shamrock ground disturbance

8/8/2019 Shamrock Ground Disturbance

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What Type Will You Be Working In!What Type Will You Be Working In!


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Responsibilities

Owners of Other Types of Buried Facilities

Responsibilities of Ground Disturbers

Third Party

Undertaking a Ground Disturbance

Actions

Notification to the Facility Owner

Facility Owner Response to Notification

Searching for Buried Facilities Introduction

Multiple Pipelines/Facilities

One-Call Centres

Provincial One-Call Centre Listing

Non-Members of One-Call Centres

Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB) Municipal/Rural Utility Owners

ConsultArea Operations Personnel - Company Personnel

Discussion with Land Owner

Company Makers

Visible Indicators

Saskatchewan 12 Call List


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Permissions and Approvals

Introduction

Crossing Agreements - Written Approval

Ground Disturbance Permits/Checklists Utility Right-of-Ways (URWS)

Road Allowances

National Energy Board (NEB)

Identifying and Marking Buried Facilities

Markings

Marking Limits of Job Site

Facility Markers

Exposure and Mechanical Excavation

Supervising the Exposure and Mechanical Excavation

Mechanical Excavation after Exposure

Excavation Using Hydrovac or Air Vacuum Equipment

Backfill Inspections

Contacting a Buried Facility

Corporate Policies and Permits

Corporate Evaluation

EnvironmentalAwareness

Vehicles Crossing Pipelines


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Competent Person

What is a "Competent Person"?

Training, experience, and knowledge of:- soil analysis

- use of protective systems

Ability to detect:- conditions that could result in cave-in

- failures in protective systems- hazardous atmospheres

- Other hazards confined space

The empowerment to STOP WORK


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SAFETY EXCAVATION ITS MORETHAN JUST A HOLE

Its about Your Safety and OthersBoth in Canada


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Before you start Before you

Dig Three Things for sure:

Have you done the one call and verified allthings below the earth

Two Have you done the Hazard Assessment Three have you check the most up to date

Provincial or State Regulations for that are

including municipal requirements


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Lets Talk DirtyLets Talk Dirty

Soil Types Shear Strength

Collapse Types

Strength Factors Protective Measures


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It was the company grader


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Excavations

Rain and drying out in hot weather can cause

trenches to collapse

A cubic metre of soil weights over a tonne. A person buried under this amount in a trench

would quickly suffocate and die.


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related to ground

disturbances are:Inadequate Hazard Assessment/Control

Failure to test/classify soil conditions

Failure to install safeguards

Inadequate timbering/ use of defective

materials

Inadequate protection for surcharge loads

Not allowing for changing weather conditions


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Hazard Assessments

What is a Hazard?

What is a Hazard Assessment? When is a Hazard Assessment Conducted?

What Are the Control Measures?


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SAFETY INSAFETY INEXCAVATIONSEXCAVATIONS

Collapse TypesCollapse Types


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Excavations Precautions

Safety helmets must be worn at all times.

Access to and from the excavation should be by

ladder, securely fixed. Do not climb in and out of excavations using the

supports.

Guardrails and warning signs are required where

a person may fall into an excavation and wherethe public are at risk.


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Buried Services

Before excavation starts

Determine the dangers

Obtain advice on the location and ownershipof the buried cables.

Check existing plans to establish cable routes,depth and voltage.

Use location devices to determine exactroute(s)


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Buried Services

During excavation.

Assume all cables are live.

Use careful hand digging when nearingassumed cable route.

Do not use excavators or power tools within

0.5m of the indicated route.


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Buried Services

Look for marker tape or other types ofindicator, such as marker tiles, buried directlyabove the route of the cables.

Support exposed services and do not usethem as hand hold or foothold.

Other services communication cables, water

pipes, gas pipes etc.


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What is Ground Disturbance?

_An excavation is defined as any operation for the purpose of movement or removal of earth, rock or othermaterials in or on the ground by use of mechanized equipment or by blasting...

