sfg1795 v4 public disclosure...

The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

Prepared By:

EG-GIZA North Power Project –Natural Gas Lines to Additional Power

Plants in Egypt

Sumed Import Natural Gas Pipeline

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALIMPACT ASSESSMENT

December 2016

Final Draft

SFG1795 V4P

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

ed

of 237

ESIA study for EG-GIZA North Power Project – Sumed Import Natural Gas Line

Executive SummaryIntroduction

The proposed project is considered as part of Egypt’s strategy which aims to expand theuse of natural gas as a clean source of energy, a goal that will be achieved throughdelivering natural gas to houses, industrial facilities and power plants. In this regard, theEG-Giza North Power Project was undertaken by the Egyptian Government. Theproject consists of three main components:

Component 1: The Power Plant Component, which is the construction of 2250MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant;

Component 2: The Construction of transmission lines to connect the powerplant to the national grid

Component 3: The construction of gas pipeline to strengthen the gas supplynetwork to ensure supply gas to power plant.

Component 3 of the project, which involves gas pipeline construction to provide naturalgas to North Giza power station, is implemented by the Egyptian Company for NaturalGas (GASCO) with the assistance of the World Bank. This component and was 96%concluded by the end of 2015.

After conclusion of the procurement of the Bank financed packages, there were stillfinancial savings from the project that can be utilized by the Government of Egypt. Inthis regard, the World Bank received formal request from the government of Egypt toutilize these savings to procure pipelines required for upgrading the natural gas networkand connecting to new and existing power plants.

As the objective of the new gas pipelines connections to the existing and new powerstations is to improve the security and efficiency of electricity supply, the additionalproposed scope by the Egyptian government is considered to be fully in-line with theoriginal project objectives.

The proposed pipelines will also be implemented by GASCO and are composed of 9pipelines, namely:

1. New Capital - Dahshour gas pipeline (70 km)2. Dahshour – El Wasta gas pipeline (65 km)3. El Wasta – Beni Suef gas pipeline (65 km) + gas decompression station (in Beni

Suef Power Station)4. Sixth of October Power Station (400 meters) + gas decompression station (in 6th

of October power station)

of 237


5. El Gamel – Damietta gas pipeline (50 km)6. El Suez Power Station (3 km) + gas decomposition station (in Suez Thermal

Power Station)7. Soumid import gas pipeline (4 km)8. El Mahmoudiya Power Station (27 km + 17 km + 7 km) + gas decompression

station (in Mahmoudiya Power Station)9. Damanhour Power Station (2.5 km) + gas decompression station (in Damanhour

Power Station)

Approach to StudyThe preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is done accordingto the following approach:

Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project; Reviewing national and international legislations and regulations relevant to the

project, including the required governmental permits. Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding the

current environmental and social situation; Holding a Scoping Session (first public consultation) to engage the community

and different stakeholders in the process of identifying the expected impacts; Assessing the potential environmental and social impacts associated with

proposed project activities; Developing an outline for the environmental and social management plan for the

mitigation of the expected negative impacts and the monitoring activities toensure compliance with the relevant environmental laws;

Holding a Public Consultation Session based on the updated ESIA and RAPstudies;

Finalizing and submitting the ESIA and RAP studies for the pipeline.

Project Overview

Pipeline RouteThe pipeline which is the focus of the study is the Sumed import pipeline, with the aimto supply natural gas to the New Capital power station.

The pipeline is planned to be 4 km, and will be located at the southern zone of El Suezgovernorate at El-Ein El-Sokhna. The pipeline path mainly passes through empty areasoverlooking the Suez Gulf coast land which is owned by Sumed Company. The routewill include the addition of a new valve room and the expansion of an existing room.

of 237


Construction PhaseThe project will be carried out by a contractor under GASCO’s supervision and control.It is expected that the engineering, procurement and construction phase will collectivelytake about for 19 month, during which the following activities will be done:

• Right of Way activities.• Pipe transportation and storage.• Trenching.• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings• Welding and inspection.• Coating and inspection• Wrapping of joints.• Ditching.• Installation of valves.• Tie-ins• Laying fiber-optic cables• Backfilling.• Pigging.• Hydrostatic test.• Dewatering.• Purging& commissioning.• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and

electric components).

Operation PhaseThe operation phase is normally functioned through the central control unit through theSCADA system. Normal maintenance and monitoring work will be performed includingpatrolling to leakages and potential hazards detection. In case of leak detection, ordamage in parts of the pipeline, the damaged part will be isolated and the necessaryaction will be taken according to the emergency response plan of GASCO.

Project AlternativesThe main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to NewCapital Power Plant, in order to help meet the growing national demand. In case ofhaving “No Action”, Mazout (heavy fuel oil) or diesel can be used to compensate thisshortage despite that there will be more polluting air emissions in case of transporting itthrough vehicles, and even during its burning. In addition, since there is a local shortage

of 237


in supplying Mazout and diesel, they will be mainly imported, and accordingly increasethe load on the national budget especially regarding the current foreign currencyproblems. Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted.

Several alternatives were considered for the route of the line, with the aim of avoiding asmuch as possible, any residential areas with sensitive receptors, and major crossings ofboth roads and waterways. Accordingly, the prioritization of certain pipeline route fromthe environmental and social perspectives focus on shortening the pipeline length andany expected social and environmental impacts. In addition, the choice of the pipelineroute takes into consideration some technical aspects set by GASCO includingfacilitating the accessibility of equipment, vehicles and personnel to the pipeline siteduring the construction and maintenance activities by placing the path as much aspossible near to paved roads.

The path selected by GASCO mainly passes through desert areas and was chosen is topass along the borders of Sumed campus and not through the campus to enable anyfurther expansion or construction activities in Sumed campus.

The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets, and at the sametime aligns with GASCO’s strategy which aims at choosing routes already containingexisting infrastructure.

Positive Environmental and Social ImpactsImplementation of the proposed project is expected to lead to a number of positivesocial and economic benefits, for example:

The project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities in theconstruction phase, both directly and indirectly;

Support the expansion of power generation projects; Expanding power generation will dramatically enhance the national electricity

grid; Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to

local industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; Expanding the natural gas network will enhance the national plans to increase

the number of natural gas household connections. Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel;

of 237


Environmental Impact Rating Summary

Table 1 - Environmental Impact Rating Summary

Phase Impact Category Impact RatingLow Medium High

Construction

Air Quality ×Aquatic Environment ×Noise ×Ecology ×Land Use ×Soil quality ×Traffic ×Cultural Areas ×Natural Disasters ×Risks and Hazards ×Waste generation ×Public Health ×Operational Health andSafety

×

Existing Infrastructure ×Restoration ×

Operation

Air Quality ×Water environment ×Noise ×Ecology ×Land Use ×Soil Quality ×Traffic ×Cultural Areas ×Natural Disasters ×Risks and Hazards ×Waste generation ×Public Health ×Operational Health andSafety

×

Existing Infrastructure ×

of 237


Main Construction ImpactsThe main impacts expected during the project construction are as follows:

1. Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (sitepreparation, excavation, etc)

2. The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper disposal ofconstruction wastes or debris in the waterways, and in case of improper disposalof sanitary wastewater and water resulting from hydrostatic testing.

3. Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and otherexcavation and construction works.

4. The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water andwastewater networks pipes, telephone connections…etc. during the constructionactivities

5. Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous andconstruction waste, such as Soil, Concrete, Welding belts, used oils, starting fromtheir storage onsite until the final disposal.

6. Occupational Health and Safety aspects7. Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule8. Traffic impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting

construction materials and equipment to the site.9. Impacts on birds available around the project site especially in case of high noise

and light levels.

Main Operation ImpactsWhile the main impacts expected during operation are:

1. In case of pipeline failure due to maintenance activities, accidents, sabotage ortrespass, this may lead to release of a significant amount of natural gas which willcause major risks and to the surrounding communities and the environment.

2. Natural disasters might lead to pipeline failure and accordingly to the release ofnatural gas, which will affect the public health of the surroundings and theenvironment.

Social Impacts

During Construction

1. Streets rehabilitation or restoration (رد الشئ إلصلھ) following pipeline networkinstallation is covered by the Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifiesthe responsibility to “restore to original condition”. Delays in street restorationmay lead to varying degrees of damage to vehicles, loss of access and business,

of 237


traffic congestions with associated delays and emissions, and a potentiallysignificant public discontentment.

During Operation

1. The possibility of a gas leakage or the occurrence of fires, which could affect theresidents in the area, is a concern.

2. Impacts related to the easement of the RoW: potential expansion of theresidential area close to the pipeline routes. The land where the line will pass isowned by Sumed Petroleum Company hence very limited impacts may occur inthis concern.

of 237


Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)The following Tables show the ESMP outline for the proposed pipeline during the construction and operation phases.

The general implementation and supervision cost for all the proposed mitigation measures will be approximately 13,000 EGP/month.Additional costs will be stated for some mitigation measures.

Table 2 - Mitigation Measures and supervision responsibility during operation and construction phasesPotentialEnvironmental Impact

Proposed MitigationMeasures

Responsibility ofMitigation

Responsibility of directsupervision

Estimated Cost

Construction PhaseAir emissions Implementation of

regular maintenanceschedule formachinery

Ensuring that vehiclesand equipment willnot be left runningunnecessarily toreduce gaseous andexhaust emissionsfrom diesel engines

Contractor GASCO HSE sitesupervisor

GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost: 13000 EGP/month

Dust Emissions Water spraying beforeexcavation, filling,loading and unloading


General Implementation/supervision cost

of 237


PotentialEnvironmental Impact




Estimated Cost

Spraying of stockpiles,storage in coveredareas

Using paved routes toaccess the sitewherever possible.

Sheeting of Lorriestransporting friableconstruction materials

Ensuringtransportation ofconstruction waste bya licensed contractor

Minimizing dropheights for materialtransfer activities suchas unloading of friablematerials

Risk of damaging existinginfrastructure

Consult maps beforeexcavation work

Use of trial pits


GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

of 237






Estimated Cost

Analysis of accidentslogs

If a line break occurs,the nearest policedepartment and thecorrespondingauthority shall beinformed to repair thedamaged line

Cost of infrastructuredamage will varyaccording to the type ofdamage. The cost will becharged on thecontractor.

Solid, Construction andhazardous wastegeneration

Identification and useof approved nearbydisposal sites throughlocal authority

On-site segregation ofwastes according totheir types

Designation and useof appropriatestockpiling locationson site

Covering waste


Hazardous WasteDisposal: 3500EGP/ton +transportation cost


of 237






Estimated Cost

stockpiles to avoidambient air pollution

Daily hauling of wasteto disposal site incovered trucks

Activities involvingfueling, lubricating oradding chemicals willnot take place on-site(unless it is necessary)to avoid soil pollutionand generation ofadditional hazardouswastes

Containers of usedchemicals and oil willbe collected anddisposed in anapproved hazardouswastes facility

The hazardous liquidwaste will be collected

of 237






Estimated Cost

in specific drums andtransferred byauthorized companies

Noise

Minimize the time ofexposure of workersto noise

Ensuring the use ofear plugs in the field

Training all theworkers before thecommencement ofconstruction activitiesabout this hazard andhow to avoid it

Construction activitieswill be minimizedduring night so as notto disturb thesurroundings

All machines andvehicles should beshut-off when not



of 237






Estimated Cost

usedTraffic Congestion Using signs for

drivers before thecommencement ofany constructionactivities to informdrivers and ensure thesafety of the roads

Planning alternativeroutes when roads areobstructed

Choosing a locationfor temporary storageof constructionmaterials, equipment,tools, wastes andmachinery beforeconstruction so as notto cause further trafficdisruptions

Avoiding constructionwork at the traffic



of 237






Estimated Cost

peak times wheneverpossible

Prohibitinguncontrolled off roaddriving

Water bodies/Wastewatergeneration

Acquire dischargepermits fromsewage/irrigationauthority

Liquid waste generatedsuch as chemicals anddrains should becollected in suitabletanks The water resulting

from the hydrostatictest of the pipelineshould be testedbefore beingdischarged in a waterbody or betransported directly to



Sampling cost: 6500EGP/ sample

of 237






Estimated Cost

the nearest watertreatment plant, Priorcoordination with theMinistry of WaterResources andIrrigation (MWRI)and the HoldingCompany for Waterand Wastewater isnecessary

Sanitary waste waterwill be collected intemporary storagetanks and sent to awaste watertreatment plant via acertified contractor.

Hazards and Accidents

An emergencypreparednessresponse plan, whichis already prepared by

GASCO HSEdepartment

GASCO Headquarters GASCO management cost(General Implementation/supervision cost)

of 237






Estimated Cost

GASCO, will be inplace to giveinstructions about theidentification of thepotential occurrenceof accidents andemergency situationsthat may occur duringthe pipelineconstruction and howto respond to them toreduce the risks andimpacts that may beassociated with theseemergency situations

Gasco’s spill oilcontingency plan willbe applied in case ofany accidental spillsand releases

Ecological impacts All machine andvehicles should be

Contractor GASCO Headquarters General Implementation/supervision cost

of 237






Estimated Cost

shut-off when notused.

Restrictions on lorrymovements toprevent noisenuisance

Constructionactivities during nightwill be minimized

Use low-wattage lightsources

Soil/Land Use

Restoring the land toits original conditionat the end of theconstruction phase.

Hazardous liquidshave to be handledcarefully in order toavoid the spilling orleaks to the ground


Occupational Health andSafety

Ensure the adequateimplementation of


Training Cost: 6000EGP/training program

of 237






Estimated Cost

occupational healthand safety provisionson-site such asproviding the personalprotective equipment(PPE) to the workers.

The site should beprovided by all theprotective and safetyrequirements stipulatedby labor laws andoccupational health.


Archaeological, Historicand Cultural Heritage

Chance-find procedurewill be applied in caseof any artifacts werefound

Contractor GASCO Headquarters No Cost

Operation PhaseHazards and Accidents Scheduled patrolling

activities, inspectionand preventivemaintenanceactivities

HSE department atGASCO (on-site section)

HSE department atGASCO (central unit andadministration)

GASCO management cost

of 237






Estimated Cost

Inspection willinclude any activitiesthat could potentiallylead to damage in thepipeline

In case ofemergency, thesource of the leakwill be isolated untilthe maintenanceteam performs therequiredmaintenance

Signs will be postedover the pipelinepath showing thenumbers to be calledin case of emergency

Table 3 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during operation and construction phases

of 237


Impact MonitoringIndicators

ResponsibilityforImplementation

Supervision Frequency/Duration

Location Methods Estimated Cost

Construction Phase

Air emissions Inspection ofvehicle andmachinerymaintenanceschedule

Contractor GASCOEnvironmentalOfficer

Quarterly Documentationoffice

Review ofschedule

13000EGP/month forGeneralimplementationand supervisioncost

Exhaustemissionsconcentrationsfrom dieselgenerators

Contractor (viathird party)

GASCOEnvironmentalOfficer

Once beforeconstructioncommencement, then quarterlyfor each vehicle

Vehiclemaintenance site

Sampling ofexhaustemissions

10000 EGP/sample

DustEmissions

Inspection oftheconstructionactivities


Daily Constructionsite

Siteobservation

Generalimplementationand supervisioncost

Risk ofdamagingexistinginfrastructure

Frequency andlocation ofdamageincidents


Monthly Documentationoffice

Documentation in themonthlyHSEreports and

GeneralImplementation/ supervisioncost

Cost of

of 237






accidentslogs

infrastructuredamage will varyaccording to thetype of damage.The cost will becharged on thecontractor.

Solid,Constructionand hazardouswastegeneration

Use of on-siteallocatedstockpilelocations


Weekly Constructionsite

Siteobservation

Generalimplementation/supervision cost

On-sitesegregation ofhazardouswastecomponentsfromconstructionwastes andother non-hazardouswastes



Siteobservation


of 237






Quantities andtypes of wastegenerated



Recordingof dailytransportation statisticsand recordsfrom thewastedisposalsites

hazardous wastedisposal: 3500EGP/ton+transportationcost

Noise

Sound intensitylevels andexposuredurations



Quarterly, atleast onemeasurementpercontractor/sub-contractor

Constructionsite

Noiserecording,reporting inmonthlyreports


Sampling Cost:5000 EGP/sample

Complaintsfromneighboringresidents



Assessmentof the filedcomplaints


of 237






Use ofearmuffs byConstructionworkers



Siteobservation


TrafficCongestion

Trafficcongestions



Obstructedroadsobservation


Complaintsfromneighboring/affectedresidents



Assessmentof the filedcomplaints


Appropriateimplementationof themitigationsmeasuresagreed uponwith thecontractor


Monthly Constructionsite

Siteobservation


of 237






Waterbodies/Wastewatergeneration

Oilyappearance orsmell ofwastewaterstreams.Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)

Contractor(via third party)


Continuousduringconstructionand hydrostatictesting

Constructionsite

Siteobservationandchemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


Wastewateranalysis afterhydrostatictesting.Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,



Beforedischargingwastewater

Constructionsite

Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


of 237






COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)

Soil/Land Use Recording anyspills orleakagesincidents andperiodicallyanalyzing thesedata.


Upon detectionof any spillageor leakageincidence

Constructionsite

Siteobservation


Surveying ofstructural statusof buildingsand performingsoilinvestigations



Yearly, ifnecessary

Structuralconsultancy firmfor the affectedsite (if any)

Structuralconsultancyfirm


The pipelineroute should berevisited andinvestigated atthe end of theconstruction


After end ofconstruction

Constructionsite

Siteinvestigation


of 237






phase to ensurethat the landhas beenrestored to itsoriginalconditionsbefore theproject

OccupationalHealth andSafety

PPEs, first aidkits, emergencyplans, fire-fightingequipment



Observation GeneralImplementation/ supervisioncost

Training Cost:6000EGP/trainingprogram

Operation Phase

Hazards andAccidents

Patrollingreports for thepipeline

GASCOinspectionDepartment in

GASCOinspectionDepartment in

2 weeks (Class4)

Pipeline route Patrollingschedule

GASCOManagementcost

of 237






the pipeline’sarea

the head office

Regularinspection andmaintenance

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment inthe pipeline’sarea

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment inthe head office

Quarterly(According tothe inspectionandmaintenancetime plan)

Pipeline route Inspectionandmaintenance time plan

GASCOManagementcost

Leakage surveyand pipelinepressureparameters(throughSCADAsystem)

GASCOinspectiondepartment/GASCOoperationdepartmentin the pipeline’sarea

GASCOinspectiondepartment/GASCOoperationdepartment inthe head office

2 weeks, 1month or 6months(According tothe leakagesurveyschedule)/continuousmonitoring

Pipeline routeanddocumentationoffice

LeakageSurveySchedule/operationallog

GASCOManagementcost

of 237


Table of ContentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY _______________________________________________________________________ 2

INTRODUCTION 2APPROACH TO STUDY _________________________________________________________________________ 3PROJECT OVERVIEW __________________________________________________________________________ 3

Pipeline Route 3Construction Phase ........................................................................................................................................ 4Operation Phase............................................................................................................................................. 4

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES _______________________________________________________________________ 4POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ______________________________________________________ 5ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RATING SUMMARY_________________________________________________________ 6

Main Construction Impacts ............................................................................................................................ 7Main Operation Impacts ................................................................................................................................ 7

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ______________________________________________ 9

TABLE OF CONTENTS ________________________________________________________________________ 29

LIST OF TABLES ____________________________________________________________________________ 33

LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________________________ 35

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS _____________________________________________________________________ 38

1 INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________________ 41

1.1 BACKGROUND _________________________________________________________________ 411.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW _____________________________________________________________ 421.3 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY _______________________________________________ 43

1.3.1 Approach to the Study.......................................................................................................... 431.3.2 Study Methodology .............................................................................................................. 431.3.3 Data Collection Methodology............................................................................................... 441.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations ................................................................................................. 45

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION _______________________________________________________________ 47

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND __________________________________________________________ 472.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS __________________________________________________________ 47

2.2.1 Pipeline Route....................................................................................................................... 472.2.2 Sensitive Receptors............................................................................................................... 482.2.3 Pipeline Specifications .......................................................................................................... 512.2.4 Pipeline Design Considerations ............................................................................................ 512.2.5 Valve Room .......................................................................................................................... 52

2.3 ACTIVITIES OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________________________________________ 522.3.1 Right of Way Activities ......................................................................................................... 542.3.2 Ditching ................................................................................................................................ 552.3.3 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling ....................................................................................... 602.3.4 Hydrostatic Testing .............................................................................................................. 602.3.5 Dewatering........................................................................................................................... 612.3.6 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging.......................................................................... 612.3.7 Purging and Commissioning................................................................................................. 612.3.8 Pipeline Crossings................................................................................................................. 612.3.9 Construction work in the valve room ................................................................................... 65

2.4 ACTIVITIES OF OPERATIONAL PHASE __________________________________________________ 652.4.1 Pipeline Patrolling ................................................................................................................ 66

of 237


2.4.2 Leakage Survey..................................................................................................................... 672.4.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) ................................................. 67

2.5 RESOURCES CONSUMPTION________________________________________________________ 672.5.1 During Construction Phase ................................................................................................... 672.5.2 During Operation Phase ....................................................................................................... 68

2.6 WASTE GENERATION ____________________________________________________________ 682.6.1 During Construction Phase ................................................................................................... 682.6.2 During Operation Phase ....................................................................................................... 68

2.7 THE EXPECTED TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT EXECUTION ______________________________________ 68

3 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ___________________________________________ 69

3.1 PREFACE_____________________________________________________________________ 693.2 NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ______________________________________ 693.3 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS IN EGYPT _____________________________ 71

3.3.1 Environmental Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015) ......................................... 713.3.2 Waste Management Regulations......................................................................................... 743.3.3 Wastewater Management Regulations ............................................................................... 763.3.4 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public Consultation ..................................................... 773.3.5 Work environment and occupational health and safety ...................................................... 773.3.6 Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988.......................................................................................... 783.3.7 Traffic Related Laws ............................................................................................................. 793.3.8 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatory.............................................. 79

3.4 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES __________________________________________________ 803.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment .................................................................................. 813.4.2 OP 4.09 Pest Management .................................................................................................. 813.4.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources.................................................................................. 813.4.4 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement..................................................................................... 813.4.5 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines ................................................. 82

3.5 GAP ANALYSIS FOR KEY EGYPTIAN AND WB ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ____________________________ 823.5.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................ 823.5.2 Water Quality....................................................................................................................... 833.5.3 Noise..................................................................................................................................... 85

4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ____________________________________ 88

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT__________________________________________________ 884.1.1 Site- Location........................................................................................................................ 884.1.2 Geological characteristics .................................................................................................... 924.1.3 Terrain and Topography....................................................................................................... 954.1.4 Soil ........................................................................................................................................ 954.1.5 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................. 964.1.6 Meteorological Characteristics............................................................................................. 964.1.7 Natural Disasters................................................................................................................ 1014.1.8 Traffic .................................................................................................................................1034.1.9 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 1044.1.10 Noise...................................................................................................................................1094.1.11 Water: Availability and Quality .......................................................................................... 1104.1.12 Ecology and Biodiversity..................................................................................................... 1114.1.13 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage ..................................................................122

5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS _______________________________________________ 123

5.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS _____________________________________________________________ 1235.1.1 During the construction phase ........................................................................................... 123

of 237


5.1.2 During the operation phase ............................................................................................... 1245.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS ____________________________________________________________ 124

5.2.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts ....................... 1245.2.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation....................................................................1305.2.3 Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction andoperation phases of the project ................................................................................................................. 134

5.3 IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE RANKING ___________________________________________________ 1355.3.1 Ranking Methodology ........................................................................................................ 1355.3.2 Determination of Significant Impacts during the Project Construction.............................. 1365.3.3 Determination of Major Impacts during Project Operation ............................................... 136

6 ALTERNATIVES ____________________________________________________________________ 138

6.1 THE “NO ACTION” ALTERNATIVE ___________________________________________________ 1386.2 PIPELINE INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES _____________________________________ 138

6.2.1 Trenchless Technologies..................................................................................................... 1386.2.2 Open-Cut Method............................................................................................................... 139

6.3 ROUTING ALTERNATIVES _________________________________________________________ 139

7 MITIGATION MEASURES ____________________________________________________________ 141

7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________________ 1417.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust Emissions ............................................................ 1417.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions...................................................... 1417.1.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Solid, Construction and Hazardous WasteGeneration 1427.1.4 Damage to Existing Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 1437.1.5 Noise...................................................................................................................................1447.1.6 Management of Traffic Disruptions ................................................................................... 1447.1.7 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water Bodies/Wastewater generation .............. 1457.1.8 Management of Accidental Spills or Releases....................................................................1457.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety......................................................................................... 1467.1.10 Land Use............................................................................................................................. 1467.1.11 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents ............................................................... 1467.1.12 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage ..................................................................1467.1.13 Mitigation Measures for the Ecological Impacts................................................................ 1477.1.14 Management of Street Restoration after asphalt breaking ............................................... 1477.1.15 Management of Community health and safety .................................................................1477.1.16 Management of grievances (Environmental and Social Grievance RedressMechanisms) 148

7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ____________________________ 1517.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents ............................................................... 1517.2.2 Energy Use.......................................................................................................................... 1537.2.3 Community health and safety ............................................................................................ 153

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ______________________________ 154

8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESM&MP ____________________________________________________ 1548.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION ______________________________________ 154

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing Agency...................................... 1558.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing Agency.................................................... 158

8.3 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________ 1608.3.1 Management of Air Quality................................................................................................ 1608.3.2 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation ........................... 1608.3.3 Management of Land Use ..................................................................................................160

of 237


8.3.4 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing Infrastructure ........................... 1618.3.5 Management of Noise Production ..................................................................................... 1618.3.6 Management of Traffic Congestion ................................................................................... 1618.3.7 Management for Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................ 1618.3.8 Management of Water Use/Wastewater Generation ....................................................... 1618.3.9 Monitoring Activities Table ................................................................................................ 161

8.4 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE OPERATION PHASE ____________________ 1818.4.1 Management of Hazards and Accidents ............................................................................ 1818.4.2 Monitoring Activities Table ................................................................................................ 182

9 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION _______________________________ 185

9.1 DEFINING RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS _________________________________________________ 1859.2 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY AND ACTIVITIES ________________________________________ 1879.3 SCOPING SESSION EVENT _________________________________________________________ 1889.4 SCOPING SESSION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES _____________________________________________ 1949.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION EVENT _____________________________________________________ 1979.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES _________________________________________ 202

REFERENCES______________________________________________________________________________ 204

ANNEXES ________________________________________________________________________________ 206

ANNEX 1: PIPELINE ROUTE MAP _______________________________________________________________ 206ANNEX 2: GOVERNMENTAL APPROVALS __________________________________________________________ 207ANNEX 3: TIMELINE PLAN OF THE PROJECT ________________________________________________________ 208ANNEX 4: BASELINE MEASUREMENTS ____________________________________________________________ 210ANNEX 5: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN __________________________________________________________ 211ANNEX 6: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ______________________________________________________ 212ANNEX 7: GRIEVANCE FORM __________________________________________________________________ 213ANNEX 8: SCOPING SESSION PARTICIPANTS LIST _____________________________________________________ 214ANNEX 9: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS LIST _________________________________________________ 218ANNEX 10: PRESSURE REDUCTION STATION AT NEW CAPITAL POWER STATION________________________________ 221ANNEX 11: APPLYING THE RATING MATRIX METHOD TO ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THECONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASES _________________________________________________________ 222ANNEX 13: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION__________________________________ 230ANNEX 14: EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS CALCULATIONS __________________________________________________ 231ANNEX 15: HSE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE FOR OIL SPILL _____________________________________________ 236

of 237


List of TablesTable 1 - Environmental Impact Rating Summary .................................................................. 6

Table 2 - Mitigation Measures and supervision responsibility during operation andconstruction phases ...................................................................................................................... 9

Table 3 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during operation and constructionphases............................................................................................................................................ 20

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project ...................................................................46

Table 2-1 - List of equipment that shall be used during construction ................................ 53

Table 2-2 -General natural gas composition of the national network.................................65

Table 2-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCO.................................................................66

Table 3-1 - Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the ExecutiveRegulations amended in 2012) ..................................................................................................72

Table 3-2 - Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 .....................................................................73

Table 3-3 -Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel(Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ............................. 73

Table 3-4 -Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel(Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ............................. 73

Table 3-5 - Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7of the Executive Regulations, Table 3) .................................................................................... 74

Table 3-6 -standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewagesystem (Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962) ......................................................................76

Table 3-7- Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7of the Executive Regulations) ...................................................................................................77

Table 3-8 - Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 ofExecutive Regulations) ............................................................................................................... 78

Table 3-9 - World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to theproject ...........................................................................................................................................80

Table 3-10 - Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards 82

Table 3-11 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality ............. 84

Table 3-12 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system............................... 84

Table 3-13 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise...........85

Table 3-14 - Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements ................. 86

Table 3-15 - Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WBrequirements ................................................................................................................................ 86

of 237


Table 4-1 - Monthly Mean Values of Temperature ............................................................... 97

