shanghai synchrotron radiation facility -...

Located at Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai Synchrotron

Radiation Facility (SSRF), a third-generation medium-

energy light source, consists of a 150-MeV electron linac,

a full-energy booster, a 3.5-GeV electron storage ring, and

7 Phase-I beamlines and experimental stations. The SSRF

project was commenced on Dec. 25, 2004 and was accepted

on Jan. 19, 2010 by the National Acceptance Committee.

Since SSRF’s opening to domestic users on May 6, 2009, it

has provided over 10000 hours beamtime to the users, i.e.

2000 hours in 2009 and over 4000 hours in 2010, 2011 and

2012, with an operation availability of 95.7%, 97.6% and

98.4% during the period of operation for users in 2010, 2011

and 2012, respectively, which can be considered as the

best operation status for a newly-built light source. By the

end of 2012, SSRF had received 4751 user proposal with a

total beamtime hour request of 354,520 hours, which is 3–4

times as much as the seven beamlines can offer, indicating a

strong demand of beamtime and a very tight supply.

By the end of 2012, SSRF had provided a total of 100,113

hours beamtime for users, involving 267 institutions,

including 131 universities, 94 research institutes, 18 hospitals

and 24 companies, from provinces throughout the country,

and accounting for 4742 users and 13252 user-times.

Based on scientific findings at SSRF, they published about

700 papers, including 150 papers in SCI-1 journals of high

impact factor (16 paper in journals of Nature, Science and

Cell, and 31 papers in journals of Nature series and Cell

series), hence a good contribution in those fields in the

Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Overview

Morning view of the SSRF

Mailing Address: 239 Zhang Heng Road,

Pudong District, Shanghai, P.

R. China Post Code: 201204

Tel: 021-33933080

Fax: 021-33933021

Website: http://ssrf.sinap.ac.cn

Contact: [email protected]

Address book

world. Also, gaining benefits from and notable progress in

their researches on SSRF for developments of pharmacy,

chemical engineering or appraisal techniques, many

enterprises have utilized SSRF for their R & D activities and

there is a increasing demand in this regard.

During the more than three years since it was put into

operation, the SSRF has played an important role in

promoting the development of several subjects in

China, including, life science, chemistry and catalysis,

materials science, environment science, biomedicine,

geo-archaeology, etc.; offered strong support to Chinese

scientific and technological development, showing potential

in regard to high-tech R&D.

Shanghai, Feb 17, Li keqiang, a member of the powerful

Politburo Standing Committee Chinese and the Vice Premier

of China, inspected SSRF. Vice Premier Li Keqiang learned

about details on the construction, operation and function

as a multi-disciplinary research platform of this large-scale

scientific facility and was briefed on the verall situations of

the SSRF and achievements of scientific researches based on

SSRF. Besides, Vice Premier Li inspected the key equipments

and core components of the accelerator and beamline

station and made a detailed understanding of innovation in

key technologies of the SSRF project. Vice Premier Li highly

indicated his full recognition in service technology and

business of the SSRF.

CAS Large Research Infrastructures 087

Research progress and results

Organization

Plentiful and substantial scientific research achievements of SSRF users

Achievements of SSRF increased steadily in 2012. With experimental findings on SSRF, they published over 320 papers, of

which 71 are SCI-I papers. Many of the papers were published in top ranking scientific journals, including 8 papers in Nature

and Science, and 15 papers in journals of Nature and Cell series.

Director Chief scientist Deputy Director Office Director

Zhao Zhentang Xu Hongjie Xiao tiqiao, He Jianhua, Tai Renzhong, Yin Lixin, Li Deming Li Yahong

Papers received and recorded by

SCI

Citation of the published

papers

Papers published in international

journals

Papers related to users

Awards atprovincial and

ministerial level

Authorization of invention

patents

Authorization of utility model

patents

Software copyright

252User+43Facility 292 User+37Facility 291 3 1 37

Structure of SSRF organization

……………

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences

Committee of Science and Technology

SSRF National Science Center(In preparation)