_ Excavations include, but are not limited to:

_ Driving Survey Pins _ Digging

_ Installing Sign Poles

_ Scraping

_ Boring Holes

_ Ditching

_ Dredging

_Augering

_ Tunneling

_Demolition of Structures

_Drilling

_Cable or Pipe Plowing or Driving

_Grading

_Setting Poles

_Trenching

_Moving Earth

_Wrecking


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Topics to be DiscussedTopics to be Discussed

Soil Types Shear Strength

Collapse Types

Strength Factors Protective Measures


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Safety in ExcavationsSafety in Excavations

In General:In General:

An employer is required to provide safe

means of access to and egress from a workarea above or below ground level by means

of stair, ladder, runway or ramp.

The access way must be well maintained

well-lit, clear of obstructions, and besuitable abrasive to ensure firm footing for

workers.


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Safety in ExcavationsSafety in Excavations

Excavation work cannot commence until theLabour Division has been notified and theemployer has received a registration number andhas notified public utilities.

If the employer does not perform the excavationin accordance with the Construction IndustrySafety Regulation of the Workplace Safety andHealthAct, the registration may be revoked andthe excavation shut down.


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Soil TypesSoil Types


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Soil TypesSoil Types

Stable Rock TypeA Soil

Type B Soil

Type C Soil Layered Geological Strata


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Shear StrengthShear Strength


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Strength FactorsStrength Factors


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Strength FactorsStrength Factors

Water

Vibrations Erosion and Weathering

Excavation Depth

Slope Steepness Degree of Soil Compaction


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The capacity of a material toThe capacity of a material toresist the internal and externalresist the internal and external

forces which slide past eachforces which slide past eachother other


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Cohesion

The stickiness of the soil; a greater amount of claythan sand.

Internal Friction

A result of particle shape.


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General Safety

RequirementsPrior to digging, the contractor shall identifyand locate all underground utilities.

This will prevent backhoes and excavators from severing

telephone, data, water, or gas lines. If this were to happen,disruption of local services, lost project profit, and loss oforganizational credibility are the best results that can be hopedfor. Equipment-operator injury is a much more serious outcomeif a gas explosion occurs.

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General Safety

Requirements

All surface "encumbrances"signs, trees, fences, poles,sidewalks, etc.must be protected during the project.

Since undercut items suddenly can give way, striking employeesand bringing down electrical lines, etc., compliance with thisrequirement prevents injury, electrocution, or property damage.

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General Safety

RequirementsAll excavating equipment must maintain a minimum of 10 ft.from overhead power lines rated 50 kV or less, with 0.4 in. ofclearance added for every kV over 50.

Adherence to this requirement will prevent the equipment fromcontacting the energized line and minimize the possibility ofelectrical arcing.

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General Safety

RequirementsEmployees exposed to vehicular traffic must wear a high-visibility vest, and the excavation must be protected fromtraffic.

If it is possible for vehicular traffic to enter the excavation, or ifthe equipment operator does not have a clear view of the edge,then stop logs or other physical barriers should be placed farenough back from the edge that impact with them will alert theoperator to stop the equipment.

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General Safety

Requirements

Any excavation left unattended must be barricaded, fenced, orotherwise protected against accidental entry from pedestrians.

If the excavation is in a secluded location where passersby are

unlikely, a barricade of posts and warning tape, with a sign, issufficient.

If the excavation is in a high traffic location, however, a physical

barrier such as a fence must isolate it.I

n these situations, anexcavation left unattended is considered to be an "attractivenuisance"a legal term that implies a responsibility of thehazard creator to physically prevent access by the public.

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General Safety

RequirementsA competent person must be designated to assess the excavation anddetermine that it is safe for project personnel to enter and work.

This person must be on-site when the excavation is entered, to assessthe excavation daily, as well as after each significant weather event or

hazard-increasing occurrence that could affect the safety of theexcavation project. The competent person is responsible for the safetyof all excavation workers and he/she typically will be the first employeeinterviewed by OSHA during an accident investigation. The lack of adesignated and trained competent person during an OSHA inspectionwill frequently result in a citation.

