AN EYE-MOVEMENT INDICATOR OF TYPE AND LEVEL OF ANXIETY 44 1

promising one for viewing the development of patterns of thinking and self ex- pression. On the physiological level the phenomenon may be of help in differ- entiating patterns of physiological activity associated with syndromes of functional anxiety. The specificity and direction of response to chemotherapeutic agents seem also issues for further investigation.

In the most general sense the phenomenon may provide a basis for definition of attentional process distribution over time. There has been a recent trend(2 5 ,

to re-examine this formerly central issue in psychology, particularly in the un- balanced or impaired processes exhibited by sc,hizophrenics.

R E F E H E N C E ~ 1.

2. 3.

4. 5. SILVERMAN, J. The problem of attention in schizophrenia. Psychol. Rev., 1964, 71, 352-379. 6.

DAY, M. E. An eye-movemeiit phenomenon relating t o attentioil, thought and anxiety. Percept. Motor Skills, 1964, 1 9 , 4 4 3 4 6 .

EYBENCK, H. S. (Ed.) Handbook of abnormal psychology. New York: Basic Books, 1961. LURIA, A. R. The role of speech an the regulatzon of normal and abnormal behatnor. London:

Pergamon Press, 1961. MYKLEBUST, H. H. The psychology ofdeafness. New York: Gruiie and Stratton, 1960.

SOKOLOV, E. N. Perceptzon and the wndztzoned re ex. New York: Pergamon, 1963. 7. WHORF, B. L. Language, thought and realtty. F ambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1956.

SEX-ROLE IDENTIFICATION AND INSTITUTIONAL DEPENDENCY AMONG VETERANS UNDERGOING SOCIAL REHABILITATION*

RICHAHD J. ROBERTSON AND RENEE D. COHEN

Veterans Administration Restoration Center, Hines, Illinois

PROBLEM In prior research(5’ 6 , l o ’ on inst.itutiona1 dependency, it had been found that

demographic variables such as age and marital status were correlated with length of hospital treatment but that persona1it.y items were better predictors of “restora- tion” from dependent living following hospit.al treatment. This finding led to the investigation of major personality diniensions in the individual’s orientation to life relevant to the issue of institutional dependency. Strodtbeck (I1) postulated such a variable on the basis of previous work(2, ’, on sex-role identification. He hy- pothesized that institutionalized veterans who tested inore “feminine” on sex-role measures would tend to stay longer and show other signs of dependency in social rehabilitation treatment.

METHOD The Gough Brief Femininity Scale 4 , was used as the measure of sex-role

identification. Length of stay in the Restoration Center was defined as the criterion variable. The hypothesis was tested with two independent samples of successive admissions to the installation; N1 = 84, Nz = 69. All 5’s had had prior stays of varying lengths in the hospital before admission to the Restoration Center. They represented all categories of medical diagnosis found in the parent hospital.

RESULTS Table 1 shows the mean lengths of stay in the Restoration Center by Femin-

inity Rating and sample.

‘This paper is a revision of a report presented at the American Psychological Axsociation Con- vention, New York, 1966. The research WIW supported by Veterans Admirustratiori research grant P 5-66 Hines. IllirioiJ.

442 RICHARD J. ROBERTSON A N D RENEE D. COHEN

TABLE 1. MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF LENGTH O F RESTORATION TREATMENT FOR SUBJECTS WITH ABOVE-AND BELOW-MEDIAN FEMININITY SCORES

Below Median GBFS Above Median GBFS

Sample N x SD N x SD

1 42 151.17 125 42 205.43 133

2 44 156.20 156 25 220.80 119

Sample 1 had been cut at the median femininity score, 11/12, yielding equal sized groups. Sample 2 was found to have 17 Ss tied at the median value of 11. It was decided to break the tie by cutting at the same point used in the previous sample, therefore giving an unequal sample size in Sample 2. The Sample 1 t tes t was sig- nificant at better than .01 for a two-tailed test. The replication was significant at better than .02 for a one-tailed test.

The possibility remained that the degree of “femininity” reflected in the high- scoring Ss may have been affected by their treatment history rather than being a basic characteristic influencing their response to treatment. To investigate this possibility, a number of relationships bearing upon this assumption were examined. First, the relationship between age and M-F score was examined to test the assump- tion that Ss might become more passive and dependent with age and hence achieve higher M-F scores. No such relationship was found (R-sl = .02, R-sz = .21). Second, the relationship between previous hospitalization history (for five years back) and M-F score was calculated. These measures also proved unrelated (R-sl = .02, R-s2 = .13). Finally, the M-F scores of all Ss were cross-tabulated by diagnostic class to determine whether this measure is differentially associated with type of disability. An inspection of the data revealed no apparent pattern.

SUMMARY The hypothesis that institutionalized veterans with more feminine sex-role

identification would tend to stay longer in social rehabilitation treatment was sup- ported by a replication study. This finding was independent of age, length of pre- vious hospitalization, and type of disability, thereby lending further support to the importance of taking the basic personality pattern into account in rehabilitation planning.

REFERENCES 1. COCHRANE, CAROLYN, STRODTBECK, F. L. arid PARKMAN, MAHGAHET. A Masculinity-Femininity Measure to Predict Defensive Behavior. Social Psychology Laboratory, University of Chicago, 1964.

2. FROMM, E. Sex and Character. In Ailshell, It. N. (Ed.) The Family: Function and Desfiny. New York: Harper, 1949.

3. GOFFMAN, E. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. New York: Doubleday, 1961.

4. GOUGH, H. G. Identifying psychological femininity. Educ. Psychol. Meas., 1952, 132, 349360. 5. HANSMAN, J., MEYER, H., KAHN, M., YEWELL, A., BOWEN, w. and I ~ E , E. Veterans in V . A .

Domieiliaries: A Profile Study. Washiiigtoii, I). C. : Veterans Administration, 1961. 6. JONES, M. The Therapeutic Community. New York: Basic Books, 1953. 7. LANSKY, L. M. Mechanisms of Defense: Sex identity arid defenses against conflict. In Miller, D. It. arid Swanson, F. E. (Eds.) Inner Conflict and Defense. New York: Holt, 1960, 272-288.

8. PARSONS, T. and BALES, 11. Family Socialization and Interaction I’rocess. Glericoe, 111.: Free Press, 1955.

9. ROBEI~TSON, It., LITTLEWOOD, W., COHEN, I{. and WIEI~I(;, G. Restoration froin Dependmcy: A Progress Report of Ilesearrh ripori the First T w o Years’ Kffort iii the Pilot Project Ilesboration Center, Hines V. A. Hospital, Hiiies, Illiiiois, 1!163.

I~UESCH, J. Chronic Disease and Psychological Invalidism. Ikkeley : Univ. of Calif. Press, 1951. STJ~ODTRECK, F. L. Persorial comrnriiiicatioii, September 1964.

10. 11.