The Accelerator Sector The Sector of Beamlines and Stations The Utility Sector

Department of Light Source

Operation of SSRF

SSRF Beamlines and Stations Project

The Protein

The Dream

The SXFEL Project

Su

pp

ly En

gin

ee

ring

De

pt.o

f Me

cha

nica

l E

ng

ine

erin

g

De

pt.o

f F

EL T

ech

no

log

y

De

pt.o

f Acce

lerato

r P

hysics an

d R

F Tech

no

log

y

De

pt.o

f Be

am

Me

asure

me

nt an

d C

on

trol

De

pt.o

f Be

am

Eng

ine

erin

g Te

chn

olo

gy

De

pt.o

f Ad

vance

d Im

agin

gan

d In

du

strial Ap

plicatio

ns

De

pt.o

f Mate

rials and

Ene

rgy Scie

nce

e

De

pt.o

f Ph

ysics and

Enviro

nm

en

tal Scien

ces

De

pt.o

f Ligh

t Scie

nce

De

pt.o

f Utilitie

s

De

pt.o

f Utilitie

s T

ech

no

log

y Sa

fety

2012 Annual Report088

TALE protein, 11 TALs in a right-handed superhelix

Papers published by SSRF users based on their experimental

findings at SSRF

300

250

200

150

100

50

02 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2

User publication IF>5 IF>10 IF>20

Ever since their commissioning, the seven Phase I beamlines

and experimental stations have been in busy uses for

advanced fundamental and applied researches, playing

an important role for promoting the innovation capability

in many fields of science and technology in China, as

an important experimental platform for doing multi-

disciplinary innovative researches, and a place of talent-

attraction and specific trainings in China. Highlights of

research outcomes in 2012 by the users are excerpted as

follows:

Important progress in new ferric superconductor study

X-ray micro-diffraction measurement and analysis of

material crystal structures under pressure condition yield

direct experimental evidence for relationship between

crystal structure and pressure. The result gives a clue to

understand the superconductivity mechanism of this new

ferric chalcogenide superconductor and to explore new

superconductors, and raises new subjects on further studies

of superconductivity mechanism of high-temperature

superconductors. Prof. Sun Liling, a member of this group,

and her colleagues in collaboration with Prof. Ho-Kwang

Mao and Dr. Chen Xiaojia at Carnegie Institute; The results

were published on Nature 483,67–69.

Relation between the transition temperature of two superconducting

phases and pressure

TALE protein specific DNA sequence identification mechanism

TALEs are proteins secreted by Xanthomonas bacteria via

their type III secretion system when they infect various plant

species. The apo-structure of TALE proteins was determined

successfully. By further obtaining the crystal structure of

TALE protein—DNA compound, the TALE protein specific

DNA sequence identification mechanism has been clearly

revealed. These structural information provides a basis for

TALE protein reconstruction and significantly expand the

application of TALE protein in biological techniques. Prof.

Yan's Ning group, School of Medicine of Tsinghua University

and Prof. Shi's Yigong group, School of life Science of

Tsinghua University in collaboration with Prof. Zhu Jiankang

in Purdue University; The results were published on Science

335, 720-723 and quoted in the Breakthrough of the Year

runner-up-Genomic Cruise Missiles.

Plant membrane protein structure research revealing the molecular mechanism of plants' sensing ultraviolet-B and the signal transduction mechanism of chitin receptor

The Arabidopsis thaliana protein UVR8 is a photoreceptor

for ultraviolet-B. Upon ultraviolet-B irradiation(280-315nm),

UVR8 undergoes an immediate switch from homodimer to

monomer, the specific molecular mechanism of which has

to be explained depending on high-resolution structure. The


Structural basis of ultraviolet-B perception by UVR8 Structure of extracellular domain of pattern recognition receptor

AtCERK1 in complex with ligand chitin

research illuminates how the UVR8 senses light, helps researchers get a molecular-level understanding of the mechanism

and establishes a basis for further computer simulation and biophysics studies. Prof. Yigong Shi's group, School of life Science

of Tsinghua University in collaboration with Prof. Xingwang Den's group; The results were published on Nature 484, 214–219.