Table 4-2 - Monthly Mean Values of Relative Humidity in Suez ........................................97

Table 4-3 - Monthly Mean Values of Amount Precipitation................................................ 98

Table 4-4 - Monthly Mean Values of Wind Speed.................................................................99

Table 4-5 - Characteristics of Suez/Hurghada Road...........................................................104

Table 4-6 - Annual Average Concentrations of NO2 and SO2 at Suez Governorate ...107

Table 4-7 - Air Measurements’ Location ...............................................................................108

Table 4-8 – One hour average results (µg/m3) ....................................................................109

Table 4-9 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at day .............................................................109

Table 4-10 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at night ........................................................110

Table 4-11 - Red List Species of Egypt..................................................................................112

Table 4-12 - Common Bird Species in Suez Governorate..................................................116

Table 4-13 - Common Mammal Species in Suez Governorate..........................................118

Table 5-1 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts.............................135

Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction phase .....162

Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction.............................................171

Table 8-3 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during operation phase...........183

Table 8-4 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan During Operation Phase.....................................................................................................................................................184

Table 9-1 - Main stakeholders identified for the ..................................................................186

Table 9-2 - Distribution of Participants by Profession .......................................................190

Table 9-3 - Key comments and concerns raised during the Scooping SessionConsultations .............................................................................................................................192

Table 9-4 - Distribution of Participants by profession........................................................198

of 237


List of FiguresFigure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline .......................................45

Figure 2-1 -Sumed pipeline location and route.......................................................................47

Figure 2-2 - Stormwater Drain area.......................................................................................... 48

Figure 2-3 - The area designated for valve room ...................................................................49

Figure 2-4 - The route extending 4 kms at mostly desert areas ...........................................49

Figure 2-5 - The line extends within the Sumed pipeline land............................................. 50

Figure 2-6 - Sumed Land Sign at the location of the route .................................................. 51

Figure 2-7 - Ditching in various types of soils ........................................................................56

Figure 2-8 -Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable abovethe proposed NG pipeline .........................................................................................................58

Figure 2-9 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable belowthe proposed NG pipeline .........................................................................................................59

Figure 2-10 - Auger Boring........................................................................................................63

Figure 2-11 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique..................................................... 64

Figure 2-12 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique ............................................................ 64

Figure 2-13 -Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique ...................................................... 65

Figure 4-1 - Location Map.........................................................................................................88

Figure 4-2 - Location 1 Some flora and grass on site ............................................................ 89

Figure 4-3 - Location 2: the port wharf ................................................................................... 89

Figure 4-4 - Location 3: the Power Plant near the site (outside Sumed borders).............. 90

Figure 4-5 - Location 4: The Valve room................................................................................ 90

Figure 4-6 - Suez Governorate location .................................................................................. 91

Figure 4-7 - Surface Geologic Map of the Central Eastern Margin of Suez ...................... 93

Figure 4-8 - Topography of the surrounding area..................................................................95

Figure 4-9 - Soil classification....................................................................................................96

Figure 4-10 - Wind rose for Suez region ...............................................................................101

Figure 4-11 - Suez Gulf Cracks’ location...............................................................................101

Figure 4-12 - Epicenter location in Egypt .............................................................................102

Figure 4-13 - Main drainage basins in the region .................................................................103

Figure 4-14 - Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for Suez / Zaafrana Road during(2000 – 2007) .............................................................................................................................104

of 237


Figure 4-15 - SO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements......105

Figure 4-16 -NO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements......106

Figure4-17 -PM10 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements ......106

Figure4-18 - TSP (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements ......107

Figure 4-19 - Air Measurement Location (Salah Nassim School)......................................108

Figure 4-20 - changes in Suez gulf water levels throughout the year ................................111

Figure 4-21 - Main routes for migratory birds ......................................................................112

Figure4-22 - Left: Bubulcus ibis, Right: Clanga clanga........................................................117

Figure 4-23 - Important Bird Areas of Egypt .......................................................................117

Figure 4-24 - House Crow .......................................................................................................118

Figure 4-25 - Left: Lepus capensis, Right: Vulpus vulpus...................................................119

Figure 4-26 - Top Left: Juncus Rigidus, Top right: Archrocnemum Macrostachyum,Bottom: Nitraria Retusa ...........................................................................................................121

Figure 4-27 - Protected Areas of Egypt.................................................................................122

Figure 7-1 Grievance Form .....................................................................................................151

Figure 8-1 – Site Project Management Structure in GASCO.............................................154

Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power............................................156

Figure 8-3 - GASCO HSE Organizational Chart.................................................................157

Figure 9-1 - EGAS Assistant Vice President introducing the public consultation session.....................................................................................................................................................187

Figure 9-2 - Presenting the routes of the gas pipelines .......................................................188

Figure 9-3- Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper...................................189

Figure 9-4 - The speakers panel during the scoping session ..............................................191

Figure 9-5 - the panel................................................................................................................192

Figure 9-6 - Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud presents the project.................................................192

Figure 9-7 - Social impact assessment....................................................................................192

Figure 9-8 - Participants ...........................................................................................................192

Figure 9-9 - Female participations ..........................................................................................192

Figure 9-10 - Community leaders ...........................................................................................192

Figure 9-11 – News about Scoping session in Youm 7 newspaper...................................195

Figure 9-12 - News about Scoping session in AlWatan newspaper ..................................196

of 237


Figure 9-13 - Public Consultation Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper.....................................................................................................................................................197

Figure 9-14 - Speakers Panel ...................................................................................................199

Figure 9-15 - Participants of the session................................................................................199

Figure 9-16 - Presentation of the environmental expert .....................................................199

Figure 9-17 - Discussions from the participants ..................................................................199

Figure 9-18 - News about Public Consultation session in Almal website ........................202

Figure 9-19 - News about Public Consultation session in Sadaelseed website ................203

of 237


List of AbbreviationsAADT Average Annual Daily Traffic

ANSI American National Standards Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

BP Bank Procedure

CAA Competent Administrative Authority

dB Decibel

EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company

EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation

EHS Environmental Health and Safety

EM Environmental Management

EMS Environmental Management System

EMU Environmental Management Unit

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

GARBLT General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport

GASCO The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

of 237


HC Hydrocarbons

HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling

HSE Health and Safety Environment

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IFC International Finance Corporation

ILO International Labor Organization

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature

LAeq Equivalent noise level; the average acoustic pressure at the level ofmeasurement

LCpeak Peak sound pressure level

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MMSCMD Million Metric Standard Cubic Meters per Day

NGO Non-governmental Organization

OP Operational Policy

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

PM Particulate Matter

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

R.O.W Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

of 237


SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

TSP Total Suspended Particles

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WB World Bank

of 237


1 Introduction1.1 Background

The current Egyptian strategy is to increase the amount of electricity generation in powerplants to meet the increasing demand in the residential and industrial sector. Most of theplanned power plants operate using fossil fuels, and it is the country’s role to determinethe type and source of fuel to be used.

Compared to other fossil fuels, Natural Gas is considered as a cleaner fossil fuel.Additionally, after the new successful gas explorations in the Mediterranean, Egypt isexpecting the abundance of natural gas to be used for the different sectors includingpower generation. Therefore, Natural Gas was selected as the main fuel for most of thepower plants throughout the country.

The main entity responsible for the management of the natural gas in Egypt is theMinistry of Petroleum. The Ministry’s responsibility starts with the excavation projectsfor new fields and continues with the discovery, processing, transportation and deliveryof gas to the different users (residential, industrial and power production sectors) withthe aim of satisfying the local requirements of natural gas. Egyptian Natural GasCompany (GASCO) was established in March 1997 with its main mission is natural gastransmission & Distribution according to the plan of the Ministry of Petroleum.

One of the projects implemented to support the generation of electricity in Egypt is theEG-Giza North Power Project, which is financed by the World Bank. The aim of theproject is to contribute to improving the security and efficiency of electricity supply byadding a new generation capacity based on the most efficient thermal power generationcapacity. To achieve this objective, the project has three main components:

Component 1: The Power Plant Component, which is the construction of 2250MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant;

Component 2: The Construction of transmission lines to connect the powerplant to the national grid

Component 3: The construction of gas pipeline to strengthen the gas supplynetwork to ensure gas supply to the power plant.

After the completion of the procurement of all the packages financed by the Bank, therewere financial savings available as part of the project to be utilized by the Governmentof Egypt.

of 237


The World Bank received formal request from the Government of Egypt to utilize thesavings from the Giza North Power Plant project to procure pipelines required forupgrading the Natural Gas pipeline network to enable the connection to new andexisting power plants. The proposed pipelines will also be implemented by GASCO andare composed of 9 pipelines, namely:

1. New Capital - Dahshour gas pipeline (70 km)2. Dahshour – El Wasta gas pipeline (65 km)3. El Wasta – Beni Suef gas pipeline (65 km) + gas decompression station (in Beni

Suef Power Station)4. Sixth of October Power Station (400 meters) + gas decompression station (in 6th

of October power station)5. El Gamel – Damietta gas pipeline (50 km)6. El Suez Power Station (3 km) + gas decomposition station (in Suez Thermal

Power Station)7. Sumed import gas pipeline (4 km)8. El Mahmoudiya Power Station (27 km + 17 km + 7 km) + gas decompression

station (in Mahmoudiya Power Station)9. Damanhour Power Station (2.5 km) + gas decompression station (in Damanhour

Power Station)GASCO has prepared an updated ESIA for the gas pipeline which addressed the generalimpacts which are expected from the construction and operation of all the gas pipelines.The updated ESIA required that a site specific ESIA including a site specific ESMPshould be prepared to provide detailed assessment, mitigation measures and monitoringactivities along the subject route. The updated ESIA was disclosed in Egypt andinternationally on the World Bank infoshop on February 2016.

This ESIA is studying the environmental and social impacts of Sumid gas pipeline.

1.2 Project Overview

The focus of this study is the –Sumed Import pipeline, which is one of the 9 pipelinesproposed to be implemented by GASCO. The aim of this pipeline is to expand thenetwork and support the connection to New Capital power plant.

The planned path will mainly pass through desert areas inside the Sumed petroleumpipeline land, which only contains the Sumed pipeline and has no other use; therefore,the pipeline is not expected to cause disruptions to sites of general cultural or ecologicalimportance along the path.

of 237


The construction and laying down of the pipeline is usually done through diggingtrenches, except in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where theHorizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology will be used. The project will alsoinclude a new valve room, as well as the extension of the existing one.

EcoConServ has been awarded the consultancy service for the preparation of anEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including a Resettlement ActionPlan (RAP) for the project of Sumed pipeline. The ESIA examines the potentialenvironmental and social impacts expected from the proposed project activities on thesurrounding areas, and the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure theelimination or reduction of any possible adverse effects.

1.3 Study Approach and Methodology

1.3.1 Approach to the StudyThe ESIA is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the EgyptianEnvironmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) for the Environmental Impact Assessmentstudies for the oil and gas sector projects, and the relevant World Bank (WB)Environmental and Social Safeguard operational policies and the Environmental Healthand Safety guidelines.

1.3.2 Study MethodologyThe study preparation is done according the following methodology:

Obtaining the information and documents available regarding the project andfamiliarization with the project objectives.

Conduct site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding thecurrent environmental and social situation.

Holding a Scoping Session (first public consultation) to engage the communityand different stakeholders in the process of the identification of theenvironmental and social aspects that should be taken into consideration duringthe study preparation.

Reviewing the relevant national and international legislation and regulationsrelevant to the scope of the project.

Assess the potential environmental and social impacts associated with proposedproject activities.

Develop a screening criteria for the characterization of the potential impacts andidentifying the most important environmental and social impacts

Analyzing the project alternatives with the potential of minimizing theenvironmental health and safety risks.

of 237


Proposing mitigation measures for the expected environmental and socialimpacts of the project.

Preparing an environmental and social management plan for the mitigation ofthe potential negative impacts and monitoring the compliance with the relevantenvironmental laws.

Holding the Second and final public consultation session to present the findingsof the study to the community and stakeholders, and assess their perception ofthe project and any concerns or issues raised during the session.

Production of comprehensive ESIA and RPF studies

1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology

1.3.3.1 Data concerning the path and surrounding areasThe data required for the report preparation were gathered through meetings withGASCO detailing the route path and crossings, in addition to the engineering details ofthe pipeline lines, construction and operation activities, and governmental approvals.Other project-specific data were gathered from the site visit conducted to inspect theland use in the areas surrounding the pipeline route. The site visit was conducted in away to cover as much area as possible along the pipeline path designed by GASCO,through moving on the roads adjacent to the path whenever possible.

A preliminary desk review and study of the maps with the designed pipeline path wascarried out to identify the potential sensitive receptors around the project site, andduring the visit, the sensitive receptors were confirmed and the baseline measurements(Air quality and noise) were conducted. Also, during the site visits, the study team hadseveral stops to photograph areas of importance around the proposed pipeline locationsand identify the different flora and fauna species which will potentially be affected by theproject implantation.

Data concerning the meteorological conditions, soil topography and geology as well assurface water availability and quality were collected through desk review of recent studiesconducted in the area of the path. Additionally data concerning sea tide and rise as wellas earthquakes history were also collected when relevant.

1.3.3.1 Social Project-related DataEcoConServ has adopted a multistage analysis strategy, several data collection methodsand tools were applied using the Participatory Rapid Appraisal approach. This approach

of 237


ensures that local community groups participated to the study. Data was collected incoordination with relevant stakeholders including local administration units and the localNGO’s.

The consultant has also reviewed relevant secondary data sources such as: studies,reports and previous literature. The research team has conducted several field visits toassess the baseline conditions.

A number of qualitative data collection tools were applied to ensure different communitygroups participated to the study. The applied methodology in the social impactassessment can be summarized as follows:

Figure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline

1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations

Stakeholder’s analysis is one of the tools that helped the consultant identify relevantgroups of stakeholders and their interest in the project as which may facilitate differentproject activities. Stakeholder’s analysis is an important tool at the initial stages of theproject which might contribute to define and mitigate several negative impacts at an earlystage. Stakeholder’s can help enhance the social benefits related to the project at the localcommunity level.

12 interviewsSuez GovernorateSecertary GeneralEnvironmentdepartmentRoads DepartmentSumid CompanySuez PetroleumProcessing CompanyResidence

Government entities

15 Interviews withlocal communitymembers (residents ofSuez PetroleumProcessing Company)

Local Community

Interviews withGASCO staff

GASCO

of 237


Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the projectStakeholders group Roles

GASCO Is the owner of the project, the main government authorityconcerned with supervising the project activities andimplementation of the project.

EEAA Is the authority responsible for approving the ESIA studyas part of the implementation requirements.

EEAA –Suez RegionalOffice

Environment department is responsible for monitoring theimplementation of ESMP.

Governoratedepartments

Are responsible for providing and financing infrastructureservices at local areas. They are also able to coordinateamong different development projects and initiatives.Ensure the street restoration after excavation

Suez EnvironmentCommittee

The main stakeholders, they have the experience and theknowledge and they have a strong impact on the localcommunity as well as existing commercial entities in Suez.

Beneficiaries (SumedPetroleum Company)

Are the main beneficiaries from the project, may be subjectto some positive/negative impacts. They play a significantrole in project success and sustainability.

of 237


2 Project Description2.1 Project BackgroundThe proposed project is as an integral part of the country's energy strategy which callsfor greater use of natural gas. This initiative will contribute to achieving the governmentplan for extending natural gas usage to help meet the increasing demand in theresidential and power sectors. This project will have a significant role in deliveringnatural gas to New Capital Power Plant.

2.2 Project Components

2.2.1 Pipeline RouteThe pipeline is located at the southern zone of El Suez governorate at El-Ein El-Sokhna.The route starts from an existing room which lies at south side of Sumed port. Then theroute extends 2 km towards North-East parallel to el Suez Gulf coast then it continuesto extend west 2 km till it reaches Sumed valve room which will be established with totallength of 4 km. The figure below shows the pipeline location and route. In total, there isonly one main crossing with a storm water drain. Along the whole route, the pipeline willbe located underground. The technical details of the pipeline and valve room will bepresented in the following sub-sections.

Figure 2-1 -Sumed pipeline location and route

of 237


2.2.2 Sensitive ReceptorsThe following figures present the main landmarks observed during the site visitsconducted by the study team. In addition, the main sensitive receptors in the pipelineroute were highlighted during the site visits, and also presented in the figures below.

Figure 2-2 - Stormwater Drain area

of 237


Figure 2-3 - The area designated for valve room

Figure 2-4 - The route extending 4 kms at mostly desert areas

of 237


Figure 2-5 - The line extends within the Sumed pipeline land

of 237


Figure 2-6 - Sumed Land Sign at the location of the route

2.2.3 Pipeline Specifications Length: 4 km Diameter: 32” Pipeline thickness:

o Class 4: 0.750”o Above pipe rack: 0.812”

Material: APL 5L X 60 Maximum operating pressure: 70 bar Pipeline capacity: 28.1 MMSCMD

2.2.4 Pipeline Design ConsiderationsThe pipeline shall be designed, constructed and tested in general accordance with ASMEB31.8 along with the other relevant codes and standards adopted by GASCO in itsdesigns in addition to any other additional local regulations. Thus, it will be free fromsignificant defects. The following standards will be followed:

The pipeline should be protected against rust and corrosion.

of 237


The pipeline should be protected against external trespass. The pipeline should not be adversely influenced by ground movement, as a result

of natural or human activities. Modification, maintenance and repair of the pipeline should be carried out in

such a way that doesn’t negatively affect its safety measures.

In addition, the following codes and standards will be followed for the design of thedifferent pipeline components

API 5L for line pipes API 6D for valves ANSI B 16.9 and MSS SP 75 for fittings ANSI B 16.5 and MSS SP 44 for flanges ASME B 31.8 and GASCO local regulations for construction and pipeline

design.

Moreover, the pipeline design takes into consideration the location class of the pipelinesaccording to the population density along the pipeline route will be shown later in thischapter. The location class is also used to determine the patrolling activity to beconducted on the site.

2.2.5 Valve RoomValve rooms will be constructed so as to control the flow of the natural gas through thepipeline. Such control can be applied by changing the percentage opening of the valves,or by changing the path of the natural gas by operating the bypass valves. The maintechnical data of the valve rooms are:

Number of Valve Rooms: 2o Expansion of Sumed Room: 25 m * 45 mo Room 2: 25 m * 45 m

Operation conditions: temperature varies between 25°C-41°C

2.3 Activities of Construction PhaseConstruction will be carried out by qualified and approved contractors under thesupervisions and monitoring of GASCO. The work will broadly be split into thefollowing phases:

• Right of Way activities.• Pipe transportation and storage.• Trenching.

of 237


• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings• Welding and inspection.• Coating and inspection• Wrapping of joints.• Ditching.• Installation of valves.• Tie-ins• Laying fiber-optic cables• Backfilling.• Pigging.• Hydrostatic test.• Dewatering.• Purging& commissioning.• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and

electric components).

The following table shows the types of equipment to be used in the construction phase.The exact number of equipment used will be specified by the contractor during theconstruction phase.

Table 2-1 - List of equipment that shall be used during constructionEquipment

Double Cabin Car

Double Cabin Car 4*4

Pick Up

Bus (26 Persons)

Puller

Generator 200-250 K.V

Crane 50 Ton.

Side Boom D8

Pipe welder

of 237


Equipment

Pipe Carrier

Welding Machine

Low Bed

Water Tank Car

Solar Tank Car

Agriculture Excavator

Truck

Excavator

Loader

Bulldozer D8

Trailer

Compressor

Sand Plaster

Cement Mixer

Boom Excavator

Ambulance

Equipment carrier

2.3.1 Right of Way ActivitiesGASCO will manage its access for the Right of Way (R.O.W) through governmentalpermits from the relevant ministries/organizations. Annex 2 presents a copy of some ofthe local permits obtained so far. The contractor will then implement the R.O.Wactivities to clear any obstacles that may interrupt the excavation activities. Thecontractor will be keen to avoid unnecessary damage to crops or neighbor buildings

of 237


during R.O.W, and he will be responsible for compensating any damages. The contractorshall also use warning signs in the work area to protect persons, automotivevehicles…etc.

No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed and is under operation.Although some restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the RoW (2*2 m inurban areas and 6*2 meters in rural areas from the center of the pipeline).

2.3.2 DitchingBefore any excavation activities, the contractor shall coordinate with the differentauthorities to determine the existing infrastructure in the project’s area (e.g. water lines,sewage lines, electrical cables and telecommunication lines)so as to avoid any unduedamage. In case of lacking sufficient information on the available infrastructure, thecontractor will carefully excavate a trial pit.

In case of the asphalt roads, an excavator will be used to remove the asphalt layers. Thecontractor shall excavate the trench in which the pipeline is to be laid with the followingdimensions with a possibility of having 10% excess where required by works in someareas

Depth to the pipe top elevation below the general ground levelo 1 m for all land types other than rocky landso 0.7 m for rocky lands.

Width of trencho Pipe outside diameter “with coating” + 0.4 m

Angle of trencho Rocky area- vertically cuto Compacted soil - 40° to verticalo Running soil - 70° to vertical

The following figure illustrates how to dig trenches for various types of soils. The ditchbottom shall be uniformly and carefully graded and be free from coarse rocks solidobjects which could negatively affect the pipeline coating. Due to its criticality, qualitycontrol checks will be applied from GASCO and the contractor for this issue.

of 237


Figure 2-7 - Ditching in various types of soils

of 237


At locations with irregular ground elevations, additional excavation may be applied toavoid undue bending of the pipe. In addition, and in case of having crossing with otherunderground infrastructure lines/cables, the trench shall be deepened so that the pipelinebe installed below or above the existing lines/cables in accordance with the followingfigures.

of 237


Figure 2-8 -Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable above the proposed NG pipeline

of 237


Figure 2-9 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable below the proposed NG pipeline

of 237


2.3.3 Pipe Laying and Trench BackfillingAfter ditching, the pipes can be laid in the trench. The pipes “originally coated withpolyethylene” are generally stored and stacked in a devoted area in a way that ensures theirprotection from any effects that may damage the pipes or their coatings. In addition, thecontractor will set quality control procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes forthe same reason. The pipes are welded together, and a quality control test using x-rays will beapplied to ensure the welding effectiveness. In addition, the uncoated parts of the pipes (at theend parts to be welded) are coated on site, and the coating layer is tested using a “holiday test”before starting the pipeline laying. Such tests will be implemented by the contractor and re-checked by GASCO.

As discussed above, the bottom of the trench is cleaned of any rocks or solid objects which maydamage the pipeline. In addition, the trench shall be laid on a fine sieved sand layer of aminimum depth of 20 cm. Wide nonabrasive belts will be used while lowering the pipeline to thetrench, and the contractor will carefully remove the belts from around the coated pipes. In caseof any damage caused to the pipes’ coating during the lowering operation, the contractor willrepair such damage before laying the pipe in the ditch. The pipeline lowering shall be undertakenin the presence of GASCO representatives.

The trench shall be backfilled within 48 hours after lowering the pipeline. As was the case withthe layer below the pipeline, the initial backfill will be to a minimum height 20 cm. of fine sievedsand to protect the pipeline. The backfill will be then compacted by wet sand layers of 15 cmthickness, so that the total height is not less than 20 cm above the adjacent ground level.

On the other hand, and in case of the trenches being dug in roads, backfilling shall be carried outimmediately after the pipeline has been laid in the same technique shown above. The maindifference is that the finished backfilling level will be the same as the road level. After that, thecontractor will work on restoring the road surface to its original status. In all cases, cathodicprotection system will be applied to the pipeline and valves. Appropriate signage and communitysafety measures will be in place in addition to covering or safeguarding any open trenches thatare not promptly filled.

2.3.4 Hydrostatic TestingTo ensure that the pipeline can withstand pressures high than the operating natural gas pipeline,the natural gas flow will not be started before applying the hydrostatic pressure test. The test isconducted by introducing pressurized water into the pipeline (150% of operating pressure) for24 hours and checking whether there are any pressure losses. This will be detected by thepressure recording instrument connected to the pipeline during the test.

The water used in the test shall be clean fresh water and free from any substance which may beharmful to pipe material (including high levels of salinity). The water to be used in thehydrostatic test of this project will be sourced from water trucks. A filter of sufficient capacity

of 237


shall be accordingly installed between the water source and the suction side of the pump side ofthe pump. Hydrostatic testing must be followed by dewatering and gauging.

Before introducing the water, A 'bi-directional pig' is placed in the beginning of the pipeline.Then the pipeline is filled with fresh clean water, where the 'bi-directional pig' will be is movingin the entering water direction, and comes out from the other side guaranteeing that there are noair pockets inside the pipeline. After raising the water’s pressure, and ensuring the test’s success,another 'bi-directional pig' is introduced to discharge the water as shown in the following section.

2.3.5 Dewatering

The 'bi-directional pig' used will be based on foam or rubber. Pigs will continue operation untilthere is no evidence of having water in the pipeline as determined by the tests. Such tests shallinclude either the calculation of the gain in weight of the pig or measuring of the dew point ofthe compressed air entering and exiting the pipe line.

2.3.6 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric PiggingTo ensure that the pipeline is free of any solid materials which may cause erosion to the pipeline,pipeline cleaning should be conducted using ‘pigging’ technique. A series of magnetic cleaningpigs will be run until the pipeline is judged by the company to be free of magnetic debris. Afterthat, the contractor will run a geometric pig. After a successful run by the geometric pig, thepipeline will be left with positive pressure of at least 2 bar using either dry air or dry nitrogen asdetermined by the company so as to discharge any metallic components still present. Theresulting solid waste from the pigging operation will be disposed by applying GASCO’s specificsolid waste management procedure.

2.3.7 Purging and CommissioningBefore starting the flow of Natural gas, the pipeline will be purged by flushing with dry nitrogenat ambient temperature to ensure that no operational problems arise from air or water left in thepipeline. The pressure of Nitrogen is gradually increased till it reaches the operating pressure,and then the operation starts by replacing the Nitrogen with Natural gas.

2.3.8 Pipeline CrossingsTo install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging atrench or using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified asguided methods and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in eachcategory (which are generally employed by GASCO) will be considered; namely, horizontaldirectional drilling (HDD) representing the guided trenchless technology, auger boringrepresenting the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut representing the trenchtechnology.

The open cut method is usually used in small internal roads, where normal excavation takesplace. It can be also applied in case of having long agricultural or desert roads where auger

of 237


boring and HDD are not possible. This is a simple technique which usually takes between 1 and2 days, and require road narrowing or diverting. For bigger branched roads, auger boringexcavation technique is usually applied. This technique requires more excavation depths (about5-6 meters). This is a bit more complex technique compared to the open-cut technology;however, it also takes between 1 and 2 days, and may require road narrowing or diverting. Onthe other hand, where the pipelines cross main roads, orhuge water bodies, HDD is usuallyapplied. HDD is a trenchless methodology that use high excavation depths (about 30-40 meters)and can be used for high pipeline length. HDD provides a number of benefits compared to theother traditional technologies. These benefits include having very little disruption to traffic asroad narrowing or diverting are not required, in addition to the smaller work area requirements.However, HDD suffer from two main disadvantages which are the long time required (about 2weeks), and the high cost compared to the conventional technologies. HDD pipelineinstallations have been widely used in the previous period in GASCO projects, and it isconsidered the fastest growing trenchless construction method today

The following sub-sections present a technical background about the auger boring and HDDtechnologies.

2.3.8.1 Auger BoringThe horizontal auger boring trenchless technique involves equipment like auger boring machine,auger, and cutting head. This technique also requires the excavation of a drilling pit and areceiving pit. The process starts by lowering the auger boring machine into the drilling pit, andthen the augers installed inside the casing pipe are lowered into the pit and connected to theauger boring machine. The boring operation then starts by rotating the augers and the cuttinghead, and pushing the casing pipe gradually forward. This process continues till the casing pipeemerges from the receiving pit side. The boring process results in cuttings (spoil) which is carriedthrough the augers and extracted from the entry side of the boring machine.

The process is mainly unguided, and accordingly operator skill is critical. The degree ofcontrolling the horizontal alignment is usually low. Enough working space is required both in thedrilling and receiving pits for the equipment and the crew movement. The technique is suitablefor wide range of solids; however, non-cohesive soils and boulders cause some difficulties.

of 237


Figure 2-10 - Auger Boring

2.3.8.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling

As shown in Figure 2-11, Figure 2-12, and Figure 2-13, the HDD technique can be classified tothree stages as follows:Stage 1: Pilot hole drilling

Stage 2: Pre-Reaming

Stage 3: Pipeline Pullback

Before starting the drilling activities, a topographic survey is conducted to the proposedexcavation site. This survey aims to determine the soil conditions at the different depths, andaccordingly determine a drill path including the entry and exit points. After that, the first stagestarts by drilling a pilot hole through the studied drill path centerline. The drilling machineusually sets on the surface, and the drill string enters the ground at an angle between 5 and 20degrees. The bore path is usually adjusted to be of gradual curvature to match with the allowablebend radius of the pipeline and minimize friction. The bore path is monitored by devicesmounted to the drill string. Signals are directed to the operators on the surface so as to direct thedrill path accordingly. Usually, a drilling slurry is pumped in the bore path so as to lubricate,clean and cool the cutting heads, transport the cuttings to the surface, and stabilize the hole

of 237


against collapse. The slurries are usually bentonite based, and the slurry associated with cuttingsis pumped to a settling pit where the slurry is separated from the cuttings and recycled.