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General Safety

Requirements

The contractor must provide a safe means of entering or exiting anyexcavation over 4 ft. deep.

This can be accomplished by using methods such as ladders, ramps, or

stairs. Jumping in is dangerous, and sliding in places pressure on thesidewall. And exiting would be difficult and dangerous. If you are using astraight ladder, make sure that the ladder extends out of the excavationat least 3 ft. This allows the user to climb out of the excavation and stepoff onto the surface instead of having to partly climb out. If you areinstalling a ramp, cut the ramp at such an angle that workers can easily

walk out, upright, without using their hands to secure their position.

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General Safety

Requirements

If employees must cross over the open excavation (trench),a safe means shall be provided so that the employees do not have tojump.

If a trench is 100 ft. long and employees will have to move about on bothsides, they are not going to walk around they are going to step or jumpacross. This is dangerous and can be prevented easily by placing asuitable wooden walkway across the trench. If, however, employeesmust cross over an open excavation at a height of 6 ft. or more, awalkway with standard guardrails (toprail 39-45 in. high and midrail

halfway down) must be provided to comply with OSHAs fall protectionrequirements.

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General Safety

Requirements

In excavations over 4 ft. in depth, a potential for the accumulation ofhazardous gases or vapors exists.

If there is any reason to suspect that a toxic atmosphere is, or is likely to be,

present in the excavation, then the atmosphere must be tested prior to workingin it. The reason that pits and trenches are potential contaminant traps isbecause most harmful gases and vapors, such as equipment or vehicle exhaustfumes, are heavier than air and will settle in low places, such as excavations.OSHA does not mandate that all 4-ft.-plus excavations be examined foratmospheric contaminants; it is only necessary when the possibility is real. If theexcavation does contain a hazardous atmosphere, then consult the OSHA

standard, Permit-Required Confined Space, 29 CFR 1910.146, for additionalrequirements.

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General Safety

Requirements

If the excavation is over 5 ft. deep, a protective systemshall be employed to prevent cave-in.

This mandates that all excavations greater than 5 ft. deep be shored, sloped, or

otherwise physically prevented from collapsing. It does not state thatexcavations under 5 ft. are always safe and need no protective system. The

correct interpretation is that ifproject site conditions are appropriatesuch ascohesive soil, lack of vibration, short-term opening, upright body positioning

during workshallow excavations under 5 ft. may not need additional protectivesystems, based on a knowledgeable assessment by the competent person.

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Methods of Excavation Protection

Sloping

andBenching

Shoring and Shielding Hydraulic Pneumatic Screw Jacks Speed Shore


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Trench Collapse

The general zone of

exposure is the areawhere workers areexposed to mass soil

movement.

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Types of Trench Collapse

Spoil pile slide results

from poor excavationprocedures where theexcavated material is not

placed far enough awayfrom the edge of the

excavation.

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Side wall shear is

common to clay-typesoils exposed to drying.

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Slough-in ( cave-in) is

common to previouslyexcavated material,sand, and gravel.

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Rotation is common with

clay-type soils whensaturated with water.

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TYPE A SOIL

Type A soils are cohesive soils with an

unconfined compressive strength of 1.5

tons per square foot (tsf) or greater.

Examples of Type A soils:x1) Clay 5) Caliche

x2) Silty Clay 6) Hardpan

x3) Sandy Clay 7) Silty Clay Loam and

x4) Clay Loam sandy Clay Loam in some cases

Type A - Sloping Criteria 53o (3/4:1)

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TYPE A SOIL

Soil is not Type A if any of these conditionsexist:

1) The soil is fissured;

2) The soil is subject to vibration from heavytraffic, pile driving, or similar effects;

3) The soil has been disturbed previously (suchas in pipeline corridors);

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TYPE A SOIL

4) The soil is part of a layered, slopedsystem where the layers dip into the

excavation on a slope of four Horizontal

to one vertical or greater; or

5) The soil is subject to other factors that

would require classification as a lessstable material.