Innate immunity of plants is an essential part of their immune system. The research resolved the structure of extracellular

domain of pattern recognition receptor AtCERK1 in complex with ligand chitin, specially identified the molecular mechanism

of chitin, and discovered and certified the mechanism underlying the activation of AtCERK1 by chitin through a variety of in

vitro biochemical and in-plant experiments. AtCERK1 is the first pattern recognition receptor whose texture is resolved and

provides guidance for studies on similar plant receptors. This research also discovered the activation mechanism of AtCERK1,

providing a valuable model for understanding plants' immune regulation and function of other receptor-like kinases. Chai

Jijie at Tsinghua University, Zhou Jianmin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chang Junbiao at Zhengzhou University;

The results were published on Science 336,1160–1164.

Researches and development

SSRF scientists and engineers have been in active

researches on development of the accelerators, and on

experimental methods and applications of synchrotron

radiations, including: nano-scale solid-fluid interface

morphology and stability, establishment and development

of fast reconstruction in CT,X-ray cell microimaging, top-

up operation, etc. Great progresses have been achieved

in performance improvement of the accelerators and

experimental stations, and in experimental methodology as

well.

Successful starting of operation in top-up mode

The top-up operation mode is developed in recent years.

In this mode, a small amount of beam are injected into

the storage ring to maintain the beam current within

a small range (usually within 1%) under a condition of

the photon shutter opened and the experiments not be

interrupted.

Since its opening to domestic users in May 6, 2009,

the SSRF was operated in decay mode for synchrotron

radiation experiments. During the design and construction,

the machine was considered for upgrading to top-up

operation mode. In more than two years of operation,

pertinent physical simulations have been conducted, a

variety of radiation safty interlock functions have been

added and related systems have been upgraded and

improved. Commissioning and optimization of accelerator

top-up operation, radiation safety test and test operation

for both internal and public users have been carried out in

sequence. After the evaluations and tests by expert group,

the SSRF has met all requirements for top-up mode.

Since December 6,2012, the SSRF has operated in top-up

mode for user experiments, which was a milestone of SSRF

in facility performance improvements and established a

solid basis for the SSRF to achieve first-class operation of

similar machines in the world. Users were satisfied with the

beam performance and good experimental results were

obtained during the top-up operation.


Dual-energy X-ray absorption contrast image of nano diamond-sodium

compound particles (above) Uptake of nano compounds drug by cancer

cell (below)

Orbit stability

New progress in X-ray cell microimaging at the SSRF

The research team led by Huang Qing at Shanghai Institute

of Applied Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINAP),

in collaboration with the group led by Tai Renzhong at

the SSRF using the X-ray cell micro-imaging technique in

their study on ion-carrying function of nano-diamond and

found the nano material is able to bring sodium ions into

cell. Nano diamond, a new member in the family of carbon

nanoparticles, has unique physical and chemical properties

and favourable biocompatibility, and is widely used in

biopharmaceutical field. They found that sodium culture

solution can be taken into cells by nano diamond, thus

destroys the normal low-sodium environment inside the cell

and leads to cancer cells to a strengthened oxidation and

death. By virtue of the strong ability of synchrotron radiation

X-ray micro-imaging technique to distinguish elements,

essential evidence for studies on diamond-sodium transport

system can be obtained, by directly observing nano

materials and intracellular ions and performing visual studies

on the formation of transport system of this nano-drug and

its interaction with cells. This research is a representative

application of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-imaging.

The results were published on Small 8,1771–1779.

SSRF Operates in Top-up Mode

Construction, operation and upgrading

Significant achievements in operation and opening-to-users of SSRF

Total operation

hours

Machine hours for beam adjustment and

injectionBeam hours

Hours for machine

study

Hours for user experiments(7 stations)

Hours formaintenance

Breakdown hour Others

6696 0 6361 991 29710 168 167 0


SSRF users’ Proposals by discipline distribution

Material 23%Archaeology

2%

Macromolecular

6%

Chemistry and

Chemical 12%

Other 2%

Environment,9%

physics 10%Life science 28%

Medicine and

Pharmacology 8%

The beam hours provided by SSRF for the users are divided into free

beam hours and charged beam hours. The beamtime for academic

research to publish the results is free of charge, while the beamtime

used for direct commercial purposes is charged. Free beam hours

include common subject, urgent subject and important subject.

proposal for beam hours for common subject shall be evaluated by

expert committee have been arranged for emergency uses, i.e. the

administrative mode of using the machine hours before academic

evaluation, so as to meet special need of an important user., with an

aim to provide support to subjects already having good research

basis, promote further, systematic, timely and innovative research

and power the development of relevant field, with the application

evaluated by experts.