After the plot hole drilling step, a back-reamer attached to the end of the drill string is pulledback through the path to enlarge the hole. This step can be repeated more than once till the holediameter becomes about 50% larger than the required pipeline diameter to minimize friction orbending of the pipeline. As the reamer goes back and forth, this is called “pre-reaming. Afterthat, the pipeline is connected to the back-reamer and pulled back through the drill path.

Figure 2-11 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique

Figure 2-12 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique

of 237


Figure 2-13 -Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique

2.3.9 Construction work in the valve roomThe construction of the valve room includes some structural work (reinforced concreteinstallation) in addition to the electromechanical components and the commissioning activities.

2.4 Activities of Operational PhaseSuch kinds of projects do not include much operational activities while the natural gas flowsthrough the pipeline. The following table presents the general natural gas composition of thenational network. The main activities are the monitoring of the pipeline and the routine checkingfor the occurrence of gas leaks. The following sub-sections presents more details about theseactivities.

Table 2-2 -General natural gas composition of the national networkComponent/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Nitrogen 0.6183 0.6653 Mole%

Methane 79.8207 88.0622 Mole%

Carbon Dioxide 5.8996 5.4793 Mole%

Ethane 8.5755 4.9468 Mole%

Propane 3.4219 0.6918 Mole%

of 237


Component/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Iso Butane 0.5244 0.0602 Mole%

N-Butane 0.7855 0.0758 Mole%

Neo Pentane 0 0 Mole%

Iso Pentane 0.144 0.0086 Mole%

N-Pentane 0.1138 0.0061 Mole%

Hexanes and Heavier 0.0963 0.0039 Mole%

Gross Heating Value At 60F and 1 atm

1101.6298 999.5827 Btu/ft3

2.4.1 Pipeline PatrollingPipeline patrolling is carried out in order to identify activities (e.g. construction activities nearby)or actions (e.g. trespass) that could damage the pipeline, and accordingly cause safety problemsthat may reach to explosion. Patrolling also identifies areas of concern such as land slippage etc.in the general area of the pipeline that could cause subsequent problems. Written reportsshowing the results of the pipeline patrolling is reported to the sector office. Along the wholepipeline route, 1 pipeline class makes up the path of the pipeline which is class 4 (above the piperack). The frequency of the patrol will vary for differing areas according to the location class asshown in the following table. The number of buildings is usually accounted in a zone of200meters wide on either side of the pipeline route, and in section of 1 km lengthwise. As thelocation class increases, the patrolling frequency increases as well.

Table 2-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCOLocation Class Number of buildings intended for Human

Occupancy

Location Class 1 10 or fewer

Location Class 2 More than 10 but fewer than 46

Location Class 3 More than 46

Location Class 4 More than 46 and including multistorey buildings and

of 237


where there may be many other utilities

2.4.2 Leakage SurveyLeakage Survey is conducted to protect the population against the effects of escaping natural gasand to early detect any damage to the pipeline or the components of the valve room. TheCathodic protection system is also inspected weekly to ensure its effectiveness. Written reportsshowing the results of the leakage survey are reported to the sector office, and in case ofdetecting any leakage, the maintenance department quickly perform the required procedures tofix the leakage source. The staff undertaking patrolling and leakage surveys must be fully trainedbefore carrying out such duties.

2.4.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System)GASCO company is working with SCADA system, which is a highly sophisticated integratedsystem used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performsremote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure, and if necessary changethe flow of natural gas by bypassing the main route. The SCADA system can also detect naturalgas leakage if a pressure drop was observed in certain pipeline. The SCADA system is connectedwith the fiber optics system installed in the pipelines.

2.5 Resources Consumption

2.5.1 During Construction Phasei) Water

Water is mainly used during the construction phase in the hydrostatic testing in addition tothe domestic uses by the workers and engineers. Water for construction and hydrostatictesting is sourced from trucks. Drinking water will be bottled. The expected amount ofwater to be used during the construction phase of this project is:

Domestic uses by the workers and engineers: 5 m3/day Construction activities: 250 m3 Hydrostatic testing : 2000 m3

ii) Fuel

Diesel fuel will be mainly used for diesel generators that supplies electricity to the difficultconstruction activities including welding. In addition, diesel will be the fuel used by thetrucks and excavators. The expected amount of diesel fuel to be used in the constructionphase of this project is 30,000 liters (100 liters/day). The fuel will be delivered to theconstruction site via trucks when needed.

of 237


2.5.2 During Operation Phasei) Electricity

The electricity consumption in the operation phase is expected to be sourced from thevalve room. The electricity consumption during the operation phase is expected to beminimal which will be mainly consumed at the control room.

2.6 Waste Generation

2.6.1 During Construction PhaseSolid waste during construction phase will comprise domestic waste, construction waste andsome hazardous wastes from the project activities. The waste is expected to include thefollowing waste streams:Hazardous wastes: Used oil waste Asphalt Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers

Non-hazardous wastes: Soil (excavated or surplus) Packaging materials Damaged products (pipes, etc.); Packing timber; Paving materials; Electrical cable off-cuts; Concrete;

2.6.2 During Operation PhaseThe pipeline operation is not expected to dispose any type of solid waste during the operationphase.

2.7 The Expected Timeline of the Project Execution Engineering Work: 15 months Procurement work: 15 months Construction work: 10 months

Duration expected for the whole project is 19 months. For activity durations andoverlapping refer to annex 3.

of 237


3 Legislative and Regulatory Framework3.1 Preface

The World Bank has defined 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that must beconsidered to its financed projects (for both and specific assessments), if applicable. Applicabilityof such policies to this project is overviewed and discussed in subsequent sections.

Egyptian legislation provides environmental compliance procedures and emission limits whichare at least comparable with WB/international requirements, if not more stringent. GASCO isbound by internal policies which obligate them to comply with national legal requirements. Inthe case that national requirements are non-existent for specific issues or pollutants, WBrequirements will be adopted.

3.2 National Administrative and Legal Framework

The following is a brief description of the different national authorities and institutions ofrelevance with respect to environmental assessments including Environmental and Social ImpactAssessments (ESIAs).

The main legal instrument dealing with environmental issues in Egypt is Law 4/1994, amendedby Law 9/2009and law 5/2015 and its Executive Regulations amended by decree1095/2011,then 710/2012 and 964/2015, commonly known as the Law on Protection of theEnvironment. The law deals mostly with the protection of the environment against pollution.Prime Ministerial Decree 631 of 1982 established the EEAA as the competent body forenvironmental matters in Egypt. Law 4 also stipulates the role of the EEAA as the mainregulatory agency for environmental matters.

According to Article 1 of Law 4, the legal entity responsible for a given project is required tocarry out an assessment of the project's potential impacts on the natural and socio-culturalenvironment before implementing that project. The findings of the assessment are submitted tothe EEAA for review and approval before other relevant governmental authorities can issuetheir permits for implementing the project.

An ESIA is required to be viewed as an integrated part of the project planning process,according to EEAA requirements. The ESIA will help to ensure that environmental concerns aretaken into account along with technical and economic considerations.

The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is an authorized state body regulatingenvironmental management issues. Egyptian laws identify three main roles of the EEAA:

It has a regulatory and coordinating role in most activities, as well as an executive rolerestricted to the management of natural protectorates and pilot projects.

of 237


The agency is responsible for formulating the environmental management (EM) policy,setting the required action plans to protect the environment. Following-up theirexecution in coordination with Competent Administrative Authorities (CAAs).

In specific to this project, EEAA is responsible for review and approve of theenvironmental impact assessment studies.

EMU (Environmental Management Unit at Governorate and District level) is responsible for theenvironmental performance of all projects/facilities within the governorates premises. Thegovernorate has established environmental management units at both the governorate andcity/district level. The EMU is responsible for the protection of the environment within thegovernorate boundaries and are mandated to undertake both environmental planning andoperation-oriented activities. The environmental management unit is mandated to:

Follow-up on the environmental performance of the projects within the governorateduring both construction and operation phases to ensure that the project abides by lawsand regulations as well as mitigation measures included in its ESIA approval.

Investigate any environmental complaint filed against projects within the governorate The EMU are affiliated administratively to the governorate, yet are technically affiliated

to EEAA. The governorate has a solid waste management unit at the governorate and district level.

The units are responsible for the supervision of solid waste management contracts.

The CAAs are the entities responsible for issuing licenses for projects construction andoperation. The ESIA is considered one of the requirements of licensing. The CAAs are thusresponsible for receiving the ESIA forms of studies, check the information included in thedocuments concerning the location, suitability of the location to the project activity and ensurethat the activity does not contradict with the surrounding activities and that the location does notcontradict with the ministerial decrees related to the activity. The CAA forwards the documentsto EEAA for review. They are the main interface with the project proponents in the ESIAsystem. The CAA is mandated to:

Provide technical assistance to Project Proponents Ensure the approval of the Project Site Receive ESIA Documents and forward it to EEAA Follow-up the implementation of the ESIA requirements during post construction field

investigation (before the operation license)

After submission of an ESIA for review, the EEAA may request revisions in the ESIA reportwithin 30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before issuing the approval of thereport. GASCO will have the right to issue an appeal within 30 days from its receipt of theEEAA’s decision. It should be noted that once the ESIA has been approved, the ESMP as willbe presented in the report, will be considered an integral part of the project; and the GASCO

of 237


will be legally responsible for the implementation of that plan, depending on their involvementin construction or operation. It is therefore worth mentioning that the GASCO must ensure thatall mitigation measures and environmental requirements described in the ESMP have beenclearly referred to in the tender documents for the construction works, the constructioncontracts, and have been respected. GASCO will follow-up on the construction contractor toensure that the ESMP is adequately implemented in the construction phase.

According to the guidelines of the ESIA preparation issued by the EEAA, projects are classifiedinto three categories according to the severity of possible environmental impacts and location ofthe establishment and its proximity to residential settlements: Category (A): projects withminimum environmental impacts, Category (B): projects with potential adverse environmentalimpacts yet less than category C, and Category (C): Projects which have highly adverse impacts.These are required to prepare a full EIA study.

Based on these categories, the proposed Natural Gas lines project is classified as “C” under theEgyptian requirements. Class C projects require full ESIAs including public consultation sessions(2 sessions were held: a scoping session and a public consultation session).

3.3 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislations in Egypt

The Egyptian environmental law covers many aspects, such as air quality, water quality, noise,solid waste management and occupational health and safety. Each of these aspects will bediscussed in details and the allowable limits for the different aspects included according toapplicability to the project.

Mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 7 of the study to ensure compliance with theselegislations.

3.3.1 Environmental Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015)

3.3.1.1 Regulations for the Protection of Air Environment from PollutionAccording to the provisions of Articles 34 through 40, 42, 43, and 47 bis in Law 4/1994amended by Law 9/2009, and Article 42, annex 5,6 in the Executive Regulations, the projectdeveloper must ensure the following:

1. The site of the project must be selected properly to suit the project activity in order toensure that the total pollution emitted by the proposed project during the constructionand operation phases will not exceed the maximum permissible limits for the pollutantsin the ambient air as listed below:

of 237


Table 3-1 - Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulationsamended in 2012)

Pollutant LocationArea

Maximum Limit[µg/m3]

1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year

Sulphur Dioxide UrbanIndustrial

300350

125150

5060

Carbon Monoxide UrbanIndustrial

30mg/m3

10mg/m3

--

--

Nitrogen Dioxide UrbanIndustrial

300300

--

150150

6080

Ozone UrbanIndustrial

180180

120120

--

--

Total Suspended Particles (TSP) UrbanIndustrial

--

--

230230

125125

Particulate Matter less than 10 µm(PM10)

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

150150

7070

Particulate Matter less than 25 µm(PM2.5)

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

8080

5050

Suspended Particles Measured asBlack Smokes

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

150150

6060

Lead UrbanIndustrial

--

--

--

0.51.0

Ammonia (NH3)Urban

Industrial--

--

120120

--

Other limits include the allowable limits for pollutants emissions in air from the different sourceswhich are detailed in annex 6 of the Executive regulations amended by decree 1095/2011,710/2012 and 964/2015. The limits relevant to the current project scope are the pollution limitfrom asphalt mixing units which will be utilized to return the roads to their original state after theproject completion, and the limits of emissions from vehicles which are shown in the followingtables.

It should be noted that as per the Annex 6 of the executive regulations; the actual pollutantconcentration from the stack is calculated at standard conditions using the following equation;

of 237


Concentration at Standard Conditions= Measured Concentration ∗ (21 − Reference Oxygen %)(21 – measured Oxygen%)∗ Measured Tempreture + 273273 ∗ 1measured atmospheric pressureTable 3-2 - Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of the

Executive Regulations amended in 2012Maximum Allowable Emissions Level (mg/m3)

Total Suspended Solids(TSP) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs)50 500 50

- Reference conditions (at 13% O2, temperature of 273 Kelvin, and 1 atm pressure).- The asphalt mixing unit should be placed at a minimum distance of 500 m from the

nearest residential area, taking into consideration the prevailing wind direction.

Table 3-3 -Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Before the year 2003 From 2003 to 2009 Year 2010 and laterPollutants Hydrocarbons

HC (ppm)CO% HC (ppm) CO% HC (ppm) CO%

MaximumallowableLimit

600 4 300 1.5 200 1.2

Measurements should be done at the idle speed from 600 to 900 rpm.

Table 3-4 -Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Manufacturing Year (model) Before the year 2003 From 2003 and laterSmoke density factor K (m-1) 2.8 2.65

Measurements are done in accordance with the ISO-11614 international standard.

3.3.1.2 NoiseArticle 42 of the environmental law states that during the construction and operation phases ofthe project, the resulting noise levels must not exceed the sound intensity levels given by Table 3of Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations when carrying out production, service or otheractivities, particularly when operating machinery and equipment or using sirens andloudspeakers. The table lists the maximum permissible noise level limits according to area type asper the following designation:

Sensitive areas to noise exposure

of 237


Residential suburbs with low traffic flow

Commercial and administrative areas in city center

Residential areas with some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational andentertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters,

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas withlight industries

Industrial Zone with heavy industries

Table 3-5 - Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area(from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3)

AREA TYPE

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLEEQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL

[dB(Aeq)]Day Night

7 AM – 10 PM 10 PM – 7 AM

Sensitive areas to noise exposure 50 40

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow 55 45

Commercial and administrative areas in city center 60 50

Residential areas with some workshops,administrative activities, or recreational andentertainment activities overlooking public roadsless than 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries

70 60

Industrial Zone with heavy industries 70 70

3.3.2 Waste Management RegulationsThe collection, transportation and safe disposal of solid wastes from houses, public places,commercial and industrial establishments is regulated through the public cleanliness law 38/1967amended by law 31/1976 and its executive regulations issued by Minister of Housing DecreeNumber 134 of 1968, as well as the environmental law 14/1994 and its executive regulations.

3.3.2.1 Public Cleanliness Law Number 38/1967Law 38 for the year 1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its Executive Regulations issued bydecree 134/1968 prohibit the dumping of solid wastes in any location other than those

of 237


designated by the municipal authorities. This includes solid waste treatment and disposal, inaddition to the temporary storage in undesignated containers. Article 1 of the Ministry ofHousing and Utilities decree 134/1968 defines solid waste as any waste generated by persons,residential units, non-residential constructions such as commercial establishments, camps, animalcages, slaughterhouses, markets, public spaces, parks, and transportation methods.

The Public Cleanliness Law and its Executive Regulations requires the municipal authorityresponsible for public cleanliness or the contracted entity assigned by it for the collection,transportation, and disposal of solid wastes, to carry out these processes in accordance with thespecifications stipulated in the Executive Regulations and any other regulations by the municipalauthority.

3.3.2.2 Environmental law 4/1994In general, the law prohibits the disposal of any solid wastes except in areas designated for thispurpose through article 37, and articles 38, 39 and 41 of the executive regulations which requirethat during excavation, construction or demolition activities, the entity undertaking the workmust take the necessary precautions to safely store and transport the resulting wastes inaccordance with the set procedure.

Regarding the hazardous wastes, and in accordance with the provisions of articles 29 to 33 of law4/1994 which is equivalent to law 9/2009 and articles 28, 31 and 33 of the executive regulations,the entity producing hazardous wastes in gaseous, liquid or solid form is committed to collectand transport the generated waste to designated disposal sites which are predetermined by thelocal authorities, the competent administrative authorities and the Egyptian EnvironmentalAffairs Agency.

The hazardous waste should be collected in specific locations with clear warning signs and oralor written instructions for safety conditions that prevent the occurrence of any damage generallyor to people who get exposed to it. Additionally, the workers should be trained on properhandling procedure.

The transportation vehicles used to transport hazardous waste should belong to licensed entitiesthat manage hazardous waste and follows the guidelines included in the executive regulations.

3.3.2.3 Hazardous waste from Petroleum sectorPetroleum and Mineral Resources ministerial decree number 1352/2007 defines the hazardouswaste materials generated from the petroleum industry, and prohibits handling of thesehazardous waste except by entities authorized by EGPC.

of 237


3.3.3 Wastewater Management Regulations

3.3.3.1 Industrial Wastewater disposal Law 93/1962The industrial wastewater disposal into the drainage systems is regulated by law 93/1962 and itsexecutive regulations amended by decree 44/2000. The law prohibits the disposal of domestic,industrial and commercial wastewater, treated or untreated, in public drainage system withoutobtaining a prior approval.

Article 14 of the executive regulations set the parameters required regarding the quality of thewastewater discharged to the public sewage network.

Table 3-6 -standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system(Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962)

Parameter Limit in the disposed wastewater(pH) 6-9.5Temperature 43BOD5 600 ppmCOD 1100 ppmTotal suspended solids 800/100lDissolved solids 10 ppmOil and grease 100 ppmTotal nitrogen 100 ppmTotal phosphorous 25 ppmcyanide(CN-) 0.02phenol 0.05 ppmDeposited materials (after 10 minutes) 8 cm3/lDeposited materials (after 30 minutes) 15 cm/lTotal heavy metals 5 mg/lChromium 6 0.5 mg/lcadmium (Cd) 0.2 mg/llead(Pb) 1 mg/lMercury(Hg) 0.2 mg/lSilver(Ag) 0.5 mgCopper(Cu) 1.5 mgNickel(Ni) 1 mg/lbioter 2 mg/lArsenic(As) 2 mg/lBoron(B) 1 mg/lMercury 0.2Nickel 0.1Silver 0.5

of 237


3.3.4 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public ConsultationConsultation with the community and concerned parties, where all the stakeholders are invited,should clearly provide attendees with the necessary information about the project. Paragraph6.4.3 of EEAA EIA guidelines provides detailed information about the scope of publicconsultation, methodology and documentation thereof Paragraph 6.4.3.1 Scope of Public Consultation Paragraph 6.4.3.2 Methodology of Public Consultation Paragraph 6.4.3.3 Documentation of the Consultation Results Paragraph 7 Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure

3.3.5 Work environment and occupational health and safetySeveral laws and decrees tackle occupational health and safety provisions at the work place, inaddition to Articles 43 – 45 of Law 4/1994, which address air quality, noise, heat stress, and theprovision of protective measures to workers. These laws and decrees apply to the work crew thatwill be involved in construction activities.

Law 12/2003 on Labor and Workforce Safety and Book V on Occupational Safety and Health(OSH) and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment. The law also deals with theprovision of protective equipment to workers and fire-fighting/emergency response plans.Moreover, the following laws and decrees should be considered:

Minister of Labor Decree 48/1967. Minister of Labor Decree 55/1983. Minister of Industry Decree 91/1985 Minister of Labor Decree 116/1991.

The environmental aspects that have to be taken in consideration for the workplace are noise,ventilation, temperature, and health and safety, which are as follows

3.3.5.1 NoiseAnnex 7 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 stipulates the permissible limits forsound intensity and safe exposure times that must be observed by the operators for the workareas and places within the proposed project.

Table 3-7- Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities(Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations)

No. Type of place and activityMaximum permissibleequivalent noise level

[dB(A)]

ExposureDuration

1. a) Work places (workshops and 90 8

of 237


industries) with up to 8 hour shifts(licensed before 2014)b) Work places (workshops andindustries) with up to 8 hour shifts(licensed since 2014)

85 8

For the first item (a, b) the exposure duration shall be decreased by half if the noise levelincreases by 3 dB (A) combined with using ear plugs. This is to avoid any impacts on the senseof hearing.

The instantaneous noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A) during working period.

The noise level is measured inside working areas and closed areas in LAeq according to theinternational guidelines (Parts 1&2) ISO 9612/ ISO 1996 or the Egyptian specifications No.2836 part 1 & 2 and No. 5525 concerning this matter.

Equivalent noise level LAeq is the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement (A)during a specific time period, and expressed in dB.

Table 3-8 - Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of ExecutiveRegulations)

Peak Noise Intensity Level[dB(A)] LcPeak

135 130 125 120 115

Number of Allowable Strikesduring Working Hours 300 1000 3000 10000 30000

The intermittent noise exposure depends on the noise level intensity presented in the previoustable (number of strikes per shift).

The hammer strikes are considered intermittent if the duration between strikes 1 second ormore. If the duration is less than 1 second, the strikes are considered continuous and the noiselevel shall comply with Table 1 of Annex 7 of the executive regulations.

3.3.5.2

3.3.6 Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988The petroleum pipelines law 4/1988 states that the owner of a property should allow the passingof pipelines transporting liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons beneath the ground surface inaccordance with the procedure mentioned in the executive regulations (Decree 292/1988).

Article 2 of the law specifies that no buildings or trees, other than agricultural land trees, shouldbe constructed or planted at a distance less than 2 m on each side of the pipeline inside urban

of 237


and 6 m on each side of the pipeline outside the urban areas. If it is necessary to place thepipelines at a closer distance than what is specified in the law, it is allowed through a decisionfrom the chairman of Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC); taking intoconsideration the necessary safety precautions.

The law also specifies that if the activities done in accordance to the law will result in damage tothe property, the owner has the right to a fair compensation to be decided by a committeeformed by a decision from the Minister of Petroleum, and the executive regulations include theguidelines for compensation estimation.

3.3.7 Traffic Related LawsThe applicable laws regarding the traffic and work done in relation to roads is governed byTraffic law 66/1973 amended by law 121/2008.The law is concerned with traffic planning duringthe construction of projects. Law 140/1956 is also concerned with the utilization and blockageof public roads, and Law 84/1968 is also concerned with public roads, including Highways, mainroads and regional roads.

The governing laws require that no works that could affect the traffic flow be undertakenwithout prior permission, and specifies that the competent administrative authority could utilizepublic ways for a fee. The executive regulations of law 140/1956 outlines the specifications forthe management of construction and demolition debris, and in general prohibits vehicle driversto cause any road pollution by dumping wastes, or construction wastes, or any other material.

3.3.8 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatoryEgypt has signed and ratified a number of international conventions that commit the country toconservation of environmental resources.

International Plant Protection Convention (Rome 1951) African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources (Algeria 1968) UNESCO Convention for the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage

(Paris, 16 November 1972) Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora

(CITES) (Washington 1973) International tropical timber (Geneva 1983) Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and

their disposal (1989) United Nations convention on climate change (New York 1992). The convention covers

measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from different sources includingtransportation.

United Nations Convention on climate change and Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto 1997) Convention on biological diversity (Rio de Janeiro 1992), which covers the conservation

of habitats, animal and plant species, and intraspecific diversity.

of 237


Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (Vienna 1985) Convention for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by

carcinogenic substances and agents (Geneva 1974) Convention for the protection of workers against occupational hazards in the working

environment due to air pollution, noise and vibration (Geneva 1977) International Labor Organization: core labor standards are to be followed during the

project implementation. Egypt has been a member state of the ILO since 1936, and hasratified 64 conventions which regulate the labor standards and work conditions. In 1988,Egypt ratified the Occupational Safety and Health Convention of 1979 (No 152).

Cultural Heritage: respecting cultural heritage and not financing projects which threatenthe integrity of sites that have a high level of protection for reasons of cultural heritage,e.g. UNESCO World Heritage sites

Consultation, Participation and Public Disclosure: The Aarhus Regulation promotestransparency of environmental information and the inclusion of stakeholders in projects.Consultation serves to identify and manage public concern at an early stage. Theregulations include provisions for the public disclosure of key project information suchas the Non-Technical Summary and the ESIA.

3.4 World Bank Safeguard PoliciesInternational funding agencies, such as the WB require that the projects they finance to be incompliance with both the country’s national standards as well as their own environmental andsocial policies. Therefore, in addition to the national regulations, the project aims at complyingwith the WB safeguard policies and guidelines. The policies help to ensure the environmentaland social soundness and sustainability of investment projects. They also support integration ofenvironmental and social aspects of projects into the decision-making process. In addition, thepolicies promote environmentally sustainable development by supporting the protection,conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats.

The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that shouldbe considered in its financed projects. The proposed project is classified as Category A accordingto the World Bank. This mandates a full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

Table 3-9 - World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the projectSafeguard Policy Triggered JustificationsEnvironmental Assessment(OP/BP 4.01)

Yes The project is classified as Category A which requiresfull environmental assessment.

Natural Habitats(OP/BP 4.04)

No Location and alignment of project components ismainly along (or close to) previously paved paths.Protected Areas, if encountered, will be avoided.

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) No Proposed project areas contain No forests.Pest Management (OP 4.09) No The proposed project will not involve purchasing or

of 237


using Pesticides or herbicides.Physical Cultural Resources(OP/BP 4.11)

No No proposed activities will pass through archeologicalsites and no cultural resources will be impacted.

Indigenous Peoples(OP/BP 4.10)

No No indigenous people are identified in Egypt.

Involuntary Resettlement(OP/BP 4.12)

No There will be no need for any involuntary landacquisition either permanent or temporary due toexcavation of the lines or the establishment of thevalve rooms.

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) No Not relevant to the proposed projectProjects on InternationalWaterways (OP/BP 7.50)

No Not relevant to the proposed project. The pipeline willpass beneath the waterways. It will not cross any waterway.

Projects in Disputed Areas(OP/BP 7.60)

No Not relevant to the proposed project

3.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental AssessmentAccording to the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, the Natural Gas Connection Project isclassified among Category A projects. Projects under this Category are likely to have significant adverseenvironmental impacts that are sensitive1, diverse, or unprecedented.Likely environmental impacts of the project shall be analyzed and mitigation measures proposed forexpected negative impacts, along with an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.

3.4.2 OP 4.09 Pest ManagementThe proposed project will not involve purchasing or using any pesticides or herbicides during theproject activities including the right of way maintenance

3.4.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural ResourcesProject areas do not include sites, buildings and monuments that fall under the definition of PhysicalCultural Resources2.

3.4.4 OP 4.12 – Involuntary ResettlementAccording to the WB’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and economicdislocation resulting from WB funded developmental projects or sub-projects should be avoidedor minimized as much as possible. Unavoidable displacement should involve the preparationand implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or a Resettlement Policy Framework(RPF), to address the direct economic and social impacts resulting from the project or sub-project’s activities causing involuntary resettlement.

1 A potential impact is considered “sensitive” if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) orraise issues covered by OP 4.10, Indigenous People; OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP4.12, Involuntary Resettlement.2 Physical Cultural Resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures,and natural features, and landscapes that have archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious,aesthetic, or other cultural significance.

of 237


It is envisaged that the project on hand will not result in the physical or economic dislocation ofpeople.

3.4.5 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety GuidelinesThe general World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines in addition to the WorldBank Onshore Oil and Gas Development EHS guidelines will be followed to ensure that theproject complies with the Environmental Health and Safety standards and requirements of theWB during the different phases of the project.

3.5 Gap analysis for key Egyptian and WB environmental issuesThis section outlines the key requirements of both the Egyptian Legislations and the World Bankpolicies and the gaps between the requirements of the two entities.

3.5.1 Air Quality

Table 3-10 - Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standardsRequirements of Egyptian

Legislation Requirements of World Bank

Outdoor Air Pollutants(in urbanand industrial areas)as per Article 34

of law 4/1994 amended by law9/2009 and Annex 5 of the Executive

Regulations amended by Decree710/2012.

Ambient Air Quality as per OP 4.01 IFCGeneral EHS Guidelines (Table 1.1.1 34)

ExposurePeriod 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year

CarbonmonoxideCO(µg/m3)

30(urban

andindus.)

10(urban andindus.)

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

SulphurdioxideSO2

(µg/m3)

300(urban)

350(indus.)

N/A

125(urban)

150(indus.)

50(urban)

60(indus.

