severance of shelburne florence stevens cummings … · severance of shelburne florence stevens...

SEVERANCE OF SHELBURNEFLORENCE STEVENS CUMMINGS

BE-KNIGHTED YANKEES CATHEDRAL CLOSEMABEL A. BROWN PEARL H. STEWART

PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL SOCIETY

DAUGHTERS OF TH E AMER WAN R EVOLUTIONMEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL • WASHINGTON. D. C.

c-S---eetay• T) h•a,J tailoa

Visitors from the Seven Seas instinctively turn to The

Mayflower, Washington's Modern Hotel. . . this is the

meeting place and social axis of America's Pulsating

Capital City. . . your stay is incomplete without en-

joyment of the unrivaled cuisine of the Presidential

Dining Room . . . and there's Dancing with Cock-

tails every week day in the Mayflower Lounge.

Rates No Higher Than at Less Finely Appointed Hotels

SINGLE ROOMS FROM $4 • DOUBLE ROOMS FROM $6

R. L. POLLIO, MANAGER

THE MAYFLOWERCONNECTICUT AVENUE AT L STREET

WOODWARD & LOTHROP10TH 11TH F AND G STREETS

A Giftfrom Woodward & Lothrop

PHONE DISTRICT 5300

. . . is so easy to select—and so exciting to receive.

For every package—with its crisp white tissue and

shining seals—"holds a prize." And Gift Shop-

pers—with the whole store "at their fingertips"—

are here to help you select gifts for brides, for

graduates, convalescents or voyagers. So do turn

to them for help if you would give, but are not

gifted in choice. Or make your own discoveries in

a store "crammed" with gift-ideas.

GIFT SHOPPING, SECOND FLOOR

J. E. Caldwell & Co.Official Jewelers and Stationers

to The National Society

Daughters of the American Revolution

extend a cordial invitation to

all Members and their Friends

to include Historic Philadelphia

and the Caldwell Store

in their visit to the

New York World's Fair

Jewelers J. E. CALDWELL & CO.

Silversmiths Chestnut and Juniper Sts.

Stationers Philadelphia

PRESS OF

.TVDD & DETWEILER. INC

WASHINGTON. D. C.

NY'CL

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINEVOLUME LXXIII, No. 6 JUNE, 1939 WHOLE NUMBER 551

imme lomme- Wa•••4 V V VettA

ContentsPage

Cover design: Alma Gehman, a recent graduate of the Moravian Seminary and College for Women, at the

Spinet which was played for George Washington.

EDITORIALS

If I Could Talk To You . . .. Sarah Corbin Robert ii

Views of the Vice Presidents General. I . Grace C. Marshall vi

FEATURE ARTICLES

As They "Commenced" . . Frances Parkinson Keyes 2"And A Highway Shall Be There . . . Maurine Kamps Aust 21The Wedding of Two Log Houses . . Rowena R. Farrar 29The Little Brown Church in the Vale Jeannette Hegeman 32The Spirit of the Hand-made, XII. Mary Dunlap's Recipes Susan Morton 34Distinguished Daguerreotypes, V 37Preserving the Star-Spangled Banner H. M. Hobson 52What Is Your Flag I.Q.? . Norman C. Schlichter 53

FICTION

Quaker Wedding James T. WorthingtonCity of Faith (conclusion) . Margaret Curtis McKay

Magnolia

VERSE

It Takes Two

Marriage Record

Genealogical

Book Reviews

25

38

Eudocia Lucky 24

Julie C. Kugler 51

Reba Mahan Stevens 61

REGUL AR DEPARTMENTS

Children of the American Revolution

News Items

State Conferences

Committee Reports

Junior Membership

Contributors, Collaborators, and Critics

OFFICIAL LISTS

National Board of Management

Approved Schools

National Committee Chairmen

National Board of Management, C. A. R.

54

64

67

68

70

82

86

89

91

93

94

113

Yr%

Issued Monthly ByTHE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Publication Office: MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL, Washington, D. C.

FRANCES PARKINSON KEYESEditor

Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

Single Copy, 25 Cents. Yearly Subscription, $2.00, or Two Years for $3.00Copyright, 1939, by the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution

Entered as second-class matter, December 8, 1924, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., Under the Act ofMarch 3, 1879

Immol 'mond VI Vi

ACADEMIC PROCESSION LEAVING THE MORNING EXERCISES AT THE CHURCH, AT THE CELEBRATION OF THE

200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF HARVARD COLLEGE, SEPT. 8, 1836. FROM PRESIDENT JOSIAH QUINCY'S

BOOK "HISTORY OF HARVARD," VOLUME I. DR. QUINCY WAS PRESIDENT OF HARVARD, 1829-45. DRAWN BY ELIZA

S. QUINCY, HIS OLDEST DAUGHTER.

As They "Commenced"FRANCES PARKINSON KEYES

THE first step in the formation of univer-sity life, according to Samuel Eliot Mori-

son, a well-known authority on the subject,was taken in Paris during the twelfth cen-tury, when would-be teachers were requiredto obtain a license from the Archbishop'srepresentative before they were allowed toset up a school, or to lecture. The secondwas taken when the teachers set up a gildfor self-protection among themselves, justas men engaged in other trades and pro-fessions were doing at this period. "Com-mencement (Inceptio), the oldest, mostdignified, and widespread university insti-tution," Mr. Morison tells us, "begansimply as an initiation to this gild ofMasters of Arts. The candidate, havingreceived his license to teach from the Chan-cellor, was ceremonially admitted to themasters' or teachers' gild, and confirmedin his new fellowship and title of Masterof Arts by performing an appropriate'Act'."

From this simple beginning, commence-ment exercises have come to occupy a pre-dominant position—in fact, their only com-petitors at this season are bridal cere-monies! Therefore, it seems fitting that weshould try to trace the story of some of thecommencements which have taken place inthis country, beginning with the earliest.

Harvard is the oldest American institu-tion of its kind. It started to function in1636, less than two decades after the land-ing of the Pilgrims. It embodied, from thebeginning, the strong sentiment of the peo-ple whose need for books was "second onlyto their need for bread." 1 To the Puritansit was truly the "first flower of their wilder-ness" and the "star of their night." Andthe first commencement was celebrated ina manner befitting its importance."Quite imposingly 'Harvard College' rose

[ 2 ]

1 Dorothy Canfield.

WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE AT WILLIAMSBURG. "THIS VIEW IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED TO THE PRESIDENTAND FACULTY, THE VISITORS, ALUMNI AND STUDENTS OF THAT VENERABLE INSTITUTION BY THEIR VERY OBED.T

SERV.T-THO.S CH. MILLINGTON." LITHOGRAPHED IN U. S., THE TUDOR PRESS, BOSTON.

above the apple trees which Master Eatonhad planted in the yard: 'very faire andcomely within and without,' an E-shapedclapboarded building with two wings anda square staircase-turret, two floors and agarret. Within there were all things properto a college: kitchen and butteries, cham-bers and studies, a library where JohnHarvard's and other books were shelved,and 'a spacious Hall' where Commencementwas celebrated on September 23, 1642. . . ."At an early hour in the morning Gover-

nor Winthrop, attended by his guard anda number of magistrates and gentlemen,crossed to Charlestown by the ferry androde thence to Cambridge; . . . By nineor ten o'clock in the morning an expectantaudience consisting of the nine Commenc-ers, four junior sophisters, and eight orten freshmen, together with 'great numbers'of gentlemen, ministers, and others, as-sembled in the newly-finished college hall,sitting on forms and borrowed chairs.Thesis sheets on the Edinburgh model, hotoff Stephen Day's press, are distributedto members and guests. Enters a small butsolemn procession, headed by EdwardMitchelson, Marshal-General of Massachu-setts Bay. . . . All take seats behind thehigh table on the dais—the President, as

moderator of Commencement, in the center,Governor Winthrop on his right, andDeputy-Governor Endecott on his left. Thehalberdiers shamble off to the buttery tosample college beer. Marshal-GeneralMitchelson calls the assembly to order bystriking the dais with the butt of his pike-staff, and the 'Solemn Act' begins. MasterShepard offers a long extemporaneousprayer in Latin, praising the singular provi-dence of God for bringing them thitherthrough the dangers and difficulties of thesea, for preserving them in the wildernessfrom famine, heretics, and infidels, andfor thus bringing so early to fruition ingood letters and godly learning the firstclassis of this School of the Prophets. Oneof the ministers delivers a salutatory ora-tion in Latin, 'wherein all Persons andOrders of any fashion then present, wereAddressed with proper Complements andReflections were made on the most Remark-able Occurrents of the praeceeding Year.'The first scholar among the Commencersdelivers an oration in Greek. . . . Theaudience being suitably impressed and ex-ceedingly fatigued, the assembly adjournsat eleven o'clock for dinner. . . ."When the Board of Overseers has con-

cluded its deliberations, President Dunster

[ 3 ]

[ 4 ] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

again takes the chair and the second SolemnAct of the day begins. This is in the formof a Latin disputation between Commencers,in syllogistic style. . . . After disputationshave been going on for a couple of hours,and the nine Commencers have 'performedtheir acts, so as gave good proof of theirproficiency in the tongues and arts,' comesthe solemn moment for the conferring ofdegrees. . . . Each was mentioned, with afew complimentary remarks, in a valedic-tory oration delivered by one of the minis-ters, who closed byinvoking the con-gratulations—notthe blessing—ofGod. The first Har-vard Commence-ment was over." 2But even the Puri-

tans did not alwaystake such great occa-sions too seriously.As early as Presi-dent Oakes's admin-istration (1675-1681), "The col-lege authorities werebecoming alarmedat the excessive hos-pitality . . . at Com-mencement, andPresidents Matherand Leverettadopted severe pro-hibitions againstcommencers' pro-viding Plumb-Cake'and 'm i x'd drinkmade with distill'sSpirits' in their chambers, under penaltyof losing their degree; nor were they 'toevade it by Plain Cake.' But the crowdsincreased, and with them the disorder; forthe New England people were allowed veryfew holidays, and the concourse of so manypeople, coincident with the loosening ofcollegiate discipline naturally brought to-gether all the cheap-jacks, Indian medi-cine men, acrobats and public entertainers,that New England afforded. This brought

,?• • t•

4.4/ '2. • °*>•F

F •

2. -0 Ce6."

rr4.9.4 `"rtri.„i• 2 -e

ey„,.." .3:0 •

money as well as excitement to placidCambridge, and created a sort of vestedinterest in the non-academic features. In1718, about the time that Cotton Matherwrote to a friend at New Haven that hehoped the Sons of Eli would improve theirCommencement with religious conversation,and not indulge in idle and vicious pastimesas at Cambridge!" . . ."On June 1, 1774, the Boston Port Act

and the other coercive acts passed by Parlia-ment as punishment for the famous tea-

party went intoeffect, and Bostonwas occupied byBritish regulars.The College Cor-poration, 'consider-ing the present darkaspect of our publicAffairs Voted thatthere be no publicCommencement thisYear'; nor wasthere another until1781." . . ."Commencement

in 1783, the firstsince the peace, wasparticularly bril-liant. Honorary de-grees were conferredon James Bowdoin,President of theAmerican Academyand donor of theBowdoin Prizes, andon Edward AugustusHolyoke, PresidentHolyoke's son, and

a famous practitioner of Salem, whothereby became Harvard's first M.D. Har-rison Gray Otis, 'the first scholar of thefirst class of a new nation,' delivered theEnglish oration, indulging 'the impulse ofa sanguine temperament in building whatdoubtless seemed . . . castles in the air,'but which as he looked back on them fromthe bicentennial in 1836 appeared moderateexpectations in comparison with the realitythat came to be. And Ephraim Eliot (A.B.1780), for his Master's degree, delivered anOration on the Art of Medicine, in which heeagerly looked 'forward to the time, when

;0-

f. o-' oa4.- 444

—

THE EXPENSE SHEET FOR

HER OF 1703, FROM THE

COLLEGE

The above account is quoted from "The Found-ing of Harvard College by Samuel Eliot Mor-ison.

-

telicd7 475-wc:.: IC.

o«7'

nt4;16 1

THE COMMENCEMENT DIN-

ACCOUNT BOOK OF THE

STEWARD.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 5 ]

eet,

)01n/a64tylo/ tfL 11,1' (0,

.4) acc attrews, MK: .1"

II? ,t,v4%„,,V151.7W7tier ",, taa: ;i4; L.f;yy ef 11 Ott; In I t 3.12* If II L..

p41. peolf;irliwt 1,10-1,,gett f tttilist

(i'k6"in Iloy. o1fia.

0:

r?..a ae‘tl, J

THE ALCOCK DIPLOMA OF 1676 FROM HARVARD COLLEGE, PROBABLY THE OLDEST ONE EXTANT. THE

COLLEGE DID NOT AT THAT TIME FURNISH DIPLOMAS. THE STUDENTS HAD THEM MADE BY EXPERT PEN-

MEN, AND PRESENTED THEM FOR SIGNATURES ONLY IF WANTED FOR SOME SPECIAL PURPOSE.

the University of Harvard shall be rankedwith that of Edenburgh, now the seat ofmedical sages; when her sons shall beregistered in the same catalogue with aWhytt, a Munro, and a Cutter.' . . . Maypeace be spread throughout the world, and'Health, without whose cheerful activeenergy, no rapture swells the breast,' beuniversally diffused through every land." 3

The College of William and Mary, atWilliamsburg, Virginia, was second only toHarvard in actual operation, and first inmany of the benefits which it received andbestowed. Its charter was granted in 1693by the King and Queen of England forwhom it was named, and a year later acoat of arms was presented to it by theCollege of Heralds."There was a commencement at William

and Mary College in the year 1700, at whichthere was a great concourse of people;several planters came thither in coaches,and others in sloops from New York, Penn-sylvania, and Maryland, it being a newthing in that part of America to hear gradu-ates perform their exercises. The Indiansthemselves had the curiosity, some of them,to visit Williamsburg on that occasion; and

Quoted from Morison's "Three Centuries ofHarvard."

the whole country rejoiced as if they hadsome relish of learning." 4By 1729, William and Mary had a full

faculty, consisting of a president, six pro-fessors, usher, and writing master, and ittook the initiative in establishing an inter-collegiate fraternity (the Phi Beta Kappa) ,in having an elective system of study, andin becoming a University.

Bruton Church was the scene of the com-mencement exercises in 1812, for the col-lege chapel was not in good repair. Aletter from Mrs. Elizabeth B. Kennon toSamuel Mordecai, dated June 4, tells usbriefly of the graduation ceremonies ineffect at that time:"I suppose you have seen the death of

Gregory Page in the papers . . . he wastwo hours in the water, and in that time Isuppose all his vital faculties had ceasedforever; he is now in his "Narrow house,"poor fellow; and his miserable mother is areal picture of woe. I feel for her morethan I can express. He was I am told anamiable young man; and every person ap-pears to lament him; they had the pave-ment taken up under the place where thestudents delivered their orations, and re-

Quoted from "History of the Colony and An-cient Dominion of Virginia, 1860," by CharlesCampbell.


ceived their degrees, and deposited his bodythere; it is said he was extremely clever;he was striving to get a degree the nexttime they were distributed; and there is nodoubt but it would have been conferred onhim at the age of sixteen; and it would havebeen, I have been informed the first instancein William and Mary of one so young, beingthus honored; his afflicted mother affectedme very much a day or two ago; Ah, Mrs.Kennon said she; with how much pride,and mental exultation have I looked forwardto the Fourth of July; for I anticipated thedelight I should experience on that daywhen I saw my Gregory at his early agereceive the uncommon honour of a degree;but behold the reverse, he now lies a breath-less corpse, under the very place where Ivainly hoped to see his triumph."From the faculty minutes of June 24,

1828, there is a resolution, "That the Presi-dent be authorized to have erected in theChurch a scaffold sufficiently large to ac-commodate the Visitors, the Faculty andthe graduates." This "scaffold" was forthe commencement exercises on the follow-ing Fourth of July.By 1855, the exercises were held in the

school chapel, and a reminiscence by agraduate of this decade is very informative:"In 1858, there had been many changes

since 1776. . . . Educational leadershiphad become distributed among the manynew institutions which had been established,and some of the old ones, which had grownwealthy; yet the city and the college stillretained much of their social and educa-tional prestige. . . . From my earliestmemory as a boy, my native city, Williams-burg, was stirred with the heart-burst ofits citizens on the advent of the Fourth dayof July. . . . There were five grand eventsof the day."1. The first event was the general

muster. . . . After military evolutions . . .the gallant regiment . . . marched to Wil-liam and Mary College, reaching there at11 o'clock, and occupying reserved seats inthe college chapel."2. The second event was the closing of

the commencement exercises of William andMary College. These exercises opened with

prayer. Then came the reading of theDeclaration of Independence. Then camethe Latin address by the president of thecollege. Then selected members from thegraduating classes faltered forth theirtheses, with hearts fully nerved to face thelearned faculty, the distinguished board ofvisitors, the military magnates, the critics,and the public, but palpitating with emo-tion when they encountered the glances ofyounger and brighter eyes. Then came theconferring of degrees, followed by an ad-dress which was always grand and impres-sive, and conveyed the parting words of thealma mater. The exercises closed about 1o'clock."3. The third great event was the picnic

dinners. . . . By the time-honored customof the country, the Fourth of July was ageneral holiday. No person dined at home.All feasted at the picnic dinners which wereserved upon the college campus. . . . Whenthe college exercises were concluded, thefeast began. . . ."4. The fourth event was the annual

meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.This occurred about half-past 4 o'clock inthe afternoon. At this meeting a limitednumber of graduates, previously elected,were admitted to membership."5. The final event was the closing ball.

This was held sometimes at a private resi-dence and sometimes in Apollo Hall, of theold Raleigh Tavern. . . . At this ball, alleyes eagerly explored the watch chains ofthe graduating classes to see if they bore thePhi Beta Kappa key, which was esteemeda higher honor than graduation."

The idea is so firmly fixed in our mindsthat "females", during the Colonial andRevolutionary periods, were very generallyilliterate, or nearly so, and considered themore attractive therefor, that it may comeas a slight surprise to the average laywomanto find that the foundations for the firstgirls' college were laid in 1742! With thearrival of Count Zinzendorf, a distinguishedMoravian, in this country, the present siteof Bethlehem was selected as the futureheadquarters of the denomination to whichhe was so devoted. Zinzendorf's daughter,

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [7]

THE BELL HOUSE, FIRST BUILDING OF THE MORAVIAN SEMINARY. THIS WAS ONCE THE HOME OF THE COLLEGE,

BUT NOW PART OF THE "SINGLE SISTERS' HOUSE."

the Countess Benigna, who was at that timea girl of sixteen, was eager to see other girlsin the Colonies provided with educationalopportunities, and herself organized aschool in Germantown. This was soonmoved to Bethlehem, and a circular wassent out to the Colonists which read asfollows:"We plan to make a frank and sincere

proposal to all German parents living inthe country who would like to see theirchildren better cared for without any in-convenience to their household, on nextApril 6, 1742, at 1 o'clock in the afternoon.Let all fathers and mothers in all townshipswho are concerned for the welfare of theirchildren please conform to this and reportfor this purpose at the appointed time andhour at Bechtel's or the potter Lehman'shouse in Germantown. Whoever cannotcome in person is to entrust some one else

with his opinion." Parents responded, thegirls came, and the school was opened.Back of all educational ideals, character

development was the goal held out for allstudents and the aim which their teachershad always in view. The building of rightattitudes was the all-important thing. Aspictured in the "Rules" of 1785, all Sistersor teachers are enjoined to "watch with alltheir might over the health and preventionof harm to body and soul." They must ex-hort the children to "good behavior, mod-esty, industry, cleanliness, good mannersand economy; traces of greed are not to betolerated."The growth of the Seminary was steady,

even in the face of difficulties, and by theend of the Colonial period it occupied anunrivaled position. Its influence is attestedby the fact that from the beginning itnumbered among its students girls fromthe most distinguished Colonial families.

[8] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

MISS ANNA P. SILL, FOUNDER OF THE ROCKFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN IN ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS.

Prominent names found on the roster of theearly period include: Eleanor Lee, GeorgeWashington's grand-niece; Martha Wash-ington and Cornelia Lott Greene, daughtersof General Nathanael Greene; and Mariaand Anne Jay, daughters of John Jay, firstChief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court.Her lips pursed and the fingers of her

left hand caressing the frill of her cambriccap as she guided carefully a quill pen, alittle twelve-year-old girl at Moravian Semi-nary wrote in 1787: "Here I am taughtmusic, both vocal and instrumental, I play

the guitar twice a day; am taught the spinetand the pianoforte and sometimes play theorgan. After we are in bed, one of theladies, with her guitar and voice, serenadesus to sleep."When these charming lines were traced,

the Moravian musical tradition in Americawas already nearly half a century old. Tothe first comers in Bethlehem, their devo-tion to Handel, Haydn, and especially Bachhad been a golden link with their culturalpast. Better yet, it gave expression to thedeep religious feeling that animated them

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

THE COUNTESS BENIGNA, FOUNDER OF THE MORAVIAN SEMINARY AND COLLEGE FOR WOMENIN BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.

all. In our own day, the superb BachChoir has made the community as famousfor its musicians as for its steel masters.

In spite of the great age of MoravianSeminary and College, it was not until 1915that a class was graduated as a whole.Degrees were conferred before that time,but these were bestowed on individuals andnot on groups. Instead of conventionalcommencements, however, there were pub-lic examinations and "love feasts", both ofwhich partook of the commencement char-acter.

[ 9 ]

"On the 12th of May, 1789, the first ex-amination of the pupils in the brancheswhich had been taught them was held be-fore the Board of Trustees and a few invitedguests from town. The exercises of theforenoon were confined to English andGerman reading, and questions in grammarand arithmetic. After dinner an hour wasdevoted to geography and history. On thefollowing day the pupils assembled, festivelyto close the duties of the past school-year,preparatory to entering on the pleasures ofa week's relaxation from study,—the short


vacation which at that time was grantedthem to recruit from the fatigue of mentalapplication and labor. The meeting was ofa religious character,—the love-feast whichwas partaken of by the company giving,with its concomitants of music and song,a cast of "gladsome piety" suitable to sojoyful an occasion. Specimens of writingand drawing were distributed among theguests for inspection, and a review of thepast year's studies, their uses and delights,presented by the pupils in familiar extractsis doubtless referable to Sister Kleit, atutoress, who for sixteen years drew fromthe stores of her gifted pupils, with rareskill, clothing the ideas of her poetic fancyin the garb of a simple diction, such as fallsnaturally and forcibly on the ears of child-hood." . . ."At the semi-annual close of the schools

in the spring of 1791, the 12th of Aprilwas announced as the day on which the newhouse would be consecrated for school-pur-poses and festively entered."In the afternoon we made preparations

for entering the new house. We assembledin the chapel to learn the order of the pro-cession; and here we remained until themusic of trombones from the new housegave the signal. We walked two-and-two inour room-companies, with our respectivetutoresses, to the large sleep-hall in thethird story, where we found a respectablenumber of Brethren and Sisters alreadyassembled. The Messrs. Van Zandt andMoore, of New York, were also present.After singing some suitable verses, we fellon our knees, and our dear Inspector im-plored the Savior's blessing on both houses,praying that He would always manifestHis gracious presence there, and enablethose who were concerned in their educa-tion to bring up their youthful charges toHis glory and their individual salvation."Bishop Ettwein then rose, and enlarged,

in a touching manner, on the 'daily words'of the Brethren's church. We then recitedour dialogue, and the solemnities were con-cluded with a love-feast, during which anode was sung, ourselves as well as the selectchoir of Brethren and Sisters participatingin the same to the music of many instru-ments. Brother Van Vleck finally intro-

duced us and our tutoresses into our futuredwelling-rooms." 5

It was a century after the "frank and,sincere" Pennsylvanian proposal that an-other important pioneering project wasstarted in the field of female education, thistime at Rockford, Illinois, when Miss AnnaP. Sill arrived there to establish a dayschool. She was a native of Burlington,New York, and had already shown herselfsuccessful with similar schools in the east;her invitation to Rockford was extended bythe Congregationalist minister. Two yearsafter her arrival, her school was recognizedby the Presbyterian and Congregationalistadvocates of women's education in theNorthwest Territory as the foundation ofRockford Female Seminary. This grew andprospered, and in 1882 became legallyknown as Rockford College.One of the primary purposes of Rock-

ford was to fit young women for the Mis-sionary field, and Miss Sill felt there wasno impropriety in giving providence aslight shove when it came to the promotionof such a career. Every year towards grad-uation time she invited the young men des-tined for missionaries, who were seniors atBethune—thirty miles away—to a veryproper party at which her own seniors weretheir fellow guests. It was tacitly under-stood that this party was given on purposeto afford the male missionaries an oppor-tunity for selecting suitable mates, andauthorized courting began at this point asa correlative to the commencement exer-cises!