The users get the beamtime from SSRF via the procedures of

applications, evaluation and approval. Twice a year, SSRF organizes

expert evaluation of the proposal. The National Science Center of

SSRF (in preparation) is responsible for assigning beamtime to the

users who get the approval, and providing them with experimental

conditions for conducting their research work at SSRF.

SSRF accepted 1485 user proposal in 2012, with a total of 101,896

hours beatime required. Totally 1093 user proposal passed the expert

evaluations.

It had been planned to operate SSRF for 6500 hours in 2012.

Actually, it was 6696 hours. For 5370 hours SSRF was providing

University 131

Institute 94

Hospite 18

Company 24

User Visits 1325

user 4742

Singepore 3

Australie 2

The Republic of Korea 16

Japan 4

Sweden 1

Canada 1

Denmark 1

SSRF users by institutional geographic distribution

Beamlines in operation

Experimental stations in operation

User institutions

Projects for usersUsers

number Percentage of fields involved

Planned Finished

7 7 187 1217 1217 2429

Life science 28%; Material 23%; Chemistry and Chemical 12%; Physics10%; Environment 9%; Medicine and Pharmacology 8%; Macromolecular 6%; Archaeology 2%; Other 2%

synchrotron radiations to the stations, with a user power-

on rate of 98.4% and the Mean Time Between Failures

(MTBF) of 69.8 hours, Mean down time(MDT) of 1.19

hours. The figures are of the top the operation level

among the world’s synchrotron radiation facilities of

moderate energy. In the same year, SSRF had provided

29,710 hours beamtime from 187 institutions, accounting

for 2429 users and 4610 user-times.

SSRF operation status in 2012:

Total operation hours: 6696

Users’ machine hours: 5370

Machine hours for facility research: 991

Machine hours for trouble-shooting: 167

Machine hours for maintenance and preheating: 168

SSRF placed emphasis, and took new measures, on

management of user programs and achievements,

experimental safety training, and user training in 2012.

1) User Program Management System for SSRF

In order to standardize user program management platform

and enable a user to better manage his/her personal


Major equipments of Soft X-ray Interference Lithography

Station (BL08U1-B)

The macromolecular crystallography station upgrading

Acceptance of project of Construction of Soft X-ray Interference Lithography Station

The main task is to, on the basis of the Soft X-ray

Spectrography Micro Beamline Station, build XIL branch

beamline and experimental station, fully expand the use

of main beamline station (BL08U-1A) and develop micro

and nano manufacturing technology featuring large

area and high resolution. Combination of XIL and main

beamline station will make it possible to prepare, assembly,

characterize and observe nano-structures in the same

beamline station, providing a incorporated platform for

users to study nano-materials and devices. The project

was formally launched in April, 2009. It opened to users

in January, 2012. On December 27, it passed the project

acceptance organized by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Development of the Pre-emergency Chamber with Superconducting High-frequency Cavity

The purpose of this project was to develop a set of

superconducting high-frequency module of 500 MHz used

for the high-frequency system of SSRF storage ring. Related

test platforms should be established or current facilities should

be improved. In this way, SSRF shall be able to do large scale

repairs, replace troubled parts, and test performance of key

components. The project was formally launched in July, 2010

and is now in smooth progresses.

information, project application, safety training, and achievement

follow-ups, we made continuous efforts to summarized our

experiences and optimize the platform during the opening for

users. The system opens to users in 2012.

