shaping the peace · the peacemakers did not apply self-determination to non-europeans. britain and...
TRANSCRIPT
Shaping the PeaceChapter 21, Section 4
1
After World War I, President Wilson wanted the U.S. to approve the Treaty of Versailles and join a worldwide peacekeeping organization, the League of Nations.
Congress rejected both of these plans.
The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations were a disappointment for President Wilson.
2
Before the war ended, President Wilson had presented a peace plan to Congress.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
These points targeted the causes of the war.
They included free trade among nations and a reduction of military forces.
3
Wilson’s Fourteen Points 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
These points addressed territorial issues.
Wilson called for self-determination for minority groups in Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
4
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
14. This was Wilson’s most important point.
He wanted to set up an international organization to guarantee world peace.
5
Wilson presented his plan at a peace conference in Paris attended by the “Big Four.”
But, the other Allies wanted to punish Germany.
The Big Four included Vittorio Orlando of Italy (not pictured) as well as Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson (pictured left to right).
6
After much debate, the Big Four drafted the Treaty of Versailles.
Treaty Terms
German’s military would be limited.
The Germans accepted full responsibility for the war.
The Germans had to pay full reparations to
the Allies.
Germany lost some territory and
colonies.
7
Wilson opposed the treaty’s harsh demands.
He agreed with it to form his peacekeeping organization, the League of Nations.
On June 28, 1919, German delegates signed the treaty.
German anger at the treaty was one cause of World War II.
8
Yugoslavia
Other peace treaties applied the principle of self-determination to some of the Central Powers.
Yugoslavia was formed.
Austria-Hungary was divided.
Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia
Serbs of Serbia Other Balkan Peoples
9
The peacemakers did not apply self-determination to non-Europeans. Britain and France divided Germany’s African colonies and the Middle East.
BritainGermany’s African
Colonies
Middle Eastern lands of Ottoman Empire
France
Residents of these lands felt betrayed.
10
After the war, Europe’s borders were redrawn.
In 1918, Russia had given territory to Germany.
The 1919 peace treaties brought more changes.
11
Wilson’s idea for the League of Nations sparked heated debate in America.
The U.S. must accept its
“destiny” to lead the world on a
new path.
Membership in the League will restrict the U.S.
from acting in its own interest.
President Wilson Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
12
President Wilson lost his battle for the League of Nations.
He toured the country to promote his plan.
He suffered a massive stroke, but continued to support his plan from his sickbed.
In November 1919, the Senate voted to reject the treaty.
13
The absence of the U.S. crippled the League’s ability to solve worldwide crises in the 1930s.
Cartoons like this one criticized America’s decision.
U.S. participation is key to building the League of Nations.
The keystone is not in place.
14
An influenza epidemic killed over 500,000 Americans in
1918 and 1919.
Peacetime brought high
unemployment. In 1919, four
million U.S. laborers went
on strike.
Fear of communism
led to the “Red Scare.” Many immigrants
were rounded up and
deported.
The postwar years brought troubles to the U.S.
15