)

N/A N/A

125 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)

20(guideline)

N/A

NitrogenOxides

300(urban) N/A

150(urban)

60(urban

200(guideline) N/A N/A

40(guideline)

3World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.4 IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organizationduring the implementation of a project leading to the recommended guideline values.

of 237


NOx(µg/m3)

300(indus.)

150(indus.)

)80

(indus.)

ParticulatesPM10

(µg/m3)N/A N/A

150(urban)

150(indus.)

70(urban)

70(indus.

)

N/A N/A

150 (IT-1)100 (IT-2)75 (IT-3)

50(guideline)

70 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)30 (IT-3)

20(guideline)

ParticulatesPM2.5

(µg/m3)N/A N/A

80(urban)

80(indus.)

50(urban)

50(indus.

)

N/A N/A

75 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)

37.5 (IT-3)25

(guideline)

35 (IT-1)25 (IT-2)15 (IT-3)

10(guideline)

TotalsuspendedparticlesTSP(µg/m3)

N/A N/A

230(urban)

230(indus.)

125(urban)

125(indus.

)

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Ozone O3

(µg/m3)

180(urban)

180(indus.)

120(urban)

120(indus.)

N/A N/A N/A160 (IT-1)

100(guideline)

N/A N/A

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and therequirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied; since it’sthe funding entity. However, the Egyptian limits will be applied for the following cases, sincethere are no corresponding limits in the World Bank standards to these parameters:

Carbon monoxide limits Sulfur dioxide limits for 1 hour, and 1 year Nitrogen oxide limits for 24 hours Total suspended particulates limits Ozone limits for 1 hour

3.5.2 Water Quality

of 237


Table 3-11 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water QualityRequirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of World BankReference Requirements Reference Requirements

Executive Regulationsissued by decree92/2013 of Law48/1982 (Article 49)

States the standardsan specifications offresh waterwaysquality to whichindustrial water can bedischarged

OP 4.01IFC General EHSGuidelines:Environmental

Projects with thepotential to generateprocess wastewater,sanitary (domestic)sewage, or stormwatershould incorporatethe necessaryprecautions to avoid,minimize, and controladverse impacts tohuman health, safety,or the environment.

Ministerial DecreeNo. 44/2000 of law93/1962

Includes the quality ofindustrial wastewaterdischarged to thesewage network.The decree also statesthe entity shouldacquire the wastewaterdischarge licensesfrom the concernedauthorities during theconstruction andoperation phase

OP 4.01IFC General EHSGuidelines:Environmental

Includes in Table1.3.1 the indicativevalues for treatedsanitary sewagedischarges

Table 3-12 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer systemParameter/Pollutant Effluent threshold (ER

44/2000 of law 93/1962Effluent threshold (WBrequirements)

pH 6-9.5 6-9BOD (mg/l) 600 30COD (mg/l) 1100 125Total nitrogen (mg/l) 100 10Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 25 2Oil and grease (mg/l) 100 10Total suspended solids (mg/l) 800 50Total Coliform Bacteria (Most N/A 400

of 237


Parameter/Pollutant Effluent threshold (ER44/2000 of law 93/1962

Effluent threshold (WBrequirements)

Probable Number/100 ml)

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and therequirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

3.5.3 NoiseTable 3-13 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise

Requirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of World BankReference Requirements Reference Requirements

Law 4/1994 amendedby law 9/2009 and itsERs amended bydecree 1095/2011and 710/2012

Maximum allowablelimit for ambientnoise intensity

OP 4.01IFC GeneralGuidelines:EnvironmentalTable 1.7.1

Limit of noise beyondthe propertyboundaryof the facilities.

Law 4/1994 amendedby law 9/2009 and itsERs amended bydecree 1095/2011and 710/2012

Maximum noise limitsin work environment

IFC GeneralGuidelines:Occupational Healthand SafetyTable 2.3.1

Limit of noiseexposure inside thework environment

of 237


Table 3-14 - Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirementsEgyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Area type Maximumpermissible

equivalent noiselevel [dB(Aeq)]

Receptor One hour LAeq

(dBA)

Day Night Daytime Night7 AM –10 PM

10 PM –7 AM

7:00 –22:00

22:00 –7:00

Residential

Sensitive areas to noiseexposure

50 40

Residential 55 45

Residential suburbs withlow traffic flow

55 45

Residential areas withsome workshops,administrative activities,or recreational andentertainment activitiesoverlooking public roadsless than 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking publicroads more than or equal12 meters

70 60

Industrial

Industrial areas with lightindustries

70 60

Industrial 70 70Industrial Zone withheavy industries

70 70

Table 3-15 - Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB requirementsEgyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Type of place andactivity

Maximumpermissible

equivalent noiselevel [dB(A)]

Exposureduration

Location/activity

EquivalentLevel, LAeq,

8 hrs

MaximumLAmax,

fast

a) Work places(workshops andindustries) with up to 8hour shifts (licensedbefore 2014)

90 8

HeavyIndustry

(nodemandfor oral

communic

85 dB(A) 110 dB(A)

of 237


Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Type of place andactivity

Maximumpermissible

equivalent noiselevel [dB(A)]

Exposureduration

Location/activity

EquivalentLevel, LAeq,

8 hrs

MaximumLAmax,

fast

ation)

b) Work places(workshops andindustries) with up to 8hour shifts (licensedsince 2014)

85 8

Lightindustry

(decreasingdemandfor oral

communication)

50-65dB(A)

110 db(A)

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and therequirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

of 237


4 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions4.1 Description of the Environment

4.1.1 Site- LocationA site visit was conducted at the proposed Sumed pipeline site; the area is found to be desertarea with no residential or commercial activities around. Sumed Company is an industrial facility,with workers, construction works, port and import pipelines. Therefore, no sensitive receptor oraffected areas exist nearby. The figures below show the important locations on site as pointed inthe following figure.

Figure 4-1 - Location Map

of 237


Figure 4-2 - Location 1 Some flora and grass on site

Figure 4-3 - Location 2: the port wharf

of 237


Figure 4-4 - Location 3: the Power Plant near the site (outside Sumed borders)

Figure 4-5 - Location 4: The Valve room

The pipeline is located at the southern zone of El Suez governorate at El-Ein El-Sokhna. Theroute starts from an existing room which lies at the south side of Sumed port. Then the routeextends 2 km towards the North-East parallel to el Suez Gulf coast, and then it continues to

of 237


extend west for 2 km till it reaches Sumed valve room which will be established with total lengthof 4 km.. In total, there is only one main crossing with a storm water drain.

Suez governorate is located at the northern end of the Suez Gulf. According to Figure 4-6, SuezGovernorate is bordered in the north by Ismailia, in the west by Cairo and Beni Suef, in thesouth by the Red Sea Governorate, and in the east by the Governorates of North and SouthSinai. Suez City is considered one of the main industrial cities, it has four industrial zones (lightIndustrial Zones, free Zones, ports, planned Industrial Zones). The pipeline will mainly pass inthe territory of Sumed petroleum company.

In addition to the construction of the new port facility at Al-Sokhna, there are two other majorports in the project area, namely Suez Port (adjacent to the Canal entrance) and at Adabiyya Port(approximately 30km north of the proposed project site).

Figure 4-6 - Suez Governorate location5

[Source: EEAA, 2004]

Suez governorate is also characterized by its mineral resources diversity, specifically oil andnatural resources gas, in addition to construction material resources such as dolomite, gravels,clay from Gebel Attaqa and Akhaider to be used in cement and brick industries, limestone andmarble from Mount Galala in addition to gravel and limestone from Wadi Hugool. Suez Gulf

5

of 237


and Red Sea are well known for their fishing activities, also salts are extracted from the coastshoreline.

The cultural heritage in Suez mainly depends on the ancient monuments found there of greatcultural and archeological value; such as Qalzam Hill Castle, Al-Gharieb Mosque, St. Anthoniosand St. Paul Monastery.

Suez governorate is also endowed with several tourism attractions due to the existence of manyhotels, resorts and recreational areas in Ain-Sokhna, in addition to the beautiful sceneries, naturalsites and mountains.

4.1.2 Geological characteristicsAll geological units present on the surface in Suez Governorate; where the pipeline is located, areof sedimentary origin; rangingin ages between Jurassic to Miocene and the Quaternary, and thefollowing is a description of the geological contents of the region as shown in figure:-

of 237


Figure 4-7 - Surface Geologic Map of the Central Eastern Margin of Suez

- Basement

The oldest rocks of the Gulf of Suez region are Precambrian volcanics, metasediments deformedand metamorphosed during the Panafrican era. These units were intruded by post-tectonicgranites and granodiorites, ranging in age from 700 to 500 Ma. They’re found in the center oftilted fault blocks in the central and southern Gulf of Suez and also form the mountainous riftflanks of Sinai on the eastern side and Res Sea hills on the southwestern side of Suez Gulf.

- Paleozoic Strata

of 237


The early phase consists of red and white sandstone units up to 130 m and 380 m thick. To thenorth of the Belayim area, on the eastern margin of the Gulf of Suez, Cambrian sequences aredeveloped in a marine form whereas to the south they’re continental.

As for the late phase, the sandstones are overlain by carboniferous Umm Bogma dolomitic strataup to 40 m thick. This formation is overlain by up to 200 m of brown shallow marine sandstonesof Abu Thora formation. Therese carboniferous sandstones are intruded and capped by Permianbasalts.

- Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata

The early phase is characterized by thin, poorly fossiliferous strata of Triassic Qiseib of theJurassic to lower Cretaceous Malha formation of Al-Tih group. The Qiseib Formation is about300 m thick, and consists of unfossiliferous red beds. The Malha formation varies in thicknessfrom 30 to 150 m in the central Gulf and consists of white to pale yellow and pink, cleanquartzose, cross bedded fluvial sandstones.

The upper Cretaceous sections consist of shallow marine strata that exhibit decreasing thicknessfrom North to South. The Cenomanian Raha formation is a succession of shales, sandstones andlimestones, 80 to 100 m thick. The overlying 100 m thick Turonian Wata Formation contains athicker limestone which serves as a useful marker across the central and northern Gulf. TheBrown limestone and Sudr Chalk Formations consist of 6 to 70 m of phosphatic, cherty andorganic-rich limestone at the base, overlain by snow-white, hard poorly bedded chalk and chalkylimestone of 100-140 m thick. The total thickness of this strata is about 500 m.

- Paleocene and Eocene strata

The grey Esna Shale Formation forms a prominent marker unit that overlies the Sudr chalk. Itvaries in thickness from less than 1 m in places along the northeastern flank to about 35 m onthe central eastern rift margin. The Paleocene-Eocene boundary is found within the upper 3 mof the Esna Shale. Overlying the Esna shale are characteristic light buff weathering early Eocenelimestones of the Thebes and Waseiyit formations. The composite thickness of the Eocene onthe eastern side of the Gulf is more than 500 m.

- Quaternary sediments

Quaternary deposits cover flat areas of low topography as well as coastal plains surroundingpresent day gulf. Quaternary alluvium and wind-blown sands cover the wadi. On the coastalplains, the deposits include loose to moderately coarse clastics, that come from the older pre-riftrocks that form the surrounding topographic heights. In addition, a series of raised beachesdevelop different altitudes, up to 90 m high on the marginal coastal rangers, including coral reefsand oyster banks.

Specific soil investigation study for the pipeline route will be conducted before thecommencement of the construction activities after the contractual agreement with theconstruction contractor.

of 237


4.1.3 Terrain and TopographySuez governorate is located in an area characterized by its rough soil. The city of Suez and mostof the economic institutions are situated between Jabal Ataka and Jabal Galala on the westernside, and Sinai Mountains on the eastern side as illustrated inFigure 4-8. Jabal Ataka and JabalGalala are separated by wide and shallow wadis which indicate that Egypt was located in an areaof heavy rainfall in the past.

These mountains play and important role in the formation of different types of precipitationssuch as horizontal precipitations and fogs. The Red Sea coast is characterized by a sandy coastalplain that varies between 8 to 38 kilometers in width.Coral reefs are presentnear the shallowwaterof the Red Sea coast, particularly at the entrance to the Gulf of Suez, Ras Mohammed, andthe entrance to Akaba Bay. The dry continental climate is considered to be one of the mainreasons for the existence of such coral reefs.

In general,the ground level elevation descends in the direction of the Suez Canal; as it reaches amaximum height of more than 700 meters above sea level at the western side of the governorate,and a minimum height of about 200 meters above sea level at the Gulf of Suez.

Figure 4-8 - Topography of the surrounding area

4.1.4 SoilMost of the soil in Suez governorate is classified, according to Figure 4-9, as Red desert which ischaracterized by the salinity of its soil. Such soil type is not suitable for the cultivation oftraditional crops like the ones cultivated in the Nile Delta region, particularly in the absence offresh water resources. In addition, rain-fed agriculture cannot be considered maintainable due tothe unsustainability of the rain season, unlike the situation in the northern coast.

of 237


Figure 4-9 - Soil classification[Source: Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities, 2014]

4.1.5 HydrologyThe main reservoir in Suez governorate consists of Quaternary deposits, which are made up ofsand and gravel with some portions of limestone and shell stone. These deposits are thought tobe originally from marine origins, deposited during the Pleistocene Epoch, and the process ofdeposition of the aquifer components was controlled by cracks that were activated during thedeposition, namely Bedaa and Sokhna in the north and west, in addition to the two cracks whichboundGalala El Bahariyain the south in the direction of Suez Gulf coast. The groundwater in thereservoir is of free type, which crops out at the surface. Its level is slightly higher than the sealevel, so it gently slides towards the Suez Gulf. It is not likely that the groundwater system isrecharged from the sea. The production level of the reservoir is considered low.

4.1.6 Meteorological CharacteristicsA brief description of the different meteorological elements is presented in the following sub-sections. The following parameters refer to Suez city which are assumed to be applicable to thearea of the activity.

4.1.6.1 ClimateEgypt, as part of the North African region, is considered an arid zone although this particularactivity location may be eventually subjected to smoother arid climate than the rest of the region,as it is located in the arid desert in Lower Egypt between the delta region and the Suez Canal.The area of the activity is dominated by desert climatic conditions with relatively hightemperature and humidity rates especially in summer. As for winter and fall, the weatherconditions are moderate and suitable for tourism.

of 237


4.1.6.2 Air TemperatureThe mean monthly values for temperature are more or less in the same range all over the areawhich reflects regional identity. The maximum values of temperature are generally recorded fromApril to August being 43oC (43-40oC) and the minimum from December to February beingabout 3oC (3-5oC). The monthly mean temperatures during the whole year are presented in thefollowing table.

Table 4-1 - Monthly Mean Values of Temperature[Source: EEAA,2004]

Month Mean Temperature Value (°C)

January 14

February 15

March 18

April 21

May 25

June 28

July 29

August 29

September 27

October 25

November 20

December 16

4.1.6.3 Relative HumidityThe relative humidity plays an important role in the amount of evaporation andevapotranspiration. The mean monthly values of relative humidity are relatively similar along theyear and relatively high during the summer period. The annual mean of daily relative humidity ison the range of 44 (40-50%). The monthly mean values of relative humidity during the wholeyear are presented in the following table.

Table 4-2 - Monthly Mean Values of Relative Humidity in SuezMonth Mean Relative Humidity (%)

of 237


Month Mean Relative Humidity (%)

January 73

February 65

March 48

April 30

May 19

June 20

July 24

August 26

September 33

October 39

November 64

December 81

4.1.6.4 PrecipitationThe amount of average rain per year is low, averaging at about10 mm per year. The averagenumber of rainy days is 2 days per year. The monthly mean amount of precipitation (in mm) forthe targeted area is shown in the following table.

Table 4-3 - Monthly Mean Values of Amount PrecipitationMonth Mean Annual Precipitation (mm)

January 14.5

February 3.7

March 8.1

April 7.4

of 237


Month Mean Annual Precipitation (mm)

May 0.4

June 0

July 1.1

August 0

September 5.3

October 4.5

November 0.9

December 3.2

4.1.6.5 WindThe direction of prevailing wind varies for the different seasons along the year. For example,during winter the wind is original from the Southwest while over the spring the area is subjectedto the Northeast winds to change again over the summer, having winds mainly coming from theNorthwest, and finally, over the fall season winds are found to come from the Northeast. Themonthly mean wind speed according to the exact location of the activity on the rose is presentedin Table 4-4.Figure 4-10shows the wind distribution over Suez region.

Table 4-4 - Monthly Mean Values of Wind SpeedMonth Wind Speed (m/s)

January 8.5

February 6.5

March 7.75

April 8

May 9

June 11

July 10

August 9.5

of 237


Month Wind Speed (m/s)

September 10

October 6

November 5.5

December 6

of 237


Figure 4-10 - Wind rose for Suez region

4.1.7 Natural Disasters

4.1.7.1 Seismic activity:Although Egypt isn’t located within any of the internationally recognized seismic belts, as it falls700 km from the nearest belt, yet Egypt is not seismically safe. Egypt is exposed to earthquakespassing through Aqaba Gulf and Red Sea zone, however, their magnitude is non-destructive dueto the weak seismic action or the lack of structure in its range. Historically, light to mediumearthquakes occur in Delta, Suez and Mediterranean coast regions.

Figure 4-11shows the main cracks and faults in Suez Gulf.

Figure 4-11 - Suez Gulf Cracks’ location[Source: EEAA, 2004]

Sudden cracking point, usually known as focus, can appear anywhere on the earth’s surface, evento a depth 600-700 km. Shallow focus earthquakes (less than 40 km below earth’s surface) areconsidered the most destructive, they represent about 75% of the global seismic power

of 237


emissions. The epicente (shown in Figure 4-12) that lies right above the focus is considered thesource point for earthquake measurements.

Egypt’s geological nature, Tectonic Specification, and Earthquake records showed existence ofseismic belt starting from North Red Sea passing through Suez gulf then Cairo-Alexandriadirection, which caused the republic in general, and Suez in particular, to witness numerousearthquakes.

Figure 4-12 - Epicenter location in Egypt

4.1.7.2 Flash Floods6:Flash floods take place as a result of short term heavy rains and storm events that fall on Red Seaand south Sinai. These storms and rains could cause the loss of many livelihoods andinfrastructure.

Figure 4-13below shows the main drainage basins in Suez region. A lot of studies wereconducted to identify possible mitigation measures to avoid the risk of flash floods, whereEngineers designed techniques to collect the flood water, which can hence be used to satisfy

6 National Authority for Physical Planning, Egypt Development Map 2017, 1997

of 237


some of the needs or refill the groundwater reservoirs. 1 bcm of water can be collected annuallyfrom flash floods in Egypt.

A new drainage basin is also planned to be established in Sumed Campus, adjacent to thepipeline.

Figure 4-13 - Main drainage basins in the region[Source: National Authority for Physical Planning, Egypt Development Map 2017, 1997]

4.1.8 Traffic7

4.1.8.1 Main Access Roads

The site can be mainly accessed through Suez-Hurghada road.Table 4-5shows the operational characteristics of Suez - Hurghada road. This road serves themovement of the passengers and goods from Suez to Hurghada and vice versa. It also servesseveral resorts, residential communities and industrial developments along this road. The trafficload in this road fluctuates slightly, the following table shows the average annual daily trafficrecords (AADT) which were obtained from the Information Center of the General Authority forRoads, Bridges and Land Transport (GARBLT). Data were collected for 8 years (2000 – 2007)for a section of this road from Suez to Zaafrana.

7Information Center of the General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport, Institute of Highways andTransportation (1994): Traffic Impact Assessment. IHT.

of 237


Table 4-5 - Characteristics of Suez/Hurghada RoadItem Characteristics

Road width 12m / directionNumber of lanes 2 lanes /directionMedian width 82mShoulder width 1.3-2 mPavement condition MediumDesign speed 110 Km/hourSpeed limit 90 Km/hourMaximum axial load 13 TonsLand uses Industrial, resorts, recreational, hotels and

public (Ain Sokhna Port)

Figure 4-14 - Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for Suez / Zaafrana Road during (2000 –2007)

4.1.9 Ambient Air QualityThe overall objectives of studying ambient air quality are to:

Establish air quality baseline which will assist in the estimation of the project impact onthe local physical, biological and social environment ;

Verify compliance with the local and world bank regulatory limits for the ambient airquality;

of 237


Check the conditions of operation and the adequacy of controls on discharges from thenearby suspected sources, provide a warning of unusual or unforeseen conditions and,where appropriate, trigger a special environmental monitoring program

4.1.9.1 Recorded DataConcentrations of ambient air pollutants vary according to time and location and they areaffected by many factors such as size, number, and location of emissionsources in addition to theprevailing weather conditions. This section presents overview of ambient air qualityfor the Suezgovernorate in order to provide a general idea about the concentrations of primary airpollutantsat the study area, followed by an ambient air quality survey conducted close to theprojectlocation. The figures below show the ambient levels of pollutants in Suez to give an overviewabout the air quality in the region.

Figure 4-15 - SO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

of 237


Figure 4-16 -NO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

Figure4-17 -PM10 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

of 237


Figure4-18 - TSP (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

The following table illustrates the NO2 and SO2 measurements in Suez through 2000 to 2008, assome of the major pollutants, the sulphur and nitrogen dioxides annual average concentrationswere below the national limit for all years between the measured years.

Table 4-6 - Annual Average Concentrations of NO2 and SO2 at Suez GovernorateParameters 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NO2 33 37 60 36 35.5 40.5 27.2 8.8 5.8

SO2 17 22 22 29 44.3 15.7 12.3 41.8 27.2

4.1.9.2 Site Specific Air Quality AssessmentAir quality measurements have been carried out, as part of the baseline description for theEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Sumed pipeline project, in two points SalahNasim Road and School in Suez governorate, which are considered the sensitive receptors.Measurements were taken in Suez governorate since there are no sensitive receptors close to thepipeline location in Sumed.

The baseline air quality measurements were conducted on a basis of 8 hours with one-hourintervals for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), TotalSuspended Particulates (T.S.P) and particulate matter (PM10) for two specific different locationswhere the air quality complies with the national guidelines for all the analyzed parameters.Standard ambient air quality monitoring instruments were used under the supervision ofexperienced specialists.

Air quality measurement specifications are shown in Annex 4.

of 237


4.1.9.3 Sampling StrategyThe selection of the active air measurement location is based on the nature of the surroundingactivities, the location of the nearest sensitive receptors with respect to the project plots,prevailing wind direction, site topography and the future layout of the proposed projectcomponents8. Moreover, the selection is based on the guidelines stated in the American Societyfor Testing Materials (ASTM) reference method9.

The selected sampling site locations which are beside “Salah Nassim Road and School” wereconsidered to be suitable locations as they were found to be sensitive receptors; lying in aresidential area and next to a school. Measurements were taken in Suez governorate since thereare no sensitive receptors close to the pipeline location in Sumed.

The GPS coordinates of the selected Ambient Air monitoring locations:

Figure 4-19 - Air Measurement Location (Salah Nassim School)

Table 4-7 - Air Measurements’ LocationLocation Latitude LongitudeSalah Nasim school/Residential area 29°57'7.28"N 32°29'38.83"E

4.1.9.4 Analysis ResultsThe air quality at the sampling location is exhibiting acceptable levels of classic air pollutants incomparison with the Egyptian limits and the World Bank limits. The analysis results ofmonitoring process are presented in the following table.

8Since there are no sensitive receptors in the region of Sumed pipeline, baseline air quality measurementswere conducted in Suez City.

9D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Air

of 237


Table 4-8 – One hour average results (µg/m3)

Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 CO PM10 T.S.P10:AM 21.1 24.8 45.9 11.2 2.4

133 142

11:00 13.9 16.7 30.4 12.3 312:00 15.2 25.1 40.3 12.1 3.113:00 15.5 28.1 43.6 13.8 3.214:00 19.3 34.8 54.1 13.7 2.315:00 37.7 41.8 79.5 14.5 316:00 11.5 16.2 37.7 16.5 3.117:00 12.2 17.5 29.7 14.6 2.5National

Limits150 150 15

0150 10(mg/m3) 150 230

WorldBankLimits

N/A N/A N/A 125 (It-1) N/A 150 (It-1) N/A

* IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organization during theimplementation of a project leading to the recommended guideline values.

All the recorded data showed compliance with the national and international guidelines forambient air quality. Moreover, the area is mainly desert with a very scarce source for anypollution other than the nearby highway.

4.1.10 Noise

4.1.10.1 Site specific assessmentNoise measurement methodology and measurement method are discussed in Annex 4. The mainresults are shown in the following tables.

The main results are shown in the following tables.Table 4-9 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at day

Time

Sound Level Equivalent&PercentileRecordingsindBAfor8Hours

Permissible LimitsLAeq(dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International10:00 66.7 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

65 55

11:00 67.3 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.52

12:00 73.7 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.96

13:00 77.6 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.77

14:00 87.9 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.7

15:00 79.1 54.52 42.65 5.86 34.17 105.57

16:00 57.8 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.93

17:00 77.4 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24

By substituting in the noise level equation in Annex 4, the equivalent sound level = 81.2 dBA

of 237


Table 4-10 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at night

Time

Sound Level Equivalent&PercentileRecordingsindBAfor8Hours

Permissible LimitsLAeq(dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International19:00 53.82 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

55 45

20:00 57.96 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.52

21:00 52.12 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.96

22:00 51.5 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.77

23:00 57.9 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.7

00:00 49.12 54.52 42.65 35.86 34.17 105.57

01:00 48.89 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.93

02:00 48.5 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24

By substituting in the noise level equation in Annex 4, the equivalent sound level = 55 dBA

The previous analysis results show that the baseline noise level beside Salah Nassim Schoolalready exceeds both the Egyptian and World Bank regulations in the daytime, and exceeds theWorld Bank regulations in the night time.

4.1.11 Water: Availability and Quality

4.1.11.1 Fresh-water resourcesThere are no fresh water resources adjacent to the pipeline surrounding area; hence any freshwater needed to the project will be covered using fresh water trucks.

4.1.11.2 Sea-water ResourcesThe pipeline extends along the Suez Gulf coast with length 1.3 km. It is important to note thatthe water currents in the Gulf are affected by different factors, which include but not limited to:wind properties, different water salinities as well as sea tide and rise. The regional branch of theEgyptian Environmental Affairs Agency in Suez Governorate has concluded in one of thestudies that the salinity differences does not affect the sea-water currents because still it is asingle water body. The study also confirms that the sea currents associated with the northeastwind directs the water to the southwestern direction. The tides occur twice a day in the SuezGulf; where the direction of the wind -associated with the tide is northern and the direction oftidal currents southern. There are minor seasonal differences that accompany the sea-risecurrents. Still, the pipeline will not be affected by the sea tide and rise in the Gulf of Suez.Figure 4-20shows the changes in the Suez Gulf levels throughout the year.

of 237


Figure 4-20 - changes in Suez gulf water levels throughout the year

4.1.12 Ecology and Biodiversity

4.1.12.1 OverviewEgypt is known for its rich natural heritage and according to the National Strategy and ActionPlan to maintain biodiversity which was prepared in 1988, Egypt has several rare breeds and adiverse natural environment such as coral reefs, sand dunes and mangroves.

The Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea are considered as one of the four most environmentallysignificant areas in Egypt and are home to several distinctive species of fauna and flora. Theplant kingdom in the area is home to 44 strains of virus, 238 species of bacteria, 1260 species offungi, 1148 types of Algae, 369 species of non-flowering plants, and 2072 species of floweringplants. The animal kingdom in the Gulf of Suez is home to 10,000 species of insects, 1422vertebrate species, 755 species of fish, 105 breeds of reptiles and amphibians, 470 bird species,and 126 species of mammals10.

Figure 4-21illustrates the biodiversity richness in the Gulf of Suez and shows the main routes ofthe migratory birds in the area. Furthermore turtle nesting areas, fish spawning areas, coral reefsand seaweed are also illustrated in that figure.

1010 Egyptian 4th National biodiversity Report, 2009.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sea level

Sea level

of 237


Figure 4-21 - Main routes for migratory birds

4.1.12.2 IUCN Red ListThe International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Speciesis evaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species and is widely recognized as acomprehensive global approach11. The IUCN Red List highlights plant and animal species thatare facing a higher risk of global extinction by listing them as Critically Endangered, Endangeredand Vulnerable. The following table shows the Red List of Egypt’s terrestrial species withouttaking into consideration extinct species, extinct in the wild or of least concern. No vulnerable orendangered species are located in or around the project sites except for the three bird speciesmentioned in the bird section below.