2) Regulations on important subjects of users

Important subjects at the SSRF are aimed at encouraging

fundamental researches or applied fundamental researches

of important intellectual merit, particularly national major or

important researches, frontier disciplines and much-needed

researches on crucial scientific issue, and continuously

support to full use of the SSRF in researches. Evaluation of

first batch of important subjects was completed in 2012.

3) User training

In 2012, lectures of special topics were carried out at SSRF for

new users, who were organized in three classes of protein

crystallography, diffraction technology and small angle

scattering. By teaching the students on principles of the

experiments, preparation of an experimental scenario and

procedures, data analysis and handling, and by their on-spot

training on practical operations, the students learned the

basics for how to experiment on a relevant station at SSRF,

which help obtain more and better research achievements.

The maintenance and open research in smooth progresses

Successful acceptance of project of High-resolution Structural Determination by macromolecular Crystallography and the Automated Screening System

The project upgraded and reconstructed the major

equipments in the macromolecular crystallography beamline

BL17U1 of SSRF was aimed at upgrading the macromolecular

crystallography beamline, with improved resolution and

experimental efficiency, to become a high-performance

experimental platform of advanced level in the world. The

project was formally launched in April, 2009 and opened to

users at the beginning of 2011. It passed the project acceptance

organized by the Chinese Academy of Sciences on Jan 5, 2012.


Scientific & technical personnel and talent training

SSRF staffs Graduate programs:89

Post-doctors

Introduced talents *By posts By professional titles Graduated

Operation Experiment Others Senior Junior others PhD MS

380 312 49 19 142 157 81 14 22 89

* Referred to the introduced talents by “100 talents” or “1000 talents” and other projects

Talent cultivation and introduction

In 2012, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) introduced a group of scientific talents with Chinese nationality from

LBNL (USA), Kwansei Gakuin University-Undergraduate Schools (Japan), INFN (Italy), etc.

Also, SINAP made efforts seeking support from administrative talent projects by the State Administration of Foreign Experts

Affairs. Gaining supports for introducing talents via application channels of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai

Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, SINAP invited famous experts in synchrotron radiation facilities all over the world to

visit SSRF for effective technical exchange and collaboration.

Cooperation and exchange

International cooperation project

Sextupole magnet project for LBNL laboratory

On July 25, 2012, the last batch of 26 sets of combined function

sextupole magnet for the ALS upgrade passed the inspection and

delivered to LBNL, marking the successful completion of the first

international project of SINAP on designing and manufacturing of

key equipment of accelerator. This project involves 4 types, 56 sets

of combined function sextupole magnet. During the designing and

manufacturing, the project team, tackled many difficulties, such as

multi-functions, high performances, complicated structure, highly

limited space, etc.. With a large number of technical reaches and

tests, a set of integrated high-quality manufacturing procedure

were established and the products are up to the advanced standard

required for third-generation light source. Passed E-type magnets and the project team, July 2012

Research on self-assembly and ultra-high density nano-array

Relying on the SSRF BL08U-1B, the project develops XIL-based self-assembly technology to perform large-area and high-

spatial-resolution nano-manufacturing. By combining experiment with theories, researches are carried out on foundational

scientific issues in nano-array. Images up to 50 nm wide have been obtained on PMMA mask. Application researches on EUV

photoresist detection, quantum dot, photonic crystal, nano magnetics, etc.. The project was formally launched in January,

2010 and is now in smooth progresses.


Heat-load test facility for superconducting undulator

On August 6, 2012, heat-load test facility for

superconducting undulator, a cooperation project between

the SINAP and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL),

passed technical acceptance. The test facility was installed in

the C04 straight section of storage ring at the SSRF and was

put into online experiment on September 20. This project

is one of the cooperation researches on superconducting

undulator between the two parties. The LBNL is responsible

for the physical design and supply of major standard

components and instruments, while the cryogenics group

of the SSRF is responsible for the engineering design

and manufacturing of facilities. At the present time, the

performance showed that the parameters completely met

the technical requirements and preliminary experimental

results were obtained.

International conferences

An increasing number of international top conferences

concerning synchrotron radiation hosted by the SSRF

indicates the notably rising influence of the SSRF in this field.