Public examinations of the seminary stu-dents were held each June until 1854, whenthe first graduating exercises were held inthe then new Middle Hall, which is still anintegral part of the college plant. A news-paper account of these ceremonies tells usthat the program of speeches and musiccontinued during the forenoon, afternoon,

Quoted from "A History of the Moravian Semi-nary for Young Ladies" by Wm. C. Reichel & Wm.H. Bigler. It is interesting to note that a Mora-vian Bishop, John Amos Kominsky, was invited byGovernor Winthrop to become the first Presidentof Harvard.

Other quotations are made freely from theofficial pamphlets, kindly loaned for that purposeby Dr. Edwin J. Heath, President of the college.


and evening, of July 13th. Compositionsdelivered by members of the graduatingclass included "Duty Has but One Voice,that is, Persevere," 'Character is a SecretNo One Can Keep," " 'Tis Nobler Thus toRise than Never to Have Fallen," and thevaledictory, "Now and Then." In 1856,compositions by each member of the gradu-ating class were still the order of the day,and the orations included "Greatness MayBuild the Tomb, but Goodness Alone CanWrite the Epitaph," "Rome's Legacy to theWorld," "Labor, all Labor is Noble, isHoly," "As the Sea-Shell Murmurs of theOcean, so the Soul Murmurs of Eternity,"and "The Voice of Law the Harmony ofthe World."At the close of the Civil War in 1865,

Rockford Female Seminary celebrated itssixteenth anniversary. Selected senior com-positions included on the program were"Where Is Athens?" "Speech of the Days,""Burdens We'll Bear, as Birds TheirWings," and "Circuits of Nature." In1881, when Jane Addams delivered thevaledictory, the reporter for the Rockfordnewspaper observed, "Indeed, the collegespirit is taking possession of RockfordSeminary. A year's length is added to thecourse of study, to bring it abreast of col-lege standards; the terms "Freshmen" and"Sophomores" are no longer expurgatedfrom the catalogue; the young ladies havemade application for admission to the StateOratorical Association, and expect to getit; Junior Exhibition has been successfullyinaugurated; the degree of B.A. is to super-sede the old-fashioned diploma. The out-look of the seminary was never so full ofreal promise." This promise was morethan fulfilled. It was at the thirty-first an-nual commencement exercises in 1882 thatMiss Addams returned to the campus toreceive, with two other young women, thefirst degrees granted by Rockford College.Miss Sill was still at the head of the insti-tution which she served as principal from1849 until 1884.

While girls were thus gaining groundevery minute, colleges for young men hadalso been making great strides. In theSunday Morning Chronicle, published inWashington, D. C., June 29, 1862, a retro-spective news commentator recalls: "The

first commencement exercises of Colum-bian College 6 were held in the year 1824in a Presbyterian Church on F Street, nowknown as Willard Hall. Few of our citi-zens yet live who remember its importance.Both Houses of Congress and the SupremeCourt adjourned to enable its members toattend. The President, Judges of the Su-preme Court, Ministers from ForeignPowers, the distinguished Lafayette andother magnates of importance contributedto the all-absorbing interest of the occa-sion."News articles published at the time of

that first Commencement in the Daily Na-tional Journal and the Daily National In-telligencer also comment upon "the greatof the Nation" who "graced the exercises."

In addition to President Monroe, JohnQuincy Adams, John C. Calhoun andHenry Clay, "the venerable Lafayette,"then upon his farewell visit to America, islisted as "a beloved and honored guest,"in the account of the event carried by theDaily National Journal on December 18,1824.The George Washington University in

those early days was not located upon itspresent site. It was then situated uponwhat was known as College Hill, on Flor-ida Avenue between Fourteenth and Fif-teenth Streets, N. W., near what was thenthe boundary of Washington's northwestcity limits.

It is interesting to note that the locationof the University today is approximatelythat designated by George Washington him-self as the site for the institution of higherlearning of national significance which hehoped to see rise in the Capital's midst. Ina letter to the "Commissioners of the Cityof Washington," written from Mount Ver-non on October 21, 1796, which is now inthe possession of the Library of Congress,the Father of his Country, with character-istic painstaking, specifically expresseshimself on this point.

Ten thousand alumni are foregatheringin Washington at commencement time thisyear to celebrate the Sesquicentennial of theoldest Catholic college in this country. Butwhile Georgetown University, as it exists

Now George Washington University.


physically today, dates back to its land deedof 1789, its origin goes back much further:to a little schoolhouse opened in 1634, atSt. Inigoes, Maryland, by the Rev. AndrewWhite and his companions who crossed theAtlantic in the Ark and Dove with LeonardCalvert to found Maryland. In 1651 theschool stood near Calverton Manor on theWicemico Creek. In 1677 it was moved toNewton Manor and later to Bohemia Manor.In this school John Carroll, a friend ofBenjamin Franklin, and his cousin, CharlesCarroll of Carrollton, one of the signers ofthe Declaration of Independence, receivedtheir early education.

It was John Carroll, the first Archbishopof Baltimore, who proposed the erection ofa Catholic college. His proposal was actedupon in 1788, when the first building onthe present site was started. This was the"Old South" Building, which remained inuse until 1907, when it was demolished forthe erection of the present Ryan Building.Its construction was followed in a few yearsby the erection of the "Old North" Build-ing, which is still in use and from the his-toric porch of which George Washington,in 1796, and LaFayette, in 1824, addressedconvocations of Georgetown students.When the Society of Jesus was organized

in Maryland in 1805, Georgetown College,as it already had begun to be called, wastransferred to the fathers of that society,under whose control and direction it re-mains. Congress, on March 1, 1815,granted the school the power to confer de-grees, and the Holy See empowered thecollege to grant, in its name, degrees inPhilosophy and Theology. The formalincorporation of the institution was effectedby Congress in 1844.A Georgetown Diary, describing the con-

ferring of the first Bachelor's Degree fromGeorgetown upon Charles Dinnies andGeorge Dinnies of New York in June, 1817,tells us that there was present "an immensecrowd of spectators and a goodly numberof returned home who could not find places.And there was exceeding good band ofmusic who gave their services for the occa-sion." . . . "In addition," it goes on to say"there was a Latin and a French Ode, aGreek selection, pieces in English, a parlia-mentary debate of the fourteenth year ofGeorge the Second, a discourse in praise

of Literature by Thomas Lee of Maryland,and some Congressional Speeches."An old student of Oxford once said "I

wot they were sturdy students in thosetimes" and we might add they were long-suffering audiences who sat through such along display of learning and accomplish-ments! The commencement that took placeat Georgetown on the 27th of July, 1820,when the degree of Bachelor of Arts wasgiven to Jarvis Roebuck, must have lastedat least five continuous hours. As the rec-ord goes, John Faulkner delivered the pro-logue, then came a debate, then two dra-matic speeches by John Leckie and JohnRoebuck, a Greek Ode by Robert Hardy,a French Ode by Vincent Jarrot, plus adialogue and an epilogue. These were in-terspersed with translations and explana-tions given by "various students."

It was at the closing of this Commence-ment that three Indian chiefs reached theCollege, and were escorted to the stage. Asthe last strains of the music died away oneof them arose and addressed the audience,"expressing his gratification at the profi-ciency of the students and at the evidentcare taken by the professors to fill theirminds with learning."The Commencement of 29 July, 1822,

concludes a long program with two Vale-dictory speeches, the students being equalin scholarship. These early commence-ments were always attended by some of thehighest dignitaries of the state. At the com-mencement of July 28, 1823, "The Presidentof the United States came with the Secre-tary of State, while the Diplomatic Corpswas fully represented, as were the Armyand the Navy." "After the exercises werefinished" says the National Journal, "thePresident of the United States (James Mon-roe) with readiness and satisfaction at therequest of the President of the College, con-sented to distribute the premiums to thoseto whom they had been assigned; and if wecan augur from the faces of the innocentyouths, the favor and kind feeling whichhis benevolent countenance expressed willnever be eradicated from their minds."At this Commencement there were three

hundred persons, but this large numberwas far surpassed the following year, forat the Commencement of 1824 there werefive hundred in the audience. That day

THE GRADUATION CLASS OF 1889 FROM THE ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION IN ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, WEARING THECRESCENTS WHICH REPRESENTED EXCELLENCE AND SCHOLARSHIP.

was made memorable by the visit of GeneralLaFayette to the College, accompanied bya regiment of cavalry. He addressed thestudents from Old North Porch, where in1791, General Washington had also spoken.The Prospectus of August,1831, describes

the uniform worn by students for all classesand solemn Convocations. It prescribesthat

"every student must bring with him, a suit ofclothes as uniform, which is—in winter a bluecloth coat and pantaloons with a black velvetwaist-coat; in summer, white pantaloons witha black silk waist-coat and yellow buttons areused."

While Georgetown University was thusgrowing in grace and stature, eight Sistersfrom the Georgetown Visitation Conventset out, in 1833, by stage and river, to openan academy in a frontier diocese, settlingfirst in Kaskaskia, and later moving to St.Louis. The Superior of these nuns, Mother

Mary Agnes Brent, a native of historic PortTobacco, was a woman of intrepid spirit.She was not only undaunted herself by thehardships of travel and the menace ofcholera which met the little band at itsjourney's end; she revived the faintinghearts of her companions by her resource-fulness and courage, and spurred them onto effective action. Their first headquarterswere in an empty building which had oncebeen a general store; two barrels becamethe stout supports for a refectory table,boxes were turned into chairs, and palletswere laid on the floor until carpenters couldmake beds for the sisters. As soon as theywere settled ( ! ) they looked about for asuitable building in which to open theiracademy, and found that the only availablevacant property was an old inn, which hadonce enjoyed a brief day of glory, butwhich had so suffered through floods, tor-nadoes, and earthquakes that it had fallen

[13]

[ 14 ]

into a state of battered decay. But its foun-dations were firm and it contained soundlumber. It was swept, garnished and re-paired; the old creaking signboard was re-moved; and a new one was triumphantlyhung out which proclaimed the location ofthe Kaskaskia Academy.

In "The Shepherd of the Valley," pub-lished in St. Louis in 1834, is printed itsprospectus. The entire course of study istherein listed at notable length. It is inter-esting to learn that the Sisters gave lessonsin piano, harp andguitar, conductedclasses in all of theEnglish branches,and were preparedto give an ambitiouslist of cultural stud-ies to those ready toundertake them. Theclosing exerciseseach year were heldlate in July, whichmade the schoolyear a term of elevenmonths. No gradu-ating medals werebestowed by theacademy until 1836,when Miss SophieMenard received thefirst crescent award-ed by the institution.Miss Menard was anaccomplished musi-cian and altogetherworthy to head thelong list of morethan six hundred

PlIrdr


ture that records of both the Illinois andMissouri Historical Societies, later pro-nounced "the finest and most completelyequipped building of its kind (and of itstime) in the West." A carpenter in the em-ploy of "Grandpa" Menard, assisted bysome lay-brothers from Perryville, madetall four-poster beds of well-seasoned wal-nut, small square washstands, and variousother furnishings which are still the prideof the Academy. But there was no statue inthe chapel, and no place in the United

States where any-thing of the sort

iSSUS.

CCM al, Ca ZEZZEZEIZUCZEM

—Pl'AT THE

FIFTIETH

41111A IIIMIntioi pmett,

,1,4.11.0 16d, lefda

Continental Printing co.. eo. N. Oh St.

graduates of theAcademy of the Visitation, many of whomhave lived to receive the completed crescentbestowed upon those who for fifty yearshave been loyal daughters of their AlmaMater.

Within three years, more than fifty pupilswere in attendance at the Academy, andmore Sisters had come out from George-town to assist with the school. The needfor a new building became imperative, andthis was made possible by the generosityof the Menard family, which from the be-ginning had befriended the Sisters, andwhich gave its name to the $30,000 struc-

could be purchased.So when the Sisterswrote their Christ-mas letters to theother convents oftheir order, "a littlesigh was droppedover this sad lack."When this letter wasread in farawayMans, the novicesof the commun-ity were deeplytouched. They ob-tained permission tohave a lovely hand-carved woodenstatue of Our Ladyof Mercy redeco-rated for their "dearSisters of Kaskas-kia" and sent tothem in care of a"respectable ecclesi-astic journeying toAmerica." It ar-rived safely in 1842,

and is now enshrined in St. Louis where theAcademy was moved in 1844 from Kaskas-kia, following a disastrous flood. Afteroccupying several different headquartersthe school is now established in a fine mod-ern plant on Cabanne Avenue. The Visita-tion Crescent is still bestowed on membersof the graduating class who merit distinc-tion for the manner in which they haveprofited by their oonvent education.7

Quotations have been freely used from the offi-cial pamphlets of the academy, kindly loaned forthis purpose.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [15]

The early issues of Godey's Lady's Bookcontain no fashion plates designating filmyfrocks as especially suitable for gradua-tion, after the manner of its successors inits special field. But its moving spirit,Sarah Josepha Hale, was one of the firstand most enthusiastic "rooters" for Vassar,and never failed to take an opportunity toset its merits forth on her "Editor's Table.""Vassar College: Woman's Own" is theheading of her contribution to the June1864 issue of the magazine, and her ex-uberant text reads, in part, as follows:"Again we make this educational wonder

our theme, because public feeling demandsmore information concerning Vassar Col-lege, and the mode of its intended manage-ment. Happily we can now give the ideaof its noble Founder, in his own honestwords, showing that his design was, and is,to bestow his gifts for the benefit of woman,in the highest sense which the advantagesof collegiate learning, and opportunitiesof culture and use can bestow on the femi-nine sex."We will give selections from Mr. Vas-

sar's eloquent Address (would that we hadroom for the whole!) on the organizationof the College Faculty; and also on thereligious influences which he would com-mend. The Character of the InstitutionMust be Perfect. 'This Institution, as animpersonality, is the object of our care.'. . . 'It is my hope, it was my only hopeand desire, indeed it has been the main in-centive to all I have already done or mayhereafter do, or hope to do, to inaugurate anew era in the history and life of woman.'. . . 'I wish to give one sex all the ad-vantages too long monopolized by the other.Ours is, and is to be, an institution forwomen—not men.' . . . 'Let woman then,at least, share the most prominent and re-sponsible positions in your gift, and letthem be proffered her as her unquestion-able right, as far as she can fill them withequal ability to men.' . . . 'Reduce, if itcan be so, your nine male professorships byone-half, so that all the rest may be left tothe natural province of woman as distinctlyhers.' . . . 'The strongest incentives togoodness, and the most valuable religioustendencies will be found to flow most of all,like an emanation, from the presence ofgifted, cultivated Christian women' . . .

Such are the enlightened views of Mr. Vas-sar. If these are faithfully carried out, hisCollege must become the glory of Christiancivilization. From it will go forth an influ-ence essentially subserving the cause ofpeace and good-will among the churches ofour land and of all Christendom. Thispower of womanly influence has never yethad proper training, right direction, orample encouragement. Let all womenthank God and Mr. Vassar—`and takecourage.' "

Although Mrs. Hale did not feature grad-uation dresses, this sort of support was farmore valuable than fashion plates, and in-directly the Lady's Book does help us tovisualize "Miss Vassar-1865—The FirstWoman's College Freshman in the wideworld" (to quote Mrs. Hale again) . Adoll, long a family heirloom, has beendressed in blue and brown plaid taffeta byMrs. Robert H. Carey of Worcester, Mas-sachusetts, to represent this composite crea-ture, and the costume is copied from aGodey sketch. Eleanor St. George, writingabout this doll in "Hobbies" for July 1939,goes on to tell us that the First Freshman,in pursuit of "simple feminine sports," wasalways amply clothed."Her riding habit was very full, many

yards of cloth gathered at the waist andtrailing on the floor when she stood.Beneath it she wore two white muslin petti-coats, heavily embroidered and stifflystarched, that reached to her ankle."The bathing suit was no less revealing,

consisting, as it did, of very long, very fulltrousers of heavy wool gathered at theankles, long stockings, a full skirt thatcame well down on the calves, covering thetrousers, the neck high and the sleeves long."Her 'undies' were none of your flimsy

rayon or silk scanties' but good stout honestmuslin heavily adorned with tucks and em-broidery. In winter she wore a 'Balmoral'—a wide substantial petticoat of woolenfabric, pleated to a hip-yoke and edged atthe bottom with a fluted ruffle which, inturn, was edged with black worsted braidand black velvet. In all seasons she worea hoop skirt."Her stockings—for she followed the

latest from Paris—were white striped inblue. Empress Eugenie had at the momentadopted that style and women everywhere


THE DAILY GRAPHIC, NEW YORK, MONDAY, JUNE 29, 1874. 909

Nee5;e,

k.W.04.0.0"Mk -Ve

r .

lipoitnv iiiiiiiiiiru,111111111111tinlit ttii II'

Ci.ASIS-HAT—PRESSETATION OP TSP SPADE BY THE ORADESTING MASS

To T. SEW SENIOR CLAM

pRoHERAIHRO THE 001110000.

Ififfinfil 01111111M1111TVE COMIXECEMEST EXERCISES IN THE CRAPE,

COMMEICCEMENT AT VASSAR COLLEGE.

trEoll 14.IC5ES BY EMS P. P. TREE, Or VASS,: CuLLE011.]


THE DAILY GRAPHIC, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JUNE 28, 1873—TRIPLE SHEET.

[17]

. ,.. ,,,4,......,', ,.,, . ,, ......

Ot tcefri

....C ti S' . '

* 2

---,L •

??....

A r- oil1 2., ....,. _

- ..,..m....; L

4

-

. -Li '- ,

'

• .....

-,_, -4.•%••,:;,

,_

v.)

,.

FIINIl hii

•inilo rtli104l'.

• , ,

1" '16

1

li ii,0

iti1,

2.:.,,.

b, ' i 7 '... 1 ,,

-te.

.. .

....m...

-7— —--.

''' A e. ,,,'i .. '-''.• ',./ *, -

,

• - - - .- ''-_,.4,

0010KENCEMENT EXERCISES AT 'VASSAR COLbEGE, POUGHKEEPSIE, ON WEDNUDAY.

looked to Eugenie for the latest elegance indress."When chill winds of winter blew about

Poughkeepsie, she wore mittens and sub-stituted for her muslin undersleeves, knittedones, known as muffattees.'"All of these interesting garments, au-

thentic copies are in the wardrobe of theVassar-1865'."

To the Daily Graphic, published in NewYork, we are indebted for visual evidenceof the Vassar girl's appearance at com-mencement. These pictures are so delight-fully illuminating that no descriptions areneeded to supplement them.

A scrap book belonging to Mary Whitonof the Smith College class of '79 is rich insource material concerning the early daysat that institution. It opens on a clippingdescribing the first Baccalaureate Sermonpreached there:"The new First church at Northampton

was filled yesterday afternoon, in spite of

a severe shower, to hear President L. ClarkeSeelye's baccalaureate sermon to the Smithcollege girl graduate, the first ever deliv-ered for the college. President Seelyetook his text from Matthew vi: 33, 'Butseek ye first the kingdom of God andHis righteousness, and all these thingsshall be added unto you.' . . . Thereare two common errors from which thetext delivers us: First, the mistake of sup-posing that because religion is of primalimportance, learning is of little conse-quence; and, second, the error of imag-ining that intellectual culture can eversupersede a power superior to religion.The former mistake has been that of reli-gious fanatics in every age; it has givenbirth to the grossest superstitions and themost abominable crimes. Christianityteaches us that religion consists in the bestuse of every capacity. A truly religioussoul will be most earnest in all efforts topromote intelligence."Two pages further on, another clipping

[18]

pasted in the scrap book describes the com-mencement as a whole:"Northampton has enjoyed a college

commencement, and Smith college now hasan alumnae. And everybody is satisfiedwith the results of the long-anticipatedanniversary—which culminated in the pre-sentation of diplomas to the 11 graduatesyesterday noon. Other commencementsmay be more brilliant, but none can excitemore interest amongthe friends of thecollege than has thisinitial one. And yetit has been attendedwith as little of thetraditional com-mencement 'pompand pride' as oneever meets withon such occasion.There was no streetprocession, no pub-lic examinations, nograduating essays,no white dresses, noannouncement of2;cholarship rank,no award of prizes.But there was abeautiful hall filledwith appreciativepeople and deckedwith flowers, anopen prayer by Rev.Mr. Leavitt, a mag-nificent oration byPresident Eliot ofHarvard, a brief poem written by ElizabethStuart Phelps and read by Prof. Churchill,orchestral music, the sound of the same fa-miliar Latin which has from time in me-moriam welcomed the young men of ourcolleges to their degrees, and the finalprayer by the president, a prayer which wasunusually tender and appropriate, and thenthe whole was finished, in considerably lessthan two hours."Although it was feared that Social hall

in the college building would prove toostraight for the people who would wish toattend, sufficient room was found for allby throwing open the adjoining recita-tion-room, owing to the utmost care on thepart of the student ushers. Nearly all the


trustees were present and sat, with thefaculty, on the platform, which was embel-lished with appropriate floral decorations,baskets of flowers being also hung from thecross-beams overhead. The class figures'79', wrought in white and red rosebuds,were placed at the opposite end of the room,directly under the Sophia Smith portrait.. . . The seniors sat in the front row ofseats, and those of the audience seated in

the recitation-roomfaced the side of theplatform."

The "College Edi-tion" of The Cou-rant, published atWellesley, Massa-chusetts, on June 28,1889, is anothertreasure trove. Thetext is headed withthe cut of a fancifulbanner and the quo-tation of a highmoral precept, "Noday without a deedto crown it." Then,one by one, the daysof the week, with anappropriate sub-title, are used ascaptions:

"SATURDAY.THE PRESIDENT'SRECEPTION To '89.

"The festivities ofCommencement week began with the Presi-dent's reception. . . . This is the most in-formal and therefore the most enjoyableof all the receptions tendered to the Seniorclass. . . . Old friends of '86, '87 and '88turned up most unexpectedly. Class re-unions, regardless of the 'reunion scheme,'took place in cosy corners. . . . For thosewho could refrain from talking long enoughto enter the dining hall, there were delici-ous refreshments served."The advertisements contained in this col-

lege edition of The Courant are most illus-trative of the tastes and needs of the sweetgirl graduate of the day. R. H. Stearns &Co. announces "Sashes, Gloves, Fans, ForCommencements." Jos. E. DeWitt is pre.

FIRST

COMMENCEMENT

AT

SMITH COLLEGE,

ON

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 18th,

1879.


THE WELLESLEY SENIOR CLASS CREW OF 1888

pared to furnish "Art Supplies and Sta-tionery. For Polite Correspondence, theLatest Novelties in Papeteries." OliverDitson Company reminds his select clien-tele that "Music and Flowers go well to-gether." "Prepare to enjoy the genial sea-son by learning Summer Songs, and play-ing restful Summer Idyls," he continues,listing such gems as "Hunting 4-leafedClover," "Alpine Shepherd," "Fairy Echo,"and "Forget-Me-Not." Washburn & Reed,Druggists, "Offer a Full Line of Combs,Hair, Teeth and Nail Brushes, Cologne, BayRum, Bulk Perfumes and Sachet Powders.""The Eyesight" forms the caption of Les-lie Millar's advertisement which carries insmall type, "In the hurry of an establish-ment where attention to customers is oftenleft to clerks, such delicate work is fre-quently slighted. The office is in a quiet,central part of the city, perfectly easy of ac-cess, and where personal attention willalways be given." J. J. Cawthorn's "lay-

[19 ]

out" is even more arresting. "Hot Water"is spread boldly across two columns.Underneath in very small letters are thewords "Bottles in Various Sizes." Theyoung ladies of those days were more givento retiring with these comforting com-panions than their successors, though, beit said in justice, rowing as a sport hasflourished from the very beginning atWellesley.