Table 4-11 - Red List Species of Egypt

Species Status PopulationTrend

Fauna

Acanthodactylus pardalis (Leopard Fringe-fingeredLizard)

Vulnerable Decreasing

11http://www.iucnredlist.org/about/overview

of 237



Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) Vulnerable Decreasing

Allactaga tetradactyla (Four-toed Jerboa) Vulnerable Unknown

Ammotragus lervia (Aoudad) Vulnerable Decreasing

Aquila clanga (Greater Spotted Eagle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Aquila heliaca (Eastern Imperial Eagle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Capra nubiana (Nubian Ibex) Vulnerable Decreasing

Caretta caretta (Loggerhead) Endangered (needsupdating)

Chersophilus duponti (Dupont's Lark) Near Threatened Decreasing

Chlamydotis undulata (Houbara Bustard) Vulnerable Decreasing

Circus macrourus (Pallid Harrier) Near Threatened Decreasing

Coracias garrulus (European Roller) Near Threatened Decreasing

Crocidura floweri (Flower's Shrew) Data Deficient Unknown

Crocidura religiosa (Egyptian Pygmy Shrew) Data Deficient Unknown

Emberiza cineracea (Cinereous Bunting) Near Threatened Decreasing

Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill Turtle) CriticallyEndangered

(not given)

Falco cherrug (Saker Falcon) Endangered Decreasing

Falco concolor (Sooty Falcon) Near Threatened Decreasing

Falco naumanni (Lesser Kestrel) Vulnerable Decreasing

Falco vespertinus (Red-footed Falcon) Near Threatened (not given)

Felis margarita (Sand Cat) Near Threatened Unknown

Ficedula semitorquata (Semi-collared Flycatcher) Near Threatened Decreasing

Gazella dorcas (Dorcas Gazelle) Vulnerable Decreasing

of 237



Gazella gazella (Mountain Gazelle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Gazella leptoceros (Slender-horned Gazelle) Endangered Decreasing

Geochelone sulcata (African Spurred Tortoise) Vulnerable (needsupdating)

Geronticus eremita (Northern Bald Ibis) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Hippopotamus amphibius (Common Hippopotamus) Vulnerable Decreasing

Hyaena hyaena (Striped Hyaena) Near Threatened Decreasing

Meriones sacramenti (Buxton's Jird) Vulnerable Decreasing

Milvus milvus (Red Kite) Near Threatened (not given)

Monachus monachus (Mediterranean Monk Seal) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture) Endangered Decreasing

Numenius arquata (Eurasian Curlew) Near Threatened Decreasing

Oryx leucoryx (Arabian Oryx) Endangered Decreasing

Panthera leo (Lion) Vulnerable Decreasing

Panthera pardus (Leopard) Near Threatened Decreasing

Paragomphus sinaiticus Vulnerable Unknown

Pelecanus crispus (Dalmatian Pelican) Vulnerable Decreasing

Philochortus zolii CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Pipistrellus ariel (Desert Pipistrelle) Data Deficient Unknown

Plecotus christii Data Deficient Unknown

Rhinolophus mehelyi (Mehely's Horseshoe Bat) Vulnerable Decreasing

Serinus syriacus (Syrian Serin) Vulnerable Decreasing

Spalax ehrenbergi (Middle East Blind Mole Rat) Data Deficient Decreasing

Telescopus hoogstraali Endangered Decreasing

of 237



Testudo graeca (Spur-thighed Tortoise) Vulnerable (needsupdating)

Testudo kleinmanni (Kleinmann's Tortoise) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Testudo werneri (Negev Tortoise) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Torgos tracheliotos (Lappet-faced Vulture) Vulnerable Decreasing

Trapelus savignii (Savigny's Agama) Vulnerable Decreasing

Flora

Dracaena ombet Endangered (not given)

Medemia argun CriticallyEndangered

(not given)

4.1.12.3 Important Bird Areas and Bird SpeciesAccording to a report by Bird Life International the project site lies within an important BirdArea which is represented by a red circle in Figure 4-23. The area is considered a major flywayfor Palearctic migrant birds and serves as a concentration point for large birds of prey.Furthermore the Suez area is considered a migration bottleneck for water birds. Project activitiesare not expected to disrupt the flying patterns of these birds or their natural behavior. Thefollowing table shows some of the most common bird species found in the Suez governoratewhile Figure4-22presents a sample of these species. As seen in Table 4-12, the three mostsensitive species found in the Suez governorate are the Egyptian Vulture (endangered), SpottedEagle (Vulnerable) and Red-Footed Falcon (Near Threatened).

of 237


Table 4-12 - Common Bird Species in Suez GovernorateSpecies

Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status

Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Least Concern12

Black Kite Milvus migrans Least Concern

Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus Endangered

Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga Vulnerable

Red-Footed Falcon Falco vespertinus Near Threatened

Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni Least Concern

Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae Least Concern

Bittern Botaurinae Least Concern

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Least Concern

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Least Concern

Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Least Concern

Curlew Numenius Least Concern

Rock Dove Columba livia Least Concern

Swallow Hirundinidae Least Concern

Warbler Parulidae Least Concern

Shrike Laniidae Least Concern

House crow Corvus splendens Least Concern

12 A least concern (LC) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union forConservation of Nature as evaluated but not qualified for any other category. As such they do not qualifyas threatened, near threatened, or (prior to 2001) conservation dependent.

of 237


Figure4-22 - Left: Bubulcus ibis, Right: Clanga clanga

Figure 4-23 - Important Bird Areas of Egypt[Source: BirdLife International (2016)]

During the ecological survey of the site, a large number of house crows (Corvus splendens) werepresent as can be seen in the following figure.

of 237


Figure 4-24 - House Crow

4.1.12.4 FaunaAccording to the Egyptian 4th National biodiversity Report (2009) three common species ofreptiles were documented to be found in the Suez Governorate namely the Turkish and PigmyGecko, Saharan Sand Snake and Horned Viper. The following table gives the most commonmammal species documented in the Suez governorate while Figure 4-25 presents a sample ofthese species. During the ecological survey no presence of fauna was detected in the project site,as they are less active during daylight hours.

Table 4-13 - Common Mammal Species in Suez GovernorateSpecies


Cape Hare

Spiny Mouse

Short Tailed Bandicoot Rat

Fat Sand Rat

Red Fox

Stripped Hyena

Hyrax

Lepus capensis

Acomys

Nesokia indica

Psammomys obesus

Vulpes vulpes

Hyaena hyaena

Hyracoidea

Least Concern

Least Concern

Least Concern

Least Concern

Least Concern

Near Threatened

Least Concern

of 237


Species


Dorcas Gazelle Gazella dorcas Vulnerable

Figure 4-25 - Left: Lepus capensis, Right: Vulpus vulpus

4.1.12.5 FloraAlthough no rare floral species were encountered during the ecological survey of the project sitethe following species were documented to be most commonly found in the Suez governorateaccording to environmental description report of the Suez governorate (EEAA, 2004):

1. Juncus RigidusThis species is known to typically grow in sandy, saline areas, in desert and steppe regions and

can be most commonly found in the margins of pools and in marshes13. According to theIUCN red list of threatened species there is no significant past, ongoing or future threats tothis species.

2. Tamaric Nilotica

13Lansdown, R.V. & Juffe Bignoli, D. 2013. Juncus rigidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2013: e.T185693A13559337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T185693A13559337.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2016.

of 237


This species is known to grow in the banks of the Nile and its tributaries, canal banks, and at theedges of ponds and springs14. The species is identified as being least concern under theIUCN red list of threatened species.3. Nitraria Retusa

This type of vegetation is known to grow in salt marshes and semi-arid saline areas of desertsand helps in stabilizing loose soils.

4. Limonium Pruinosum

This plant community is a non-succulent semi-shrub which occupies two distinct habitats littoralsalt marsh and desert limestone cliffs. L. Pruinosum dominates a community common in theGulf of Suez region.

5. Phoenix Dactylifera

Also known as date palm is a flowering plant species in the palm family and is most commonlycultivated for its edible sweet fruit.

6. Archrocnemum Macrostachyum

This community is most commonly found around the Red Sea coast which contains the highestlevels of soluble salt in its soils.

14Akhani, H. 2014. Tamarix nilotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014:e.T19179434A46081355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19179434A46081355.en.Downloaded on 26 March 2016

of 237


Figure 4-26 - Top Left: Juncus Rigidus, Top right: Archrocnemum Macrostachyum, Bottom:Nitraria Retusa

4.1.12.6 ProtectoratesAccording to Figure 4-27which shows the protected areas of Egypt, no Protectorates were foundin close proximity to the project site (represented using a black circle). Areas which are coveredin green present the current protected areas while areas covered in red are future protected areas.

of 237


Figure 4-27 - Protected Areas of Egypt[Source: EEAA, 2013]

4.1.13 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural HeritageThere are no archaeological, historic or cultural heritage sites encountering the pipeline route.However, if any archeological, historic or cultural heritage sites are discovered during theconstruction activities, GASCO is committed to immediately stop the construction activities, andinform the National Supreme Council of Antiquities.

Pipeline Location

of 237


5 Environmental and Social ImpactsThe environmental and social advantages of upgrading the Egyptian Natural Gas Network arediverse. Natural Gas provides improved safety, reduced financial burden on the national budget,and secure supply to the power plants. On the national level, it promotes the utilization ofEgyptian natural resources and reduces the subsidy and import burden. Even on the global level,the project involves cleaner fuel with reduced carbon footprint.

A thorough analysis of environmental and social impacts is important to detail an effectivemanagement and monitoring plan which will minimize negative impacts and maximize positives.

All the potential impacts will be analyzed and discussed in the sections below. Afterwards, arating matrix method will be applied to identify the significance of the impacts based on thefrequency and severity of each impact. This evaluation method is used to determine the mostsignificant impacts, and the suitable mitigation measures that will be applied to eliminate orreduce the adverse effect of such impacts on the environment and surrounding community asmuch as possible.

The assessment of impacts distinguishes between the construction phase and the operationsphase.

5.1 Positive Impacts

5.1.1 During the construction phase

5.1.1.1 Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborersThe project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities, both directly andindirectly. Based on similar projects implemented recently by GASCO, the daily averagenumber of workers during the peak time will be about 17 temporary workers for 6 months(total of 2000 workers days). The local community could theoretically provide a proportionof this temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of theindividual contractors in sourcing their workforce.

In order to maximize employment opportunities in the local communities it is anticipatedthat training will be required for currently unskilled workers15. On-the-job training will alsosupplement opportunities for the local workforce for both temporary construction rolesalso for long-term operations phase position, where these are available.

5.1.1.2 Create indirect opportunitiesIncreased economic activity in project through the following supply chain:

15 It was requested during the scoping sessions to establish a training center as a CSR initiative fromGASCO.

of 237


• Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction,operation and closure of the site and ancillary facilities;

• Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project;• Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;• Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;• Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering,

installation and maintenance;• Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement

equipment;• Security personnel;• Retail services;• Provision of fuel;• Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities;• National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished.

5.1.2 During the operation phase

5.1.2.1 Economic ImpactsThe expansion of the National Natural Gas Grid has several positive economic impacts:

Support the expansion of power generation projects. The current gas connection lineswill mainly provide energy source for the new “Siemens Power Stations”. The expansionin power generation will dramatically enhance the national electricity grid;

Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to localindustries which will indirectly create job opportunities;

Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel; . Expansion of the Sumed Natural Gas imports line to supply the local demand.

5.2 Negative Impacts

5.2.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts

5.2.1.1 Air Quality Dust Emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase due to the on-site

activities such as land preparation, ditching, excavation and refilling activities, also inaddition to the movement of the construction vehicles can generate some fugitive dust.The generation of dust can cause negative health effect on the respiratory system of theworkers.

of 237


Minor gaseous emissions can be expected to occur from the construction activities suchas welding of pipe connections, and coating these connections with the polyethylenesheets. Additionally, gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the constructionphase as a result of the exhaust gases from vehicles and equipment (excavator, loader,bulldozer, trailer,…) in addition to gaseous emissions from diesel generators.

However, these emissions are expected to be in small amounts and temporary. Minimal odor emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase from

chemicals, oils and paints used during the construction phase. The air emissions that were measured as a baseline condition (shown in section 4.1.9)

were all far below the Egyptian and WB limits and accordingly it is not expected theconstruction activities will affect the air quality to the extent of exceeding the Egyptianand WB limits.

Due to the continuity of the construction activities, the impact level from dust emission isexpected to be high.

5.2.1.2 Aquatic EnvironmentThe aquatic environments can be impacted in case of improper disposal of sanitary wastewater,construction wastes or debris (generated from activities like ditching, and excavation) in thewaterways. Also the improper disposal of the wastewater resulting from the hydrostatic testing ofthe pipeline can cause changes in the characteristics if the waterways used for such disposal. Theother construction activities (e.g. pipe laying, trench backfilling, magnetic cleaning, purging) willnot generate any wastewater that may affect the aquatic environment.

Usually the generated sanitary wastewater, as well as water resulting from the dewateringactivities during excavation, will be collected in tanks and transported via a certified contractor tothe nearest wastewater treatment stations, and in the case that the water will be disposed back tothe water bodies, full coordination with the Ministry of water and irrigation and with the HoldingCompany for Water and Wastewater will take place, and proper testing will be carried out toensure that the disposed water quality is within the limits required by the law.

However, in case the contractor improperly disposed construction wastes or debris in awaterway, there will be adverse impact on the aquatic environment there. Also the improperdisposal of the wastewater resulting from the hydrostatic testing of the pipeline can causechanges in the characteristics if the waterways used for such disposal.

During construction, without good practices or improper disposal, the impact on aquaticenvironment is expected to be high.

5.2.1.3 Noise and VibrationThe main sources of noise and vibration during the construction phase are the operation of theconstruction equipment and machinery such as diggers, cranes, loaders and transportation trucks

of 237


to perform the different construction activities mentioned in section 2.3). Increased road trafficas a result of the excavation activities will also increase the noise intensity level.

As mentioned in the baseline conditions (section 4.1.1), the pipeline route is away fromresidential areas and accordingly the noise impact will be minimum on these areas.

The negative impact will be mainly impact the operators working on the site In case theoperators don’t use their PPE, they may be subject to hearing loss.

The construction activities are expected to be carried out throughout the day time, and the noiseand vibration impacts are expected to be Medium.

5.2.1.4 Flora and FaunaAs mentioned in section 4.1.12, the Gulf of Suez generally is known to include several distinctivespecies of fauna and flora. For the project location specifically, and as per the field survey, thepipeline route is located in a desert area with very limited flora and fauna within the surroundingregions of the route; therefore, minimal impact is expected on the flora and fauna of the projectarea. On the other hand, the area is considered a major flyway for Palearctic migrant birds andserves as a concentration point for large birds of prey; and accordingly the activities causingexcessive noise and light may negatively affect them. However, regarding the project activitiesdiscussed in section 2.3, they are not expected to disrupt the flying patterns of these birds ortheir natural behavior., Accordingly, the impacts on birds can be assessed as “medium”.

As the area is a major flyway for birds, the impact is expected to be medium.

5.2.1.5 Land use, landscape and visual ImpactAs mentioned in the baseline conditions (section 4.1.1), there are no current land uses for theroute area as it is located in a desert area, which is not expected to be affected due to the projectactivities.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

5.2.1.6 Soils, Geology and HydrogeologyThe excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics. Thiswill be more pronounced in the trench’s area (around 1 meter depth) where excavation, pipelinelaying, and soil compaction as a result of heavy equipment take place. In addition, potential soilcontamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils.

However, since there is no current land use for the desert area, the negative impacts on the soil isinsignificant.

of 237


5.2.1.7 TrafficAn increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport theconstruction materials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. It isimportant to note that the pipeline path will not cross any main or secondary roads; thereforethere is no expected impact from this activity.

The construction trucks movement to the site can be considered to be a continuous process,with a medium impact.

5.2.1.8 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural HeritageAs mention in section 4.1.13, there are no archaeological, historic, or cultural heritage sitesencountering the pipeline route. However, it is possible that during the construction activities(e.g. ditching, drilling) archeological, historic, or cultural heritage sites are discovered.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be low.

5.2.1.9 Natural Disaster RiskEarthquake and floods may disturb the construction activities. This has the potential tonegatively impact the time schedule of the construction activities and may cause injuries orfatalities to the workers.

However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore theimpact is expected to be short-termed, however of medium impact.

5.2.1.10 Major Accidents and HazardsThe construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery which mayaffect the land in the project site. As most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site inareas specialized in such activities.

The effect of this impact is expected to be medium and for a short-term.

5.2.1.11 Solid Waste ManagementSolid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes fromthe project activities discussed in section 2.3. The waste is expected to include the followingwaste streams:Hazardous wastes: Welding belts Used oil waste Asphalt Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containersNon-hazardous wastes:

of 237


Soil (excavated or surplus) Packaging materials Damaged products (pipes, etc.); Packing timber; Geotextiles; Paving materials; Electrical cable off-cuts; Concrete;Domestic Wastes: From the labor use on-site.

Adverse impacts on the environment from the possible improper disposal of the solid wastes inaddition to the increased demand for landfill space. Furthermore, adverse impacts fromincreased traffic load when transporting waste to designated landfills and/or disposal sites areexpected.

Accordingly, the impact of improper solid waste handling is expected to be high.

5.2.1.12 Public HealthSince the pipeline route is located in a desert area, the construction activities will not have anyeffect concerning the public health.

The selected plot for the workers camp for Suez pipeline project will be near the populated areaand the main roads. The location of the workers camp will be decided upon before thecommencement of the construction activities.

Moreover, it is not expected that there will be a spread of infectious diseases among workerssuch as HIV/AIDS since they are not commonly spread among the community. Additionally,the provisions of occupational health and safety laws at the workplace will be applied.


5.2.1.13 Occupational Health and SafetyThe workers will be subjected to health and safety hazards during the construction phase fromthe on-site construction activities.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be medium.

5.2.1.14 Existing InfrastructureThe construction phase may lead to breaking any of the underground infrastructure pipelines(water, sewerage or telecommunication) which will result in negative impacts on the water supplyor the telecommunication service for the surrounding areas and in case of breaking a sewerage

of 237


line, adverse environmental impacts may take place since the sewage may flood to the mainroad/agricultural land, and infiltrate to the ground water and also residents of the affected areawill face water shortage.

The effect of this impact is expected to be medium and for a short period of time.

5.2.1.15 Energy UseThere will be an increase in the energy consumption during the construction phase as a result ofthe transportation of equipment & construction materials to the project site as well as theequipment used for on-site preparation (front loaders, trucks, etc).

However, this increase in energy use is not significant and does not affect other users of energy.

5.2.1.16 Land RequirementsPermanent land acquisition: Permanent acquisition of land for the establishment of the valve rooms.For the current line 2 valve rooms are needed. 1 valve room will be allocated as public propertyland (25*45 m) and the other room exists at Sumed import and will be expanded only.

Temporary land acquisition: The line extends for 4 kms, hence the land requirements forconstruction can be estimated by about 80 kms16. The line passes mainly at desert areas withinthe vicinity of the Sumed import line hence temporary land disruption will not impact ineconomic or physical displacement.

Although the RAP has been prepared and the impact on land acquisition is mostly temporary,localized but with limited severity, this impact is considered limited.

5.2.1.17 Street condition deteriorationStreets rehabilitation or restoration (رد الشئ إلصلھ) following pipeline network installation :iscovered by and Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the responsibility to “restoreto original condition”. In the context of the project, it applies to the responsibility of theimplementing company to provide the necessary resources to re-pave roads and streets to theoriginal state after natural gas excavation and installation works. The current arrangement is thatthe implementing entity performs the backfilling of the excavated trenches and agrees arestoration fee with the local government unit (district) to cover the balance of the restorationand pavement cost. The local unit uses the fee to include the restoration and re-pavement of thestreets in its “pavements plan”.

16 The calculation was based on the length of the line that will cross desert land multiplied by a width of20 m for excavation (10 ms from each side)

of 237


Delays in street restoration may lead to varying degrees of damage to vehicles, loss of access andbusiness, traffic congestions with associated delays and emissions, and a potentially significantpublic discontentment.

Although the restoration impact may be temporary, localized, and of medium severity, it isperceived by the public as moderate inconvenience.

5.2.1.18 Impacts on local mobility due to excavation waste accumulationPotential temporary inconvenience as result of the construction activities may be expected as aresult of the accumulation of wastes (both construction and domestic waste in the constructionareas, associated odor, air emissions, especially dust as a result of excavation. These impacts areof temporary nature and will be of very limited level of severity, particularly since theconstruction activities will be in farms and not populated areasImpact related to accumulation of excavation waste during the construction phase is Moderate

5.2.1.19 Labor conditions and occupational health and safetyThroughout this phase there will be many occupational health and safety risks to workers on thesites. These are generic risks associated with construction sites and include slips and falls; movinglorries and machinery; exposure to chemicals and other hazardous materials; exposure to electricshock and burns; weather related impacts (dehydration; heat stroke). This is short term (6-12months) but because of the large number of unskilled workers who are reluctant to use healthand safety tools.Impact related to Occupational health and safety during the construction phase is Major

5.2.1.20 Influx of Workers to the areaSince the length of the pipeline is quite short and also the excavation will be conducted withinthe land owned Sumed pipeline Company, which is uninhibited. The impacts related of theinflux of workers at the area are considered negligent.

Impact related to the influx of workers to the area during the construction phase is negligent

5.2.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation

5.2.2.1 Air QualityNo gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase except for the potentialnatural gas leak or in case of accidents and during maintenance activities. In addition, the gaseousemissions generated by natural gas combustion for power generation are much lower than thoseassociated with heavy fuel oil (mazout) or coal, which is a positive impact. Additionally, no dustor odor emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase of the project.

of 237



5.2.2.2 Aquatic EnvironmentThe project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment.


5.2.2.3 Noise and vibrationMinimal noise will be generated from the operation of the new valve room since the project doesnot include compression or decompression stations.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be low.

5.2.2.4 Ecology (Flora and Fauna)The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna since the pipeline is laid undergroundwith minimal maintenance activities.


5.2.2.5 Land use, Landscape and Visual ImpactSince the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regainits usage and no visual impacts will occur.


5.2.2.6 Soil, Geology and HydrogeologyThe operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land.


5.2.2.7 TrafficThe operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’transportation.


5.2.2.8 Natural Disaster RiskNatural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may takeplace in the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby humanbeings. This may also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to the nearby area.

Due to the potential harm of the surrounding environment, the impact level of this aspect isconsidered to be high.

of 237


5.2.2.9 Major Accidents and EmergenciesAccidents and emergencies such as release of significant amounts of natural gas due to anyfailure in the pipeline, maintenance activities or as a result of accidents may take place during theoperation of the proposed project. This may also take place as a result of sabotage or trespass.

Such accidents may result in fires in the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or deathto the nearby human beings. This may also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply tothe nearby area. A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted by GASCO to determinethe level of threat to the public in case of an accident or emergency. The results of the QRA areannexed to the ESIA.

Due to the potential harm of the surrounding residents and environment, the impact level of thisaspect is considered to be high.

5.2.2.10 Solid and Hazardous Waste ManagementThe pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have anegative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.11 Public HealthApart from the big accidents that may take place due to the release of significant natural gasamounts, nothing may cause adverse impacts on the public health and the project activity willnot have a negative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.12 Occupational Health and SafetyThe pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a smallnumber of workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity willnot have a negative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.13 Existing InfrastructureThe project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impactconcerning the existing infrastructure.


5.2.2.14 Energy useThis environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed projectwill support Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas for electricity generation in

of 237


addition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. This will eventually lead to economicgrowth as the project implementation will attract economic investments to the region.

Furthermore, the proposed project will facilitate the use of a less carbon intensive fuel (naturalgas) in New Capital Power Plant, with a CO2 emission factor less than that of the grid, since theemission factor of the grid takes into account the use of more carbon intensive fuels in powergeneration (Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal). Thus, the project will result in net reductionin the CO2 emissions that would otherwise be generated using more carbon intensive fuels.Details of the calculations are mentioned in Annex 14.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be high.

of 237


5.2.3 Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project

Activity Air Quality MarineEnvironment Noise Ecology Land Use Soil Traffic Cultural

HeritageNatural

Disasters

Hazardsand

Accidents

WasteDisposal

PublicHealth

OccupationalHealth and

Safety

ExistingFacilities

Construction PhaseSite

PreparationTemporary,

HighTemporary,

LowTemporary,

HighNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableTemporary

, LowTemporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

ExcavationTemporary,

HighTemporary,

LowTemporary,

MediumTemporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, High

PipelinesLaying

Temporary,Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, High

ValveRooms

Construction

NotApplicable

Not Applicable NotApplicable

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary,Low

NotApplicabl

e

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable


PressureReduction

StationsConstruction

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

LeakageDetection

Temporary,Medium

Temporary,High

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicabl

e

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

RestoringLand and

Areas

NotApplicable


NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

NotApplicable


Operation PhaseValve

RoomsOperation

NotApplicable


NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicabl

e

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable


GasTransportati

on LinesOperation

NotApplicable


NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

NotApplicable

NotApplicable


Repairs Temporary,Medium

Not Applicable Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

of 237


5.3 Impacts Significance Ranking

5.3.1 Ranking MethodologyRating matrix method was applied to identify the significance of the impacts presented above forboth the construction and operation phases. Each impact will be given a rank for severity (S) andfrequency of occurrence (F). Ranks are given on a scale from 1 to 5, as shown in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts1 2 3 4 5very low Low Medium High very high

An impact is considered significant if its severity is ranked 4 or higher, or if the product of theseverity and frequency ratings is equal to 12 or higher.

To determine the severity rank, four parameters are considered, as follows:

1. Scale: How far can the impact spread? To exemplify, considerations can include the size ofan area affected by land pollution impacts, number of people affected by health impacts, etc.

2. Possibility of reducing the impact: How difficult will it be to reverse or mitigate the impact?Considerations can include, for instance, availability of technology to change impact, level ofcomplexity of available technology, capacity to apply the available technology, existence ofconstraints to change impact, etc.

3. Cost of changing the impact: How much will it cost to change the impact?, cost in relation tothe means of change considered in the above parameter

4. Effect on public image: To what degree does the impact affect the public image of theenterprise (positively for positive impacts and negatively for negative impacts)?

As for the frequency rank, two parameters are considered:

1. Probability: What is the probability of occurrence of the impact?2. Duration: How long will the impact last?

Equation 1- Formula used to Determine Aspect Significance Ranking:= , , ,= ,= × = ( × ) ≥ 12 OR ≥ 4This analysis is conducted for both the construction and operation phases of the project.

of 237


5.3.2 Determination of Significant Impacts during the Project ConstructionThe rating system discussed above is applied to the environmental impacts resulting from thevarious aspects of the project construction stage, and the detailed assessment table is presentedin table 1 in annex 11.

Applying the impact ranking method discussed in the beginning of this section yields severalsignificant negative impacts for the following aspects of the project construction stage:

1. Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (sitepreparation, excavation, etc)

2. The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper disposal of constructionwastes or debris in the waterways, and in case of improper disposal of water resultingfrom hydrostatic testing.

3. Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and other excavationand construction works.

4. The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewaternetworks pipes, telephone connections… etc. during the construction activities

5. Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous andconstruction waste, such asSoil, Concrete, Welding belts, used oils, starting from theirstorage onsite until the final disposal.

6. Occupational Health and Safety aspects7. Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule8. Traffic impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting construction

materials and equipment to the site.9. Impacts on birds available around the project site especially in case of high noise and

light levels.

Mitigation measures for these significant impacts are discussed in the following subsection.

5.3.3 Determination of Major Impacts during Project OperationThe rating system discussed earlier is applied to the environmental impacts resulting from thevarious aspects of the project operation stage. The detailed assessment table is presented in table2 in annex 11.

For the project operation stage, there are two significant negative impacts appear which appearin:

1. In case of pipeline failure due to maintenance activities, accidents, sabotage or trespass,this may lead to the release of a significant amount of natural gas will cause major risksand to the surrounding communities and the environment.

of 237


2. Natural disasters might lead topipeline failure and accordingly the release of natural gas,which will cause major risks to the surroundings communities and environment.

The project implementation will yield one significant positive impact which is:

1. Supplying the region with natural gas for the electricity generation which will enrich thenational electricity grid

of 237


6 AlternativesThis chapter discusses the different possible alternatives in four main topics: alternativeconstruction methods and technologies (especially in crossing roads, railways and waterways),alternative route options, alternative energy sources other than natural gas, in addition to the“No action” alternative.

6.1 The “No Action” AlternativeThe main target of the proposed project is to import natural gas from Sumed to feed New CairoPower Plant, in order to help meet the growing national demand. In case of having “No Action”,the power plant will depend mainly Mazout “heavy fuel oil” as main fuel or diesel due to theshortage in Natural gas supply. In case of having shortage in Mazout or Diesel, this simplymeans that the power plant will not run in its full capacity, the fact which means lower electricitygeneration with less overall efficiency. In the past years, Egypt has suffered from severalblackouts which led to social problems which have even caused some political unrest. This wasattributed to the shortage in fossil fuels; especially natural gas and mazout. Due to some recentnatural gas discoveries, and after implementing the country’s strategy of switching the cementplants towards using coal instead of natural gas, the latter returns again to be the best alternativeto power plants especially that mazout and diesel are mainly imported. Despite that, and in caseof using mazout or diesel, there will be more polluting air emissions in case of transporting itthrough vehicles, and even during its burning. The option of employing renewable energy todrive the New Capital Power plant is not technically or economically feasible to fully depend onrenewable energy projects to supply the continuously increasing national demand. However,installing renewable energy projects is part of the country’s strategy which targets to have 20% ofits power generation using renewables by 2022, and this project is not interrupting the country’splans in this issue.