Conferences held in 2012 include: the 11th

International

Conference on X-ray microscopy, the 7th

International

Symposium on Medical Applications of Synchrotron

Radiation, the 7th

International Conference on Mechanical

Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment

and Instrumentation, the 1st International Symposium

on Advanced Synchrotron Techniques for Energy and

Catalysis Applications, the 209th

212th

217th

Eastern Forum

of Science and Technology. These conferences strengthen

the comprehensive interchange between the SSRF and

international experts in synchrotron radiation field and

Signing of MoU between SINAP and CLS

increase the influence of the SSRF in the field of synchrotron

radiation technology and application.

Continuous enlargement of the international collaboration

The SSRF has signed collaboration agreement with about 20

synchrotron radiation facilities in the world. In 2012, the SSRF

signed Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation

with 4 institutions: CLS, COSYLAB (Slovenia), CANDLE

(Armenia) and LNLS (Brazil).

Academic activities and popularization of science

Taking full advantages of the synchrotron radiation facility

as a comprehensive experimental platform, the SSRF hold

user meetings every year to exchange scientific findings

in synchrotron radiation field. Furthermore, a series of

academic activities and academic exchange in more fields

has been conducted and established in more active manner.

SSRF held or sponsored the following meetings:

The third SSRF Annual User Academic Meeting, the fourth

SSRF Annual Operation Meeting, User Workshop on Analysis

of Protein Crystal Structure and OASIS, Special Lecture

on Synchrotron Radiation-Fundamental Knowledge of

Synchrotron Radiation Beamline Design, etc..

Symposiums on special topics were held co-sponsored

by SINAP, Bureau of High Technology of Chinese Academy

of Sciences, Institute of Hihg Energy physics of Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Branch of Chinese Academy

of Science, Beijing Branch of Chinese Academy of Science,

University of Science and Technology of China, Fudan

University, Tongji University, City University of Hong Kong, GE

company, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, China Petroleum

and Chemical Corporation and other units.

The 11 th

International conference on X-ray microscopy


Jan. 5

Jan. 18

Feb. 17

Apr. 5

May 9~ 10

Apr. 29

Aug. 5~10

Aug. 13~16

Sep. 5~7

Oct. 17~20

Oct. 15~19

Nov. 1

Nov. 3

Nov. 12

Nov. 12~14

Nov. 27

Dec. 6

Dec. 27

The project for maintenance and modifications on general science facility of Chinese Academy of

Sciences -- High-resolution structural determination by biomacromolecular crystal diffraction and

automated screening system” was successfully accepted.

The SSRF team was awarded the Outstanding Science and Technology Achievement Prize Of CAS.

Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang inspected SSRF.

The Nobel laureate Prof. Ada Yonath visited SSRF.

Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility smoothly passed the on-spot inspection on basic operation

expenses for key scientific and technological facility of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The delegation of MEXT visited SSRF.

SSRF joint Hefei Light Source “The 11 th

International conference on X-ray microscopy” held in Shanghai.

“The fourth SSRF Annual Operation Meeting” was held in Huangshan, Anhui Province.

“The third SSRF Annual User Academic Meeting” was held in Shanghai.

The 7th

International Symposium on Medical Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (MASR 2012) was held

at the SSRF.

The 7th

International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation

Equipment and Instrumentation (MEDSI 2012) was held at Broadway Mansions Hotel.

A delegation led by the deputy minister of the Ministry of Education Lu Xin inspected SSRF.

A delegation led by the Vice Chairman of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Jin Nuo inspected SSRF.

Prof. Roger D.Kornberg, winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, visited SSRF.

The 1st

International Symposium on Advanced Synchrotron Techniques for Energy and Catalysis Applications.

We were named the Demonstration Construction Project for Archival Management.

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has operated in top-up mode for user experiments.

The project for maintenance and modifications on general science facility of Chinese Academy of

Sciences--Soft X-ray Interference Lithography Station passed acceptance.

Chronicle of events

Chinese Vice Premier Li keqiang inspected SSRF. The delegation of MEXT visited SSRF.


shanghai synchrotron radiation facility -...

Documents