Hood College, as the Woman's College ofFrederick, Maryland, was organized in 1893by the transfer of the department for youngwomen of Mercersburg College at Mercers-burg, Pennsylvania, to Frederick, and itsunion with the Frederick Female Seminary,established fifty years earlier.The first graduating class from the

Woman's College, whose members are stillall living, was that of 1895. But closingexercises had been marked by special cere-monies the year before. "Closing exercises


THE HOOD COLLEGE CLASS OF 1895

at the Woman's College were continuedwhen the Lesbian Literary Society heldtheir first anniversary in College Chapel,before so large an audience that a numberwere compelled to stand," says a contem-porary newspaper account. "The programconsisted of instrumental and vocal selec-tions, recitations, etc., all of which wererendered in a manner creditable to thescholars and pleasing to the faculty. Thestage was prettily decorated, and as theyoung ladies would emerge from a bowerof green they were applauded by theirfriends in the audience. The members ofthe Lesbian Literary Society have affordedtheir friends and the public some very pleas-ant occasions during the past winter, andthe ovation they received last evening onlyproved that their work has been appre-ciated. At the conclusion of the first partof the program, Rev. Conrad Clever, D.D.,of Baltimore, delivered an oration on, "OurCountry," which proved to be the featureof the evening. Rev. Clever was introducedby Prof. Apple, and commenced his orationby paying a tribute to the ladies. 'I have

always been interested in the ladies,' hesaid, 'and have been so from early life.'The speaker delivered a most eloquent andstirring address, and at times was inter-rupted by loud applause from the audience.During the oration, Rev. Clever gave a de-scription of the twentieth century girl, andif he is correct, she will be somewhat moreprogressive than her nineteenth century sis-ter. 'She will take the liberty of poppingthe question without ever waiting for leapyear said Rev. Clever, 'and at all timeswill ;he be able to take her own part.' Thespeaker concluded his address amid a stormof applause."

And this, it seems to us, is a good placeto conclude an article, hoping that thisalso will elicit at least a little applause!

NOTE: This article is not intended as a com-prehensive account of early graduation cere-monies. It is intended only to furnish a generalidea of the forms which these took, by givinga few arresting examples. The editor is ex-tremely grateful to the institutions which co-operated with her in assembling material.

"And A Highway Shall Be There.MAURINE KAMPS AUST

In connection with the account of earliest educational efforts made in this country, it is interesting toconsider some present-day undertakings along the same general lines. Mrs. Aust has written for usan arresting account of the work at Northland College, which is one of the N. S. D. A. R.'s Approved

Schools

"THE wilderness and the solitary place-11- shall be glad for them; and the desert

shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. Itshall blossom abundantly, and rejoice evenwith joy and singing; the glory of Lebanonshall be given unto it, the excellency ofCarmel and Sharon; they shall see theglory of the Lord, and the excellency of ourGod. . . ."Then the eyes of the blind shall be

opened, and the ears of the deaf shall beunstopped. Then shall the lame man leapas a hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing:for in the wilderness shall waters break out,and streams in the desert. . . ."And a highway shall be there, and a

way, and it shall be called The way of holi-ness; the unclean shall not pass over it; butit shall be for those: the wayfarying men,though fools, shall not err therein."—Isaiah 35.

This text seems peculiarly appropriatefor Northland College, at Ashland, Wiscon-sin, for that institution does provide ahighway for the young people of the northcountry—a highway envisioned by coura-geous pioneers; built by patience, love,and devotion to ideals; traveled by deserv-ing boys and girls who take their places inthe world as well-educated men and women.Among Wisconsin colleges Northland is

unique, for not one of its two hundred stu-dents is there because going to college is"the thing to do"; all of them are therebecause they sincerely and honestly wantan education.About ten years ago Northland was recog-

nized by the National Society, Daughters ofthe American Revolution, and placed on itslist of Approved Schools. The basis ofrecognition of Northland's work was thatit is located in a section of the country inwhich there are no other colleges, and thefact that the population served is made uplargely of first-generation people in thiscountry from northern and western Europe.

Northern Wisconsin, northern Michigan.and northern Minnesota are settled in whatmight be termed "foreign colonies." Whenlarge areas of cut-over land were being colo-nized by land companies, a representativeof the company would be sent to Europe toenlist a considerable group of people of thesame nationality. For example, the countryaround Moquah, Herbster, and Cornucopiais settled by Russians; in the Minersvilledistrict the population is Finnish; aroundButternut and Glidden, German; aroundMontreal, Jugo-Slav and Italian. Perhapsthe predominating nationalities are Scandi-navian, usually Swedish and Norwegian.The student body at Northland is thereforemore cosmopolitan than at many institutionsof several times its size. Ordinarily fifteenor twenty nationalities are represented inthe student body each year.

Another feature that commended North-land to the Daughters of the AmericanRevolution was its adaptation to the needsof a frontier region. Persons living in themore thickly populated sections of theUnited States do not realize that the wholeof northern Wisconsin averages less thanthirteen per cent under cultivation, com-pared with sixty-seven per cent in southernWisconsin. Within one hundred miles ofNorthland are about 240,000 people, themajority of whom live on pioneer farms.Instead of attempting to imitate large uni-versities and older, wealthier colleges,Northland has maintained an atmosphereand general plan of operation more in ac-cordance with the financial status and socialbackground of its young people. The resultis that most of the students earn their entireexpenses while in school. Tuition, board,room, books, and incidentals are includedin the unusually low minimum of $375 ayear.

Northland was founded in 1892, pri-marily through the efforts of Rev. E. P.Wheeler, an Ashland pastor, and Rev. G. W.Nelson, Wisconsin home missionary super-

[ 21 ]

[22]

intendent. A few years previously interesthad been revived in the history of earlymission days, particularly in the old churchand mission house on Madeline Island,which had played an important part inevangelizing the Ojibway Indians. Thisresulted in the organization of the LakeSuperior Congregational Club. In 1891a conference, held at Pratt, was attended byrepresentatives of the clergy and prominentChristian laity of northern Wisconsin, andby leading educators from other parts ofthe state and from Minnesota. Followingtheir deliberations the North WisconsinAcademy was incorporated, an action laterendorsed by the Winnebago convention ofthe Congregational Church.

Liberal offers of land for a site and gen-erous pledges by Ashland citizens to thesubscription list for necessary buildingswere factors in locating the school at Ash-land, the commercial center of the region.On July 15, 1892, Mrs. Harriet Wood

Wheeler, widow of a pioneer missionaryand a missionary herself, wrote to her rela-tives at Beloit: "I supposed we had our bestthings at the Island, but the interest culmi-nated yesterday at the laying of the corner-stone of the academy. I send you a pro-gram. Professor Blaisdell* outdid him-self. He made a most profound impression.I think the citizens of Ashland will not soonforget him?' t

Although Northland has continued itsrelationship with the Congregational de-nomination, it is a non-sectarian school in

* James J. Blaisdell, professor of philosophy atBeloit College, Beloit, Wis.t "In Unnamed Wisconsin," J. M. Davidson,

p. 256; 1895, Milwaukee, Wis.


A RUSTIC BRIDGE

AT NORTHLAND

COLLEGE

every respect. There is, however, a definiteChristian atmosphere maintained, becauseit is not only the tradition of the school butthe belief of the present administration thatno life is complete without a positive reli-gious conviction and training.Secondary school work was carried on

until 1908, when the academy was rechar-tered as Northland College and work inadvance of high school was offered. Theclass of 1912 was the first class graduatedwith the degree of bachelor of arts.Much of Northland's success is due to

President J. D. Brownell, who entered theacademy from Clark County, Wisconsin.The major portion of his college work wastaken at Ripon College, though he receivedhis degree from Amherst in 1910. He re-turned to Northland to teach English andto coach in athletics. At that time there wasan enrollment of three juniors, three sopho-mores, and an entering class of ten.In 1914 the trustees unanimously chose

the young English instructor to head theschool. In spite of three disastrous fires,upheaval and change caused by the WorldWar, and the nation-wide depression oflater years, Northland has forged ahead togreat achievements. When the academystarted it had no assets; today the valuationis $350,000, which includes Wheeler Hall,Woods Hall, the Industrial Building, Wom-en's Memorial Hall, the president's home,and three faculty homes. A few years agothe president's friends began to raise a$100,000 fund, known as the J. D. BrownellFoundation. Ripon has conferred uponher former student the degree of doctor ofdivinity.


A GRADUATION

PROCESSION

AT NORTHLAND

With the development of high schoolsthroughout the area and the increase in thenumber of young people seeking educationbeyond high school, the college departmentbegan to outstrip the academy. Academywork was finally discontinued in 1931, soat present only work of college grade isoffered.To make it possible for students to earn

their way, all work about the campus isdone by students: Cooking and servingmeals, dishwashing, laundry work, janitorwork, repairs, planting trees, landscaping,and grading. Even with this program, ap-plications far exceeded the number thusemployed; consequently, two major indus-tries of a commercial character that wouldpay their own way and employ students,were established.The first is the Northland College Press.

All college printing is done there and a con-siderable volume of commercial job print-ing is handled annually. No faculty mem-ber is in charge; the Press is run entirelyby students.The second industry is the Northland

Craft Shop, which provides employment ofan educational nature and uses native rawmaterials. Dr. Brownell tells the story ofits founding:"We already knew that these young peo-

ple possessed originality and skill withtheir hands. Although no one on thecampus knew anything at all about ham-mering copper, we decided on that at leastas an experiment. We provided a dozenhammers and some sheets of copper, to-gether with a pair of old compasses and aroller. Twelve boys were called in and

[ 23 ]

told that with those materials they were tomake something."Within a few days they were bringing

some products to the office, beautiful indesign and fairly marketable in workman-ship. The Craft Shop has developed verywell, so that now at least fifty articles arebeing produced, ranging all the way fromletter openers to fireplace sets."Many chapters of the N. S. D. A. R. have

found it profitable to themselves, and help-ful to Northland students, to have consign-ments of craft goods sent and placed onsale. A considerable volume of businesshas been provided for the students in thisway. A commission is given to those han-dling the consignments, and transportationis paid one way on the shipment.

Northland has not been content merelywith providing employment for students,but has established an enviable reputationfor high scholastic standards. Graduatesare received with full credit for and recogni-tion of their degree for graduate work bythe various midwestern universities, and aregiven full credit for teaching by the statedepartments of public instruction in prac-tically all midwestern states. One of theoutstanding developments has been the de-partment of library training.Perhaps the finest tribute to Northland's

work was paid by Dr. Floyd W. Reeves,statistical expert of the North Central Asso-ciation of Colleges, who, after a painstakingsurvey, wrote, "I know of no institution inAmerica where a dollar invested produceslarger dividends in intellectually, morallyand spiritually trained young men andwomen."

Truly, "A highway has been there!"

MagnoliaEUDOCIA LUCKY

Smooth are your petals like the parchment white01 nuptial prayerbooks. Clasps of burnished filigreeYour heart of gold conceal from vulgar sight.Your lasting sweetness lures us, near or far,And yet no ruthless hand essays to touch your bloom;No fingers wittingly your whiteness mar,For none will reach to pluck you from the treeSave those who love your fragrance and revereYour handsome grace, your noble chastity.Pure gem encased in leaves of regal sheen,Resplendent with romance itself, Magnolia fair,Majestic, bride of June and Southland's queen!

[ 24]

Quaker WeddingJAMES T. WORTHINGTON

How strange it seemed to sit with him uponthe women's side!

I did not dare to lift my eyes: I felt more fearthan pride,

'Till, "In the presence of the Lord," he said,and then there came

A holy strength upon my heart, and I couldsay the same.

I used to blush when he came near, but thenI showed no sign;

With all the meeting looking on, I held hishand in mine.

-BAYARD TAYLOR.

TT was at a marriage feast, some twocenturies ago, that Robert, a member of

the Society of Friends, met the Quakermaiden, Mary."Never marry but for love" was the ad-

monition of their great leader, WilliamPenn, "but seest that thou lovest what islovely." And Robert, as did others, sawthat sixteen-year-old Mary was lovely, andwas so moved by her loveliness that it wasin his mind and heart to marry her.Some years before, Robert, whose first

home was in England, "having intention totransport himself to Pencilvania, in Amer-ica" (so reads the record), secured from aMonthly Meeting a "certificate of good con-versation," meaning, of course, good de-portment, and sailed for the New World.

His father, John, of Cheshire, once "suf-fered Distress of Goods for attending aMeeting, but two miles from his Dwelling,"and such restrictions and persecutions be-cause of his faith oppressed Robert.

His desire was to go to a land where aman could be free; where he could accom-plish things—for Robert had the spirit ofthe pioneer. So he came to America, where,when he presented his "Sertificat" to aMonthly Meeting, it "was Red and well Ex-cepted"; such is the spelling of the oldrecord.

That Robert was well accepted by Friendsin America is evidenced by records show-ing that he frequently was given importantassignments, among them being attendanceat marriages, where it was his duty to "seethings decently managed." During wedding

celebrations Friends somewhat relaxed theirusual restrictions and were merry to a de-gree not seen in their daily life. It wason such an occasion that Robert met Mary.Mary had lost her father, and lived in

Burlington with her mother, sisters, andbrother Richard. Robert was acquaintedwith Friend Richard Burtis, and with himhad inspected the Burtis plantation, whereslaves cultivated the land. Soon'after meet-ing Mary, Robert found occasion to visitthe home of Friend Richard. He repeatedhis visits so frequently and gave Mary somuch of his attention that it soon becameevident how the land lay."Lovers," says a chronicler of the cus-

toms of the day, "then listened and tooksidelong glances when before their parentsor elders." "But," observes another com-mentator, "how these hopefuls behaved inthe absence of the aforesaid worthies, weare not informed."

Howbeit, Robert wooed Mary, and, wemay be sure, with soft inflections of the"thou's" and "thee's" when he spoke withher. They talked of many things—prob-ably a great deal about themselves."Friend Robert," once questioned Mary,

"dost think my blue apron too brightlycolored?""No, Mary," he said, "the women of the

Friends in England wear much brightercolors than do our people here. I thinkcolor most becoming, Mary, and blue wasmade for thee."For her further encouragement he told

her that George Fox, founder of the So-ciety of Friends, had himself purchasedscarlet cloth from which was made a mantlefor his wife, and that scarlet was worn bymany peasant Friends in the century justpast. And green! Why, in parts of Eng-land the women Friends were known as"Green Aprons," because they wore suchgarments."But," suggested Robert, "there seems

to be a spirit of perversity in thy sex, Mary,for, seest thou—when the stylish folk wearwhite aprons, thou wearest blue and green:

[ 25 ]


and when the gay folk wear colored aprons,why, then thou wearest white."Mary asked many questions concerning

life in England and as to Robert's travelsin America. "Friend Robert," Mary said,"some say thee hast gone beyond the greatmountains; is it true, Friend Robert?"And Robert, thus prompted, told how,

at an inn he had met Van Meter, a Dutch-man, who lived and traded with the In-dians; how with this man of the frontier,whose clothes of buckskin were fringed asto shirt and leggings and who wore a coon-skin cap, he had gone on a long journeythrough the wilderness of western Pennsyl-vania, to a wonderful valley beyond theBlue Mountains, in the Colony of Virginia.He told Mary of crossing a river, called

by the Indians Cohongorutan (the call ofthe wild goose) and by white men Poto-mac; and of finding another river, theShenandoah, meaning in the Indian tongue"Daughter of the Stars," which, flowing atthe foot of the Blue Mountains, emptiesinto the Potomac.

Robert spoke of the broad lands, stretch-ing a green carpet from the river and themountains in the east to other mountains,far in the west; he told of clear springswhich fed streams flowing into the Shenan-doah; there, he told Mary, the land waspeaceful; there were few, if any, Indians,and as to that, no Indian would harm aFriend. In that valley, he said, vast herdsof buffalo fed and grew fat in the spaciousmeadows.Mary, like all Quaker girls, was indus-

trious, but at times her thoughts strayedfrom occupations with which her handswere engaged. As she sat at her spinningwheel and while in other ways she playedthe part of a little housewife, there oftenwas in her mind a picture of a valley wherea young wife might be mistress in her ownhouse and where a husband might see greatherds of cattle thrive.

Between times when he told Mary shewas beautiful, that her eyes were like theblue of heaven and clear and deep likecrystal pools; that there were flecks of sun-shine in her chestnut hair, and such likethings, Robert let it be known to Mary (andat opportune moments reminded her motherand brother) that he was a fairly prosper-ous merchant in Philadelphia, the great

city of more than two thousand people.Mary gave close heed to matters relating

to the blue of her eyes and the bloom ofher cheeks (likened to peach blossoms) andlikewise to statements concerning flecks ofsunshine in her hair. Her mother andbrother laid greater stress upon Robert'sstanding in the community. He was, theythought, a worthy member of the Societyof Friends, and, withal, had shown abilityin acquiring a portion of the world's goods.So there came an eventful evening in

late winter when, as they sat upon a high-backed settle beside a fire that made waver-ing shadows play upon the whitewashedwalls and sanded floor, Mary promised tobecome Robert's wife. The consent of hermother was soon obtained.My! There was a flutter among Mary's

Quakeress friends when on a day in springthere appeared, affixed to the MeetingHouse door, a notice that Robert and Maryhad "Intentions to Marry." There it wasfor all the world to see, and there it re-mained a full month.To the Meeting was submitted a very im-

portant document reading: "We, the sub-scribers" (setting forth their names, par-entage, and places of abode) "purpose tak-ing each other in marriage, which we herebyoffer for approbation of Friends."A committee, under instructions of the

Meeting, called upon Robert and questionedhim closely as to his "clearness to proceedin marriage," in order to determine thatthere was no other engagement. None wasfound, and so invitations could be sent torelatives and friends, bidding them to awedding dinner and requesting certain ofthem to "stand up" with Robert and Maryand set their names to a marriage contract,as witnesses.About this time Mary, her sister Elisa,

and her particular friend, Phebe, mighthave been seen seated about a table with apack of playing cards spread between them.What could it mean—a pack of cards—three Quaker girls!

It was well known that one who playedcards, "an enticing, vain and Evil Sport,"if convicted, was subject to a fine of fiveshillings or to confinement, at hard labor,in the House of Correction.But there was very proper reason for

their occupation, as would have been seen


when Phebe, selecting a card, turned it facedown'

and with a goose-quill pen wroteupon the plain back an invitation addressedto Friend Thomas Huhloke. No one wouldhave thought it strange that Mary, Elisa,and Phebe were so employed; for, in theabsence of other suitable material, playingcards were commonly used by Friends andothers for such purposes.The great day arrived, and Mary and her

attendants made themselves ready. It wasbefore the period when Quaker garb as-sumed a uniformity of drab. Friends thenreproved nothing as to dress but the extrava-gance that "all sober men of all sorts read-ily agree to be evil." So Mary and theother Quaker girls wore delicately coloredgarments—such frivolities as white satinpetticoats embroidered with flowers.Mary wore a pearl satin robe, long in

the back; also a white satin stomacher,which may be described as embroidered incolors and laced in blue from side to side.Other items of her attire were delicate lawnabout the neck, a short blue bodice, andshoes of light-blue brocade with very highheels. The little shoes were sharply pointedat the toes.Upon her sun-flecked chestnut hair she

wore a broad-brimmed "skimming dish"hat, with scarcely any crown, tied withsilken cords in a bewitching bow under herchin. It was an expensive hat, made ofbeaver fur.

Mary's attendants—Phebe Allison, ElisaBurtis, Mary Cowling, and ElizabethEdwards—were attired in costumes verysimilar to that which Mary wore: Softcolors, quiet shades of blue, apple green,rose, corn color; set off with laces, lawn,and ribbons; all within the bounds ofpropriety.At the Meeting House the screen, or

"shutters," that divided the one large whiteroom when the men and the women, eachon their side, held business meetings, hadbeen raised to the ceiling.

In the "high seat," opposite the entrance,sat Friend Josiah Smallworth, in long-skirted gray coat, breeches and stockings,square-toed shoes and broad-brimmed hat,with hands crossed on top of his cane.On each side, in seats somewhat lower

and slightly forward, sat two gray-clad men,also of the elder generation: Friend Nich-

olas Wilson, an imperturbable severityresting on his dark features, and FriendArthur Howson, with face shrouded by thewide brim of his hat.These elders of the Society saw Friends

quietly and sedately enter the room andtake their seats, the men on one side andthe women on the other. A general viewof the women's side showed a predominantcast of gray, with here and there shades ofcolor—green, brown

' and plum. This pic-

ture was somewhat lightened by brightertints worn by the girls and unmarriedwomen.As to headgear on the women's side:

There were many "capuchins" with pointedhoods and cloaks, an article of attire thenworn by both the plain and the gay. Therewere cardinals,' so called because theoriginal was of scarlet cloth; these hadround hoods and short capes. The bonnet,then making its appearance in the Province,was worn by some, but with compunctionsof conscience, for it was an innovation,although in fact merely an adaptation ofthe "skimmer" with wide brim drawn fardown, close to the face. The broad-brim-med "skimming dish" hat, retained in placeby ribbons or cords, was worn by thosedressed in lighter, brighter colors.On the men's side habiliments of gray and

the darker colors were overshadowed bybroad-brimmed hats.Mary and her attendants sat in a group;

the seat next to Mary, on the aisle, wasvacant.

Robert's friends, Samuel Scathsgood andThomas Huhloke, sat on the men's side.Robert took the vacant seat by Mary, onthe women's sidesHe was outwardly calm, and when he saw

Mary and was seated beside her he wasmore aware than ever before that she wasthe most precious gem in all the universe;and this gem and her attendants, when notquietly admiring and, perhaps, silently criti-cising each other's finery, were impressedby Robert and his clothes.In truth he was no unworthy object of

attention, for Robert's silk-lined, long-skirted coat was of rich wine-colored silk,his smallclothes the same, and embroideredflowers appeared upon a waistcoat of likecolor and material. There were buckles atthe knee where smallclothes and silk stock.


ings met, and a broad-brimmed hat sur-mounted the whole.

This was a regular meeting of Friends,not called in connection with a wedding.The Meeting House was not a place of wor-ship, and after a period of silence, no onebeing moved to speak, and there being nobusiness matters to consider, Friend JosiahSmallworth, occupant of the "high seat,"announced:"An opportunity is now afforded our

friends to unite themselves in marriage,according to our rules."

Robert and Mary stepped into the aisle.There arose also those who "stood up" withthe man and woman who were to marry.No priest or minister had any part in thatceremony; only the man, the woman andthe witnesses.

Clasping Mary's hand in his, Robert said:"In the presence of the Lord and before thisassembly, I take thee, Mary Burtis, to bemy wife, promising with Divine assistance,to be unto thee a loving and faithful hus-band, until death shall separate us." AndMary, clasping Robert's hand, in like words,soft but clear, took him to be her husband.

Friend Scathsgood brought a small table,pen, and ink, and spread upon the table acertificate reciting in the customary formthat Robert Worthington, of Philadelphia,in Pennsylvania, and Mary Burtis, of Bur-lington, Province of New Jersey, had madethe required promises, "and in further con-firmation thereof have hereunto set theirhands, she after the custom of marriage,adopting the name of her husband."

Robert and Mary signed the documentand, after sand had been sifted on the un-dried ink, an elderly Fillend read it aloudto the congregation. The marriage con-tract was then signed by witnesses.They were now man and wife and, amid

rejoicing, they with relatives and friendsrepaired to Mary's home on the long prin-cipal street, leading down to the DelawareRiver. There dinner was served in a roomwith whitewashed walls and clean whitesand on the floor.Some such feasts were prolonged as much

as two days and were trying to all but theguests; but Mary's mother and brotherRichard would have none of that.The party enjoyed the best that fields,

streams, and forest afforded, and vessels

containing wine made the round of the tablefor the benefit of the men, for Friends madeno restrictions as to good food, or gooddrink either, provided moderation was ob-served.Then Robert took Mary to Philadelphia,

where she was mistress of "a plantation onthe banks of the Delaware" until the daythey moved to the valley of which Roberthad told her.They did, in fact, very soon make a

journey of some two hundred miles, ridingat first through settled country and thenthrough a wilderness of brightly coloredautumn leaves.