6.2 Pipeline Installation Technology AlternativesTo install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging atrench or using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified asguided methods and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in eachcategory will be considered; namely, horizontal directional drilling representing the guidedtrenchless technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and theopen-cut representing the trench technology.

6.2.1 Trenchless TechnologiesSection 2 presents the description of HDD and auger boring technologies. HDD has someadvantages compared to auger boring and open-cut technique as follows:

• Compared to the open-cut technology, it doesn’t cause interruption to traffic flow.

of 237


• Compared to the open-cut technology, it causes fewer disturbances to the surface andsub-surface soil layers.

• Compared to the auger boring technology, it can be used for larger distances and widerrange of pipeline diameters.

• Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a surface-launched process which doesn’trequire drive pits.

• Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a guided method, and accordingly canachieve high accuracy for the pipeline path.

• Can be employed for high depths, and accordingly can avoid any breakage accidents tothe existing infrastructure lines/cables.

On the other hand, HDD suffers from some disadvantages including:

• Like any other trenchless technology, and according to the geologic condition, soilcollapse may take place during the installation.

• In case of having existing infrastructure lines/cables, there will be less flexibility inchoosing the pipeline depth, the fact which may necessitate drilling through soil layerswhich may be of insufficient strength to withstand the slurry’s pressure.

• Not favorable with soils containing gravels and cobbles.

6.2.2 Open-Cut MethodThis is the traditional method for pipeline installation. It is very simple technology which justdepends on excavating the soil, laying the pipeline, and backfilling. However, it is technically notpossible to be used in crossings with major waterways. It can be used in crossings with majorroads and railways; however, this will cause huge interruption to traffic as this will necessitateeither re-routing or reducing the number of lanes. This will lead to reduction in the averagespeed of the vehicles on the road, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may alsoincrease the probability of having car accidents, in addition to negative socio-economic impactsas a result of interrupting the flow of people and goods. Open-cut method may be the onlypossible solution in case of having long pipeline distances such as in agricultural lands or desertareas.

In conclusion, since the pipeline route passes through desert area and does not cross any mainroad or railway, open-cut method is recommended to be used since this will not negatively affectthe environment, and it will be a cheap and safe option.

6.3 Routing AlternativesFrom the environmental and social point of view, the best pipeline route is the one whichminimizes the change in the land use, the interruption of the ecological nature, the intersectionwith residential areas and areas with special nature such as religious buildings and historical areas.

of 237


This point of view intersects with GASCO’s strategy which aim to choose a route away from theresidential areas, and in locations already containing other infrastructure pipelines/cables tominimize disturbance in new areas. GASCO has an unwritten strategy that avoids passingthrough any construction buildings including: houses, religious buildings and historical areas.

As shown in Figure 2-1, the chosen pipeline route starts from an existing room which lies atsouth side of Sokhna port, then the route extends 2 km towards east till it reaches Suez gulfcoast and continuous to extend east through Suez gulf up to 2 km in platform which will beestablished with total length 4 km. The chosen route passes adjacent to Summed petroleumpipelines. The route was chosen is to pass along the borders of Sumed campus and not throughthe campus to enable any further expansion or construction activities in Sumed campus.

The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets, and at the same timealigns with GASCO’s strategy which aims at choosing routes already containing existinginfrastructure pipelines and minimizing disturbance in new areas.GASCO conducted a sitesurvey, and analyzed all the alternatives given the start and end point of the route which is insideSumed Campus; it was found that this is the only possible route for this pipeline.

of 237


7 Mitigation MeasuresBased on the ranking system applied in the previous section for identifying the significantimpacts resulting from the project construction and operation phases, the construction activitieswill cause eight negative impacts in the fields of dust emissions, noise emissions, affectingexisting infrastructure, aquatic environment, occupational health and safety, natural disasters,traffic and generation of construction waste. Also, during the operation phase, it is expected thatany natural gas release due to natural disasters or failure in the pipeline or during themaintenance activities will cause major accidents and hazards to the surrounding environment.

GASCO will implement the following mitigation measures during the construction andoperation phases of the project to eliminate or reduce the probability of occurrence of thenegative impacts.

The controls proposed to mitigate or enhance the negative or positive impacts, successively areelaborated in the following sub-sections.

7.1 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Construction Phase

7.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust EmissionsDuring the construction phase, dust emissions are expected from on-site activities (preparation,excavation, etc.), in addition to the various construction equipment and vehicles that will be usedon site. An assigned supervisor will ensure the implementation of good site constructionpractices as follows:

Appropriate setting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with adequatecover in addition to regular water spraying so as to minimize dust blow.

Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friablematerials.

Transportation of construction waste by a licensed contractor. Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials.

7.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions

Maintaining and operating construction equipment and vehicles properly during theconstruction phase and ensure the compliance of the exhaust emissions from dieselengines with the limits of the environmental law.

Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reducegaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines.

Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible.

of 237


7.1.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Solid, Construction and Hazardous WasteGeneration

The existing solid waste management procedures of GASCO will be adopted. Theexisting management system includes sections on waste reduction, material reuse andrecycling, waste segregation with the objective of minimizing the quantity of wastethat requires offsite disposal.

The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposalof wastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills,…etc) prior to thecommencement of construction activities.

Wastes will be segregated and safely temporarily stored in the allocated areas forwaste storage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t causefurther traffic disruption.

Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air by dust dispersion. Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be

overloaded with wastes volumes. Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded It is prohibited to stockpile or store wastes on the banks of waterways

7.1.3.1 Non-Hazardous Waste Generation

The non-hazardous wastes (paper, garbage, wood, plastics,…) will be segregated andtransported to the local disposal sites by the mean of the approved contractor

The non-hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for recycling or final disposalby a licensed contractor and GASCO will supervise the disposal procedure and theconditions of the trucks.

7.1.3.2 Hazardous Waste Generation The asphalt waste resulting at the end of the construction phase will be disposed with

the construction waste, since asphalt recycling is not a common practice in Egypt.. Activities that involve fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals will not take place on-

site unless it is necessary to avoid soil pollution and generation of additionalhazardous wastes. If such actions will necessarily take place on-site, they will beconducted over impervious surfaces and a spill kit will be made available on-site.

Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approvedhazardous wastes facility in coordination with the local authorities. .

The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred toauthorized petroleum companies (Misr Petroleum & Petrotrade companies) to berecycled

of 237


According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up recordsand manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agenciescontracted to receive such wastes.

7.1.3.3 Construction Waste Generation The construction waste generated has to be disposed in safe locations assigned by the

contractor and the local authorities before starting the construction phase. Landfillon Suez-Ismailia desert road at 5 km road sign can be used for the disposal ofconstruction wastes. However, the contractor will coordinate with the localauthorities before the commencement of construction activities the exact landfill tobe used.

A temporary storage location near the pipeline in the construction process has to beassigned. These storage areas should be far away from the traffic congested areas andthe stockpiling isn’t allowed on banks of waterways.

Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved andsafe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to makesure that this process occurs without any hazards or problems.

Excavated soil will be reused in the backfilling of the pipeline. The excess excavatedsoil volumes will be either spread all over the site in the desert areaor sent to theconstruction wastes landfill.

7.1.4 Damage to Existing InfrastructureThere is a high risk of damaging the infrastructure lines that have been established a long timeago without having a proper and accurate mapping or documentation that shows the depths andthe routes of these lines (ex. Water, sewage and telecommunication lines...etc). The followingmitigation measures will be applied to the proposed project:

The contractor will gather the most accurate area maps for infrastructure routes beforecommencing excavation

The contractor will performs exploratory excavations manually in the area of the projectin order to avoid any damage to the existing infrastructure.

If a line break occurs, the site manager has to quickly notify the nearest policedepartment and the correspondent authority (according to the type of broken pipe). Theauthority shall repair the damaged line as soon as possible and the contractor will pay therepairing costs.

In case an infrastructure line is damaged, a documentation report for infrastructure pipedamage shall be prepared for the any accident, containing the following aspects:

a. Time and location of accidentb. Name of contractor/subcontractor causing the accident.c. Type of damaged infrastructure line

of 237


d. Description of accident circumstances and causes in addition to the extension ofdamage.

e. Actions taken and responses of different parties, such as correspondent authorityf. Duration of fixing the damage

7.1.5 NoiseConstruction activities will cause increase in the ambient noise levels that resulting from thevehicles and machines used for excavation and construction purposes. However, this impact istemporary and will diminish by the end of the construction phase. The following mitigationmeasures will be applied to reduce the noise impact during the construction phase:.

Noise exposure periods should be minimized for workers so as not to exceed the safelimits mentioned in the environmental laws in addition to the occupational health andsafety standards. .

Workers operating in areas or activities of high noise level intensities should be suppliedwith earmuffs

Contractors should train all the workers before the commencement of constructionactivities about this hazard and how to avoid it.

Avoid construction activities during peak hours of heavy traffic whenever possible;especially when the project site is in proximity of a sensitive receptor.

Restrictions on lorry movements to prevent noise nuisance in the early morning/lateevening

All machine and vehicles should be shut-off when not used.

7.1.6 Management of Traffic Disruptions

Informational signs should be posted at the construction zones before thecommencement of any construction activities to inform drivers and ensure the safety ofthe roads.

According to the Egyptian Road Code of Practice (Ministry of Housing, 1998), markings,in the form of lane lines and directional arrows, will be posted to direct drivers to theproper lane changes and turnings during the construction phase.

The contractors and the site supervisor should choose a location for temporary storageof construction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction soas not to cause further traffic disruptions due to routes blockages. In case lateralexcavations will take place, alternative routes should be decided upon and facilitated forthe use of drivers. The time period of using such alternative roads should be minimized.

Pedestrian crossings can be provided if necessary. Construction work should be avoided at the traffic peak times whenever possible.

of 237


Upon using the open-cut method in agricultural lands, alternative roads should bedeveloped to facilitate the entrance to the farms and an agreement should be held withthe owner of these farms beforehand

Uncontrolled off road driving will be prohibited.

7.1.7 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water Bodies/Wastewater generation In case groundwater occurs in the construction site, all the necessary permits from the

local sewage or irrigation authority for dewatering should be obtained and the drainage ofdewatering water should be pre-planned

If the groundwater is contaminated or contains hydrocarbons that could be observed orsmelled, it should be collected in separate barrels and transported to a specializedwastewater treatment facility

All liquid waste generated such as chemicals and sewage should be collected in suitabletanks to prevent their drainage over land.

The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline should be tested beforebeing discharged in a water body or be collected in temporary storage tanksandtransported directly to the nearest waste water treatment plant after coordinating withthe wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquaticenvironment.

Sanitary waste water will be collected in temporary storage tanks and sent via a certifiedcontractor to a waste water treatment plant

7.1.8 Management of Accidental Spills or ReleasesAs part of the HSE management system applied by GASCO, procedure documents are in placefor dealing with accidental oil or chemicals spills or releases. The procedure stated that in casesof simple spills the following procedure will be followed:

1. Isolating the spill source.2. Reporting to the HSE department3. The contaminated area should be covered with dry sand to absorb the spilled

amount4. The now contaminated sand should be collected in labeled containers marked as

hazardous waste and moved to the segregation area.

While in case of major spills or leaks of chemicals or oil, the following procedure will befollowed:

1. All the workers should evacuate the work area except for the emergency team.2. The emergency team should be wearing PPE (Breathing apparatus)3. Isolating the spill source.4. The contaminated area should be surrounded by dry sand or sawdust to prevent

the spread of the oil or chemical leaked

of 237


5. The contaminated area should be covered by firefighting foal to stop thematerial from evaporating

6. The spilled materials is collected through a vacuum pump and placed in specialcontainers to return it back to the tank, in case of it being clean, or sending it tothe designated department for disposal at Sidpec company (for oil refining)

7. The contaminated sand should be collected in labeled containers marked ashazardous waste and moved to the segregation area.

The spill or leak contingency procedure is also referred to in the HSE procedure for themaintenance and oil replacement operations. Both HSE management procedures are presentedin annex 15 of this report.

7.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety Ensure the adequate implementation of occupational health and safety provisions on-site

such as providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers. The site should be provided by all the protective and safety requirements stipulated by

labor laws and occupational health.

7.1.10 Land Use Restoring the land to its original condition at the end of the construction phase. Hazardous liquids have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks to

the ground

7.1.11 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and AccidentsGASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard thepipeline during the construction activities and protect the surroundings. An emergencypreparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to giveinstructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergencysituations that may occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reducethe risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations.

7.1.12 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural HeritageAn approval from the Egyptian Archaeological Agency was obtained for the route andconsultation was made with the agency regarding any archaeological or historical sites knownalong the pipeline route. If any archeological, historic, or cultural heritage sites are discoveredduring the different construction activities (e.g. ditching, drilling), GASCO is committed toimmediately stop the construction activities, and inform the National Supreme Council ofAntiquities (and this is the chance find procedure followed by GASCO).

of 237


7.1.13 Mitigation Measures for the Ecological ImpactsThe birds in the project area may be negatively affected by the construction activities causingexcessive noise and light. Accordingly, the following mitigation measures will be applied:

All machine and vehicles should be shut-off when not used. Restrictions on lorry movements to prevent noise nuisance Construction activities during night will be minimized Use low-wattage light sources

7.1.14 Management of Street Restoration after asphalt breakingOver the years of implementing natural gas connection projects across Egypt, protocols to dealwith national and local administrative requirements have been institutionalized betweencompanies of the Natural Gas sector and the various government/administration entities. Suchprotocols comply with national legislation and administrative procedures and have becomefamiliar and standard. The main features of the protocols for street restoration are:

- Close and early coordination between the implementing company (and the excavationcontractor, if applicable), the local unit, and any other relevant authorities (in the case ofpublic roads, the Roads and Bridges Directorate may become the counterpart to theimplementing company)

- Agreement on the restoration arrangements, schedules, fees, and payment schedules- Coordination with the General Utilities before starting work especially the Traffic

Department, sewerage, water, telephones and electricity departments.- Payment of restoration fees by the implementing company before works commencement- Documentation of the agreement and adoption by all involved parties- Communication with the Public and relevant authorities (such as the security and the

traffic departments) regarding excavation and restoration plansAs mentioned in the impacts section of the study, restoration and re-pavement of streets post-construction and excavation is one of the impacts which are highly perceived by the public. Theimplementing entity agrees a restoration fee with the local administration unit in charge of thearea. The fee is used by the local unit to include the restoration in their re-pavement plans. Insome cases, the restoration and re-pavement job is carried out by the Roads and bridgesdirectorate who, in turn, schedule the re-pavements in their own plans. A key to minimize publicdiscontentment and socioeconomic impacts of excavated streets is quick restoration andeffective communication with regarding work and restoration schedules.

7.1.15 Management of Community health and safetyIn addition to all the environmental and social management and monitoring measures in thissection which aim for health and safety, awareness-raising actions and signs should be providedto workers and community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors hired

of 237


by the implementing company to oversee work sites and will be largely responsible for childrenand their safety around the construction site.

7.1.16 Management of grievances (Environmental and Social Grievance RedressMechanisms)

Grievance system is also important to ensure that complaints are properly handled without delaythat may negatively affect the project. Moreover, to ensure that information is sharedtransparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning GRM isconsidered to be a good feedback mechanism from the project affected persons and one tool ofthe citizen engagement.

GASCO operates a comprehensive GRM procedure: Leaflets, posters and brochures areprepared and distributed to the beneficiaries, NGOs, local governmental units, mosques andchurches. Thus, sufficient and appropriate information about the GRM will be shared with thecommunities prior to the construction phase.

Additionally, the World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) provides an additional,accessible way for individuals and communities to complain directly to the World Bank if theybelieve that a World Bank-financed project had or is likely to have adverse effects on them ortheir community. The GRS enhances the World Bank’s responsiveness and accountability byensuring that grievances are promptly reviewed and responded to, and problems and solutionsare identified by working together. The GRS ensures that complaints are being promptlyreviewed and addressed by the responsible units in the World Bank.

The objective of the Grievance Redress Service is to make the Bank more accessible for project-affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-relatedcomplaints through the following link (http://www.worldbank.org/grs) and e-mail([email protected]).

The following procedures will be applied in order to have a clear grievance’s activities:

7.1.16.1 Institutional Responsibility for GrievancesGASCO Compensation Committee and Social Development Officer (SDO) in cooperation withthe local government units, governorates, agriculture associations, and the project manager willaddress all grievances raised by community people, particularly the ones related to resettlementactivities.

The main tasks of the Social Development Officer are:

1- Raise awareness about the grievances mechanisms among the PAPs2- Collect the grievances received from different channel3- Document received grievances4- Direct the grievance to the responsible department to address the grievance5- Follow up on the resolution6- Document, report and disseminate outcomes of the grievances

of 237


7- Monitoring of grievances activities

7.1.16.2 Grievances TiresThe proposed mechanism is built on two tiers of grievances:

First tier of Grievances: Project Manager (on Site) Eng. Tarek Mamdouh(01008025500) / Social Development Officer – Eng. Ahmed Galal (0121 1878678)

The Project Manager for each site / SDO is responsible to ensure that the GRM systemis widely advertised and well explained on the local level. Moreover, s/he will follow upon the complaint until a resolution is reached. The turnaround time for theresponse/resolution should be 10 days and The SDO should inform the complainant ofthe outcome of the grievance.

It is worth noting that most of the previous experience of GASCO is suggesting thatcomplaints are usually handled efficiently and resolved on the local level. In case the PAPis not satisfied with the resolution, the complainant shall submit the grievance to thesecond level of grievance.

Second tier of Grievances: On the level of GASCO headquarter (MediationCommittee)

If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision of the first tier, he can raise thecomplaint to the Mediation Committee at GASCO headquarter. The Mediationcommittee should ensure a resolution is made within 15 days.

The above mentioned tiers are consistent with the World Bank’s policy OP 4.12. Providingmulti-levels of tiers will result in amicable implementation of the project. It is a function of theproject, to provide aggrieved people with an avenue for amicable settlement without necessarilypursuing a court case. The absence of first tier mechanism denies project affected groups thedirect channel for grievance and delays resolution of disputes against the interest of both thePAP and the project.

7.1.16.3 Grievance channelsDue to the diversity of the context in different Governorates and the socioeconomiccharacteristics of the beneficiaries, the communication channels to receive grievances werelocally tailored to address all petitioners concerns and complaints. The following are the mainchannels through which grievances will be received:

1. Project Manager (on Site)acts as the main channel for receiving complaints. He isavailable on the location. Most of the complaints raised to him/her are raised verbal. Heshould document all received grievances in written form, giving each grievance a serialnumber.

2. Hotline: 149 is the hotline in GASCO

of 237


3. Community leaders and NGOs/CDAs are an appropriate channel, particularly, in ruralareas.

4. Regular meetings with community members including influential stakeholders5. GASCO Website for literate persons who have access to the internet6. GASCO Compensation Committee, Mediation Committee and Government Relations

Committee

7.1.16.4 Response to grievancesResponse to grievance will be through the following channels

1. The same channel the complaint was submitted.2. Response to grievances should be handled in timely manner (according the duration

indicated for each tier), thereby conveying a genuine interest in and understanding of theworries put forward by the community.

3. GASCO should keep a record of complaints and results.

7.1.16.5 Monitoring of grievancesAll grievance activities should be monitored in order to verify the process. The followingindicators should guide the monitoring process:

1. Number of received grievances per month (Channel, gender, age, basic economicstatus of the complainants should be included)

2. Type of grievance received (according to the topic of the complaint)3. Number of grievances solved4. Level of satisfaction with grievance resolutions5. Documentation efficiency6. Dissemination activities done7. Efficiency of response to grievance provided ( efficiency in time and action taken)

A Grievance Monitoring Report should be developed on a quarterly basis in order tokeep track of all grievances developed. The report should be developed by the SDO inthe GASCO headquarter

All grievances received shall be documented in a grievance register. The following tablerepresents the main contents of such form:

Box 1: Grievance formSerial Number:Markaz:Date:Gender of the aggrieved personAge of the aggrieved personEducation of the person reporting a grievanceTopic of grievanceActions to be taken (short term- long term)

of 237


The referral of grievanceMonitoring for grievance

Figure 7-1 Grievance Form

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Operation Phase

7.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard

the pipeline during its operation and protect the surroundings. A full description of thetechnical design measures used to mitigate the risk of any operational failures is providedin the QRA report prepared by GASCO.

Regarding the possibility of release of significant amount of natural gas during thepipeline operation, regular inspection and preventive maintenance activities will beconducted by GASCO to check the pipeline connection and the welding efficiency. Theinspection will additionally include checking any construction activities in the vicinity ofthe pipeline to prevent any failure that may lead to breakage or threaten the safeoperation of the pipeline.

The pipeline is monitored by centralized SCADA systems monitored by GASCO toobserve the operating parameters of the pipelines. If any failure occurred such ascorrosions or leaks, valves supplying the pipeline will be shut down and the maintenanceteam will implement the appropriate maintenance actions. In addition to that, signs witha number for emergency will be placed on the pipeline route to be used in case of anyemergency. Also, signs indicating the presence of the high pressure pipeline underneathwill be posted.

Advanced fire and gas detection systems as well as shutdown and isolation systems willbe installed all over the pipeline.

Pipeline patrolling will be conducted to ensure there are no encroachments on thepipeline, and the frequency of patrolling will vary according to area class as follows:Pipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 1 6 months No survey

Location Class 2 1 month vehicularaccessible areas in canal andriver crossings

6 months Arable land,AGIs, valve rooms,crossings, sleeves

Location Class 3 2 weeks survey all areas

Location Class 4 2 weeks survey all areas

of 237


All necessary permits will be obtained from landowners, farmers, railways, etc. prior tostarting work. The patrol will ensure that he holds a valid identity card or letter ofauthorization.

Leakage surveying will be conducted to protect the surrounding population and workersagainst the effects of gas leakage from the pipeline in case any damage to the pipeline isdetected. The survey will be conducted in areas where the pipeline runs close to buildingsand workers.

Emergency Response Plan

An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be inplace to give instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents andemergency situations that may occur during the pipeline operation and how to respond to themto reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations. Workerswill be provided with adequate emergency preparedness and response training and simulations.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures includes the following aspects:

Overview of emergency management Emergencies classes brief description Key personnel responsibilities Typical site emergency procedure Emergency communication plan

GASCO HSE General Manager coordinates with all GASCO sites to review and updatetheemergency = plan at least once a year, and all GASCO sites are provided with sufficient andsuitable tools and capabilities needed for emergency situations. These facilities may be some orall of the following:

Fire-fighting equipment Fire-fighting systems & automatic safety control systems Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The emergency response plan includes also a hotline for the local community to report anyemergencies. The number is “149” and it is advertised along the signs added to locate thepipeline.

Moreover, in planning the emergency preparedness response, GASCO takes into account theneeds of relevant interested parties, e.g. emergency services and neighbors; where arrangementswith the neighboring communities are agreed and considered to integrate them in emergencypreparedness plan to overcome any possible accidents. Trial emergency experiments also take

of 237


place periodically according to contingency plan requirements; involving relevant interestedparties as appropriate. The full details of the HSE plan during the operation are attached inAnnex 6.

7.2.2 Energy UseThis environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed projectwill support Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas for electricity generation inaddition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. This will eventually lead to economicgrowth as the project implementation will attract economic investments to the region.

7.2.3 Community health and safetySeveral measures are suggested to overcome obstacles to full understanding and adoption ofsafety measures by the clients in the social management plan. Examples include using drawingsinstead of written instructions to improve communication with illiterate customers, coordinatingwith women of local NGOs to explain safety precautions to women in the households to beconnected, and constantly monitoring the performance of emergency response units.

GASCO must perform regular inspections and maintain awareness campaigns to ensure that NGpipelines are not subject to encroachments as well as explain the components of the NG passingthrough the lines and measures to be taken in case of any accidents such as calling the hotline.

of 237


8 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)8.1 Objectives of the ESM&MPThe objective of the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP), isto outline actions for minimizing or eliminating potential negative impacts and for monitoringthe application and performance of mitigation measures. The ESMMP identifies roles andresponsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation and monitoring of mitigations.This section also presents an assessment of the institutional capacity for implementing theESMMP.

Wherever applicable, the ESMMP is designed to accommodate alternative context-specificmitigations and monitoring measures.

8.2 Institutional Framework for ImplementationThe project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO), an affiliateof the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), which owns a majority share.

The following project management chart Figure 8-1 – Site Project Management Structure inGASCO, of GASCO indicates that the responsibility of each relevant employee in the project’simplementation.

Figure 8-1 – Site Project Management Structure in GASCOThe Environmental Policy of GASCO mentions that the company and its affiliates arecommitted to:

Comply with legislation relevant to their nature of activity

Project ManagerEng. Tarek Mamdouh

Tasks InspectionMr. Tamer Farahat

Financial andAdministrative AffairsMr. Walid Abdel Kader

Site ManagerEng. Ahmed Hamed

Safety, Environment andHealth

Eng. Ehab Saad

Survey WorkMr. Ibrahim

Abdelmoneim

Civil WorkEng. Ahmed Medhat

Mechanical WorkMr. Mohamed Fouad

Engineering WorkInspection

Eng. Ahmed Hamed

Electrical Work andDevices

Eng. Mahmoud Gamal

Governmental RelationsMr. Ali Labib

Cathodic ProtectionEng. Mohamed El-

Saeeid

of 237


Provide training and awareness for their staff in order to carry out their work safely Achieve continual improvement in the fields of safety, health and environment Investigate and analyze incidents to prevent its recurrence Follow-up companies and contractors compliance and implementation of health, safety

and environment rules, regulations and provisions Provide necessary information and data on health, safety and environment Ensure execution of the policy through setting objectives, targets and an action plan. The

policy shall be reviewed whenever needed

Staff members of GASCO carry out audits and, to make sure the EMS is being implementedaccording to set objectives and targets. As part of the EMS procedures, GASCO presentsmonthly and quarterly reports about its environmental performance. GASCO reviews thesereports, and makes occasional site inspections to compare these reports with field conditions.

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing AgencyGASCO is also certified for ISO: 14001 and OHSAS: 18001, and has direct involvement in theenvironmental management and monitoring of the natural gas pipeline. One of the standardtasks of the HSE Department of GASCO, which is followed up by EGAS, is establishingEnvironmental Registers for facilities, and frequent auditing of this register. The EnvironmentalRegister is audited by the Environmental Department head of GASCO. The HSE Departmentperforms audits twice annually on the average, in addition to infrequent and emergencyinspections. The routine monitoring activities performed include:

Visual inspection of solid waste and scrap, and disposal methods Visual inspection of existence of liquid waste such as leaked condensate hydrocarbons or

chemicals used in the heaters Checking that handling of hazardous waste is according to the approved procedures,

which are described below Use gas analyzers to measure SO, CO, CH4 and O2 in ambient air, and detect possible

leaks Noise measurements

GASCO HSE personnel have received training on environmental auditing, environmentalimpact assessments for industrial establishments, and environmental legislation.

The Environmental Department of GASCO has been less involved on design, planning,tendering and construction procedures of natural gas connection projects. Their role has beenmore effective in the operational phase according to the described procedures above. However,the Safety Department in GASCO usually reviews designs, and assigns full time staff member tosupervise the construction contractor, making sure that adequate safety measures are consideredduring design and implemented during construction.

of 237


The current positions and person-power of the HSE Department of GASCO is shown inFigure 8-2 These positions are divided over three sectors of the HSE Department, namelyEnvironmental Protection, Safety and Fire Fighting, and Technical Consultancy and Inspection.Furthermore, representatives from each sector are present at the Site HSE department, as well asthe HSE headquarters. The organizational structure is shown in the following figure.

Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power

The ESMP will suggest mitigation and monitoring responsibilities for the contractor andGASCO’s HSE Department. The assignment of these responsibilities among the various sectorsof the department is the decision of GASCO HSE Management

.

of 237


Figure 8-3 - GASCO HSE Organizational Chart

of 237


8.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing AgencyThe analysis conducted during the preparation of the ESIA and the RAP showed clearly that themain impacts that should be carefully mitigated and addressed is the impact related to temporaryand permanent land acquisition and the accompanying process of crops valuation and payingcompensation. Currently, this process is done by GASCO through the CompensationDepartment, which participated in the formation of a Compensation Committee for the project.

The ESIA team noted that although this department is fully aware of the acquisition andcompensation issues and is adapting an approach which is very close to the Bank's requirements,certain specific considerations related to OP 4.12 are still not very clear for GASCO staff. TheESIA team suggests appointing a "Social Development Officer" who should be working on fulltime basis during the project construction to ensure the social management plan is sufficientlyaddressed. The Social Development Officer might be a GASCO staff with relevant background(e.g. a background in social development or social science). It is required that the "SocialOfficer" be aware of the World Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement and theassociated procedures. Training courses on participatory approaches and the aspects of OP 4.12might be needed in order to build his/her capacity to efficiently follow up the implementation ofthe social management plan. The Social Development Officer will be working closely with theConsultant who will be preparing the RAP.

