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SEXUAL HEALTH AND AIDS PREVENTIONFOR ADOLESCENTS

GROUP PROJECTS

MASHAV NOVEMBER 2008

Anita Nudelman

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HEALTH EDUCATION

The principle by which individuals and groupsof people learn to behave in a manner

conducive to the promotion, maintenance, orrestoration of health.

A comprehensive health education curriculumconsists of planned learning experienceswhich will help students achieve desirableattitudes and practices related to basic healthissues.

Health behavior theories seek to explain whyindividuals engage or fail to engage in health-related behaviors (Naor et al., 2004)

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IMB - INFORMATION-MOTIVATION-BEHAVIORAL

SKILLS MODEL (Fischer & Fischer, 1998)

INFORMATION : Will help individuals to be betterinformed. It must be relevant, culture-sensitive

and easy to translate into desired behaviors.MOTIVATION : Will motivate individuals to actupon this information to change negative risk

behaviors and maintain consistent, healthypractices.

BEHAVIORAL SKILLS: Will help individualsacquire the specific behavioral skills to help

them adopt and perform behaviors thatenhance sexual health.

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APPLYING THE IMB MODEL TO SEXUAL

HEALTH PROGRAMS (3 step process)

ELICITATION

Program planners assess the target population's existinglevels of sexual and reproductive IMB Skills and behavior(FGD, open questionnaires).

INTERVENTION

Program planners develop and implement targeted-population-specific sexual health education programs based on theelicitation research.

EVALUATION

Program planners measure the effectiveness of theintervention's impact on sexual and reproductive health IMBskills and behavior.

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ELICITATION RESEARCH

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ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

Anthropology studies human ways of lifeholistically, relativistically and comparativelly.

Anthropological studies of societies and culturesare based on the ethnographic approach: the

in-depth study of relatively small groups ofpeople in order to discover how the world looksfrom the perspective of members of that group.

Ethnographic research can go far in addressingeducational problems and concerns and inassisting to attain educational goals.

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ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

Participant observation: firsthand, naturalistic andlong-term observation (validity).

Starting without preconceptions to explore andtest hypothesis that have evolved out of thefieldwork.

Interactive-dynamic approach in the use of datacollection and analysis procedures: redefiningnew questions or modifying the design and

techniques through the ongoing process ofanalysis (from the start of the study until thefinal ethnographic report).

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ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

Holistic perspective. As ethnographers learn

something new, they try to understand how itconnects with other aspects of the culture.

Cross-cultural frame of reference.The emic knowledge of the informants isinterpreted and arranged for an ethnographic

report according to an etic structure,enabling cross-cultural comparisons.

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FOCUS GROUPS

Research method which allows to explore a rangeof opinions on pre-determined topics in aspecific social environment, in which

participants influence each other in the sameway as in real life (Krueger, 1994).

Opportunity to observe a large amount ofinteraction on a topic in a limited period of time

High validity and low cost.

The group discussion produces meaningfuldata and insights that may be less accessiblewith other methods.

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HIV PROGRAMS: WHAT DO LEARNERS WANT?Griessel-Roux, Smit & Eloff, 2005

Education is important to change attitudes and preventHIV, but learners would prefer:

Format: smaller single-sex groupsMode: less pamphlets, more videos, real-life encountersDuration: weekly classes in curriculum

Health educator: an outside presenter and not teachersParents: should also get information

Program content: empowerment instead of too much

factual information: how to cope if someone you knowgets infected; how to make responsible decision indating and relationships; how to manage peerpressure. Include messages which instill fear of theHIV virus. Should include values.