With them were Robert's relatives—Jacob, unmarried, and Samuel and his wifeSarah, whose name had been Simcock until,as Samuel acknowledged in open Meeting,he "stole her from her parents in the nighttime" (a fine Quakerish proceeding! ) .Packhorses carried their household

goods. On the way, when they had passedthe settlements and had gone beyond theroad that ended at what is now York, Penn-sylvania, they slept on beds formed of tuftsof pine branches, in "lean-to" shelters madewith saplings and boughs. They cooked"journey cakes" and roasted venison by theheat of crackling fires and baked potatoes(then a new vegetable) in the hot ashes.When the valley was reached Mary's

home at first was a two-room house built oflogs; and then, with the aid of their nearestneighbors, who lived on the Potomac onlyten miles away, Robert built, by a gushingspring, a stone house which, with the estateupon which it stood, he called "QuarryBank."

There, in the Valley of the Shenandoah,the Quaker bride lived to see her children'schildren. She saw a son, another Robert,grow to manhood and win a commission inthe savage warfare that later descendedupon the valley; she saw the church hehelped to build, St. George's Chapel; andshe saw a grandson who moved farther tothe west, where he became governor of anew state.Nam—This sketch is based upon records as

to dates, names (except the Quaker elders),localities, and major events; but descriptive de-tails as to customs, costumes, etc., while authen-tic as of the period, are not in all particulars his-torical as specifically connected with the char-acters named.—J. T. W.

A FLOWER GARDEN VIEW OF THE HOUSE

The Wedding of Two Log HousesROWENA R. FARRAR

YOU may have it too, and if so you willunderstand. For years I have been

afflicted with a delightful disease that I callhouse-itis. Nothing entertains me quite somuch as driving along through the coun-try, admiring lovely houses poised in statelyfashion on wooded estates or sprawledleisurely in happy valleys. I have an urgeto explore them from cellar to attic. I longto see for myself whether they are as charm-ing from the inside looking out as they arefrom the outside looking in.

I want to meet the people who live inthe most intriguing houses, to make surethey deserve their good fortune and appre-ciate what they have. It makes me actu-ally ill to find an old sour puss living inan exquisite setting. For houses are verysensitive. They have eyes, ears, a heartand a soul. Sometimes they sing for joy.Sometimes they weep bitter tears. Some-times they become so upset they have a

nervous breakdown. And as they growolder character lines develop that tell avivid story—if you have house-itis—at aglance. Some houses scowl all the time.Others are cursed with a smug look. Manysmile. And there are some that laugh outloud.You can imagine how intrigued I was

to learn recently that a charming friendof mine, who knows all there is to knowabout the art of gracious living as practicedin colonial days, had put two lovely oldlog houses together to create for herselfthe setting that she has dreamed of all herlife. So great was my attack of house-itis,so great was my desire to see that house,and my friend in it, that I threw my be-longings in a bag and started on a thou-sand-mile journey to visit her.The house is located on the highway

between Nashville and Gallatin, Tennessee.Its owner is Mary Felice Ferrell, famous

[29]


THE LIBRARY, PANELLED WITH OLD POPLAR. THE CARPET IS CHERRY RED. THE OWNER IS SEATED IN THE CHAIR

authority on Coloniana, a cross betweenScarlett and Melanee, who by some strangemagic marched right out of the gloriouspast into the neon-cellophane-automaticpresent and brought with her all that ismellow and lovely and rare.She received me—and the friends I had

picked up along the way—in a quaint silk-striped dress more than a hundred yearsold, with the traditional tight bodice andbillowing skirt. She made an unforget-table picture, standing in the doorway,slender and graceful and quaint, her browneyes shining, her hands extended in cordialwelcome.

After we had "oh'd" and "ah'd" all overthe place, she guided us into the library,which has a restful, mellow atmosphere,and plied us with delicious tea and cookieswhich she herself had made from her great-great-great-grandmother's unequalled rec-ipes. Then and there, at my urging, shetold us the story of her house.

First she bought the site of the last toll-gate in use in Sumner County, Tennessee,which contains three acres and affords a

gorgeous view of rolling hills, fertile val-leys and the winding Cumberland River.Then, by shrewd dickering, she purchasedtwo historic log houses, one 137 years oldand the other 94, built by early settlers ofSumner County. The houses were razedcarefully, each log and window and doorcarefully numbered, and hauled to the oldtollgate site.

Next she scoured the country looking fora very special old man to put them to-gether. He had to be very old to knowhow it was done years ago, and very spe-cial to take enough interest to do it well,because every beam had to go back in itsold groove. The first special old man shefound took to the bottle and delayed mat-ters for weeks. The second very specialold man she found did the job pains-takingly.The houses were combined cleverly to

preserve the original floor plans and at thesame time more or less crawl up the hill.This meant adding attractive and unex-pected little stairways which are a delightto the eye. The spacious entrance hall con-


A GUEST BEDROOM

tains a rare old cherry stairway of gracefulproportions which is one of the lovely fea-tures of the house. Two architects offeredher a fortune for the stairway, which shepromptly declined, notwithstanding the factthat cash would have come in handy at thispoint.

Another lovely feature is the poplar pan-eling, feather-edged, some pieces fully six-teen inches wide, which she used in thelibrary. Felice discovered this treasurein one of the houses, buried under sixteencoats of paper and one coat of plaster,which she scraped away herself with lovingbut trembling hands—trembling with ex-citement and pride and joy. While shewas engaged in this lowly, back-breakingtask her friends in Gallatin—her hometown—pleaded with her to let someone elsedo the hard work. The town policemanfinally drove out to stop her before shegave out completely. But she cast hermagic wand of enthusiasm over him, withthe result that he put down his gun andhis stick and went to work helping her!One of the houses was used during the

War Between the States as headquartersfor Union troops, and when the hardwoodfloors were taken up she found the names

[31]

of officers and men scratched into the wood.Andrew Jackson and Sam Houston werefrequent visitors in this house.The mantels and doors and fireplaces

are exquisite. The rooms are large andthe ceilings high. The walls are coveredwith original colonial wallpaper—whichshe dug up from heaven knows where—and the floors are spread with colorful oldcarpets.The house is charming in every way,

but the thing that elates me is that thehouse and its owner belong together. Theirpersonalities merge and blend and radiatebeauty and charm and grace. Felice hasnot only created for herself a lovely set-ting, but she has made a real contribution.She has brought to life the very best of agracious period and dovetailed it into thepresent. No shrine can give you the sameadventure into the past, for here life isbeing lived to the fullest right now.And the two old houses are so grateful

to their new mistress for their marriage andrejuvenation that they are trying to outdoeach other in living up to her highest ex-pectations. They are smiling at each otherand at her all day long.

THE LITTLE BROWN CHURCH IN BRADFORD, IOWA.

The Little Brown Church in the ValeJEANNETTE HEGEMAN

"There's a church in the valley by the wild-wood,

No lovelier place in the dale,No spot is so dear to my childhoodAs the 'Little Brown Church' in the vale."

ALMOST everyone is familiar with thatold song, but not everyone knows that

the church has stood in Bradford, Iowa, aghost town, since 1862. Made interna-tionally known by the hymn, The LittleBrown Church is the setting for many hun-dreds of weddings each year; and it is saidthat more than 50,000 tourists sign theregister there annually, making it one ofIowa's "must see" places.The small church stands beside a country

road not far from the town of Nashua, inthe northeastern part of the state. The pas-tor is the Rev. William Kent, a Congrega-tional minister of that place.A grove of beautiful trees still surrounds

the church, but it is not the wildwood oflong ago. That has given way to fields ofgrain. Here and there, not far from theedifice; are the sad remains of the vanishedtown of Bradford, once a thriving pioneersettlement. But the plain little church isquite unchanged. It is still painted brown,

just as it was when it was built. That wasthe color chosen because it was the cheapestpaint to be found.

Inside the building the old organ standswith the hymnal opened to the well-knownsong. Souvenir hunters have been at workeven in this house of worship.- Strange thattheir depredations should be felt here. Onfour keys where the ivory is missing, thesewords appear: "Thou Shalt Not Steal."The other furniture seems to be in goodcondition. That is true especially of thelovely old walnut table and chairs.

Dr. William S. Pitts, author of "TheChurch in the Wildwood," made this state-ment concerning the song not long beforehis death in 1918: "One afternoon in June,1857, I came by stagecoach from McGre-gor, Iowa, to the village of Bradford, nearNashua. My home then was in Wisconsin.The spot where The Little Brown Churchstands was then, as now, a place of rarebeauty. There was no church there thenbut the spot was there waiting for it. WhenI went back home I wrote that song andcomposed the music for it."

Eighty-five years ago the village of Brad-ford had about 800 inhabitants, all pioneers

[ 32]


in a new state. Strangely, when the railroadcame to Nashua, two miles away, Bradfordstarted to vanish. Business houses weremoved to nearby towns or torn down. Eventhe name of Bradford was given to anotherpostoffice, one in Butler County. Most ofthe settlers had come from New England,including the first minister, Rev. J. K. Nut-ting. Times were hard in the village, forthe minister reported his cash salary forthe year 1859 as four dollars. Vegetablesand other farm products made up the restof it. A few years later, the Civil War tookmany of the younger men; and still later thewar taxes made money still less plentiful.But in spite of all, Reverend Nutting urgedthe building of a church. Services con-ducted by the circuit rider and later by theminister, had been held wherever a placecould be found—sometimes in a home, othertimes in the schoolhouse, the hotel dining.room or a vacant store building.

Since no funds could be raised for build-ing the church, every man offered to dowhat he could in the way of manual labor,and the minister acted as architect. "Bees"were held for the cutting of the logs andsawing them into lumber; also for the quar-rying of stone, which was used by the vil-lage mason in laying the foundation. Someeastern friends of Reverend Nutting tookup a collection and supplied the funds forthe finishing lumber. This had to behauled overland for 80 miles by wagon.McGregor, Iowa, was the Mississippi Riverport for all of these inland towns, and itwas to this town that the men of Bradforddrove to get this lumber. But it was toDubuque, still further down the river, thatthey had to go to bring back their churchbell—also a gift of friends back east. Twolong years were spent in the building of thissmall church, a structure which was later tobecome one of the shrines of the MiddleWest.

It was in 1863 that Dr. Pitts, a belovedcountry doctor, moved to Iowa to make hispermanent home. He settled at Fredericks-burg, 20 miles from Bradford, and beganhis practice. Singing schools were hishobby and soon he was in charge of severalin the surrounding territory.

Early in 1864 the singing school beganto hold its sessions in the new church atBradford, although it was far from finished.

There were no seats other than improvisedbenches. One evening Dr. Pitts brought themanuscript of "The Little Brown Church"with him and sang it to his class, thus givingthe song its first public rendition in thechurch that it was destined to make famous.The following spring the author took hisscript to H. M. Higgins on Randolph St.,Chicago, and sold it to him. The dedica-tion of the church (December 29, 1864)preceded the publication of the song byonly a few months. In Dr. Pitts' words:"It at once became immensely popular andspread itself over the world like a benedic-tion from on high."

Church services are conducted in the littlechurch every Sunday afternoon, and in thesummer the shady churchyard is crowdedwith the overflow from the edifice. Visitorsthere, regardless of the hour of the day,are likely to be present at a wedding. Mr.Kent has been referred to as "The Marryin'Parson" since his church has become themecca of marrying couples, not only fromIowa but from far distant points. Last yearthey represented seventeen states; and onebridegroom came all the way from Hono-lulu. Last Thanksgiving Day, nineteenweddings took place at the little church;and in June—the record-breaking month—there were 156. No wonder the small squareof green carpet before the pulpit, where somany thousands have stood to pronouncetheir vows, was worn out and has had to bereplaced twice.Some brides at The Little Brown Church

ring their own wedding bells. As the coupleis leaving, the bride pulls the bell rope first;then the groom tugs at it and then both do.Tradition says that the longer the briderings, the longer will her happiness be.While there are no available statistics toprove the assertion, Mr. Kent says he be-lieves there are few divorces among thosemarried at this church.The streets of old Bradford have given

way to country roads, and the yards andgardens have been replaced by fields ofgrain. Yet, each year sees more and morevisitors to the site of this northern Iowavillage. They seem to be heeding the callof that refrain: "Oh come, come, come,come—Come to the church in the wildwood—Come to the church in the vale."

7ite Sritit a the and— madeXII. Mary Dunlap's Recipes

SUSAN MORTON

WHILE her father, John Dunlap, thePhiladelphia printer, was busy with

his flourishing newspaper, his daughterMary, under the efficient tutelage of hermother, was learning the arts of the house-wife, and compiling a recipe book, pains-takingly written with the flourishes thatcharacterized the penmanship of nearly acentury and a half ago.

It is interesting to think that during thetime that the little printing shop of JohnDunlap and his apprentice, David Clay-poole (who later became his partner) , werebusy getting out the famous Packet and the

[ 34

broadsides that carried the eagerly awaitednews of the day, that his wife was herselfsupervising the preparation of the bodilyfuel for her patriot husband, perhaps thesevery dishes that later her daughter was toperpetuate in this little, well-thumbed, calf-bound book.John Dunlap, whose family emigrated

here from County Tyrone, in Ireland, in1747, was an ardent partisan of the Colo-nists. He was captain of the First Troop.Philadelphia Cavalry, which was organizedin 1774. And it was he who, together withhis apprentice, Claypoole, were the first to


spell out and set up that momentous docu-ment, The Declaration Of Independence, theday before it had been publicly read, andlater chosen for the signal honor of printingthe Constitution of The United States, in1787, and Washington's Farewell Addressin 1796.The following inscription was placed on

the site of the Printing Shop in 1928."On this site was first printed the Decla-

ration of Independence, July 5th, 1776, TheConstitution of the United States, Sept. 19th,1787, Washington's Farewell Address, Sept.19th, 1796, and the first daily newspaperin America, Sept. 21st, 1784, In the PrintShop of Dunlap and Claypoole, Soldiers ofthe Revolution."

Their printing business prosperedgreatly, and he was also an astute businessman, for at his death in 1812, he ownedlarge tracts of land in Virginia and Ken-tucky, much Philadelphia property, besideshis sumptuous home at 12th and MarketStreets. It was the large stable here that hegenerously turned over as an emergencyhospital during the yellow fever epidemicin 1797.The diaries that Mary Dunlap (who mar-

ried Samuel Blight) kept assiduously overa period of forty years, reveal the skill shehad acquired in the culinary arts, and theimportant part that food and its prepara-tion played in the every-day life of theperiod.Such entries as "today we had the first

cherries, we ate them with loaf sugar,pounded very fine." "Sukey has at lastlearned to make a cherry pye." "I havebeen to Independence Square this morningand stopped at the Cake Shop for a Ginger-bread—the family very kindly said thatmine was better."Among the recipes contained in her cook

book are also the carefully worked out tablesfor roasting and boiling such as "three ribsof beef, a pig, a goose, a turkey," andpartridges; also much attention is given tothe proper degrees of heat, whether thecooking was to be done on the hearth or inthe Dutch Oven. Later, in one of her diaries,she tells of the excitement occasioned at theinnovation of a stove, and adds that "theservants do not like it."There is a recipe for potato yeast and

much care is expressed in the cooking for

the sick, wine and whey, and chicken brothand barley water, being a few of the recom-mended foods for the invalid.The following Wedding Cake must surely

have been mixed in the big wooden breadtroughs, and would serve a goodly gather-ing.

WEDDING CAKE

10 pounds of flower10 pounds of sugar—pounded fine

10 pounds of currants8 pounds of butter

1 gill of brandy1 gill of wine

FROSTING.2 pounds of loaf sugar

2 oz. of mace ozs. gum arabic2 nutmegs 2 oz. starch70 eggs. whites of nine eggs.

In contrast to the wedding cake, Quakercake is very simple and inexpensive.

QUAKER CAKE

5 cups flower 1 cup butter, spice to4 eggs your taste, 1 gill3 cups sugar brandy1 cup cream

"TO MAKE PEPPER POT"

Take two calf's chitterlings, wash themvery clean. Boil them in about a gallon ofwater, when tender, take them out and cutthem as small as you can, then put them inthe same water again, add eight potatoes,cut small, a few dumplings, two onions cutsmall, a quantity of dry thyme and parsleysalt to your taste, and as much cayennepepper as you can stand. Let this stewslowly for three hours, do not boil over thefire, but stew over the coals.

* * *Dry pea soup must have been a favorite

dish with the family, as she mentions itrepeatedly in her records.

DRY PEASE SOUP

Take a quart of dry peas, soak them insoft water all night, Stew a knuckle of vealin half a gallon of water, and boil a smallpeice of pickeled pork in a seperate pot, ifyou do not boil it in a seperate pot yoursoup will be very salt.

Let the pease and veal boil together andadd a Turnip, cut up, a teaspoonful of driedmint and one onion, cut small, also salt andpepper to your taste.About half an hour before you send it to

the table, add the pork to it, first cutting itin very small peices, then let your soupstew slowly.

08777.4 244e.c.,

0;1

I/4

444 . ditz

4 64- Arritr._ ,14.40—ere. 4...;ra

_

eY4 /0.47.

r4tte.

elrr.aktri. rforrrac.t.r

e

"AN OISTER SOUP

To one hundred oisters take one quart ofwater and the liquor that comes from theoisters, strain, Season it with a little nutmeg,salt, pepper, and a large spoon of gratedhorseradish. Thicken with flour rolled inthe same amount of butter until smooth.It requires very little boiling.

"A PLUMB PUDDING

Take half a pound of solid beef suet,chopped fine, a loaf of stale bread, crumbedfine, half a pound of brown sugar, half apound of currants, washed and dried, eighteggs, a little cinnamon, and nutmeg. Scaldand flower a cloth, tie the pudding up tightand boil it two hours. For a sauce, Servewith drawn butter, sugar, nutmeg and wine."

* * *

"TO MAKE TEA BISCUIT

Take three pounds of flower, and mixwith it half a pound of butter as you would


6et4K. .1,1. di

44'044 .01Z- 44. 4se

.... ife., 'Zit-A.17pr,

;., c...'L

* //,-1„e ..,:..,-. ele/.‘,..";

//, ....0 HY Wit......, 411, r A e, o f 4,„_, ig. A,,,,4,,,L ..,:,,.,,,,„ ,,,,,,,,,,,.., _7 /..ete..._ 14,,,c,--- 4„, „,e eve a-e-

ater, AL-0.r... A itig,./.

•

r"erer

44,4

77. Jr," .

for pie crust. Then pour into it a pint ofmilk that is a little warm and a tea cup ofyeast. Let them sponge for one hour thenmix them up and let them rise an hour, Rollthem out and cut into large biscuits andstick them on the top with a fork, Bake themin a tin or in the Dutch oven. You can adda little salt if the butter is not very salt."

TO MAKE JOHNNY CAKES

Take some Indian meal, a little salt, asmall peice of butter, size of an egg, wet itwith warm water and work it very well to-gether. Then spread it on a hickory board,such as comes off the top of a barrel. Wetthe board and spread the cake on it. Standit before the fire as you would for toste.When it is done, split it open and butter ithot. * * *

"A CHICKEN PIE

Cut up a pair of young chickens, washthem clean and drain them through a cul-


lender. Put a paste in the bottom of yourdish, then put in the chickens with a fewslices of ham, cut thin, season with blackpepper and salt and few bits of thyme. dustflower over them and pour over it two tea-cups of water cover with a good paste, Bakeone hour.

* * *

"GREEN APPLE PIE

Wash and coar a quarter of a peck ofnew green apples, It is not necessary topare them. Put them in an earthen basinwith about a teacup of water to preventthem from burning Let them stew oversome good coals until they are soft, thentake them up to cool, Sweeten them to yourtaste with some loaf sugar and grate the

rind of a lemmon, and two large spoons ofrosewater. Bake them in a good paste.

* * *

Among the various recipes for the morecommonplace foods are those for mincepies, Naples biscuit, pickling red cabbage,and cucumbers, curing beef and pork anddetails for caring for utensils. Of the latter,she writes."All tubs must be clean and sweet before

you put in your meat or whatever you wantto keep. It is of material consequence toattend particularly to the sweetness of alluntensils that you use. If you neglect thisit is very likely to taint your meat, or injurethe taste of whatever food you have inthem."

A

0

MARY ELIZABETH SASNETTE LITTLE

As this month's "Distinguished Daguerreotype" we have chosen one that seems doublyappropriate for June: Mary Elizabeth Sasnette Little, whom it represents, was an

early student at Wesleyan College for Women at Macon, Georgia, the first incorpo-

rated college to give diplomas to women; and she is depicted in the "second day dress"

which was part of her trousseau. The daguerreotype is now in the possession of Mrs.

John F. Little, a member of the Potomac Chapter, N.S.D.A.R., of Washington, D. C.

MARGARET CURTIS MCKAY

Illustrations by Mary Eleanor Browning

(Conclusion)

DABLO made no answer for a moment."T—Taos!" he stuttered at last. "La

senorita go—Taos?""Yes—help me to mount, please," she

said peremptorily.Pablo obeyed, still stupefied with amaze-

ment."You know the road to Taos, don't you?""Si, Senorita.""Well, something has happened to Ben,

el Americano. We must find Kit Carson.He is the only person who can help.Hurry!"Pablo mounted submissively. It was not

for him to question the pale senorita. Hadhe not always heard that los Americanoswere queer—always rushing about fromone thing to another? There could be nodoubt of it now. A senorita riding astridea horse like a man and going to Taos atnight in the midst of a storm! Why, it wasa good two hours of hard riding in the best

of weather! Of course, Don Ben was hersweetheart and she feared harm had cometo him—as no doubt it had! But even so—he shrugged his shoulders. Well, he mustgive his whole mind to keeping to the Taosroad. He hoped the storm had not washedit out in too many places.

Maria had recovered enough from herfright to realize Anne's intention. Seizingthe girl's dress she cried imploringly,"Senorita, you will kill yourself! I prayyou, come home now—let Pablo go alone!""Let go, Maria!" replied Anne. "Come,

Pablo! Lead the way!"The town was soon behind them. Anne,

leaning low over Jezebel's rough mane, feltas if all the forees of nature were trying tohold her back. The innumerable, fine fingersof the rain struck her stingingly in the face.The wind strove to restrain her, tugging ather loosened hair. The very darkness,illumined intermittently by quivering, violet

[ 38 1

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 39]

light, opposed her. It pushed against heraching eyeballs and blinded her as shestrained to follow the ever vanishing figureof Pablo ahead.

Their horses were already tired and theway led up hill. The sandy road, washedinto gullies, made the going precarious. ToAnne's agonized impatience they seemedscarcely to make any progress at all, cleav-ing the darkness like spent swimmers buf-feted by the surf. And somewhere in thewild night was Ben. If he still lived

Finally the storm abated. The thunderrumbled more and more distantly in thehills. The lilac flashes of the lightningcame less often and through the flying rackoverhead stars began to glitter. Near thetop of a long hill a pine tree, blown downby the wind, lay across the road. Pablodismounted and fumbled about on foot,trying to discover the best way to get aroundthe obstruction. Straightening her achingback Anne peered about in the dimness.The tree appeared to be a large one, stretch-ing from one side of the road to the other.The wind had died down and the only soundwas the soft shuffle of Pablo's feet as heworked his way around the fallen tree.From the upturned roots came the rich,earthy smell of wet mold. Jezebel movedrestlessly. Anne patted the horse's stream-ing neck and spoke soothingly."There! There! Jezebel!" she said.

Suddenly a sound broke the stillness. Anne'sbreath stopped in her throat. She sat rigid.It came again—a low moan.

This time Pablo heard it, too, and ranup to Anne excitedly."Senorita! Allci, debajo—there, beneath

the tree is someone!"Anne swung herself down from her horse.