8.2.2.1 Social Development OfficerThe main roles and responsibilities of the Social Development Officer are as follows:

He/She is the primary person in charge of ensuring that the proposed socialmanagement plan is sufficiently considered and applied.

Develop detailed list of the local stakeholders and the NGOs representatives andmaintain communication channels with them and ensure that they are engaged andconsulted

Developing all the required techniques and formats to monitor the implantation of thesocial management plan

Report to the WB on the progress related to the ESMP and the safeguard policiesincluding the fair compensation to PAPs

Assure transparent and timely sharing of information Review PAPs grievance and conduct regular feedbacks and meetings as a proactive and

early measure to eliminate disputes Follow up the progress to respond to the concerns of PAPs Work closely with local NGOs and other stakeholders to raise the awareness of local

communities on the safety of line and other related issues.This social management plan involves a monitoring process that will be the main responsibilityof the Social Development Officer. The monitoring of the compensation process and theadherence to the safeguard policy OP 4.12 necessitates the development of some

of 237


forms/templates in order to be able to process the management and monitoring systemappropriately. This includes a Registration Form for affected plots, containing specificinformation to identify the owner and the approximate value of the crops. Also, a grievanceform should be used to record any complaints and ensure that action will be taken. Draft modelfor these forms are provided in Annex B. It should be noted that these forms should be updatedby the Social Development Officer based on the actual needs.

The results of the monitoring and management system should be reported quarterly to theHeadquarter of GASCO. The monitoring and management will be implemented by the branchesof GASCO in each governorate under the supervision of the Social Development Officer.

In addition to appointing the Social Development Officer other local-based mechanisms are alsosuggested, mainly the establishment Compensation Committee with main objective of workingas a safeguard mechanism to ensure that the interests of the poor and most vulnerable areprotected and to ensure that the valuation and compensation process is as transparent aspossible.

8.2.2.2 Compensation CommitteeThe main roles and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are as follows:

Supervise the inventory survey for the project affected persons (PAPs) Valuate the affected assets Estimate the amount of compensations to PAPs based on the collected information

(Egyptian legislations and the World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.12) Prepare and disseminate lists of PAPs Obtaining approvals from GASCO on the planned compensation Apply proactive mechanism for grievance redress including transparent sharing of

information, carrying out consultative activities with the local communities and ensuringinvolvement of local leaders in resolving disputes.

Ensure that grievances are addressed

Normally, this Committee (currently is formed under GASCO projects) is composed of amanager, an accountant and a lawyer. The committee will be composed of the followingmembers:

A representative from the GASCO (namely the Social Development Officer and the staffof the Compensation Department including the lawyer,

A representative from the contractor A representative from the Agriculture Association

of 237


In cases of acceleration of disputes, a Supreme Compensation Committee with the responsiblyof settling disputes could involve the same composition above headed by councilor from theSupreme Court. It should be stressed here that all possible mitigation actions and proceduresshould be considered in order to prevent the in necessity of involving the Supreme Committee.

8.3 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Construction Phase

8.3.1 Management of Air Quality

8.3.1.1 Management of Dust EmissionsMonitoring dust emissions will take place by monitoring activities that generate dust such as(excavation, preparation of site, vehicles and equipment movement..); ensuring that measures forminimizing dust emissions are applied properly while performing such activities.

8.3.1.2 Management of Gaseous EmissionsMonitoring of air emissions will be done by the periodic inspection of vehicle maintenanceschedules, and black smoke produced from any machinery should be observed on-site.

8.3.2 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation

8.3.2.1 Solid and Construction Waste GenerationTo monitor solid and construction waste management practices, observation of solid andconstruction waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal fromthe site. Site observations will also take place to ensure that solid and construction wastesstockpiles do not contain hazardous components and monitor the frequency of their removalfrom the site.

8.3.2.2 Hazardous Waste GenerationTo monitor hazardous waste management practices, observation of hazardous waste stockpilesshould take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.3 Management of Land Use• Recording any spills or leakages incidents and periodically analyzing these data.

• Surveying of structural status of buildings and performing soil investigations shall beundertaken under the supervision of a structural consultancy firm if necessary.

• The pipeline route should be revisited and investigated at the end of the construction phase toensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project. These

of 237


observations can be performed as part of the pipeline patrolling and leakage surveying, describedin Section7.2.1.

8.3.4 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing InfrastructureSuch risk can be monitored by documenting and analyzing reasons that led to the existence ofsuch type of accidents and updating procedures to prevent their reoccurrence in the future.

8.3.5 Management of Noise ProductionMonitoring of noise impacts can be done by periodic observation of the extent ofimplementation of the mitigation measures mentioned above in section 7.1.5.

8.3.6 Management of Traffic CongestionImplementation of all mitigation measures mentioned in section 7.1.6 in coordination withTraffic Departments of the appropriate governorate shall be monitored.

8.3.7 Management for Occupational Health and SafetyManagement of Occupational health and safety can be monitored by on-site observations andalso by assuring that all health and safety measures mentioned in section 7.1.8 are appliedadequately on-site during the construction phase. An occupational health and safety plan done bythe contractor is available for the construction phase and could be found in annex 13.

8.3.8 Management of Water Use/Wastewater Generation Monitoring if any oily appearance or smell is observed on-site. This could indicate

whether to classify this water as hazardous waste or not, and determine whether it shouldbe sent to an appropriate treatment plant. Coordination with MWRI is necessaryregarding the water generated from the hydrostatic testing.

Reviewing the hazardous wastes register to track the quantities and types of generatedchemicals and oils wastes on-site and assure that the collection and handling of suchsubstances is done by an authorized contractor.

8.3.9 Monitoring Activities TableThe tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementationdirect responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoringactivities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the construction phase.

The preliminary cost for the general implementation and supervision for all the proposedmitigation measures was estimated to be approximately 13,000 EGP/month. Additional costswill be stated for some mitigation measures in the following table.

of 237


Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction phasePotential EnvironmentalImpact




Estimated Cost

Air emissions Implementation ofregular maintenanceschedule for machinery

Ensuring that vehiclesand equipment will notbe left runningunnecessarily to reducegaseous and exhaustemissions from dieselengines


GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost: 13000 EGP/month

Dust Emissions Water spraying beforeexcavation, filling,loading and unloading

Spraying of stockpiles,storage in covered areas

Using paved routes toaccess the site whereverpossible.

Sheeting of Lorriestransporting friable

Contractor GASCOHSE sitesupervisor


of 237


Potential EnvironmentalImpact




Estimated Cost

construction materials Ensuring transportation

of construction waste bya licensed contractor

Minimizing drop heightsfor material transferactivities such asunloading of friablematerials

Risk of damaging existinginfrastructure

Consult maps beforeexcavation work

Use of trial pits Analysis of accidents

logs If a line break occurs, the

nearest policedepartment and thecorresponding authorityshall be informed torepair the damaged line



Cost of infrastructuredamage will varyaccording to the type ofdamage. The cost will becharged on thecontractor.

of 237






Estimated Cost

Solid, Construction andhazardous waste generation

Identification and useof approved nearbydisposal sites throughlocal authority

On-site segregation ofwastes according totheir types

Designation and use ofappropriate stockpilinglocations on site

Covering wastestockpiles to avoidambient air pollution

Daily hauling of wasteto disposal site incovered trucks

Activities involvingfueling, lubricating oradding chemicals willnot take place on-site(unless it is necessary)to avoid soil pollution


Hazardous WasteDisposal: 3500EGP/ton +transportation cost


of 237






Estimated Cost

and generation ofadditional hazardouswastes

Containers of usedchemicals and oil will becollected and disposedin an approvedhazardous wastesfacility

The hazardous liquidwaste will be collectedin specific drums andtransferred byauthorized companies

Noise

Minimize the time ofexposure of workers tonoise

Ensuring the use of earplugs in the field

Training all the workersbefore thecommencement of



of 237






Estimated Cost

construction activitiesabout this hazard andhow to avoid it

Construction activitieswill be minimizedduring night so as notto disturb thesurroundings

All machines andvehicles should be shut-off when not used

Traffic Congestion Using signs for driversbefore thecommencement of anyconstruction activitiesto inform drivers andensure the safety of theroads

Planning alternativeroutes when roads areobstructed

Choosing a location for



of 237






Estimated Cost

temporary storage ofconstruction materials,equipment, tools,wastes and machinerybefore construction soas not to cause furthertraffic disruptions

Avoiding constructionwork at the traffic peaktimes whenever possible

Prohibitinguncontrolled off roaddriving

Water Bodies/Wastewatergeneration

Acquire dischargepermits fromsewage/irrigationauthority

Liquid waste generatedsuch as chemicals andsewage should becollected in suitabletanks



Sampling cost: 6500EGP/ sample

of 237






Estimated Cost

The water resultingfrom the hydrostatictest of the pipelineshould be tested beforebeing discharged in awater body or betransported directly tothe nearest watertreatment plant. Priorcoordination with theMinistry of WaterResources andIrrigation (MWRI) isnecessary

Sanitary waste waterwill be collected intemporary storagetanks and sent viacertified contractors toa waste watertreatment plant

Hazards and Accidents An emergency GASCO HSE department GASCO Headquarters GASCO management cost(General Implementation/

of 237






Estimated Cost

preparedness responseplan, which is alreadyprepared by GASCO,will be in place to giveinstructions about theidentification of thepotential occurrence ofaccidents andemergency situationsthat may occur duringthe pipelineconstruction and howto respond to them toreduce the risks andimpacts that may beassociated with theseemergency situations

Gasco’s spillcontingency plan willbe applied in case ofany accidental spills andrelease occurrence.

supervision cost)

Ecological impacts All machine and Contractor GASCO Headquarters General Implementation/

of 237






Estimated Cost

vehicles should be shut-off when not used.

Restrictions on lorrymovements to preventnoise nuisance

Construction activitiesduring night will beminimized

Use low-wattage lightsources

supervision cost

Land Use

Restoring the land to itsoriginal condition at theend of the constructionphase.

Hazardous liquids haveto be handled carefullyin order to avoid thespilling or leaks to theground


Occupational Health andSafety

Ensure the adequateimplementation ofoccupational health and


Training Cost: 6000EGP/training program

General

of 237






Estimated Cost

safety provisions on-sitesuch as providing thepersonal protectiveequipment (PPE) to theworkers.

The site should beprovided by all theprotective and safetyrequirements stipulatedby labor laws andoccupational health.

Implementation/supervision cost

Archaeological, Historicand Cultural Heritage

Chance-find procedurewill be applied in case ofany artifacts were found

Contractor GASCO Headquarters No Cost

Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction


Responsibilityforimplementation


Location Methods Estimated Cost(estimate costs)

of 237






Air emissions Inspection ofvehicle andmachinerymaintenanceschedule


Quarterly Documentationoffice

Review ofschedule

13000EGP/monthfor Generalimplementationand supervisioncost

Exhaustemissionsconcentrationsfrom dieselgenerators



Once beforeconstructioncommencement,then quarterlyfor each vehicle

Vehiclemaintenancesite

Sampling ofexhaustemissions

10000 EGP/sample

Dust Emissions Inspection ofthe constructionactivities



Site observation Generalimplementationand supervisioncost

of 237






Risk ofdamagingexistinginfrastructure

Frequency andlocation ofdamageincidents


Monthly Documentationoffice

Documentationin the monthlyHSE reports andaccidents logs


Cost ofinfrastructuredamage willvary accordingto the type ofdamage. Thecost will becharged on thecontractor.

Solid,Constructionand hazardouswastegeneration

Use of on-siteallocatedstockpilelocations



Site observation Generalimplementation/ supervisioncost

On-sitesegregation ofhazardous waste

Contractor GASCOEnvironmental


Site observation GeneralImplementation/ supervision

of 237






componentsfromconstructionwastes and othernon-hazardouswastes

Officer cost

Quantities andtypes of wastegenerated



Recording ofdailytransportationstatistics andrecords from thewaste disposalsites

hazardouswaste disposal:3500 EGP/ton+transportationcost

Noise

Sound intensitylevels andexposuredurations

Contractor

(via third party)


Quarterly, atleast onemeasurementpercontractor/sub-contractor

Constructionsite

Noise recording,reporting inmonthly reports

GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

Sampling

of 237






Cost: 5000EGP/ sample

Complaintsfromneighboringresidents



Assessment ofthe filedcomplaints


Use of earmuffsby Constructionworkers



Site observation GeneralImplementation/ supervisioncost

TrafficCongestion

Trafficcongestions



Obstructedroadsobservation


Complaintsfromneighboring/



Assessment ofthe filed

GeneralImplementation/ supervision

of 237






affectedresidents

Officer complaints cost

Appropriateimplementationof themitigationsmeasures agreedupon with thecontractor


Monthly Constructionsite


Restoring thedug trench-lineto its originalcondition at theend of theconstructionphase


At the end ofthe constructionphase

Constructionsite


of 237






Waterbodies/Wastewater generation

Oily appearanceor smell ofwastewaterstreams

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)

Contractor

(via third party)


Continuousduringconstructionand hydrostatictesting

Constructionsite

Site observationand chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


Wastewateranalysis afterhydrostatictesting

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will be

Contractor

(via third party)


Beforewastewaterdischarge

Constructionsite

Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


of 237






discharged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)

Soil/Land Use Recording anyspills or leakagesincidents andperiodicallyanalyzing thesedata.


Upon detectionof any spillageor leakageincidence

Constructionsite


Surveying ofstructural statusof buildings andperforming soilinvestigations

Contractor

(via third party)


Yearly, ifnecessary

Structuralconsultancyfirm for theaffected site (ifany)

Structuralconsultancy firm


The pipelineroute should berevisited and


After end ofconstruction

Constructionsite

Site investigation GeneralImplementation/ supervision

of 237






investigated atthe end of theconstructionphase to ensurethat the land hasbeen restored toits originalconditionsbefore theproject

Officer cost


PPEs, first aidkits, emergencyplans, fire-fightingequipment,….etc.



Observation GeneralImplementation/ supervisioncost

Training Cost:6000EGP/trainingprogram

of 237






of 237


8.4 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Operation PhaseThis section describes the monitoring activities that will be undertaken during the operationphase of the project.

8.4.1 Management of Hazards and AccidentsTo prevent, as much as reasonably practicable, the hazards that could be expected from theoperation of the natural gas pipeline on the surrounding communities and environment, GASCOwill implement all the necessary precautions to safeguard the pipelines operation. GASCO willbe responsible for monitoring the entire length of the pipeline outside the power stations, and asfor the components inside the power station; it will be the responsibility of the electricityauthority to monitor these components. In general the monitoring of the pipeline will be donethrough the following actions.

8.4.1.1 Pipeline PatrollingPatrolling the pipeline is done by GASCO on regular intervals, according to the pipeline locationclass as explained in section 7.2.1, to ensure that no activities or actions undertaken in the areacan cause damage to the pipeline. The patrolling is done using either a vehicle or walking overthe line over a duration ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months according to the defined line class.

The patrol will be responsible to observe and report any findings to the Sector Office on a dailybasis, if any pipeline is at risk, the notification should be carried out as soon as possible. In caseof risk, the patrol will obtain an authorization letter from GASCO to directly stop the work oraction being carried out immediately. A report will be written by the patrol on a daily basis torecord the day’s proceedings.

8.4.1.2 Leakage SurveySurvey for leakages from the pipeline will be done through several monitoring activities, onebeing onsite leakage survey duty which has a certain frequency set by a qualified engineer withsuitable experience in the field of corrosion control for buried ferrous pipes, according to theASME B 31.8. The survey duty frequency will be determined in advance and reviewed annually,and in case it coincides with the patrolling duties, it can be done simultaneously, but reported indifferent sheets.

An additional measure will be monitoring the pipeline operation pressure, which will bemonitored through the centralized SCADA system operated by GASCO personnel. Thismonitoring system will indicate any significant pressure drop in the pipeline in case of leakages.

Inspection on the status of the cathodic protection should also be conducted on definedintervals, according to the practical experience of the engineering department, in each area toavoid any failure in the pipeline due to corrosion. An inspection and maintenance report will beprepared by the inspection team to report the observations and actions taken during the workperformed.

of 237


Additional precautions should be taken for the sections of the pipelines marked as vulnerable, orreported as high risk area. Also, the patrolling and leakage survey teams should receive trainingabout the proper method to carry out their tasks.

8.4.1.3 Emergency ResponseIn case of emergencies, the proper action will be taken according to GASCO’s EmergencyResponse Procedure. The procedure includes the key personnel responsibilities andcommunication methods, as well as the emergency classes. Reports will be prepared after thenecessary actions are taken to document the cause of the emergency and the remedial actionstaken. An emergency response plan done by GASCO is available for the operation phase andcould be found in annex 6.

8.4.2 Monitoring Activities TableThe tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementationdirect responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoringactivities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the operation phase.

of 237


Table 8-3 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during operation phasePotentialEnvironmental Impact




Estimated Cost

Hazards and Accidents Scheduled patrollingactivities, inspectionand preventivemaintenance activities

Inspection willinclude any activitiesthat could potentiallylead to damage in thepipeline

In case of emergency,the source of the leakwill be isolated untilthe maintenance teamperforms the requiredmaintenance

Signs will be postedover the pipeline pathshowing the numbersto be called in case ofemergency

HSE department atGASCO (on-site section)

HSE department atGASCO (central unit andadministration)

GASCO managementcost

of 237


Table 8-4 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan During Operation Phase




Location Methods EstimatedCost

HazardsandAccidents

Patrollingreports forthe pipeline

GASCOinspectionDepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOinspection

Department inthe head office

2 weeks (Class4)

Pipeline route Patrollingschedule

GASCOManagementcost

Regularinspectionandmaintenance

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOmaintenance

Department inthe head office

Quarterly(According tothe inspection

andmaintenancetime plan)

Pipeline route Inspection andmaintenancetime plan

GASCOManagementcost

Leakage surveyand pipelinepressureparameters(throughSCADAsystem)

GASCOinspectiondepartment/GASCOoperationdepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOinspection

department/GASCOoperation

department inthe head office

2 weeks, 1month or 6

months(According to

the leakagesurvey

schedule)/continuousmonitoring

Pipeline route anddocumentationoffice

LeakageSurveySchedule/operational log

GASCOManagementcost

of 237


9 Stakeholder Engagement and Public Consultation

The public consultation chapter aims to highlight the key consultation and communityengagement activities and their outcomes, in addition to outlining the key aspects to beaddressed when holding the consultation activities.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work teamsexperienced and recorded the different reactions of the community and thegovernmental stakeholders towards the proposed project. The main concern was that theconstruction of the pipelines does not meet the expectations of the local community tobe connected to the natural gas service. Temporary land acquisition is expected as well asimpacts on the market value of the land.

Consultation activities (scoping, interviews, focus group discussions, publichearings/consultations) with various stakeholders and community people in the hostcommunities were held for the proposed NG pipeline connections project in compliancewith:

- WB policies related to disclosure and public consultation, namely,o World Bank Procedure (BP 17.50)o World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01)

- Egyptian regulations related to the public consultationo Law 4/1994 modified by Law 9/2009/2009 modified with ministerial

decrees no. 1095/2011 and no. 710/2012

Objectives of various consultation activities are summarized as follows:1- Define potential project stakeholders and suggest their possible project roles2- Disseminate comprehensive information about the project to enable stakeholders to

identify their concerns, needs, and recommendations.3- Document stakeholder feedback and enhance the ESIA accordingly4- Identify the most effective outreach channels that support continuous dialogue with

the community5- Discuss potential resettlement plans and impacts of involuntary resettlement

9.1 Defining relevant stakeholdersThe following table represents the stakeholders contacted and engaged during theconsultation events:

of 237


Table 9-1 - Main stakeholders identified for theStakeholder Role/ concern

Local Governmental entitiesGovernorates The main role of the governorates is the provision of support

to the project through mobilizing people to gain informationabout the project. Media is known to shed light on activitiesof the governorate entities

Local Governmentalunits (Districtauthorities and villageauthorities)

- Permissions for the lands needed for valve rooms shouldbe prepared by the governorate and approved by theLGU.

- Rehabilitation of roads, which is one of the major issuesraised by the community, will be performed by the LGU.

Other governmental entitiesInformation Centers onthe governorate level

Provide construction company with underground utilitiesand infrastructure maps.

GovernmentalAuthorities

Various authorities in the governorate will support the projectthrough permissions for excavation works, maintenance,health related issues, etc.

EgyptianEnvironmental AffairsAgency (HQ andRBOs)

Responsible for reviewing and approving ESIAs, andmonitoring implementation of the EnvironmentalManagement Plan

MediaTelevision and radiorepresentatives

Inform the community about the project and its impacts andsupport dissemination of ESIA studies

Press peopleWebsites editors

NGOs working on environmental and social related aspectsNGOs on the centrallevel

Play an active role in any awareness-raising related to theprojectMay provide financial support to the poorer customersNGOs on district level

Specific union ofNGOs

OtherPrivate companies Mainly potential tenderers for construction worksTraders Provide workers with food and amenities.Contractors From the project adjacent areas, may be affected.

Environment CommitteeEnvironmentCommittee at SuezGovernorate

The committee is responsible for coordinating and reviewingenvironmental aspects for developmental projects in thegovernorate.

Natural Gas companiesGASCO Implementing agency overseeing activities of the

Environmental and Social Management PlanPETROJET The Company What Will Implement The Construction

of 237


The abovementioned stakeholders were consulted using various tools i.e. Individualinterviews, group meetings and public consultation. Most of them have attended thepublic consultation hearings conducted during March – April 2016. However, some ofthem were interviewed in their premises in order to enable them to spell out theirconcerns and worries freely.

9.2 Consultation Methodology and Activities

GASCO has conducted a preliminary public consultation session, as part of the processof updating the existing ESIA of Giza North gas pipelines and in line with the nationallegislative requirements and The World Bank requirements. This session was held priorto the preparing of the draft ESIA and RAP of the current study. The session was held inCairo on 12th January 2016 (announcement was published on GASCO website:www.gasco.com.eg). The following topics were presented and raised during theconsultation session were:

Introduction about GASCO The proposed new project and proposed routes Project activities Scope of the updated ESIA Anticipated environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures and

monitoring plans Resettlement Policy Framework Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific

ESIA Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP); Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare due-diligence for

Figure 9-1 - EGAS Assistant Vice President introducing thepublic consultation session

of 237


associated facilities Terms of Reference to prepare Quantitative Risk Assessment

Figure 9-2 - Presenting the routes of the gas pipelines

Later consultation activitieswere held during the current study. Consultation activitieswere conducted on two rounds during the preparation of the site/route specific ESIA.The consultation process during preparation of the ESIA was a dynamic and evolvingprocess which adapted with the nature and expectations of the host community. Theconsultation process also strongly involved consultation with Sumed Company who arethe main beneficiary party.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work team cameacross various prejudices and misconception related to the project. Such perceptionoriginated from the unfavorable experience the community had with various previousdevelopment projects.

Additionally, managing community expectations and avoiding over-promising is also akey aspect of efficient stakeholder communication and helps to avoid

9.3 Scoping session event

Consultation activities were conducted in Suez governorate on the 22 of March, 2016. Three consultants from GASCO and EcoConServ (environmental and social) Four representatives of GASCO One representatives of EEAA accompanied the teams Three administrative managers and numerous drivers Public relations officer from Suez Governorate

of 237


The list of invitees included EEAA regional branch, environmental offices of thegovernorates, NGOs, and various government employees, in cooperation with theConsultant. Invitees were informed of the date and location of the scooping session atleast two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

1- Invitations sent by GASCO via mails, Faxes and e-mails.2- Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.3- An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Consultation was held in conference hall affiliated to El-Laham Suez School. Socialmedia also participated in informing community people about the event

9.3.1.1 Participants profile

The event was conducted on the 22 March 2016. 67 persons attended the consultationevent. They are segregated into 80.5% males and 19.4% females.

Figure 9-3- Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper

of 237


Table 9-2 - Distribution of Participants by ProfessionDistribution of participants according to Profession Numbers Percentage

Administrative officials governorate level 11 16.4

Gas Companies 14 20.8

Community members 42 62.6

Total 67 100

9.3.1.2 Summary of the discussions

The session started by Eng Abdel Sattar Demerdash – GASCO Vice Chairman forNetworks welcoming the participants: Suez Governorate Secretary General andrepresentatives for other stakeholders. The current project is a national project that willprovide Natural Gas to Suez Thermal Power station as well as upgrade the Sumedimports line. Both projects are funded by World Bank and aim to provide anenvironmentally friendly source of energy. The current session is held in compliance withthe law of the environment 4/1994 and its executive regulation for year 1095/2011.

Major General Shokry Sarhan – Suez Governorate Secretary General, has welcomedalso the participants and asked the Suez Governorate Environment Committee toexpress their opinions towards the current project. The session is held according to therequirements of EEAA according to law number 4/1994.

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud – Head of health and Safety department – GASCO, hasthen described the route of the pipeline and the areas it is supposed to pass through. Aswell as describing the safety measures for the pipeline projects during operation. TheSumed pipeline aims to provide natural gas the power station of the New Capital.

The consultant (environmental and social experts) has described the study methodologyand data collection process.

of 237


Figure 9-4 - The speakers panel during the scoping session

of 237


Figure 9-5 - the panel Figure 9-6 - Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoudpresents the project

Figure 9-7 - Social impact assessment Figure 9-8 - Participants

Figure 9-9 - Female participations Figure 9-10 - Community leaders

Table 9-3 - Key comments and concerns raised during the Scooping SessionConsultations

Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesImpacts on landuse

It is important to pay attention to theland use. A previous project had anegative impact and result in one of thetouristic beaches being totally unused.The study has to take these kinds ofimpacts into consideration.

of 237


Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesThe area behind the Suez PetroleumProcessing Housing area is currentlynot used, but it is important to takeinto consideration potential urbanexpansion at this area during planningof the pipeline.

We take into considerationdevelopment plans until 2020,as we consult with thegovernorate to coordinateaccordingly.

Impacts on traffic There are several important trafficintersections such as Salah Nessim roadin the path of the line. Please take intoconsideration impacts on the traffic inthis road. This road is highly importantfrom a socio-economic perspective; itis the main route for heavy trucks intoSuez.

Analysis of socio-economic impacts

Please in the socio-economicdescription go beyond statistics and tryto describe how the project respondsto the actual needs of the community.Explain potential job opportunities thatthe project will provide and the actualcommunity participation efforts.

Safety and naturaldisasters

What is the width of the pipeline?What are the safety measures applied tothe pipelines during operation?

With regards the safetymeasures, we have increasedthe thickness of the iron coatof the pipelines to avoidcorrosion. We use specialscanning devices regularly toexplore any damages to thelines immediately included anycorroded sections internally orexternally.We take into considerationsafety codes (ASME). Weleave more than the requiredcodes between the line and theresidential areas.

of 237


Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesWhat strategy does the company applywith regards third party and naturaldisasters?Does GASCO have a hotline forreporting any accidents? Or in case weneed to communicate with thecompany for any reason?Does the current study include afeasibility study? Are the pipelinesmore economic than the gas cylinders?Please plan the excavation worksduring night to avoid traffic disruptionduring peak times.Is there a strategy for combatting fires?

Economically natural gassaves a lot of the amountsused to subsidize gascylinders. The governmentstrategy considers that naturalgas is more economic fromthis sense.GASCO applies strict safetymeasures.Natural Gas is also lessflammable and safer thanother petrochemicals. We useSCADA software to monitorsafety measures. So far verylimited number of accidentshave occurred.GASCO has also an insuranceplan against natural disastersand third party.

9.4 Scoping Session disclosure activitiesThe importance of the project for the government and the community was reflected inmedia coverage. Various newspapers presented some news related to the project,particularly, because the governor shed light on the project

of 237


Figure 9-11 – News about Scoping session in Youm 7newspaper

of 237


Figure 9-12 - News about Scoping session in AlWatannewspaper

of 237


9.5 Public Consultation event

Consultation activities were conducted in Suez Governorate on the 14 of April . Three consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social) GASCO representatives Head of EEAA Suez Regional Office Public relations department at Suez Governorate

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of thegovernorates, NGOs, governmental media centers, and various government employees,in cooperation with the Consultant. Invitees were informed of the date and location ofthe Public Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

1- Invitations sent by GASCO via mails, Faxes and e-mails.2- Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.3- An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Consultation was held in Al-Leham School Hall, at Suez Governorate.

Figure 9-13 - Public Consultation Advertisementpublished in El Gomhoria newspaper

of 237


9.5.1.1 Participants profile

The event was conducted on the 14 of April 2016. 47 persons attended the consultationevent. They are segregated into 74.4% males and 25.5% females.

Table 9-4 - Distribution of Participants by professionDistribution of participants according to Profession Numbers Percentage

Administrative officials governorate level 7 14.8

Gas Companies 14 29.7

Community members 26 55.3

Total 47 100

9.5.1.2 Summary of discussions:

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud - Head of Health and Safety department – GASCO, hasintroduced the project and indicated the importance of the new pipelines to support theexpansion of the energy sector (Power Generation stations). This session is the secondsession that aims to present the results of the environmental and social impactassessment study for the 2 lines: Suez and Sumed pipelines. Suez pipeline aims to providenatural gas to Suez thermal station while Sumed pipeline aims to support the import linefor supply of the New Capital power station.