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TYPE B SOIL

1) A soil is Type B if any of these conditionsexist :

Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength

greater that 0.5 tsf but less than 1.5 tsf;

Granular, cohesionless soils including:

a) Angular gravel (similar to crushed rock);

b) Silt;

c) Silt loam

d) Sandy loam; and

e) Silty clay loam and sandy clay loam, in some cases.

2) Type B - Sloping Criteria 45o(1:1)

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TYPE B SOIL

3) Previously disturbed Type A soil,except those classified as Type C soils;

4) Soil that meets the unconfined

compression strength orcementation requirements for Type

A soil but is fissured or subject to

vibrations; or

5) Unstable dry rock.

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Zone of Exposure


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Zone of Exposure

Spoil Pile Slide


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Zone of Exposure

Spoil Pile Slide Side Wall Shear


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Zone of Exposure


Slough in


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Zone of Exposure


Slough in

Rotation

SAFETY INSAFETY IN


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Shoring TechniquesShoring Techniques


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Engineers are often required to designshoring, which is a constructionprocedure used specifically to maintainthe stability of the walls of anexcavation and provide protection toworkers who may enter the excavation


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Accidental Falling Entry

Excavation sites cannot be crowed with

anything such as piles of excavated

material or excavation equipment which

might accidentally fall into the excavation.

All work areas adjacent to public

walkways must be adequately guarded orbarricaded by fences, guardrails or a

covering sufficient to prevent persons

from falling into the excavation.


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Shafts and Tunnels

Due to the specific nature and hazards of

the work, a professional engineer may be

required to design a support structure for a

shaft or tunnel prior to commencement.

At least one worker in each work crew must

be experienced in the type of work beingperformed in shaft and tunnel excavations,

and at least one worker is required to be

trained in first aid.


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Atmosphere

Every employer must provide a suitable

ventilation system in a shaft or tunnel

excavation to ensure that there is no lack of

oxygen and that concentrations of toxins in

the atmosphere are minimised.

No employer shall allow internal combustionengines to be used in underground work

areas unless the engines are properly

engineered to do so.


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Illumination

Every employer must provide electrical

illumination for the full length of the tunnel

and at the face of the excavation where

inadequate natural light is present.

Where electrical illumination is used in an

underground excavation, employers arerequired to provide an emergency lighting

system.


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First Aid in Shafts and Tunnels

Employers must ensure that:

At least one worker holding a valid first aid certificatemust be present during each shift.

A first aid kit is provided in the immediate vicinity of the

entrance to a shaft or tunnel.

A basket stretcher and blankets are provided at eachworksite.

Workers are instructed in proper underground rescue

procedures.


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Flammable and Combustible Hazards

Flammable and combustible liquids shall not

be used underground unless they are stored

in accordance with the Manitoba Fire Code.

Effective means for extinguishing a fire in an

underground excavation must be provided

where combustible or flammable materialsmay be present.


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h i h ih i h i


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Wood Support

Screw Jacks Hydraulic Shores


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Sh i T h iSh i T h i


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Wood Support

Screw Jacks Hydraulic Shores

Spacing

Trench Cages


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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Excavation Work is a highly dangerous industry.Excavation Work is a highly dangerous industry.Safety standards need to be implementedSafety standards need to be implemented

and stringently maintainedand stringently maintained


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Day lighting

Similar Needs

Like permits and planning but different in

requirements You still need to know your soils


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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Excavation Work is aExcavation Work is ahighly dangeroushighly dangerous

industry. Safetyindustry. Safety

standards need to bestandards need to beimplemented andimplemented andstringently maintainedstringently maintained


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People- You and your Team CAN go home safely at the end ofevery work day!Property

Environment We all must do our part to plan properly,

recognize and communicate potential

hazards, correct any unsafe conditions or

behaviors. If it just does not seem right-stopwork and ask.

or JUST STOPWORKPERIOD

PROTECT

Don't forget you Need a Safe


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Don t forget you Need a Safe

Work Permit

OK l lOK l l

shamrock ground disturbance

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