The groaning grew louder and guided herand Pablo as they fought their way throughthe stiff, wet boughs. They stripped awaythe smaller branches and at last a flickeringflash from the retreating storm revealed theprostrate form of a man held fast by a limbof the fallen tree.Pablo tugged at the heavy bough. "Seno-

rita!" he began. But he did not need to tellAnne what to do. In an instant she haddragged the injured man clear of the limb.Pablo bent over him speaking rapidly inSpanish. Anne, who for one wild momenthad thought this might be Ben, felt a sharp-

ness of disappointment that seemed toopainful to be borne."It is Don Fernando, Senorita," ex-

claimed Pablo, "and he say el Americanais

97

Anne heard no more. For in a suddenflash of lightning she had caught sight ofanother prostrate form pinioned beneaththe tree. With a low cry she sprang for-ward. Together she and Pablo strainedtheir utmost to lift the heavy weight thatheld Ben fast. The best they could do wasto move his inert body a few inches outfrom under the bough. At least his chestwas free! In an agony of fear Anne kneltdown and laid her ear softly against Ben'sheart. Ah—God be forever praised! Hestill lived!She raised her head and exultation was

in her voice as she cried, "Pablo—you rideback—and bring help at once—do youhear?""Si, Senorita! I go!" replied Pablo.

He made Jezebel fast to one of the fallenbranches and sprang upon the other horse."Oh, be quick, Pablo!" called Anne.

Then she turned again to the still formbeside her. The sky was clearing fast andin the faint light of the emerging stars shecould see the outline of Ben's face—thesharp, clean line of chin and forehead.Brushing back his hair she bent over andlaid her lips upon his brow, murmuring aprayer. Softly she took up the limp hand,then started back in horror. It was wetwith blood. Gently rolling away the torn,damp sleeve of his shirt she sought thesource of the bleeding. There it was—adark gash in the white flesh above the elbow.Blood still oozed from it. Quickly tearinga long strip from her petticoat she bound ittightly around the arm above the wound.And presently the dark trickle ceased. Butshe could not lift the weight of the crush-ing bough from the pinioned legs.Would help never come? Where was

Pablo now—how far had he got? How farwould he have to go? She could come tono conclusion about the distance she nowwas from Santa Fe. The ride through thestorm seemed to have taken many hours.Or did it seem so long only because of heranxiety for Ben and her ardent desire toreach Taos? Perhaps they were nearerTaos than Santa Fe! In that case Pablo

[40]

should have gone on instead of riding backthe way they had come! This thought wastorture. She must not dwell on it. Rathershe should pray and trust in the goodnessof God. The good Bishop had said faithwas trust in God's goodness! Surely Godwould not take Ben from her! She hadalready lost so many who were dear to her!The young Don continued to groan. But

even this was better than silence. If onlyBen would make a sound—any sound!Fearfully she listened again at his breast.Did she imagine it, or was the heartbeat alittle more strong? Very gently she liftedhis head from the rough ground and heldit on her lap. She kept one hand pressedsoftly over his heart as if by so doing shecould impart some of her own strength toits faint throbbing.The sky was clear now and luminous with

stars. All the tiny wood creatures that re-joice in summer rains lifted up their voicesin shrill clamor. Anne sat motionless, herlap cradling Ben's head, her hand warminghis feebly beating heart. A dozen timesshe thought she heard the approach of hoofbeats, only to have the sound prove to be thehammering of her own pulses.At last, as she had begun to feel sure

some disaster had overtaken Pablo, cameunmistakable sounds of approaching rescu-ers. Presently they emerged from theshadows, a score or more of riders. It wasa matter of only a few minutes to raise theheavy limb and lift Ben's limp body to astretcher. The young Don had now re-gained consciousness. He gave a brokenaccount of the accident. His father, DonPedro, a soldierly figure in the dim light,saw that his son and the American weremade as comfortable as possible for thejourney back. Then he approached Anne."I have you to thank, Senorita," he said

in somewhat labored English, "that I findmy son. Pablo has acquainted me with thefacts. It is to be regretted that my son andthe young American quarreled. The youngAmerican is badly hurt. He will receivethe best of treatment at my house.""Oh—no!" exclaimed Anne. The thought

that these terrible Bonillas had Ben in theirpower was dreadful to her."My son wishes it," explained the old

Don. "He says the young man saved hislife. They met in the storm and while they


engaged in a duel, the tree under which theyfought was blown down. The Americansaw that it was about to fall on my son andrushed forward to push him out of its path.In doing so he himself was caught in amuch more serious way. He shall receiveevery care at our hands. And now, Seno-rita, allow me!"With stately politeness he helped her to

mount Jezebel. "You and I will hasten onahead," he said. "Senora Ramirez must begreatly concerned about you."Anne yearned to keep close to Ben and

looked longingly back to the place wheretwo horsemen were preparing to carry himon a stretcher slung between their horses.Don Pedro read her anxious thoughts andtried to reassure her."You may trust me, Senorita. He shall

have every care."

For weeks Ben's life hung by a thread.He was bruised about the head and besidesbreaking both legs the heavy bough thathad pinioned him to the ground had brokenseveral ribs. The loss of blood from theknife wound on his arm had so weakenedhim that he had no power of recuperationleft. Day after day went by and still helay inert, unconscious, the only sign of lifethe faint pulse that seemed always on theverge of ceasing altogether. Then conges-tion of the lungs set in and his fever rose.To Anne the days had the nightmarish

quality that pervades dreams in which oneis forever striving for a goal just out ofreach. "If I could only see him!" shethought. "Only be with him!" But SenoraRamirez was horrified at the idea."Young girls do not visit young men, my

dear," she said. "Of course, if you werebetrothed to him and everyone knew of theengagement, a visit now and then properlychaperoned would not be amiss. But underthe circumstances it wouldn't do at all! Be-sides," she added, "he would not know you.They say he has never regained conscious-ness.5,

She spoke with abstraction, her mind onthe breadth of blue velvet she was measur-ing. Another caravan from the States hadlately come to town and she had just boughta quantity of material for her winter ward-robe.


"I think," she continued, "that the velvetshould have a train—should you say aboutsix inches?"Anne did not answer. She sat on a low

stool, her needlework lying idly in her lap,her unseeing eyes fixed on the billowingfolds of rich velvet Senora Ramirez held upbefore her."Come my dear!" said Senora Ramirez

impatiently, "you are far too self-centered.You should try to take an interest in mattersabout you. After all, Ben is getting the bestof care in the finest house in town. I onlyhope he will appreciate that, if—if—there,Child! Don't cry! I don't mean to be un-kind. But really you should pull yourselftogether! You will go into a decline if youaren't careful. It is not seemly for a younggirl to show her feelings so plainly.""If only they would let me see him!"

murmured Anne."Tut, Child! What good would that do?

You wear yourself out with prayers—thewhole household is burning candles to allthe santos—Mr. Carson brings that famousdoctor from Taos—and only last Sundayyou said the Bishop (if he is a bishop!)asked for the congregation's prayers!Though, of course, that would mean onlyprayers of Indians and poor people. But Iunderstand that prayers are also being saidin the Bonilla's private chapel! What morecould you possibly ask, my dear? Come—help me measure off this piece!"Anne obediently stood up and held the

velvet folds against Dona Isabel's shoulders."Maria!" called Dona Isabel, surveying

herself complacently in the tilted mirror,"bring the shears!"The cutting and fitting went on in the

quiet room while outside in the Plaza agreat throng was gathering to celebrate theancient fiesta of Santa Fe. Every Septem-ber for more than two hundred years thetownspeople had given a pageant enactingthe recapture of the city from the Indiansby Captain-General Diego de Vargas in1692. The country people streamed in onfoot and by wagon from the surroundinghillsides and remote mountain valleys tosee the ancient banners of old Castile flaunttheir scarlet and gold once more before theRoyal Palace. Indians, swarthy Mexicanpeons, arrieros, cowboys, highbred SpanishDons, weather-beaten frontiersmen from

[41]

the States blue-coated soldiers from Ft.Marcy, all rubbed shoulders in the Plazain anticipation of the pageant. The UnitedStates Hotel and the gambling halls werejammed with a holiday crowd bent ondrinking as much aguardiente and whiskyas possible and winning as much by rou-lette and monte as Fate would permit.

Senora Ramirez did not stir abroad thatday. But she had given permission toManuel to attend the pageant with Pablo.And now in a fresh white blouse and scarletand green velvet suit Manuel burst into theroom."I shall tell you all about it, Anne," he

said, going up to the girl and squeezing herhand, "everything even to the color of thehorses."Anne put her arm about the boy's thin

shoulders and drew him close for a moment."I shall want to hear all about it, so be

sure to fill your mind with pictures you candescribe!""I will! Good-bye, Anne! Hasta 14 vista

Mamecita!" he called as he dashed out ofthe room.From time to time, as the hours passed,

the booming of cannon and shouts of thecrowd penetrated the thick walls of thecasa. Whenever this happened Dona Isabellooked up from her sewing and launchedforth on reminiscences."When my husband was living," she re-

marked once, "we always attended the fiesta.We went to church the night before and evencarried tapers in the procession. Then forthe pageant next day we always had seatsnear the Governor in the Plaza. But now Icare nothing about going. I do not care toencounter so much drunkenness without theprotection of a husband. This year with acaravan just arrived it will be worse thanever!" She sewed awhile in silence."But," she continued presently, "I always

attend the Conquistadores' Ball. Don PedroBonilla says no baile is official without me!Of course, that is just his gallantry.Though," she added with no apparentrelevancy, "his own wife is a roly-poly littlething—no dignity at all!"

Finally, Anne could stand her compla-cency no longer. "I wonder if Maria hasreturned," she said, jumping up. Everyday Maria went to the Casa Bonilla to getthe latest news of Ben. Until she returned


Anne knew no repose of either mind orbody.The patio was deserted except for Diablo,

who sat motionless on his perch, a stuffedimage of a parrot, his feathers brilliant inthe blazing September sun, his shoebuttoneyes fixed and glassy. Strings of ripeningchile hung in festoons from the roof andwalls of the kitchen end of the court. Nota leaf stirred. The sky was like burnishedmetal, too bright to the eye. Yet the heatwas not oppressive. Anne paused andlifted up her face, eyes closed, feeling thewarmth like wine in her veins. If only Bencould feel it thus and be healed!The crackle of gun shots and the booming

of cannon, followed by wild huzzahs, camefrom the mock battle in the Public Square.Anne hastened to Maria's room. The littleold woman had not yet returned. All theother servants had gone to the fiesta. Shestarted back across the court, glancing aboutin search of Rosette. But the little cat wasevidently about some business of her ownand was not to be found. It must be pastnoon. Surely Maria would return soon!The street door opened and Manuel burst

in followed by Bishop Lamy."Mamma!" called the boy. "I've brought

a visitor!"Seriora Ramirez welcomed the bishop

with an odd mixture of cordiality and con-descension. Her manner was designed tosuit either eventuality—cordial enough fora real bishop, should he prove to be one, yetwith a touch of reserve should he proveto be an imposter.

Manuel drew Anne down to the benchbeside him."I wish you had seen the pageant, Anne!"

he exclaimed. "But see—I not only can tellyou all about it but I drew a picture of DeVargas for you! Oh, he was splendid! Herode a white horse with a silver saddle andhe planted the cross and the royal banner ofSpain in front of the Palace of the Gover-nors.),

He unfolded a sheet of paper. "See—Isketched it for you." With a heavy blackpencil he had drawn the outline of a manin helmet and armor who sat erect upon ahorse, bearing aloft a banner that streamedaway behind him. It was crudely drawnbut the line of brow, nose and fiercemustache had a strength and lifelikeness

that was arresting. The horse's head andflowing mane also had a certain force andreality that made Anne exclaim, "Manuel—did you do this? How well you draw!""Oh, but this is nothing!" replied Manuel.

"If I had paints I could show you the colorof the banners and the wonderful blue, bro-cade satin coat of the Alcalde when he readthe edict! And the Indians in their warpaint!" He stopped, a far away look in hisshining eyes.

Bishop Lamy who had been chatting withSenora Ramirez, turned now and regardedManuel with grave attention.Anne handed the Bishop the drawing.

"Don't you think it is good?" she asked.Bishop Lamy studied the drawing a mo-

ment before replying. Finally he said, "Ithink it is excellent. Have you othersketches?"

Manuel went to a small table and drewseveral sheets of paper from underneatha pile of school books. "Here is a pictureI drew of Diablo," he said, "and here isJosefina scolding one of her children—herface was so funny!""He would rather draw than learn his

lessons," remarked Senora Ramirez. "Theyoung man who tutors him gets out ofpatience sometimes.""He promised to bring me some oil

paints!" cried Manuel. "He will be herenext month and my lessons will beginagain!""But," observed Seriora Ramirez, "you

can use the paints only after you havelearned your lessons—don't forget that!""It looks to me," said the Bishop in his

deep, pleasant voice, "as if the boy has arare gift!" He rose to take his departure.Pausing beside Manuel he said softly, "cul-tivate your gift, my son, and use it alwaysfor the good of mankind and the glory ofGod.""Oh—Father!" cried Manuel in deep ex-

citement, "do you think I shall ever be a—a—great painter?""Perhaps—who knows?" answered the

Bishop. 'Paint always what you see withall the force and truth within you—neverforgetting to transfigure it with the light ofyour own spirit." He smiled at the boy'sflushed face."A great painter doesn't need to have a

straight back, does he?" cried Manuel.


"No, Manuel, he does not. A greatpainter has need of the love of truth, aneye to penetrate to the heart of things andthe patience to cultivate the gift of his hand.

[43]

And where there are thousands of straightbacks there is only one artist's eye andhand! Be thankful for the gift God hasgiven you and envy no one!"

[ 44 ]

For a long time after the Bishop had left,Manuel sat staring straight ahead of himwith eyes that saw beyond the narrow con-fines of the thick-walled room into a glow-ing future wherein a crooked back was nohandicap. The discontent and fretfulnessthat so often marred the expression of hispale, thin face was gone. His great darkeyes held a new fire and his small, droopingmouth straightened into a firm line. Adream took root in the boy's soul that day,and began to grow toward fruition.

"Maria! I thought you would nevercome!" cried Anne, who had been pacingup and down in the waning daylight of thepatio. "Tell me—how is he?'Maria, who had just entered from the

street, seized Anne by the arm. The blackeyes in the wrinkled, old face shone withintense excitement."Come!" she said mysteriously, "quick—

before it goes!" She drew Anne after herto a spot in the patio from which one couldsee the western sky. There in the de( ), twi-light blue hung the paper-thin cres, Int ofthe new moon, bright as a shaving of silver.

Maria thrust a coin into Anne's hand."Quick, Senorita—make a wish—quick—wish—wish!""Ah, Maria! What foolishness is this?

You know my dearest wish—Our Ladyknows it—the good God himself knows it!Tell me—how is he?""Wish, Senorita! What one wishes hold-

ing money and looking at the new mooncomes to pass!"So Anne obediently wished, and watched

the bright arc sink behind the roof of thecasa."Now, tell me what you have heard!"

she urged.Maria shook her head."The fever is bad," she said. "Tonight

one will know will he live or—not live.The medico has said he fears ." Hervoice trailed into silence as she noticedAnne's anguished face.

Senora Ramirez had approached themand overheard Maria's last statement.

"It is the crisis of the fever, no doubt,"she said, taking Anne's hand and gentlypatting it. "There, my dear, you must keepup your courage. Every fever must run itscourse."


"If I could only go to him!" cried Annewildly."That is out of the question, of course,"

replied Senora Ramirez. "You have alreadymade yourself too conspicuous by that wildride in the storm. But Maria must go overto inquire the very first thing tomorrow.""And tonight, at midnight," said Maria

softly, "I light a candle before Our Lady,because only a miracle can save him now."Anne did not answer. Suddenly she

wanted to be alone. When Manuel followedher to her room for his nightly talk withher before going to bed she sent him away."Not tonight, Manuel," she said gently.

"I want to be by myself.""If I were a man," said the boy, "I'd

make them let you go to him."He went away and she closed the door of

her room. For a long time she knelt in thedarkness, alone with the crude, woodenimages of Mary and Joseph, and her ownthoughts. As the hours went by herthoughts resolved themselves into a grow-ing determination. She would go to Ben.Nobody should stop her! She must seehim! He needed her!

Rising swiftly she caught up a dark cloakand wrapped it round her. She did notknow what time it was, but the householdwas quiet. When she opened her door andslipped into the patio faint sounds ofrevelry came from the Plaza. The fiestawas not yet over. Should she wake Maria?For a moment she hesitated. The oldwoman might object to accompanying her,might even arouse Senora Ramirez, whowould indeed oppose Anne's determination.It would be better to go alone. Glidingswiftly across the court she had reached theouter door when a sound caused her toturn. There was Maria, her face in thedimness, peering ghostlike from the darkfolds of her rebozo."Sh—sh!" she whispered. "I attend la

senorita! My old bones—they tell me lasenorita will go to her sweetheart. Do Inot know the heart of youth?" She spokein Spanish but Anne understood. Togetherthey sped along the dark streets.The puerta of the Casa Bonilla was

opened to them by a sleepy Indian slavewho grunted in amazement at Maria's re-quest and seemed disposed to dispute their


entrance. But Anne pushed past him.Maria caught her arm."Shall I find out for you where the young

man is?" she asked.The girl made no reply. With head held

high and with unfaltering step she crossedthe unfamiliar patio and as if led by anunseen hand entered a door which stoodslightly ajar.She found herself in a large room lighted

by candles set in sconces near the high bed.Several persons stood about, one of thema priest. Anne took no notice of any ofthem. Indeed she was scarcely aware oftheir presence. For on the bed lay Ben.His head moved restlessly while throughhis fever-swollen lips the breath came andwent in short, faint gasps. His eyes glit-tered between half-closed lids. A brightflush stained his drawn and hollow cheeks.On the bedside stand was a silver ewer of

water. Anne dipped her hand into it andmoistened Ben's lips. She laid cool fingerson the hot brow. Then, moved by somedeep instinct, she leaned over the emaciatedform and gathered together all the forcesof her spirit. Silently, wordlessly, in amighty outpouring of prayer she invokedthat vast and mystic Power immanent inthe Universe. All the strength of her beinggushed forth in this silent prayer for life.She did not see the priest bow his head

and cross himself. She did not see the doc-tor approach to bend over the bed and feelthe pulse, his eye alert to every change inthe face of the patient. She was aware ofnothing except her own deep yearning anda swelling sense of triumph. The soundof the sharp-drawn, gasping breath diedaway. The restless tossing of the headceased and Ben lay still. The flush fadedfrom his face, leaving it pallid. His browbeneath her hand gradually grew cool andmoist. Anne, bending down, saw that hiseyes were fast closed as if in sleep. Nearerstill she leaned until upon her cheek shefelt his breath—faint, but smooth and regu-lar now. And even as she hovered overhim it grew stronger.A voice broke the awed silence of the

room. It was the doctor speaking."The fever is broken," he said quietly,

"the young man will live!""This night," said the priest in a hushed

and solemn tone, "have I beheld a miracle!"

The heat of the passing summer had spentitself. At the ancestral ranch of the Ra-mirez family, tucked away in a fold of thehills, the corn had been gathered andhusked and the choice kernels ground intomeal on the slate-blue blocks of pumice.The wheat had been threshed in the age-old fashion by the hoofs of sheep and goatson a circular plot of hard-packed mud. Ithad then been winnowed in the wind, andcarried on the backs of burros to the millfor grinding. In the dark, low storeroomswere bags of sun-dried apricots, peaches,plums and apples. Heaped about in untidypiles lay melons and squash and great, yel-low pumpkins. Bright ristras of chile cov-ered whole walls with a curtain of crimson.Yet despite these tokens of autumn plenty,the ranch had an air of disorder and decay.The adobe walls of the house were crum-bling and the yard underfoot was every-where befouled with chicken droppings.Dona Isabel, having ridden out from

town early in the day, stood now in theouter court ready to depart after her tourof inspection. She carried a small blacklace sunshade as protection against the stillnearly vertical rays of the sun. PedroGarcia, who managed the ranch, stood be-fore her, respectfully bareheaded, twirlinghis wide hat round and round one brown,work-hardened hand. A shock of blackhair fell over his forehead into his eyes.This, with his heavy black mustache, gavehim the look of a patient sheep dog."Si Senora," he said humbly to her every

suggestion or command. "Si Senora!'Yet all the while his inscrutable black eyesseemed to be faintly mocking her.She sighed impatiently, knowing that as

soon as she was back at the casa in townhe would go his own sweet way without ashadow of regard for her criticisms and sug-gestions. He would muddle through withthe routine of the planting and harvest, thecare of the flocks and herds, as he had doneevery year since her husband's death. Howdifferent it had been when Senor Ramirezwas alive! Again Dona Isabel sighedheavily.Manuel appeared suddenly from behind

the shearing-shed, followed by Anne andBen. It had been Manuel's suggestion thatthey invite Ben and make a picnic of theinspection tour of the rancho in the hills.

[ 46 ]

So they had eaten their lunch from a basket,sitting in the orchard beyond the ranchhouse. Pedro's slatternly wife had broughtthem fresh bread still warm from the out-door oven and crisp tortillas dripping withsyrup.

Senora Ramirez had so far relented to-ward Ben as to tolerate his presence. Thefact that he had been received by thewealthy and powerful Bonilla family andwas even yet staying with them, went far to-ward softening Doria Isabel's prejudiceagainst the young man. Now that he had re-covered from his illness enough to get about,Ben spent part of every day at the CasaRamirez with Anne. Since this was in utterdefiance of the native custom Senora Rami-rez was at first reluctant to allow him thisfreedom."When in Rome one should do as the

Romans do!" she had told Ben in expostula-tion when as soon as he was able he hadhobbled to the door of the casa, asking tosee Anne. But one look at the expressionof his face caused her to add hastily, "butof course if the Bonillas understand that inthe States among Americans it is consideredquite proper for a young man to call uponhis fiancee—why, then—you—are welcome,I'm sure!" Thus she had saved her dignity.So every day Ben and Anne had sat in

the mellow autumn sunshine of the patioand talked of the days to come. Dona Isa-bel recalled a conversation she had over-heard."As soon as I can stand alone without a

crutch," Ben had said, catching Anne'shand and pressing it to his lips. Dona Isa-bel sighed gently at the memory of the lookin the boy's eyes."When the Reeves get back from Chihua-

hua!" Anne had added."Must we wait for that?" Thus, Ben

squaring his thin shoulders indignantly."And when the Bishop gets back from

Durango!" This from Anne."Wait! Wait! Wait!" Ben had growled

in mock anger. "But I warn you—the min-ute I can throw my crutches away I shallpick you up and ride to the nearest min-ister, Reeves or no Reeves—Bishop or noBishop!"Senora Ramirez bridled with the impor-

tance of playing chaperon to the youngcouple in whom, since Ben's remarkable


recovery, the whole town was interested.They would make a handsome pair.This thought occurred to her again as

she watched the two following Manuelacross the littered yard in the bright Octobersunshine. Ben was still thin from his illnessand he still walked with crutches. But thedays spent in the open had given him ahealthy tan and his clear eyes had regainedthe sparkle of health. As for Anne, therewas about her a subtle change. No longerdid she suggest a pallid statue. Her man-ner had gained warmth and decision.

Manuel raced ahead of them, waving asheet of paper."I made a drawing of the old ram!" he

cried to his mother.Dona Isabel dismissed Pedro and turned

to her son."Good!" she exclaimed. "You have

made him look very fierce." Then sheadded, "run and tell Pablo to bring thecoach around. We will go home now.""Never," remarked Ben a little later as

the carriage wound down through the can-yon, "have I seen such color! Back homein Philadelphia they wouldn't believe it!Manuel, you should make it your life's workto get it down on canvas to startle theworld!"Mountain, desert and mesa were aflame

with tawny colors streaked with every shadeof red and purple. In all the glowing land-scape the only sober hue was the dark ever-green of cedar, spruce or pine on the moun-tain slopes. And even these were bandedabout and shot through with the quiveringgold of the aspens.As the carriage wound along it passed

crowds of pinon pickers—whole families ofnatives, from the white-haired grandfatherto the tiniest toddler—scouring the country-side for the small, rich, resinous nuts grow-ing in abundance on the wide-spreading,dwarf pines that dotted the lower slopes ofthe foothills. Now and then a flock of blue-jays, disturbed in their feasting, rose witha whirring of wings and soared aloft, a softblue cloud against the crystal blue of thesky."Anne," said Manuel as they jogged

along, suddenly turning around from thefront seat where he rode beside Pablo,"what changed your mind about being anun?"