Major General Mahmoud Refaat – Head of Suez RBO, EEAA is currently studyingextensively the route from the environmental side. We understand the importance of theproject for the national economy and we are studying all environmental aspects in depth.We are here to listen to the comments by the civil society representatives and otherstakeholders

Mr. Mohamed Nashaat – Assistant to the Secretary General – Suez Governorate,has welcomed the participants on behalf of the governor of Suez. It is important to reacha positive resolution with regards the current project.

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud – Head of Health and Safety department – GASCO, hasthen described the route of the pipelines. As well as describing the safety measures forthe pipeline projects during operation. The Suez pipeline aims at providing the naturalgas for Suez thermal power station to replace Mazout. The other project aims to supportthe Sumed import line to meet the local requirements from Natural Gas.

of 237


The consultant presented the main findings of the environmental and social impactassessment study. The study aims to present mitigation measures to minimize negativeimpacts. This project is considered project C according to EEAA regulations. It requiresa full ESIA as well as two public consultation sessions. The consultant has conductedseveral field visits as well as measurements and collected samples during preparing of thestudy. The consultant has presented both the environmental and social impacts duringconstruction and during operation, as well as the ESMP.

Figure 9-14 - Speakers Panel Figure 9-15 - Participants of the session

Figure 9-16 - Presentation of theenvironmental expert

Figure 9-17 - Discussions from theparticipants

Questions and comments:

Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesRestoration رد الشئ ألصلھIncluded in the ESMP

It is important to ensure therestoration of the site رد الشئ after completion of theألصلھ project.

This is a requirement that isincluded in the contract with thecontractor.

of 237


Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesImpacts on traffic

Included in the ESMP

It is important to ensure that theexcavation will not impact thetraffic movement, especially SalahNessim road.

We are ensuring that GASCO hasadopted the HDD technique toavoid open excavation and ensurethat there is no disruption to thetraffic flow. Hence limited impactswill occur with regards the trafficmovement.

Impacts oftraversing thestormwater area

It is important to note that thepipeline will pass the stormwaterarea. GASCO needs to ensurethat there will be no technicalimpacts on the pipeline in thisarea. It may be necessary forGASCO to upgrade thestormwater area.

We will conduct all safety measuresto protect the pipeline at crossingthe stormwater area.

Impacts on housingareas

Section 2.2.2 analysis ofsensitive resources

The route passes very close to thehousing area of the SuezPetroleum Processing Companyand Salah Nessim Vocationalschool. Please indicate themitigation measures to limit thedisturbance to the populationduring construction.

We are going to use HDDtechnique to avoid disturbance onthe local community. This will limitthe impacts on the surroundingareas.

Please also discuss more aboutthe safety measures to avoid anynegative impacts that may occurlater to the residents of the area (Iam a resident of this area andwould need to be reassured of oursafety). Is it possible to review theroute?

We apply the ASME internationalstandards. The safe area isminimum 3 meters in housingareas. We apply even more thanthat. In addition to our other safetymeasures for early detection of anyfaults in the route.

We have also conducted a QRAstudy for this area. So the risk isvery very limited on the housingarea. Given also that the number ofresidents is limited about 2buildings only.

Selection of theroute

Discussion in Chapter 6,Analysis of alternatives

Was it possible to avoid the areanear the Suez PetroleumProcessing Company? To passthrough Safa housing area andavoid this area.

We have been coordinating withthe different authorities to selectthis route for years and thisrepresents the best alternative wecould agree upon with all relevantauthorities.

of 237


Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesImpacts on landuse

What impacts on the coastal andbeach area? Will there be impactson the pipeline from the marineside? Have you coordinated withthe Suez Petroleum ProcessingCompany Housing area?

We have coordinated with the SuezPetroleum Processing Company forthe line to pass through theirpremises and on the beach area.

Is the route subject to impacts ofthe ebb and tide or not?

No impacts in that sense areexpected.

It’s important to take intoconsideration the future plans forland use including urbanexpansions

The route will pass behind this area.And safety measures are takenaccording to the ASME codes. It ispossible to build the land laterleaving the safe are 3 meters.

Safety and disasters

Annex 5, emergencyresponse plan

What are the safety measures asthe line approaches a residentialarea?

We work on avoiding cases ofleakage through applying differentmethods for ensuring safety.

GASCO applies the safetymeasures of international codes. AQRA study has been conducted forthe pipeline.There is a smart system to scan thepipeline for any faults.

WB safeguard policy requireextreme safety, we are asking ifthe study is in line with WBrequirements? What kind ofprecautions will be taken toensure safety of the population inthe route?

Yes we follow the WB standards aswell as the Egyptian laws andregulations relevant in this issue.

What are the safety precautions incase any accidents occur? Crisismanagement is very important forthe safety of the local community.We would like to discuss thesemeasures at this stage.

We have a regular patrolling system.Please also use the natural gashotline 02149 to report anyproblems with our lines. It isimportant to also hold somecommunication activities to raiseawareness of the local communityon the safety measures.

of 237


9.6 Public Consultation Disclosure activities

Figure 9-18 - News about Public Consultation session in Almal website

of 237


Figure 9-19 - News about Public Consultation session in Sadaelseedwebsite

of 237


References IFC Performance Standard on Environmental and Social Sustainability, effective

January 2012. World Bank Group,Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, 2007 Guidelines of Principles and Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment,

EEAA, 2nd Edition, January 2009 Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Gas Distribution Systems, IFC

and World Bank, 30 April, 2007 Guidelines for Oil and Gas sector, EEAA, January 2005 Suez Region Environmental Review Report, Ministry of Housing, Utilities and

Urban Communities, 2014 Suez Environmental Description, EEAA, 2004 Bosworth, W & Ken McClay, K, 2001. Structural and stratigraphic evolution of

the Gulf of Suez Rift in Egypt: a synthesis Suez Region Environmental Review Report, Ministry of Housing, Utilities and

Urban Communities, 2014 https://www.worldofmaps.net/en/africa/map-egypt.htm http://www.weatherbase.com/ Meteoblue

(https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/suez_egypt_359796)

National Authority for Physical Planning, Egypt Development Map 2017, 1997 Information Center of the General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land

Transport, Institute of Highways and Transportation (1994): Traffic ImpactAssessment. IHT.

D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of theAmbient Air

Egyptian 4th National biodiversity Report, 2009 GEF for the Red Sea and Gulf of Adan, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia http://www.iucnredlist.org/about/overview BirdLife International (2016) Country profile: Egypt. Available from:

http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/egypt. Checked: 2016-03-31 Lansdown, R.V. & Juffe Bignoli, D. 2013. Juncus rigidus. The IUCN Red List of

Threatened Species 2013:e.T185693A13559337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T185693A13559337.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2016.

of 237


Akhani, H. 2014.Tamarix nilotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2014: e.T19179434A46081355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19179434A46081355.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2016

Kubitzki, Klaus (2010). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales,Myrtaceae. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 273–275. ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7.

The Vegetation of Egypt, Zahran M.A., Willis A.J, 2nd Edition, Springer. "USDA GRIN Taxonomy"

of 237


AnnexesAnnex 1: Pipeline Route Map

of 237


Annex 2: Governmental Approvals

of 237


Annex 3: Timeline Plan of the Project

of 237


of 237


Annex 4: Baseline Measurements

of 237


Annex 5: Emergency Response Plan

of 237


Annex 6: Solid Waste Management Plan

of 237


Annex 7: Grievance Form

of 237


Annex 8: Scoping Session Participants list

N Name Job Mobile

1. Hala Abou El-Hassan Abd El-Rehem Environmental Researcher - EEAA -2. Mona Abd El-Tawab Abd El-Gawad Environmental Researcher - Suez EEAA -3. Manar Wagdy Mohammed Environmental Researcher - Suez EEAA -4. Aaida Mahmoud Soliman Director General of Tourism Promotion -5. Joseph Gerges Ghabrial Chairman of the Suez thermo project

sector-

6. Adel Abd El-Tagali Hamoda Director General of the East DeltaElectricity Production

01227687055

7. Mohammed Goda Mohammed Director General of the Ministry ofTourism Office

01002615025

8. Tamer Mohammed Reda Large safety zone Suez engineers 012070400369. Mohammed Essam Ashour Engineer - environmental protection -

EGAS01008993058

10. Gen. Mahmoud Refaat Director of Environmental Affairs AgencySuez Branch

-

11. Abd Al-Fatah Mohammed El-Sayed Director General of the East DeltaElectricity Production Company

01119425918

12. Abd El-Hafiz Mohammed Ahmed Suez Thermal Power Station -13. Moustafa El-Sayed Ali Suez Thermal Power Station 0100021888414. Reda Ali Hassan Suez Thermal Power Station -15. Abd Al-Halim Ibrahim Khaled Suez Thermal Power Station -

of 237


16. Ahmed Mohammed Hamzawy - 0122434132117. Hassan Ali Hassan Abu Bakr Planning and implementation of projects

and programs of economic reform expert01003452880

18. Diaa Abd El-Gelil Executive General Manager ofGovernment Relations

01000404182

19. Ahmed El-Sayed GASCO -20. Reda Samir Director General of Occupational Safety

and Health Project Suez Thermal PowerStation

01227021241

21. Nagwa Mohammed Seif Director of Media Complex - Suez 0122530811922. Kareem Ebied EcoConServ 0109823117523. Ahmed Samir Boghdady Engineer projects - EGAS 0109888121424. Nada Tarek Engineer projects - EGAS 0121277334325. Khaled Mohammed Youssef Nahdet Masr Society 0101362270526. Amr Mohammed Ali Assistant Director of the Association of

Egypt makers01021931964

27. Azza El-Tarabeli Executive General Manager of theEnvironmental Protection - GASCO

01224566425

28. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed Director General of Occupational Safetyand Health - GASCO

01006072291

29. Ahmed Galal Khairy Assistant Director-General projects 0122218632830. Mohammed Mahmoud Suez Security Directorate 0100433888431. Alaa Abd El-Meged Director of Suez area - GASCO 0100115991432. Kareem Magdy GASCO 0102306055233. Mohammed Abd El-Bar GASCO 0106955352534. Ashraf Dyab Director of Department - GASCO -

of 237


35. Ashraf Lotfy Hanna Director General of the lines of Suez andthe Red Sea

01094445827

36. Hesham El-Ghrbawy Director General of Civil Works Assistant 0111111753637. Hamdi Rabee El-Sayed Assistant Director 0127626149338. Kamal Ahmed Amaar Suez Renaissance Society 0100833311639. Bahaa Basher Mohammed Suez Renaissance Society 0100518950540. Ranem Abd El-Rehem Ahmed Environmental Researcher 0109856763141. Montaser Sabah El-Dien Director of Faculty of Petroleum

Engineering01062750338

42. Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Director General of the devices Suezpower station

01003328352

43. Diaa Abd El-Gelil Executive General Manager ofGovernment Relations

-

44. Ahmed el-Sayed Abd Al-Wahab Head of Government Relations - GASCO -45. Tamer Mohammed Reda Large safety Suez power station engineers -46. Moustafa El-Sayed Ali Suez Thermal Power Station 0100021888447. Safaa Fadiel Amin Director of the Department 0122482988448. Mounir Moheb Shehata Deputy Director of the Department of

Environmental Affairs01005545087

49. Ahmed Abd Al-Latif El-Sayed Director General of safety and theenvironment - Suez

01282673611

50. Ezaat Abd el-Moniem Abdullah General Manager of the engineeringinspection

01223360717

51. Jamal Abu El-Majd Abd El-Gawad Executive General Manager of the safetylines and stations - GASCO

01006072870

52. Ali Mansy Akhbar Al-Youm 01095060818

of 237


53. Ahmed Al-Damaty Traffic officer 0122710287054. Taher Abd El-Satar Shalabi Director General of the Suez networks 0122120120555. Mohammed Sayed Zakria Engineer 0114511112556. Ahmed Sayed Abd El-Baki Director General of the Executive 0100014640057. Moustafa Ahmed Abd El-Meged Director General of Projects - GASCO 0114683637958. Manal Hassan Hassan Moustafa Director General of Social Affairs 0122568454859. Yasser El-Saied Director of Information preservation 0122629948760. El-Sayed Abd El-Hamed El-Sayed Media - Governorate 0127564054461. Aml El-Sayed Mohammed Red Sea Ports Authority 0101011764862. Abd El-Hamd Kamal Member of the Higher Committee for the

Environment - Suez01222684705

63. Nageb Gouda Ibrahim District chief 0101355686864. Adel El-Baker Journalist 0120041888465. Ehab Abu El-Hassan Ali Director of Project Management Canal

Electricity Distribution Company01125365519

66. Hossam El-Dien Ibrahim Director General of Fire 0122962770367. Nahed Ali Abd El-Fatah News Channel correspondent 01223136782

of 237


Annex 9: Public Consultation Participants list

No. Name Job Telephone

1. Ossama Gaber Abd El-Wahab Public relations - the governor's office 012045441152. Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim Occupational Safety and Health 010060724483. Tarek Ahmed Yasser Khaled Environmental specialist 012299318864. Azza Abas El-Tarabeli Director General of the Executive

Environmental Protection - GASCO01224566425

5. Ezzat Abd El-Moniem Abdullah General Manager of the engineeringinspection

01223776054

6. Mohammed Saied Mohammed First projects engineer 012831146667. Mohammed Hessien Saleh General Manager of Safety - Suez - GASCO 010060723608. Nermin Nabil Karam Assistant Director-General a protection

mechanism - EGAS01008554009

9. Nada Tarek Projects Planning Engineer - EGAS 0121277334310. Ashraf Dyab Director of the Department - GASCO 0122166077111. Nageb Gouda Ibrahim District chief 0101355686812. Essam El-Sayed Mohammed Head of Unit – City Gas 0122237496613. El-Sayed Ahmed Director General of Electricity 0122709787414. Maged Afify Mohammed Director General of the Environment -

SUMED01120118111

15. Mohammed Abd El-rehim Abdullah General Manager of Maintenance - GASCO 0122726478716. El-Sayed Abd el-Hameed Media Governorate 0127564054417. Nashaat El-Baroudy Assistant secretary-general of the province -18. Amr El-Hawary Director of space management - GASCO 0100656580819. Hassan Ali Hassan Planning and implementation of projects and 01003452880

of 237


programs of reform and economic adviser20. Abu El-Magd El-Masry - 0122314106821. Tarek Madboly - -22. Mona Abd El-Tawab Researcher environmental impact assessment

EEAA-

23. Tamer Mohammed Reda Alaam Large safety engineers - Suez thermal station 0100316544424. Mounir Moheb Shehata Deputy Director of Environmental Affairs

Management – Suez Governorate01005545087

25. Ahmed Sayed Director General of Executive Projects 0100014640026. Mohammed Sayed Zakria Excellent engineer implementation of projects 0114511112527. Medhat Refaat Abdullah Public Relations Specialist 0128106595128. Ibrahim Eid Ibrahim Public Relations 0128988292229. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed Occupational Safety and Health - GASCO 0100607229130. Marwa Samir Tawfiq EcoConServ 0100790978931. Marwa Saied Ibrahim Alexandria Petroleum Company for

maintenance01003000729

32. Ahmed Jalal Khairy GASCO 0122218632833. Ramadan Abu El-Hassan Head of NGOs 0122337371434. Mohammed Sayed Arab Nasserist Party 0122833976735. Shereen Ezzat Hassan Head of planning and projects department -

EGAS01097833332

36. Nasser Mohammed Abu Bakr Assistant Director-General 0122775619137. Adel Abd El-Mutgaly Hamuda Director General of the Environment East

Delta Electricity Production01227687055

38. Nasser Zogheb Director General of the regions of Easternregion - GASCO

01006072614

39. Eied Abd El-Gelil Suez Media Center 01270761342

of 237


40. El-Sayed Saad El-Sayed General Authority for Roads and Bridges 0100794866741. Ahmed Mohammed Ali Zaid GASCO 0100443768642. Fawzia Hassan Nasr Company for Petroleum 0122312883043. Reda Samir Director General of Occupational Safety and

Health - Suez Thermal Power Station01227021241

44. Hala Abu El-Hassan EEAA -45. Shaimaa Mohammed Khalaf - 0100220298346. Abd El-Hafiz Mohammed Suez Thermal Power Station 0100471682447. Ahmed Abd El-Latif El-Sayed General Manager of Safety 01282673611

of 237


Annex 10: Pressure Reduction Station at New Capital Power Station

of 237


Annex 11: Applying the Rating Matrix Method to Assess the Environmental Impacts inthe Construction and Operation Phases

Annex 11 Table 1 - Impact assessment for construction stage environmental aspects

Aspect Description ImpactSeverityRanking

(S)

Frequency Ranking

(F)× Significant

Air Quality

Dustemissions areexpected tooccur during

theconstructionphase due to

on-siteactivities andfrom trucksfugitive dust.

Adversehealth impact

on therespiratory

system of theworkers

4 4 16

MarineEnvironment

Improperdisposal of

thewastewater

resulting fromthe testingactivities

Negativeimpact onthe water

bodiesreceiving thiswastewater

4 2 8

Noise andvibration

Noise arisingfrom the

operation ofconstructionequipment

andmachinery

adversehealth

impacts onthe auditory

system of theworkers

4 4 16

Flora andFauna

The projectsite is a desertarea with noSignificantflora and

fauna

No flora andfauna will be

affectedduring the

projectconstruction.

2 2 4

Land use, There is no No - - -

of 237



(S)

Frequency Ranking

(F)× Significant

Landscapeand Visual

Impact

use for theroute area asit is located ina desert area.

significanteffect on the

land useduring the

constructionphase

Soils, Geologyand

Hydrogeology

Theexcavation

activities willresult in

disturbance ofthe soil andgeological

characteristics

Negativeimpact on

the soil andgeology

during theconstruction

phase

2 2 4

Traffic

Traffic anddelivery of

constructionmaterials andequipment tothe project

site

Minimaladverseimpact

concerningthe trafficduring the

constructionphase.

3 4 12

Archaeological, Historic and

CulturalHeritage

There is noany

archaeologicalconcerns

encountersthe pipeline

route

Noarchaeological impact willtake placeduring the

constructionphase

- - -

NaturalDisaster Risk

Earthquakeand floodsmay disturb

theconstruction

activities

Negativeimpact onthe time

schedule ofthe

constructionactivities

3 4 12

Major The Negative 3 4 12

of 237



(S)

Frequency Ranking

(F)× Significant

Accidents andHazards

constructionactivities mayinclude leaks

of the oilequipment

andmachinery

impacts onthe soil and

generation ofhazardous

waste

Solid WasteManagement

Generation ofconstruction

waste e.g.Soil

Concrete;Welding belts

Used oils

Adverseimpacts on

theenvironment

from thepossibleimproper

disposal ofthe solidwastes.

Furthermore,adverse

impacts fromincreased

traffic loadwhen

transportingwaste to

designatedlandfillsand/or

disposal sitesare expected.

4 4 16

Public Health

Since thepipeline routeis located in adesert area,

theconstructionactivities will

No publichealth impact

during theconstruction

phase

2 2 4

of 237



(S)

Frequency Ranking

(F)× Significant

not have anyeffect

concerningthe public

health

OccupationalHealth and

Safety

Health andsafety hazards

during theconstructionphase fromthe on-site

constructionactivities.

Adverseimpacts on

occupationalhealth &

safety of theworkers

4 3 12

AssociatedInfrastructure

Theconstructionphase may

lead tobreaking any

of theundergroundinfrastructure

pipeline(water,

sewerage ortelecommunic

ation)

Negativeimpacts onthe water

supply or thetelecommunication service

for thesurrounding

areas

3 4 12

Energy Use

Fuelconsumptionby vehicles

andequipment

Air pollutionand the

associatedhealth effects

2 3 6

of 237


Annex 11 Table 2 - Impact assessment for operation stage environmental aspectsAspect Description Impact Severity

Ranking(S)

FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

Air Quality

Gaseousemissionsformmaintenanceactivities, Nogaseous, dustor odoremissions areexpectedduring theoperation ofthe line.

Smallamounts ofCH4 releaseduringmaintenance.Generaldecrease ingaseousemissionsfrom powerplants due tofuel switch.

2 1 2

AquaticEnvironment

The projectoperationwill notaffect theaquaticenvironment

The projectwill notimpact in thisregards

- - -

Noise andvibration

Minimalnoise will begeneratedfrom theoperation thevalve rooms

Noiseresulting fromthe valverooms is notconsidered tobe significant

2 2 4

Ecology (Floraand Fauna)

The pipelineis laidundergroundwith minimalmaintenanceactivities

The projectwill notimpact theflora andFauna

2 1 2

Land use,Landscapeand VisualImpact

The pipelineis laidundergroundwith minimalmaintenanceactivities

The projectwill notimpact theland use

3 2 6

of 237


Aspect Description Impact SeverityRanking(S)

FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

Soils, GeologyandHydrogeology

Theoperation ofthe pipelinewill notaffect the soilor thegeology ofthe land

No geologicalimpact willoccur duringthe operationphase

- - -

Traffic

Theoperation ofthe pipelinedoes notinclude anycontinuestruckmovementexceptduringmaintenanceandinspection

Very smallincrease intraffic volumeduring theoperationexcept duringmaintenance

1 2 2

NaturalDisaster Risk

Earthquakesmay lead topipelinebreakage

Negativeimpact on thegas networkconnections

4 1 4

MajorAccidents andHazards

Release ofsignificantamounts ofnatural gasdue to anyfailure in thepipeline orduring themaintenanceactivities inthe valverooms

Adverseimpact on thesurroundingenvironment

4 1 4

Public Health Apart from The project 1 1 1

of 237



FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

the release ofsignificantamounts ofnatural gas

activity willnot have anegativeimpact in thatregards


The pipelineoperationwill notaffect theoccupationalhealth andsafety asthere will bea smallnumber ofworkersduring theinspectionandmaintenanceactivities

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thatregards

1 1 1

Solid WasteManagement

The pipelineoperationwill notdispose anytype of solidwaste exceptoccasionallyduringmaintenance.

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thisregard

1 1 1

ExistingInfrastructure

The projectoperationwill notaffect theexistinginfrastructure

No significantimpactconcerningthe existinginfrastructure

- - -

Archaeological, Historic and

The projectoperation

There is nonegative

- - -

of 237



FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

CulturalHeritage

will notinclude anyactivitiesaffecting thehistoricheritage

impactconcerningthe historicheritageduring theoperation

Energy Use This projectwill help insupplying theregion withnatural gasforgeneration ofelectricitywhich willenrich thenationalelectricitygrid

Positiveimpact on theenergyresources

3 4 12

of 237


Annex 13: Occupational Health and Safety Plan for Construction

of 237


Annex 14: Emissions Reductions Calculations

The pipeline will serve New Capital Power Plant. The power plant will utilize natural gas togenerate 4800 MW electricity per year that would have otherwise be generated using a mix ofmore carbon intensive fuels (Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel Oil and Coal).

1. Baseline Emissions:

The following equation has been used to estimate the baseline emissions:BE CO2,elec,y = EC,y * EFgrid,y

Where:BE CO2,elec,y are the baseline emissions from electricity generated by the power plant during the year

y (tCO2/yr);

ECPJ,y is the quantity of electricity that would have been generated by the project activityduring the year y (MWh);

EFgrid,y is the emission factor for the grid in year y (tCO2/MWh)

The emission factor of the grid is calculated as follows:

y

yi,,COyi,i,

y,i,

y,grid,EG

.EF.NCVFCEF

2 17

Where:

EFgrid,OMsimple,y = CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)

FCi,,y = Amount of fossil fuel type i consumed by power plant / unit m in year y(mass or volume unit)

NCVi,y = Net calorific value (energy content) of fossil fuel type i in year y (GJ / massor volume unit)

EFCO2,i,y = CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i in year y (tCO2/GJ)

EF,y = Net electricity generated and delivered to the grid by all power sourcesserving the system in year y (MWh)

i = All fossil fuel types combusted in power plant / unit m in year y

17 The methodological “Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system” (Version 2.1),Clean development mechanism

of 237


In order to estimate the Emission factor of the grid, data from the latest report issued by theMinistry of Electricity & Renewable Energy (2013/2014) has been used. Additionally, data fromthe MoEE regarding the future energy mix that will be used to generate electricity in 2022 hasbeen used to estimate the future EF of the grid. The values of grid emission factor in the yearsbetween 2014 and 2022 and post 2022 have been estimated.

Table 5: Net Electricity Production in year 2013/2014 18

Net Electricity Production in year 2013/2014

Hydro 13,352

Thermal 138,795

Generated Energy from Wind (Zafarana) 1,446

Purchased Energy from IPPs 62

Generated from private sector (BOOT) 14,154

Total Net electricity generated (excluding isolated units), (GWh) 167809

Table 6: Fossil fuels amounts consumed in the electricity system in year 2013/2014 19

Fuel type Units 2013/2014

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Tonnes 7,809,000

Natural Gas (NG) m3 28,263,000,000

Natural Gas (NG) tonnes * 21,994,553

Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes 56,600

Special Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes 76,800

18 Egyptian Holding Electricity Company, Annual Report, 2014


of 237


Table 7: CO2 emissions per ton of fuelFueltype

FuelConsumption

Units NCV TJ/Tonne20 CO2 emisisons factor(tCO2/TJ) 21

CO2 Emissions(tCO2/t fuel)

HFO 7809000 Tonnes 0.0404 75.5 23,819,012

NG 28263000000 m3 -

NG 21994553 tonnes 0.0480 54.3 57,326,602

LFO 56600 Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 176,694

SpecialLFO 76800

Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 239,754

CO2 emissions, 2013/2014 (tCO2) 81,562,062

CO2 emission factor 2013/2014 (tCO2/MWh) 0.5874

Table 8: Anticipated Net electricity production for Year 202222

Net Electricity Production in year 2022

Hydro 13,519

Thermal (NG + HFO) 256,865

Wind and solar 112,660

Coal 67,596

Total Net electricity generated (GWh) 450640

Total installed capacity (MW) 86000

20 IPCC Guidelines 2006 - Part 2 - Energy

21 ibid

22 “Addressing Egypt’s Electricity Vision, Minister of Electricity & Renewable Energy: Dr. MohamedShaker El-Markabi

of 237


Table 9: Anticipated Fossil fuels amounts to be consumed in the electricity system in year 2022 23

Fuel type Units 2013/2014

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Tonnes 9,441,689

Natural Gas (NG) tonnes * 45,031,610

Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes -

Coal Tonnes 31,271,047

Table 10: CO2 emissions per ton of fuelFueltype

FuelConsumption

Units NCV TJ/Tonne24 CO2 emisisons factor(tCO2/TJ) 25

CO2 Emissions(tCO2/t fuel)

HFO 9441689 Tonnes 0.0404 75.5 28,799,039

NG 45,031,610 tonnes 0.0480 54.3 117,370,389

LFO - Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 -

Coal31,271,047

Tonnes 0.035 94.6 103,538,436

CO2 emissions, 2022 (tCO2) 249,707,864

CO2 emission factor 2022 (tCO2/MWh) 0.5541

2. Project Emissions:

The project emissions are calculated based on the following equation:

PE CO2,elec,y = ECPJ,y * ECNG,y

Where:PE CO2,elec,y are the project emissions from electricity generated by the power plant during the year y

(tCO2/yr);


24 IPCC Guidelines 2006 - Part 2 - Energy

25 ibid

of 237


ECPJ,y is the quantity of electricity that would have been generated by the project activityduring the year y (MWh);

EFNG,y is the emission factor of the power plant that utilizes natural gas in year y (0.51tCO2/MWh)26

The following table summarizes the baseline emissions, the project emissions and the emissionreductions generated by the project.

Year Electricitygeneratedby NewCapitalPowerPlant

(MWh/y)

EF grid

(tCO2/MWh)

BaselineEmissions

(t CO2/y)

Project Emissions

(t CO2/y)

EmissionsReductions

(t CO2/y)

2014 - 0.5874 - - -

2015 - 0.5832 - - -

2016 - 0.5791 - - -

2017 5148000 0.5749 2,959,591 2,625,480 334,111

2018 5148000 0.5707 2,938,174 2,625,480 312,694

2019 5148000 0.5666 2,916,757 2,625,480 291,277

2020 5148000 0.5624 2,895,340 2,625,480 269,860

2021 5148000 0.5583 2,873,924 2,625,480 248,444

2022 5148000 0.5541 2,852,507 2,625,480 227,027

2023 5148000 0.5499 2,831,090 2,625,480 205,610

2024 5148000 0.5458 2,809,673 2,625,480 184,193

2025 5148000 0.5416 2,788,256 2,625,480 162,776

26 US Energy Information Administration (EIA)

of 237


Annex 15: HSE Management Procedure for Oil spill

HSE Management procedure for accidental oil or leak for chemicals or oil

of 237


HSE Management procedure for oil change and greasing of equipment or valves