Anne smiled, while a warm flush dyedher white throat and mounted to her cheeks."Yes, Anne," put in Ben with great

gravity, "come—tell us! You never madeit really clear! What changed your mind?"He sat facing Anne and Senora Ramirezand he leaned forward, regarding Annesternly.

"I'll never tell!" replied Anne, avoidingBen's glance. She gazed out at the long,purple shadows stretching far across thebrilliant prairie in the golden haze of lateafternoon, but her eye was turned inwardto another scene. She relived—as she hada score of times—the first meeting withBen after he had regained consciousness—when he was still so weak she had had tolean close to the feebly moving lips. Shethrilled yet at the memory of his glance andbarely whispered words. It was the morn-ing following the crisis of the fever, whenafter several hours of healing sleep he hadat last awakened, his mind clear after weeksof stupor. She had been about to leave theCasa Bonilla, but she had begged to beallowed to see Ben once more before doingso and they had taken her to his room and,ordering even the attendant to retire, hadleft her alone with him. It was then thathe had opened his eyes and whispered thewords that were forever graven on herheart."Anne—at last—you did come! Oh—

my dearest—we belong—together! Say it—say it—do you—love me?"And she had said it—Oh, she had said

it with a joy so deep that even now shetrembled at the memory. And then shehad promised to be his wife. His wife!She who had thought to be a nun! Butthat was because she supposed she had losthim! "If joy stands waiting on your door-step, do not turn it away" the Bishop hadsaid. Joy had come to her and she had notturned it away.But she could not joke about it yet, could

not enter into the spirit of light badinage,so she continued to gaze in silence at theslowly passing landscape. Not until thecarriage stopped at the puerta of the casade Bonilla to drop Ben off did she rouseherself from dreamy abstraction.At their own gate Maria greeted them

with smiles and the cryptic words, "Josefina

[ 47 ]

waits to dish up the supper. When that isover I have something to show you!"No coaxing on the part of Manuel would

induce her to divulge the secret before themeal. "Eat," she said, "then you shall sett"When supper was over Manuel, draggingAnne after him, hastened to Maria's roomto learn the mystery. Maria her blackeyes mere slits amid the wrinkles of herwide smile, lighted a candle and bade themfollow her. Holding the taper high aboveher head she led them into the storeroom,picking her way carefully around sacks ofmeal and piles of pumpkins, to the farthestdark corner. Then, pausing dramatically,she lowered her candle and pointed. On apiece of old sacking, her eyes blinking inthe sudden light, lay Rosette. And nuzzlingher soft gray fur were three squirming,downy balls—one coal black, one tigerstriped and one gray and white like herself.Her expression was beatific, her paws curledand uncurled in a transport of pride andhappiness. Her purring was so loud thatit seemed as if she must break the delicatemachinery that produced it. "Look!" sheseemed to say, are not these, my kittens,wonderful?"Manuel dropped to his knees beside her.

"Oh—Oh—Oh!" was all he said. Thengingerly he picked up one of the fluff balls.Rosette did not cease her purring but shekept a watchful eye on the kitten Manuelheld. Anne picked up the other two andcuddled them. Rosette got up and beganweaving in and out between their ankles,still purring ecstatically, but making littlemewing sounds the while.

"Let's show them to Mamma!" criedManuel. So, with Rosette close at theirheels, he and Anne sought Senora Ramirez.There followed a great ado in which Rosettewas praised and petted and the kittens werefondled and petted till between pride andanxiety Rosette was in a frenzy. Finally,however, the babies were restored to theirmother in her own dark corner and Manueland Anne retired to the sala to discussnames for the newcomers.

October slipped into November. Coldwinds swept down from the Sangre de Cristomountains, rattling the dried ristras ofchile, swirling leaves about the patio, andblowing the smoke back down the wide


chimneys so that the fragrance of cedar andpirion filled the air both indoors and out.Ben continued to live at the Casa de

Bonilla at the urgent request of both Senorde Bonilla and his wife. They missed theirown son, Don Fernando, who had joined acaravan going to Mexico in order to fill hismarriage chest. The marriage date of theyoung don and Consuelo was set for thenext July. According to the native customthe bridegroom would spend the time ofbetrothal providing blankets and linens ofhis own weaving and dyeing for his futurehousehold. From Mexico, no doubt, DonFernando would bring back an Indian slaveor two and gorgeous silks and embroideredshawls for his bride.Anne saw very little of Consuelo that fall.

Both girls were busy preparing their trous-seaux. Senora Ramirez was in her elementmanaging Anne's preparations, directing,cutting and sewing while she poured outreminiscences of her own youth.

Before they knew it Christmas was uponthem. Vesper bells pealed out in the frostytwilight of the Noche Buena while little bon-fires burned in the snow in front of everydoorway, celebrating the Nativity. Theflames from these humble fires were symbolsof the light that shone upon the world infar away Judea on the first Christmas somany centuries ago. In a long, bare dancehall the townspeople gave the ancientmiracle play, "Los Pastores" as it had beengiven year after year at this time as longas the oldest abuelo could remember.And so the winter passed away. Ben

formed the habit of limping over to spendthe long evenings with Anne. The cedarlogs and fat pine knots standing uprightin the fireplace snapped and crackled,throwing a warm light over the long,candle-lit sala. Senora Ramirez bent overher sewing while Manuel did his lessons ordrew pictures. Rosette lay on the hearth-rug with her kittens tumbling about her.In a cage nearby Diablo chuckled andbobbed on his perch. Anne and Ben satside by side on a carved old bench. Atsuch times there was little conversation.Each dreamed his dream while the old clockin the corner ticked off the seconds.

"So your guess was right for once!" re-marked Mr. Reeves as he prepared to

scrape a razor across his round, pink jowl."Just what do you refer to?" demanded

his wife.It was April. The Reeves had arrived

from Chihuahua the evening before andwere now dressing for breakfast in the casade Ramirez."Why, the young folks—Ben and Anne.

They did make a match of it after all—orwill, I should say, in an hour or two.""Right for once, did you say?" she re-

torted, pausing in the act of removing acurlpaper and glaring at her husband in-dignantly. "Right as usual, you shouldsay!""Well," replied her husband, smiling

broadly, "shall we compromise by sayingright? Gad!" he added shifting his shav-ing mirror about, "I'll be glad to get intoa house where the walls are less than twofeet thick and the windows big enough to letin some light!""I only wish," went on Mrs. Reeves,

"that they were going to live beside us inChicago—as you predicted.""As / predicted!" exclaimed Mr. Reeves."Didn't you?" she asked serenely.Mr. Reeves shook his head hopelessly.

Then abandoning the argument he said,"It's a chance in a lifetime for Ben.""Marrying Anne?""No—getting into this movement to Cali-

fornia—getting first pickings of the goldthat seems to be lying around on the groundlike nuts under a hickory tree after a storm.I swear I'm tempted to kick over the tracesand get into it myself!""Whoa, there! Steady!" exclaimed his

wife."Why, in a few years they'll be having

a railroad through!""Across the prairie and those moun-

tains?" asked his wife incredulously."Certainly! Why not?"Mrs. Reeves shook her head. "You are a

born optimist!" she said. "Why, if a steamengine could carry fuel enough for such ajourney there would be no power left tohaul passengers!""Well," remarked Mr. Reeves, "time will

tell. I have great faith in man's ingenuity!"

Out in the patio in the bright April sun-shine Anne stood fondling Rosette. Manuelgazed mournfully at her.


"When will you come back to see me?"he asked, close to tears.Anne threw her arm about him. "I'll

come back as often as I can," she answered

[49]

seriously. "And in the meantime you areto grow and grow—a little straighter everyday! But above all you are to be a greatpainter!"

[ 50 ]

"Can't I be your brother, Anne? Iknow I can't take the place of Charles, butcan't I be your brother too?""Oh, yes!" cried Anne, her voice sud-

denly husky. "Such a dear brother! Andlook—I give Rosette and all her kittens intoyour charge. You must make a picture ofher for me. And that picture, Manuel, willlast—even longer than Rosette will live!Isn't that a wonderful thought? Evenlonger than you and I shall live!""I never thought of that," said Manuel,

then added gravely, "I must make everydrawing awfully good—if it is to last solong."

There was a loud rat-tat-tat at the outerdoor and presently Ben strode up. He wasalready dressed for his wedding and lookedvery handsome in light gray trousers, bluewaistcoat and sleek, black coat. His frilledstock was immaculate."Aren't you afraid you'll spill coffee on

it before the wedding?" asked Manuel."I don't need either food or drink this

day!" said Ben softly, his glowing eyes onAnne."Merciful Heavens!" cried a voice from

the sala, "don't tell me you're here already!Why, don't you know you shouldn't see yourbride on your wedding day until the wed-ding?" Senora Ramirez appeared in thedoorway, horror written all over her face."I'm sorry, ma'am," answered Ben

meekly, "but the harm is done now—I'veseen her!" Then he added under his breathto Anne, "and can't keep my eyes off her!Darling—darling—I can hardly believe it'scoming true at last!" He took a step to-ward her and would have caught her inhis arms. But she eluded him and fled toher room.

Sefiora Ramirez bustled out. "Really,Ben," she said in exasperation, "I shouldthink you would have some regard for theproprieties!""Well," replied Ben apologetically, "I

just couldn't keep away. And besides, itisn't as if it was going to be a big churchwedding, is it?"Senora Ramirez sighed. "I suppose not,"

she said. It was really a blow to her whenshe realized that Anne would not be marriedat St. Francis's. The girl had insisted shepreferred a small home wedding.


"But anyway," she added, "you will bemarried by a real Bishop!"Only the other day Bishop Lamy had re-

turned from Mexico with his credentials sothat now there was no longer any doubt ofhis bishophood.Mr. Reeves appeared now and greeted

Ben heartily."Everything ready?" he asked."Everything ready!" answered Ben, "the

covered wagon waits without! And at Taoswe pick up the caravan, then it's westwardho! for us!"

His eyes sparkled and he straightened hisbroad shoulders."A year to make my fortune in the gold

fields!" he went on, "and then on to theorange groves farther south where we'llbuild a house, grow our oranges and livelike a king and queen!"

"That's the spirit, young man!" said Mr.Reeves, clapping him on the back.By midmorning Consuelo had arrived

and disappeared into Anne's room. Ac-tivity in the kitchen was at fever heat.Josefina strove to outdo herself with thewedding feast. Ramon in a spotless, whitecoat hovered between kitchen and diningroom, directing Lola in rapid Spanish.Diablo, catching the general excitement,emitted loud squawks at intervals. The oldtamarisk tree as if in honor of the day,showed forth faint promises of its soft,mauve blooms.

Betsy Carr, the Reeves' maid, as awkwardand inarticulate as ever, sat on a bench inthe sunshine, watching everything with astolid face. Nobody guessed that under herimpassive exterior was an eager soul yearn-ing for the good things of life and bitterlyconscious of the unprepossessing exteriorwhich foredoomed her to failure. Howwonderful it would be to be like Anne, beau-tiful, charming, beloved by Ben! The ex-pression of her heavy features was so for-bidding that Manuel, who had sidled up toher to engage her in speech, slipped awayagain, disheartened. Mrs. Reeves helpedDofia Isabel deck the little altar in the salawith spring flowers—primroses and blos-soms of pear and peach.

Maria was in her element. She flittedabout, putting flowers here and there aboutthe casa. Being a privileged character, she

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 511

popped in and out of Anne's room, offeringadvice, giving admonitions."Here, Senorita," she said coming in

when Anne was dressed except for the wed-ding veil. "I've brought you this to bringyou good fortune in your new life. Keep italways near you." She handed Anne a tinyimage of San Antonio. "He will find lostthings, Senorita, and—and you may needhim later on for another reason!" Her eyesdisappeared into her wrinkles as she shookwith sly laughter."Don't forget me," cried Consuelo gaily,

"when my time comes to wed!""I shall not forget," answered Maria,

gliding out of the room again."Sometimes," remarked Consuelo pen-

sively, "I envy American girls from theStates! They are more free than we!""Ah," replied Anne "but if you were an

American girl from the States—and free,as you call it, you would not be marryingyour Fernando!""True," said Consuelo, smiling, her usual

gaiety returning in full force. "Oh, I dobelieve the Bishop has arrived!" she addedand rushed out to pay her respects to him.Noon came at last. Ben and Anne stood

up before Bishop Lamy and in the presenceof the entire household were made man andwife. The candles on the little altar lightedup the faces of the bride and groom—Ben'swide forehead, steady eyes and clean lineof jaw and chin; Anne's deepset, dark grayeyes under their well marked eyebrows, herdelicately curved cheeks and soft, sweetmouth, tremulous now.Senora Ramirez wept openly. Mrs.

Reeves wiped her eyes but grimly refusedto give in to her emotion. The servantsstood like statues. Josefina's two youngestchildren peeped from behind her skirts,

like two brown cherubs. Manuel's darkeyes went from Anne's face to Ben's andback again. His heart was wrung with thethought of their departure.The wedding breakfast was over. The

bride and groom had changed to theirtraveling clothes of dark homespun. Acanvas-topped wagon drawn by six mulesstood in the narrow street, surrounded bya curious crowd of townspeople. Howqueerly los Americanos did things! Nofeasting and dancing! No shouting or sing-ing! And they called it a wedding!And now Anne had said farewell to all

the little household. Ben swung her up tothe high seat beside him. They would pickJezebel up at Taos and she would go withthem across the mountains to California.Anne's eye lingered longest on Manuel. Hestood close to Bishop Lamy, holding Rosettein his arms. She smiled at him and wavedher hand.

"I'll take good care of Rosette," he called."Good care of Rosette!" The words awokeechoes in Anne's mind and a sudden painmisted her eyes as she recalled anothercovered wagon and another small boy. Butshe mustered all her forces and smiledagain. An answering smile lighted upManuel's big, dark eyes. Then the wagonstarted.

Bishop Lamy stood a moment lookingafter it, his arm across Manuel's shoulder.In his thoughts he sent an added blessingafter the young couple. Disappointmentswould come to them and they would knowsorrow and grief, for that was the way oflife. But they loved each other and theirhearts were strong in faith. And as forthose whose armor is faith, victory isalready theirs.

The End.

-0- -0-

It Takes Two

Love is a tower built byTwo pairs of hands;You place a stone, then I,Until it stands,Symmetrical and true,

JULIE C. KUGLER

Waiting the layer that youCould never put in place alone,Nor I—but both of us can shoveAnd slowly lift the coping stoneThat crowns the tower of love.

Preserving the Star-Spangled BannerH. M. HOBSON

AMERICAN flags and American womenwalk together through our national

history. In 1777, Betsy Ross of Phila-delphia blithely risked her neck to makethe first flag of stars and stripes. In 1814,Mary Young Pickersgill of Baltimore spentdays and nights upon her knees on the floorworking on one of the last war flags madewith fifteen stripes and fifteen stars, ac-cording to the Act of 1795. With war al-most on her doorstep this patriotic womansewed each star in its place upon the greatgarrison flag which was destined to callforth our national anthem. More than acentury later, Amelia Fowler of Boston bentover heavy wooden frames for six weeks inWashington, as she basted and stitched tire-lessly through blistering summer days, thatAmerica's most precious flag might be pre-served for future generations.The original Star-spangled Banner—

once the garrison flag of Fort McHenry—is the most prized and beloved flag pos-sessed by the United States. It received itsbaptism of fire and shell soon after it leftthe hands of Mary Young Pickersgill.When war with England was ended andpeace declared, the famous banner waspresented to Major George Armistead, whohad been breveted lieutenant-colonel forhis brave defense of Fort McHenry.For a century the great flag was cher-

ished by the family of the man who hadfought so courageously beneath its folds.During that century it had become dearerwith each passing year, and was watchedwith adoring eyes whenever it spread itsfolds upon the air. Until it was too fragileand worn to stand the battling of the windthe Star-spangled Banner shared each im-portant national event. In 1824 it wavedabove Washington's war tent to welcomeLafayette, who was the guest of the city ofBaltimore. In 1877 it floated right joy-ously from the Old South Church in Bos-ton, in memory of this epoch-making entryin the annals of Congress:

"Saturday, June 14th, 1777. Resolved,That the Flag of the United States be thir-

teen stripes, alternate red and white; andthat the union be thirteen stars, white ina blue field, representing a new constella-tion."

Full of years and honors the old bannerwas presented to the National Museum in1912, by a descendant of Colonel Armi-stead. Crown jewels could not have beencared for with such devotion and skill aswas this worn flag. For a few years itrested in peace and safety, and then thedire tidings went forth that the OriginalStar-spangled Banner was worn out; it wasgoing to pieces! The whole nation grieved.The historic flag was "tattered and tornand hanging in rags—" but to each Amer-ican the fragile fragments spoke in trumpettones of patriotic souls who had—

"Bathed those folds in their life's tide,And dying blessed, and blessing died!"

Then for the third time in our nation'shistory, a patriotic American womanreached forth skilled, constructive handsto the United States flag. This time it wasAmelia Fowler of Boston. Mrs. Fowlerloved flags. She had studied them foryears, and out of that love and study shehad developed the unique art of preservingand restoring old and damaged banners.Her magic needle had wrought miracleson priceless flags at Annapolis, and so itwas that the fragile folds of the Star-spangled Banner were laid in her handsfor preservation.

In the beautiful wing of the Smithsonianknown as "The Chapel" great woodenquilting frames were erected, and uponthese the linen backing for the flag wasstretched. Mrs. Fowler chose Irish linen,because she said the Irish loved the flaxfrom the moment the seeds were planted,until the material had been woven andbleached, ready for use.Mrs. Fowler placed the huge flag upon

the backing herself, and then with skilfuland reverent hands she straightened eachworn thread, and laid each frayed tatter inplace. This was a herculean task, for the

[52]


flag is about 32 feet on the fly by 28 onthe hoist; the field is 16 by 19 feet fiveinches, and each star measures 26 inchesfrom point to point.

The material was so worn and fragilethat in places it was as thin as a cobweb.After hours and days of labor, the entirebanner was spread out flat, each tinywrinkle was smoothed out, each tatter waspatted in place, and each frayed threadwas laid where it belonged. So skilfullyhad the work been done that there was nota puckered spot in the flag; not a wry-pullanywhere.Mrs. Fowler had coarse but finely fin-

ished thread dyed to correspond to eachcolor in the faded banner. The dull blueand red, the white that had grown yellowwith age—all these difficult shades wereperfectly matched.Then started one of the most amazing

pieces of needlework ever done in this orany other country. With the assistance ofseveral expert sewing women, Mrs. Fowlerstitched the entire Star-spangled Banner toits linen backing. She had invented a geo-metrically perfect stitch for her work onflags; this was used on the banner, fasten-

ing it securely to the linen, and at the sametime covering its entire surface with a netof thread. This is exquisitely delicate butstrong, and holds each fragment in place.For six weeks Mrs. Fowler and her as-

sistants worked on the flag. Each squareinch of the vast surface has ten stitches init, done with thread that matches the fadedmaterial so perfectly that they are almostinvisible. In the entire banner there aremore than 1,500,000 stitches, and as eachis a hexagon, linking with its neighborson six sides, the amount of needlework ispast computing.

Safe and sound with centuries of exist-ence before it, the "Original Star-spangledBanner" is now in a glass case on a wallof its home, the National Museum. Thou-sands stand before it each year, with lovein their hearts and wonder and reverencein their eyes. This is as it should be; asit must ever be. For this mighty banner,that an American woman placed safely be-tween the finest linen cloth and the finestlinen thread, symbolizes America; it is asacred section of our past and a securepromise of our future. It is a glory scrollthat is a part of our national life.

What Is Your Flag I.Q.?NORMAN C.

WE all know the famous line by HenryHolcomb Bennett, "Hats off! The

Flag Goes By!" but the flag I.Q. of mostof us who lift our hats is nothing of whichto be proud.

Here are a few questions and answersthat should help to improve our knowl-edge as to our national emblem:

Question 1—Why is June 14 Flag Day?Answer—Because it was on this date in

1777 that the Continental Congress askedthe Navy Committee to design a nationalflag.

Question 2—Who gave Betsy Ross the de-sign for our first flag which she made?

Answer—Francis Hopkinson, a signer ofthe Declaration of Independence.

Question 3—How were the stars arrangedin our first flag?

SCHLICHTER

Answer—In a circle.Question 4—Is the present arrangement

of the stars in our flag official?Answer—No. It was made by common

custom. There is no Congressional actionas to this.

Question 5—Where on foreign soil wasour first national emblem first flown?Answer—At Fort Nassau, in the Bahama

Islands, on January 28, 1778.Question 6—What was the first foreign

salute to our first flag?Answer—The French were the first for-

eigners to salute Old Glory. This was atFort Nassau. But one of the flags usedbefore our national 1777 flag came intobeing by our revolting colonies was salutedby the Dutch in the harbor of Orangetown,in the West Indies, in November, 1776.

GICiBEPilTFNTITO ( si1-171—f(

LUE REYNOLDS SPENCERGenealogical Editor

713 19TH ST. N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C.

BY request, much space this month is-EP devoted to Family Associations, Queriesand Answers being deleted to provide neces-sary space. The value of such organizationsas a means of preserving family history andtradition cannot be over-estimated. In thefuture, these family records will provideneeded material for research.Keep in mind the four essentials—Who?

When? Where? Why?—of family person-nel and migrations.

Research in Delaware is difficult. Thefollowing notes by Eleanor Bedford (Wil-kins) Cooch, Ex-Vice President General ofthe National Society, is most valuable:

Delaware "Daughters" have recently pre-sented to the D. A. R. Library a number of"Oaths of Fidelity" signed by citizens ofthat state during and after the AmericanRevolution, renouncing "the King of GreatBritain, his heirs or successors" and swear-ing or affirming allegiance to the "DelawareState." These papers contain a total of hun-dreds of names and offer great possibilitiesfor prospective membership in our NationalSociety. It is sincerely hoped that theseDelaware Notes, suggested by the namesof some of the signers of these Delawarelists, will inspire historians in the othertwelve original colonies, to search out thelists in their respective states. The writerfeels keenly, however, that these originalpapers, in fact any original papers, belongin and to the state whose history they pre-serve and that photostat copies of thesedocuments should be sent out of the state.They answer every purpose.

These photostats sent to the D. A. R. Li-brary by Delaware are signed by a varyingnumber of persons, two being signed byonly two, besides the person before whomthey take the oath, and the longest con-taining the names of 227 men and threewomen. This is the only such paper dis-covered by the writer on which the namesof women appear. They were Mary Long-field, Sarah Biggs and Rachal Still. Theywere probably residents of Kent County,Delaware, judging by the names of thoseassociated with them and the only explana-tion of their signing is that they must havebeen large property owners in their ownright. They signed before Ceasar Rodney,Esq., Brig. Gen'l of Militia, February, 1777.At the time of the signing of the Declara-tion of Independence, he was at his homenear Dover and was sent for. History tellsus he rode day and night July 1 and 2,1776, in order to reach Philadelphia intime to affix his signature to the document,as the Delaware delegates were divided intheir sentiment towards taking this boldstep. With Rodney's arrival, it gave themajority vote of the Delaware delegationfor independence. Unfortunately, Dela-ware lacked a Longfellow to give to Rod-ney's ride the fame and glamour receivedby Paul Revere.The "Fidelity" list owned by the Ameri-

can Jewish Historical Society of New YorkCity, a photostat of which is also included,contains several interesting names, the mostprominent, perhaps, being that of GeorgeRead, the only man, so far as the writerknows, who signed the United States Con-

[ 54 ]


stitution twice. He signed his own nameand that of John Dickinson, another dele-gate from Delaware, who was unable to bepresent when the Constitution was signedand wrote Read a letter, the original ofwhich is in the State Archives at Dover,asking Read to sign for him. Dickinson'sown signature appears on another of theFidelity lists, and is small and crampedcompared to Read's script, which is largeand bold and would seem to denote self-confidence.The "G. Bedford" whose name appears

on the list with George Read, was GunningBedford, the Governor of Delaware, a cou-sin of Gunning Bedford, Jr., the memberof the Constitutional Convention and asigner of the Constitution. Gunning Bed-ford, the Governor, married Mary Read.They lived in New Castle, Delaware, andleft no issue.

• Gunning Bedford, Jr., the signer of theConstitution, swore Fidelity before GeorgeCraghead. Two dates appear on this paper,Feb. 12 and Feb. 16, both 1779. He mar-ried Jane Ballareau Parker before he grad-uated from Princeton and it is reported hiswife attended his graduating exercisescarrying their first baby. He had two chil-dren, a son who died young, unmarried,and a daughter, also unmarried, Miss Hen-rietta J. Bedford, who lived to a ripe oldage and by her will, did all she could topreserve the lustre of the family name andfame. Among other items, she left herfather's portrait to the U. S. Governmentand specified that it be hung in the Capitolat Washington, where it still hangs, on oneof the landings on the House of Repre-sentatives side.The parents of Gunning Bedford, Jr.,

were Gunning Bedford, Sr., of Philadel-phia, an architect by profession, a Founderof Old Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, andfor many years an Alderman of that city.He was a Lieutenant in the Penna. troops,in the French and Indian Wars, and in1742, married Susannah Jaquet, a descend-ant of Jean Paul Jaquet, Governor of Dela-ware, 1655, under the Dutch, and his wife,Maria de Carpentier, whose ancestry goesback to the French Huguenots and Em-peror Charlemagne.Susannah was the daughter of Peter

Jaquet and Ann—and granddaughter of

[55]

Peter Jaquet and Ingeborg, daughter of Dr.Tymen Stidham, the first doctor in Dela-ware, who mentions Ingeborg in his will,filed April 24, 1686. He also mentions"little daughter" Magdolena, and sonsLucas and Erasmus Stiddom (New CastleCounty, Del. A. 73.) Dr. Stiddom orStidham, was one of the pioneers fromSweden, the Tercentenary of whose landingin Delaware was extensively celebrated lastyear.Gunning Bedford, Sr., and Susannah had

eleven children, among whom, besides Gun-ning Bedford, Jr., the Signer, were PeterBedford who married Mary Van Solengin,ancestors of the writer; Mary Ann who mar-ried a Mr. Young; Elizabeth, married An-drew Bankson, Feb. 13, 1772; Ann, whomar. Commodore Joshua Barney of Revo-lutionary and 1812 fame, whose descendant,General Thomas Holcomb, now commandsour U. S. Marines.The names of Peter Jaquet and Lucas

Stidham also appear on the list with GeorgeRead and they were no doubt descendedfrom these early settlers of Delaware.Two by the name of Rhoads appear,

Richard and Joseph. The Rhoads familyhave been in the same business in Delawarefor over a hundred years, and one of thesons of the present generation bears thename, Joseph Rhoads. They are a familyof Friends. These lists of Fidelity furnishevidence the signers were patriots and loyalto the American cause and provide eligibil-ity for those having a Quaker backgroundand a desire to join the D. A. R., or someother similar Society—sometimes a diffi-cult combination!The other name on the list with Gunning

Bedford, Jr., is Patrick O'Flinn, who owneda Tavern called "The Sign of the Ship" atThird and Market Sts., Wilmington. JohnMarshall was Inn-Keeper during the Revo-lution when Patrick O'Flinn was serving asa Captain in the Revolutionary forces. La-fayette, Aaron Burr and Commodore Perrywere among the distinguished men whostopped here and General Washington men-tions it in his Diary, May 12, 1787, (Sat) ."With difficulty (on acct of the Wind)crossed the Susquehanna. Breakfasted atthe Ferry House on the East side. Dinedat the head of Elk (Hollingsworth's Tav-ern) and lodged at Wilmington at O'Flins."


On the list signed before Wm. Allfree,June 27, 1778, is Duncan Beard's signa-ture. His will was probated 1797 and itbegins, "I, Duncan Beard, clockmaker."He bought an acre of ground near Odessa,Delaware, (see Old Delaware Clockmakersby Henry C. Conrad, pub. by the fist. So.of Delaware) , where he no doubt built hishouse and had his shop. He was one of thebuilding committee of Old DrawyersChurch, near Odessa, and the beauty ofdesign, both inside and out, of this oldPresbyterian church, testifies to the tasteand skill of "Duncan Beard, clockmaker."Fortunate is the person who owns one ofhis clocks! His will (New Castle 0 257)mentions his wife Rebekah and DuncanBeard "son of John Beard." He had nochildren.On the list signed before Jno. Lea, Au-

gust 15th, 1778, appears the name of JacobBroom, another Signer for Delaware of theU. S. Constitution. Two other lists weresigned before Jno. Lea, one Feb. 14th andone January 12th, 1786.Thomas Cooch, Jr., signed before Robert

Bryan, Esq., Nov. 17, 1778. He was bornin England and came to America in 1746with his parents and sister, Frances Eliza-beth Cooch, who mar. 1st, John Armitageand 2nd, John Simonton. Thomas Cooch,Jr., was a private in Col. Samuel Patter.son's Battalion, 1776. Nearly 300 of theseenlisted men out of 480, mutinied on ac-count of lack of arms, money and supplies.When the men were approached, ThomasGooch, Jr., answered, "Ready and willingto march." (Scharf's History of Del., Vol.I, p. 239.) He married, 1st, Sarah Griffith,granddaughter of John and Sarah Griffithwho came from Wales in 1701. ThomasCooch, Jr., and Sarah Griffith had twochildren, William who married Margaret,daughter of ZebuIon and Mary (Evans)Hollingsworth of Elkton, Md., and Eliza-beth, who married Solomon Maxwell, wholater, was one of the thirty delegates to theConvention held by Delaware, Dec. 7th,1787, which unanimously ratified the U. S.Constitution. Their brick house in Chris-tiana, Delaware, still stands, and is nowknown as the Webber House. Elizabeth andSolomon are buried in the churchyard of theWelsh Tract Baptist Church, near Newark.

Thomas Gooch, Jr., and his second wife,Sarah Welsh, of Philadelphia, also had twochildren, Thomas Cooch, 3rd who married,1st, Hannah and 2nd, Isabella, and movedto Ohio, and Francis Lowen Cooch, born,1770, mar. 1799, Elizabeth Mans, born1776. He was named for the brother ofThomas Cooch, Sen.'s wife, Sarah Lowen,whose brother was Francis Lowen of Eng-land, who remembered his sister generouslyin his will, but due to the unpleasantnessbetween England and the Colonies, themoney was never secured by the family.The will, however, makes an interestingfamily record.Thomas Cooch, Sr., appears No. 32, on

a list of 129 names signed before ThomasJames, June 29th, 1778. Thomas Cooch,Sr., was born about 1700 in England, bring-ing his family to Delaware in 1746. Hebought the place at Cooch's Bridge thatyear from one of the James family and thewriter's two sons, Thomas and Edward W.Cooch, Jr., are the seventh generation inthe direct male line to live in the old home-stead. He erected a flour mill on whatis now the lawn, being operated by waterfrom Christina Creek, beside it. This millwas burned by the British in 1777 and wasrebuilt in 1790 at another location nearby,by his grandson, William Cooch. In 1756,Thomas Cooch, Sr. was a Capt. in theFrench and Indian Wars and at ChristianaBridge (sometimes called Christiana andChristeen) March 20th, 1775, he waschosen Colonel of Lower Division, Delawaretroops, New Castle County. (Penna. Mag.July, 1894, p. 265 and Scharf's Hist. ofDel., Vol. I, p. 141) . After the Battle ofLexington, messengers were dispatched toarouse the Colonies. Col. Thomas Coochreceived the message from Col. Pattersonat Christiana Bridge and forwarded it toTobias Rudolph, Esq. at Head of Elk, nowElkton, Maryland. No telephone or radiothen! Col. Thomas Cooch died, 1788, sev-eral years after his son. This is a rare ex-ample of an old man giving active servicein the Revolution. His service was prob-ably more in an executive capacity.David Barr, whose will is filed in Cecil

County, Maryland, gave the land for a ceme-tery just over the Md. State line in Dela-ware, to Head of Christiana Church and

r


lies buried there. He was in the same Dela-ware company in the French and IndianWars, 1756, of which Thomas Cooch, Sr.,was Captain, David Barr being Lieutenant.He signed the Oath of Fidelity in CecilCounty, Maryland, but no evidence hasbeen found of any active military servicein the Revolution for him.The men who signed before Thomas

James, besides Col. Thomas Cooch, arepractically all men identified with Pen-cader Hundred, New Castle County. Amongthem were Isaac Faries, many of whosedescendants spell the name Ferris. An-other is James McMullen undoubtedly anancestor of the present Governor of Dela-ware, Richard Cann McMullen, who wasborn in Pencader Hundred, January 2nd,1868, on a farm which had been in thefamily many years. Many of the men onthis list are identified with the history ofthe Welsh Tract Baptist Church, whoseCongregation organized in Wales in 1701and came to The Welsh Tract, settled in itspresent location in 1703 and has continuedever since. And so, beside this tinychurch, surrounded by ancient and majes-tic oaks, we will bring these notes to aclose and hope that we have made someof these people of Delaware, live again,and be for you, more than just a name.

Committee of "Old Drowyers" Presby-terian Church, and the beauty of design,both inside and out, of this old church,bears witness to the taste and skill of Dun-can Beard, clockmaker. Fortunate is theperson who owns one of his clocks.On the list signed before John Lea on

Feb. 14, 1786 appears the name of JohnArmstrong and on the list signed beforethe same man, August 15, 1778, is the signa-ture John Armstrong, Jr. John Lea makesthis comment "N. B. Please to observe thatJoshua North and Richard Kellon both be-long to Brandywune Hundred and JohnMalcolm to Newcastle Hundred. The re-maining 54 to Christiana Hundred. Serv-ice for John Armstrong of Christiana Hun-dred has recently been proved and this wasno doubt the John Armstrong, Jr., appear-ing above. John Armstrong, Sr., was theson of Archibald Armstrong and their willsappear in the "Colonial Wills of NewCastle County" published by the ColonialDames of Delaware.

Family Associations

John Crandall Society, affiliated withDescendants of First Families in America.President John C. Crandall, New Wood-stock, N. Y. Secretary, Mary ElysabethCrandall, Three Lakes, Wis. Organizedfor the compiling and safe keeping of allrecords and genealogies of the descendantsof Elder John Crandall who arrived inBoston about 1635. He settled in theProvidence Plantation where he was asso-ciated with Roger Williams and becameone of the leaders in the affairs of theRhode Island colony. "John Clarke, JohnCrandall, Obadiah Holmes and RogerWilliams went to England in the year 1663,and obtained from Charles the Second aCharter which secured the Colony of RhodeIsland as a Free State, where there was aguarantee forever from the King and allhis Successors that all of the inhabitantsof the Rhode Island Colony should begiven Political and Religious Freedom, nomatter what country they came from. "TheColony of Rhode Island and the Colonyof Pennsylvania, the one at Rhode Islandfounded by the Baptists and the one inPennsylvania by the Quakers, were theonly two Colonies that guaranteed absoluteliberty, and it was the Constitution of theseColonies and especially the one in RhodeIsland and its democratic manner of han-dling public affairs, that is declared byThomas Jefferson to be the leven of Libertyand Democracy of the American Con-tinent.

Beckwith Family Association, Mrs.Alice Richmond, Secretary, Alfred, N. Y.

Clarkson (Southern) Family, Sec. Mrs.Florence C. McCartney, 134 N. MacdonaldSL Mesa, Arizona.

Haralson - Harralson - Harrelson H. H.Haralson, Pres. 205 Drexel Ave., Decatur,Ga. Miss Zola Haralson, Sec. Cusetta, Ala.Meets the second Sunday in each June at

[ 58] NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

the home of Mrs. Guy Hudson, 401 OaklandStreet, Decatur, Ga. The 1939 meeting willbe the fourth one that we have had.

Daniel McMillan Family Association.Mid-summer meetings at the old SouthHenderson Church, Henderson County,Illinois. Jessie M. Gaddis

' Historian, 766

N. Academy Street, Galesburg, Ill.Eskridge Family Association, meetings,

biennial; place—to be designated; Secre-tary, Mrs. W. T. Rucker, 905 FederalStreet, Lynchburg, Virginia.James Strong Association, Frances

Strong Helman, historian, 732 LocustStreet, Indiana, Penna.Helman Association, Blaine Helman Sec-

retary, 732 Locust Street, Indiana Penna.Little-Cunningham-Brandon, Mrs. J. I.

Fyock, R. D. No. 7, Indiana, Penna.Arnold Family Association, Mrs. John

E. Kennedy, Secretary, 1117 College Street,Shreveport, Louisiana.

Randall Association, Long IslandBranch, Inc. Secretary, Mrs. S. DenisonSmith, 27 West Lena Avenue, Freeport,New York.

Mills-Trotter Family Association ofBond County, Illinois, Historian, Mrs.L. M. McKee, Greenville, Ill.Campbell Family Association, Mrs.

Mary Latham Norton, 2018 Green Street,San Francisco, Cal.The Reynolds Family Association, 37

Manheim Street, Germantown, Philadel-phia, Pa., Mrs. A. C. Rippier, Secretaryand Treasurer.

Caldwell Family Association, Mrs. A. C.Ellis, 1830 Laramie Street, Manhattan,Kansas.The Garton family association has a

widespread membership, covering the twomain branches of the family here in theUnited States, and correlated lines in far-away Australia, New Zealand, England,France, and Canada.The records of the family are all made

in duplicate and copies are kept by FayL. Garton, 308 W. Oklahoma Ave., Black-well, Oklahoma, and by Ernest LovejoyGarton, P. 0. Box 421, Bartlesville, Okla-homa.The official title is Garton Headquarters,

and Ernest L. Garton, P. 0. Box 421,Bartlesville, Oklahoma, is Secretary andkeeps the various branches informed of

new material, marriages, deaths, andbirths. It is a stupendous task, and hewrites hundreds of letters yearly. It ispurely a labor of love for there is no salaryor funds involved.

This association makes no attempt tohold meetings but any Garton is wel-comed to Headquarters, to peruse recordsand view the hundreds of old family photo-graphs there collected.Some of the family have changed the

spelling of the name, and end the word inten or tin. (Mrs. Fay L.) Melinda DeanGarton, Regent, Sarah Harrison Chapter,N. S. D. A. R.

Descendants of First Families in Amer-ica. Organized for purpose of holding an-nual conventions in Florida each year togive opportunity for personal contact be-tween those who trace their ancestral linesback to the days of the American Revolu-tion and prior to that time. The first con-vention was held at Venice, Florida, onJanuary 26, 27 and 28, 1939. The nextconvention is tentatively scheduled forThursday, Friday and Saturday of the lastweek in January, 1940. Dues $1 a yearfor Charter and Registered Members.Mary Elysabeth Crandall, Secretary, ThreeLakes, Wis.Above is information regarding the

D. F. F. A. This organization was startedlast summer by my father, Bruce V. Cran-dall, and Mr. Virkus, head of the Insti-tute of American Genealogy.The Gray Clan Bulletin, devoted to the

interests of the Thomas Gray Clan of ButlerCounty, Pennsylvania. Editor, Norman P.Bish, 4,480 Rodenbaugh Ave., Pgh. 14, Pa.

Alden Society of Steuben Co., N. Y.,Miss Minerva Brown, Secretary, 9 JeffersonStreet, Danville, N. Y.

Alden Kindred of New York City, MissViolet M. Turner, Secretary, 353 W. 57thSt., New York.

Allen Family, Box 67, Manchester, Mass.Andrew Ass'n., Mr. C. C. Andrew, 44

Dwight St., New Haven, Conn.Barton Family, Mrs. Evan O'Benmon,

Box 61, Mt. Emmons, Utah.Beers Family Assn., Secretary, Walter

Whitney Beers, 1219 Fidelity Blvd., Balti-more, Md.

Azeltine Association, Mrs. L. N. Johnson,Box 86, Marshalltown, Iowa.


Thompson Association, Howard M.Thompson, Secretary, North Easton, Mass.Knapp Family Association of America

will hold its third annual meeting Satur-day, June 24, Hotel McAlpin, New York,N. Y. Alfred A. Knapp, President; Mrs.Flora Knapp Dickinson, Secretary; Mrs.D. Q. Brown, Treasurer; Ezra Fred Knapp,Genealogist. Headquarters, 489 Fifth Ave.,New York, N. Y.

Matthew Mitchell Association AnnualMeeting, August 19, 1939. Place of meet-ing to be announced. Mr. Wallace N.Mitchell, President; Mrs. Dorothy Q. Mix,Vice-President; Mr. Asahel W. Mitchell,Treasurer; Mr. Walter LeRoy Mitchell,Jr., Historian; Mrs. Frank W. Seth, Secre-tary. Address: Mrs. Frank W. Seth, Sec-retary, 20 North Broadway, White Plains,N.Y.

GREENE COUNTY, TENNESSEE, MARRILGE '30NDS(Conclusion)

1800JOHN SEVIER, Governor

Daniel Kennedy, County ClerkSecurity

Jan. 1 Robert Henry to Margaret McGill Hugh MagillWm. Kennedy, C.

Jan. 4 William Kelly to Sarah Ragens Alexander ArmstrongWm. Kennedy, C.

Jan. 6 John Brown to Priscilla Essman Phanees (?) EssmanFrancis Antrisan

Jan. 7 Stephen Brooks to Margaret Whitenberger. . Lawrence Earnest(Both bond and license) (or Whitenbarger)

Jan. 9 William Reynolds to Elizabeth Weger Aaron HoptonJan. 14 William Reynolds to Ruth Woolsey Nehemiah Woolsey

Joseph St. JohnJan. 15 Henry Bowman to Barbara Starns Leonard DellJan. 18 John Moore to Dorcas Clearwater James AndersonJan. 20 Wm. Kindle to Elizabeth Webb John Bird

Wm. Kennedy, C.Jan. 21 Thomas Mooney to Rebeckah Dotson Edmond Dotson

Wm. Kennedy, C.Jan. 27 Thomas Chatham to Mary Wyatt Thomas WyattJan. 28 Jacob Clearwater to Hannah Fisher James DinwoddieJan. 29 Samuel Cofman to Jane Spratt John Newman

(or Coffman)Jan. 29 John Cannon to Nancy Willon John NewmanFeb. 1 William Guthrie to Hannah Smiley Robert Smiley

James HaysFeb. 4 John Perryman to Elizabeth Ann Anderson...James Anderson

John KelsayFeb. 7 Jesse Lindsay to Leah Hurst Elijah Hurst

(Both bond and license)Feb. 8 Jacob Bird to Mille Dunn John BirdFeb. 11 Samuel Sutton to Sarah Hise Philip WagnerFeb. 22 Isaac Baker, Jun to Sarah Jones Isaac Baker, Sen.Feb. 23 James Montgomery to Margaret Russell David RussellFeb. 24 William McBride to Sarah Delaney Joseph McCoyFeb. 25 Samuel Anderson to Jennet Kelsy James AndersonMar. 1 Thomas Loyd to Susanna Webb John Bird

Wm. Kennedy, C.Mar. 21 Samuel Reed to Anny Jones John Kennedy

Wm. Kennedy, C.April 2 Philip Shavor to Jenny Henderson John Henderson

Wm. Kennedy, C.April 8 John Kilgore to Lydda Henderson Daniel WalkerApril 14 Isaac Coulee to Hannah Gooden John Jones

Wm. Kennedy, C. (Jones outside)April 9 Jacob Kirkpatrick to Isabel White David White

Wm. Kennedy, C. (or Ezebel)April 21 William Mackey to Mary Parmon Stephen Woolsey

Wm. Kennedy, C. (or Poeman)

[ 60 ]

April 26

April 28

April 29May 8

May 12May 20

May 20

Thomas Kennedy Wm. Kennedy, C.George Kerr

Jeremiah Smith Peter Casteel

James Thomson Valentine Pauley

Abraham Hurst


to Grizey Gilles N. K. RawlingsJohn Kennedy, Jr.

to Susanna Roberts William WilsonWilliam Hall

to Isabella Greene William Dewoodyto Susanna Richardson Larkin Brumly

Shadrach McNewto Catharine Reese Thomas Ellisto Hannah Ray John Hurst

(or Roy)to Mary Dunn John Hurst

Valentine PauleyMay 21 Hugh Magill to Mary Henry William MagillMay 24 William Russ 11 to Polly Galbraith Robert Russell

N. K. Bawling. John TempleMay 30 James "A illiams to Rachel Crow Benjamin CrowJune 9 Hugh M kdams to Ezebel Brison James Rankin

Wm. Ket iedy, C.June 17 William Myers to Nancy Carter John LescallectJune 26 George Couch to Mary Milsaps John Moier

Wm. Kennedy, C.June 30 Joseph Holt to Sally Clarke

N. K. Rawlings (both bond and license)Samuel Brown

July 1 Adam Hardman to Barbara Buimhart John Hawk(or Harmon) (of Washington Co.)

July 3 William Townsend to Ellsy Pavely John Pauly(or Pauly)

July 8 Joab Moore to Elizabeth Couch George CouchJuly 8 Henry Kallar to Mary Carter Daniel Keller

(or Keller)July 14 Samuel Brewer to Margaret Moore Daniel RawlingsJuly 24 Abraham Lester to Jane Evens Magill Hugh Magill

Wm. Kennedy, C.July 28 Elisha Knox to Rachel King Henry McCulloch

(or McCullugh)July 28 Benjamin Parker to Cath(erine) Gray Joseph Jones

(no clerk)July 30 Jacob Woolsy to Elizabeth Weger Henry Gragg

(or Weyer)July 30 John West, Jun to Sarah Rodgers Christopher Conway

(Letter from Robert Rodgers, father) John West, Sen.Aug. 2 Samuel Rodgers to Susanna Ross John RodgersAug. 7 George Campbell to Margaret Gillis Holden ShanksAug. 8 John Melone to Margary Casteel Larkin Brumly

(Bond, license and certificate) John CasteelAug. 16 Samuel Henderson to Sarah Kilgore Daniel WalkerAug. 16 Moses Roddy to Sarah Hays James Hays, Sen.Sept. 8 William Johnson to Eliz(abeth) Bowman Joseph St. JohnSept. 8 Gravener Marsh to Eliz(abeth) Oliphant James Oliphant

Daniel RawlingsSept. 9 Smith Farrel to Mary McCowan Alexander Anderson

(or McEwen)Sept. 10 Michael Woods to Esther Shields Robert O'Neil

William LamkinSept. 15 George Sturms to Kezia Davis James Hall

(or Starns)Sept. 15 John Mackey to Barbara Fann William Mackey

Aaron HoptonSept. 20 Frederick Louder to Mary Casner John Hughes

Sept. 22(or Souder)

Samuel Dallton to Rebecca Stanfield Philip Stout(Both bond and license)

Sept. 23 William Dawson to Nancy Cleveland Thomas Palmer

Oct. 13(Letter from mother, Fanny Shaw)

Aaron Beene to Mary Barbara Nigh John KennedyWilliam Moore

(or Beane)Oct. 22 William L. Watson to Jenny Hall William Hall

William Kennedy, C.


Oct. 29 Andrew Bryan to Mary Crosby James HaysThomas Crosby

Nov. 5 Nicholas Eily to Elizabeth Smelser James McKeehenNov. 25 Henry Gragg to Elizabeth Pharaoh Benjamin CrowNov. 26 Benjamin Mackey to Mary Potter William Green

John KennedyNov. 27 Ezekiel Carter to Martha Stanly Abraham CarterDec. 1 William Weger to Elizabeth Gragg James Potter

(or Weyer)Dec. 4 John Henderson to Rachel Parman Giles ParmanDec. 8 Josiah Temple to Isabella Fain John TempleDec. 10 Daniel Coulee to Susanna Randolph Isaac Cord-ccDec. 12 William Dickson to Eliza Douglas William Dewoody

Wm. Dewoody (In the original the girl's name comes first)Dec. 13 Simon Pope to Rebeckah West William West

Wm. Kennedy, C.Dec. 20 Andrew Campbell to Mary Reed John McPharman

John DoanDec. 20 Michael Fries to Jean Hannah John Doan

(Both bond and license) John McPharmanDec. 29 Samuel Hanna to Ann Carter Thomas Brown

John HughesDec. 31 John King to Agnes Gass John Hughes

Cornelius NewmanA letter from Robert Wyly, to be security for Philip Chance, but no girl named. Bond missing

(These marriage bonds were copied by Florence Morey Brown of the NOLACHUCKEY CHAPTER,N. S. D. A. R., from the Greene County court House, Greeneville, Tennessee)

MARRIAGE ECO

REBA MAHAN STEVENS

Israel married Betsy Clemmer;Eliza, Christian Bouteman;Sally married Joseph Baker,And Thomas, a Gillespie.

So runs the list,Prosaically enough;But near the ending of the pageI find—John married Nancy Leaf!

Nancy Leaf!Sweet fragrant name!She must have worn green petticoatsThat swished and billowedWith each dancing step,And rounded bodice laced with silver

threads.

Only pink rosebuds would have servedTo fasten her white fichu;In her hands,White hands beneathNeat black lace mitts,She must have held a tight nosegayOf half-blown rosesSet about with mignonetteAnd fresh fern leaves.

Betsy and Kate, Delilah and Elizabeth;Israel and Thomas, Jacob and EliWho married them—Good men and women allBeyond a doubt.

But I—I thank you, John,For choosing Nancy Leaf!

HERALDRYJEAN STEPHENSON

DRAWINGS BY AZALEA GREEN BADGLEY

Supporters and Charges

T AST month various armorial insignia1--J were explained. There is yet another,supporters. Very few Americans are en-titled to use supporters; yet many reputablefirms and artists in furnishing a copy of thearms of a family will depict it with sup-porters. This is due to a lack of understand-ing of the meaning of supporters.

Supporters do not appertain to the armsof a family. They designate rank, and therank of a specific person, and are used onlywith the arms of that person. In Englandthe use of supporters is limited to peers andto a very few persons whose ancestors in themale line have continuously used support-ers "from time immemorial" and so haveestablished an hereditary right to them. InScotland, the same rule holds, except thatheads of certain clans or houses are per-mitted to use them, probably on the theorythat the status of such individuals duringthe Middle Ages was comparable to that ofa peer.

If a descendant of the Osborne family dis-plays the arms of Osborne with supporters,he is not displaying his own or his familyarms, but the arms of the Earl of Leeds.This nobleman and his distant Americancousin may both descend from a commonancestor and both have an hereditary rightto use the arms, but only the peer may in-herit the use of the supporters. When sup-porters are shown with arms, the rank of theindividual, by which he is entitled to them,should be indicated.The rare American who may be said to

have a right to supporters is one who is theeldest male heir of a man who was entitledto and used supporters, one who if he werenot an American but an Englishman orScotchman, would have the rank of theancestor. Even in such a case, only that in-dividual as such should use them, his broth-ers or sons may not.

In early days, supporters were changedat will, each generation selecting the animal

or human figure he preferred to show assupporting his shield. Now, they are usuallyconsidered as inherited with the rank.The figures on the shield may be formal

heraldic devices or may be natural objects,usually somewhat formalized. An explana-tion of them is beyond the scope of thesearticles. There are hundreds of books de-voted to the subject of heraldry. For thebeginner, or for general reading and refer-ence, one of the best is Boutell's Manual ofHeraldry, revised by V. Wheeler-Holohan(1931) .As has been stated before, one well versed

in heraldry can often deduce relationshipsfrom the distinctive charges of one familyappearing in the arms of another. Onemust, however, be careful not to assumewithout evidence that the relationship is ablood one. Often it was a feudal bond.Sometimes it had not even a friendlyorigin.An example in point is found by compar-

ing the arms of Johnston of Westerhall withthose of Douglas. As is well known, thearms borne by "The Black Douglas" con-sisted of a shield, the lower part being silverand the upper one-third blue with three sil-ver stars. When Douglas, taking the heartof Robert Bruce to the Holy Land, was killedin battle against the Moors in Spain hisheirs put on the silver shield a red heart.This "Douglas heart" is a definitely recog-nizable charge wherever it is found. Now,Johnston of Westerhall has, for a difference,the Douglas heart. But it does not indicatedescent from Douglas. The ancestor of thisbranch of the Johnston family distinguishedhimself and laid the foundations of thefamily fortunes by aiding the King in acampaign against Douglas in 1455; so whenhis descendants needed to difference theirarms from other Johnstons, they added theDouglas heart. Even under such circum-stances, however, its use would furnish aclue to aid in identification of the family.

[62]


Douglam

Arms: Argent, a heart gules; on a chief azurethree mullets of the field.

Crest: A plume of twelve feathers, argent.Supporters: Two lions sejant guardant.

3.1o4notottUI ir,roirriptit

Arms: Argent, a saltire sable charged with fivefleur-de-lis of the field between an annuletsable in chief and a man's heart gulescrowned or in base; on a chief gules threecushions or

Crest: A winged spur or, leathered gules.

[63]

THERE are few families about which so-1- much has been written as about that ofDouglas. The Douglas Book, by WilliamFraser, and The Douglas Family, by DavidHume, show many examples of early sealsand shields used by this family in itsvarious branches.

Because of the Scotch practice of "dif-ferencing" there are literally hundreds ofvariations of the Douglas arms. Many ofthese are shown in Heraldry of Douglas, byG. H. Johnston. To know whether one isentitled to one of these, the line of descentmust be traced back to an ancestor who boreone.The arms shown here are those of James,

the second Earl of Douglas, the originalarms with the distinctive heart added. Thethird Earl of Douglas married an heiressand from that time the arms of the peerhave been quartered.

rr HE early arms of the Johnstons ofAnnandale were black with three silver

cushions. Later, but still early, somebranches used it as red with three goldcushions; others placed the cushions on achief (upper third of shield) of a differentcolor; others added the saltire (cross) ofvarious colors. Many of the several hun-dred variations are described in Heraldryof Johnston, by G. H. Johnston.

Aside from the arms borne by the manybranches of the Johnstons of Annandale inScotland, there were at least fifteen otherJohnston families in Scotland entitled toarms. There were over a hundred differentarms borne by Johnston and Johnson fami-lies in England.The arms shown indicate many "differ-

ences", the fleur-de-lis, the annulet, andthe heart having been added one by one forthis purpose.

Symbols for Heraldic Tinctures

Or Argent Sable Butes Azure Vert

(ENGLISH)

Steel Bold Silver Black Red Blue limn

BOO ilfyy. I IV EWS:V,))

Guns of Burgoyne. Bruce Lancaster.Frederick A. Stokes Company,New York. $2.50.

This is another of those long, lusty novelsof the American Revolution which havebeen so much in vogue during the past year.It varies from others of its kind, however,in that it tells the story of the losers ratherthan the winners and that for the first timeit presents the Hessian "mercenaries" in askillful and sympathetic manner, revealingthe circumstances under which they wereliterally sold into bondage, eventuallyemerging from it, in many cases, to becomesolid citizens of the new republic againstwhich they personally had no quarrel.The hypothesis on which the English wit

and beau, affectionately known as "Gen-tleman Johnny" Burgoyne, set out throughthe American wilderness down Champlain,was that battles were fought when twolines of infantry, advancing on each otherin perfect order, arrived within mutualrange, at which point they fired on com-mand. It was a surprise and a shock tohim and the soldiers with him to find theywere not fighting "a parade ground war."Consequently they blundered on, againstterrific odds, hoping the rebels would someday fight the way their opponents wished,instead of springing out suddenly from be-hind the trees of deep forests, or casuallyleaving their plows to pick up musketswhich they aimed with deadly accuracy."What kind of a sign is it?" one of theminquired, "when a farmer shoots your hatoff your head and another shoots it outof your hand when you try to pick it up?"They did not know. They could not

learn. And therefore they went down todefeat, after a campaign that was doomedto disaster even before it started. They

I r1-1 r

were generously treated by their conquer-ors, and when the chance finally came tosail Eastward across the Atlantic, many ofthem declined to embrace it. Kurt Ahrens,the hero of the story, marries a charmingyoung rebel, the daughter of a professorat Harvard, and goes back to the desolate"round hill beyond Fort Auve," determinedto "bring life to it again"—"First a cabin,then a village, then a town"—that was theway Kurt and his Judith visualized it.That is no doubt what eventually came topass, for of such dreams come true thecountry was made.But the love story, though more arrest-

ing than many which have appeared inother tales of this character, is not thedominant theme of the book, nor are thetender passages which it does contain themost convincing and appealing. Thesplendid swing of the story, its obvioushistorical authenticity, the touches ofhumor which enliven it, the spirit of jus-tice and courage which permeates its pages—these constitute its strongest claim toattention. The bibliophile will delight inits fine format. The student will revel inits enlightening content. At the same time,the reader whose one object is to seek en-tertainment of a vigorous and vital sortwill find what he is looking after.

F. P. K.

Man the World Over. C. C. Carterand H. C. Brentnall. D. Appleton-Century Company, New York.$3.00.

The British authors of "Man the WorldOver," with native self-control, resisted thetemptation to call their book "Geographyfor the Georgian," and therefore a decentrespect for their opinions inhibits the label

[64]


"Streamlined." It is not an ordinary geog-raphy, and should not be purchased assuch. It would be too small a shield forextra-curricular activities and provides notables to refresh our decimated recollectionof area, population, capital, and chief cityof each state. But, though its style is per-haps slightly mature for a child and slightlyunsophisticated for an adult, it containsmuch of basic importance to an under-standing of current events and would be amore valuable companion for round-the-world travelers than many they take withthem.

It represents a commendable and suc-cessful attempt to expose the situation ofmankind, with particular emphasis on cau-sation by natural forces. Assuming someelementary acquaintance with geographybut little with any other science, and pre-suming the availability of a comprehensiveatlas, the illustrators and writers diagramand describe each portion of our globe,sketch the history of its inhabitants, andthen set forth their status and prospects.We learn- few statistics (none in vacuo)and as many reasons as results. In NorthAmerica, for instance, the most people livewhere the most rain falls—it's as simple asthat.

Naturally, not all there is to know abouthumans and how they exist where they docan be put in a single volume; and a greatdifficulty in composing this one must havebeen deciding what to leave out. Thoughone is seldom conscious of condensation,little of prime significance is omitted. Whatneeds to be said is stated, in few words.Generalities abound, but they must. Thereis little room for explanation. Much is toldby drawings, which are well reproduced;and by fine photographs, many of whichare not.

Objectivity abounds, but occasionallygives way to that patriotism and philosophywithout which Britain would not have per-petrated her peculiar errors or gained hersuccesses. The greatness of her empire isfrankly traced, not only as to the qualitiesof the race but also as to its fortunate situa-tion on an island created by the end of thelatest ice age. However, we are carefullyinstructed that "British control . . . hasput an end to warfare and done much tosecure liberty and just dealing" in India,

in which opinion Ghandi may or may notconcur; and Americans now being urgedto stand fast with their mother countrymay wonder at the wisdom of including thefollowing passage:

"The rivalry of (England and France)ended in the British capture of Canada,whose French habitants became as loyalsubjects of our King as the Dutch of SouthAfrica are today. It was the British colon-ists who found reason to rebel and set upthe independent United States."

As one of the characters in "Lady Pre-cious Stream" pointed out—facetiously cor-recting the common statement—"We live,but we do not learn."

Spaniards and Italians are given only afew almost contemptuous words, and ofRussia it is said with a hint of condescen-sion that farm profits are "partly dividedamong the workers and partly spent onsupplying hospitals, schools, amusementsand other things the Government thinksgood for them." Yet the problem of a po-tential enemy in the Far East is thus sym-pathetically summarized:

"The likeness in position between Japanand Britain should be noticed. Each con-sists of a group of islands beside a conti-nent from which it borrowed its earliestcivilisation, and each looks out over a wideocean. But Japan has comp late into promi-nence. There are now no empty regionsof the world to satisfy her needs, and thoseneeds are more pressing than were Eng-land's in the days of her conquests andcolonisation."

Perhaps most British of all is the re-strained prophecy already partially andtragically fulfilled: "At the time of goingto press the boundaries of Czecho-Slovakiaand its adjacent countries are in the processof change." HENRY W. KEYES.

Latin America, A Brief History.Frederick Alexander Kirkpatrick.The Macmillan Company. $3.75.

F. A. Kirkpatrick is Emeritus Reader inSpanish at the University of Cambridge,and is the author of a group of Spanish


books, among them "The Spanish Conquis-tadores," now published in five languages.In this one volume of 456 pages the authorhas given a remarkably complete history ofLatin America. He has divided his bookinto two parts, the first covering the periodfrom the discovery to the gaining of inde-pendence. This relates the conquests bySpain and Brazil and the movementstoward independence in both North andSouth America. The second part dealswith the independent states of Latin Amer-ica, giving the history of each up to date.In his last chapters the author touches uponthe relations of the Latin American stateswith the United States. Either of the twoparts of the book might well have beenexpanded into a full-length history, as theyare so full of vitally interesting and valu-able information. The student should revelin having his data so condensed, but he maywish that the historian had gone more fullyinto the nature and types of the people ofthese intriguing countries. The studentmay also long for more definite documenta-tion and a greater number of the illuminat-ing footnotes so helpful in a work of suchimportance and such timely value. Thebrevity of the work has of necessity madepersonalities little more than names, a factto be regretted in the light of the attractivestyle in which the book is written.The arrangement of the material, itself

so impressively valuable, is excellent, andits presentation incisive and of command-ing interest and fairness. The book leavesthe reader a satisfying sense of its authen-ticity and a belief in the author's completemastery of the controversial elements in-volved, not only at present but such issuesas have arisen in the past fifty years.For a number of years Mr. Kirkpatrick

has worked almost alone in England at theserious study of Latin American history,and has written several interesting bookson the subject.

In his "Latin America" he has given amuch-needed and condensed survey of itspolitical history from the Spanish and Por-tuguese conquests to the present day. Hisbook is one that should be in the possessionof all who wish to be intelligently informedon the past and present political history ofour South American neighbors.

EDNA M. COLMAN.

American Earth. Carleton Beals. J. B.Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.$3.00.

If you would better understand the com-plex problems of land waste and humanwaste in the United States and the under-lying conditions which have brought aboutthis present situation, you will find a read-ing of Carleton Beals' "American Earth"absorbing, informative, distressing, and,withal, stimulating. The book reads likea novel, but, unhappily, it is fact, notfiction.

It is a history of America told in termsof the land and the relationship of thepeople to the land—the Americanizationof an alien civilization, a process three hun-dred years and more old and still develop-ing. In the struggle, Americans: colonists,pioneers, exploiters—have forced drastic,even disastrous changes on the land andin turn the land has forced correspondingchanges in the pattern of American life.So long as the frontier lasted there was anescape, a chance for evasion, mental andphysical, of the problems which faced thepeople. Now with the frontier gone therecan be no further escape or evasion. Wemust face the consequences of the carelessand reckless misuse of our nation's physicalresources.Part Two deals largely with the present

situation. Mr. Beals has traveled the coun-try over, north and south, east and west,and shows us from personal observationsthe conditions in rural areas in varioussections of our country—the victims of theMississippi flood, the plight of the furtrappers of the Louisiana swamps, of thetenant farmers, of the Share-Croppers'Union in the Black Belt, of the Migs (mi-gratory workers of the southwest) —interms of the broken lives of individualswhom he saw and with whom he talked.His conclusion is that any real solution

of their problem must depend on scientificdistribution and use of the soil itself.Other countries, such as Denmark, Sweden,and Holland, have succeeded, againstgreater difficulties than ours, in developingactive, productive, contented societies. Itis not yet too late for us to solve such prob-lems, too.

DOROTHY K. CLEAVELAND.

MRS. JOHN MORRISON KERR, NATIONAL PRESIDENT,

CHILDREN OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

AS the newly-elected National Presidentof the Children of the American Revo-

lution, I greet you. I thank you for yourcooperation in the past and look for yourcontinued support in this most importantwork which is more necessary today thanever before in the history of our Organi-zation.

All national projects which have beensponsored by the National Society, C. A.R., under the able leadership of Mrs. Wil-liam H. Pouch in the last two years will becarried on, and Mrs. Pouch as our Honor-

ary National President will continue heractive work in the Organization which shehas led to such heights during her admin-istration.

Realizing the responsibility I have as-sumed as National President, I pledge my-self to fulfill them to the highest intent;and with the motto of our Organizationever before me, "For God and Country," Itrust we will continue to grow and prosper.

Sincerely,FRANCES WASHINGTON KERR,National President, N. S. C. A. R.

[ 67 ]@.),r0.•

H2V72, IIT2WIE• *

MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL MACOMB CHAPTER INCOLONIAL COSTUMES

Anniversary Celebrations

The General Macomb Chapter, N. S.D. A. R., of Macomb, Illinois, recently par-ticipated in the Northwest Territory sesqui-centennial celebration with a Pioneer Dayobservance. Exhibits of old china, quilts,furniture, war mementoes, and newspaperswere shown in windows of business houses.Many floats of historic character were inthe parade. An interesting feature was theold stage coach owned by Carl Lundberg,which was on exhibition at the ChicagoWorld's Fair. The chapter regent, Mrs.Rupert Simpkins, with other members ofthe chapter dressed in colonial costumesand rode in the stagecoach.

The Koussinoc Chapter, N. S. D. A. R.,of Augusta, Maine, recently celebratedGuest Night with an interesting programentitled "Song and Story of Many Lands."Children of the American Revolution, Jun-ior American Citizens, and a Boy Scoutwore attractive costumes representing the"many lands." A quartet of members ofthe chapter sang American songs.

In celebration of the sesquicentennial ofthe Constitution, the Oneonta Chapter,N. S. D. A. R., of Oneonta, New York, has,since 1937, conducted a constitutional studyclass which had as its objective an inquirynot only into constitutional history but the

reasons therefor. Miss Elbina Bender, deanof women at Hartwick College, has servedas leader of the "Constitution Class."Among the topics studied were: The Articlesof the Confederation; the first deputiesfrom the various states; ratification; theBill of Rights; and the signers of the Con-stitution. The class was recently closedwith a colonial tea which was held in co-operation with all the members of thechapter.

A recent meeting of the Old BostonChapter, N. S. D. A. R., of Boston, Massa-chusetts, celebrated the 93rd birthday anni-versary of one of its members, Miss SerenaFrances Perry of Boston, who is a realgranddaughter of the Revolution. The pro-gram was arranged solely in Miss Perry'shonor and for her entertainment. Thechapter presented her with a bouquet and ahuge birthday cake.

Dedication of Markers

At a recent meeting of the southeasterndistrict conference of Georgia, held inWaycross, the site of the first water millin Ware County, built in 1856 by GeorgeW. Stansell, pioneer settler, was formallymarked; the park surrounding it was dedi-cated to the youth of the county. TheLyman Hall Chapter, N. S. D. A. R.,sponsored the dedication, and Mr. and Mrs.J. W. Johnson were the donors of the sitefor the park.

A marker commemorating the servicesof Count D'Estaing, a gallant Frenchmanwho aided the Colonies in their War forIndependence, was recently unveiled bythe Elijah Clarke Chapter, N. S. D. A. R.,of Athens, Georgia. The marker, of beauti-ful Georgia marble, was secured throughthe cooperation of the Georgia Depart-ment of Natural Resources and StateParks, and was placed by the local chap-ter with the cooperation of the Georgia So-ciety. The marker was dedicated by Mrs.

[68]


Joel A. Wier, regent of the chapter, and asketch of Count D'Estaing was read by MissElizabeth Woods, historian, from which thefollowing excerpt is made:

"In 1774, Louis XVI became King ofFrance and was proclaimed 'Protector ofthe Rights of Mankind.' In the midst ofthe rejoicing over the new reign came newsfrom across the Atlantic that the patriotswere arrayed against the tyrrany of theBritish Crown. Among the French noble-men was Count D'Estaing, who used hisinfluence in persuading Louis to aid theColonists."Jean Baptiste Charles Hector D'Estaing

was born in Auvergne, France. At an earlyage he entered the French Army as a Colo-nel of the Infantry, and was promoted toBrigadier General; in 1777 he became ViceAdmiral of the French Army."In 1778, in accordance with the treaty

between France and the United States,France fitted out a fleet of twelve ships andfour frigates to aid the latter in the struggleagainst Great Britain. D'Estaing was placedin command. He captured some prizes offthe Coast of New Jersey and subsequentlytook from the British St. Vincent, Granada,and the West Indies. Later, he was invit-ed to cooperate with the American Forcesin their efforts to drive the British fromSavannah. The attempt to capture Sa-vannah was ineffectual, and CountD'Estaing, twice wounded, returned toFrance in 1780. Three years later he wasmade Commander of the allied fleets ofFrance and Spain, and in 1792 was chosenAdmiral of the French Navy."In acknowledgment of his services, he

was granted twenty thousand acres of landby the Legislature of Georgia, and was atthe same time 'Admitted to all the privi-leges, liberties, and immunities of a freecitizen of this State.' The grant consistedof four tracts of five thousand acres each."As far as records show, Count D'Estaing

never saw the land that was given to him.It was sold for taxes in 1813 and was pur-chased by Stevens Thomas, John Billups,and John Brown. Stevens Thomas laterbought the claims of Billups and Brown,

[69]

and on March 16, 1816, received a deed tothe entire twenty thousand acres. It is in-teresting to know that Stevens Thomas wasthe great-grandfather of the present regentof the chapter, Mrs. Joel A. Wier.

The General Arthur St. Clair Chap-ter, N. S. D. A. R., of Indianapolis, In-diana, recently dedicated a bronze tablet,honoring its namesake. The tablet waserected in a garden wall niche of the CentralPublic Library. Impressive ceremonies ac-companied the dedication and the unveiling.Concluding the dedication, James C. Mac-Lauchlan, a Scot, played bagpipe airs.

Magazine Subscribers

With the organization of the GeneralDavid Blackshear Chapter, N. S. D.A. R., of Rochelle, Georgia, comes the newsthat more than half of the charter membersare subscribers to the Magazine! Mrs.Henry Mashburn, organizing regent of thischapter, has outlined a list of the chapter,but under strenuous undertakings for herable guidance all this and more will be ac-complished.

4 tCAIn 'AM=

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

THE thirty-eighth annual State Confer-ence of the District of Columbia, Daugh-

ters of the American Revolution, was heldin Memorial Continental Hall on Sunday,March 12, through Tuesday, March 14,1939.The Memorial Service which opened the

Conference was both beautiful and digni-fied, with the State Chaplain, Mrs. Alex-ander Bell, conducting the service. LouisA. Potter, Fellow, American Guild of Or-ganists, and Louis A. Potter, Jr., cellist,rendered appropriate music. Followinginvocation by the Rev. Paul D. Wilbur,S. T. B., Miss Lillian Chenoweth, State Re-gent, paid tribute to the District Daughterswho had died during the year. Ceremonieswere concluded by the benediction by Dr.James Shera Montgomery, Chaplain of theHouse of Representatives, and sounding ofTaps and echo by two members of the Ma-rine Band. The wreath was placed on thegrave of Mrs. Samuel McCrory, formerState historian.

Monday's business session opened with acolorful entrance march, with pages escort-ing National and State Officers to the plat-form where greetings were given by Mrs.Charles Carroll Haig, Vice President Gen-eral, D. A. R.; Mr. Frank Steele, Secretaryand Registrar General, S. A. R.; Mr. Chal-mers Seymour McConnell, President, D. C.S. A. R.; Mr. Charles Colfax Long, Presi-dent, D. C. S. R. • Mrs. James Henry Harper,State President, A. R. • Mrs. C. A. SwannSinclair, State Regent of ?Virginia; and Mrs.Edward G. Harris, State Regent of Cuba.The reports of State officers and State chair-men were interspersed with music by Mrs.Francis Shore, contralto, and Mrs. GuyWithers, soprano, both singers being ac-companied by Mrs. Lois Marshall Hicks.One of the highlights of the Conference wasthe luncheon given by the Chapter Regent'sClub in honor of the State officers and visit-ing officials. At the same hour the eighteenlovely girls who acted as pages were enter-tained at a luncheon by the Conference.

In the afternoon reports of State chair-

men were continued and Mrs. Harry ColfaxGrove reported for the Chapter House Cor-poration and Mrs. Harper for the C. A. R.Selma Last sang.

Regent's Night opened with a concert bythe Marine Band. Escorted by pages theentrance of the State Regent, National andState Officers and sixty Chapter Regents,laden with flowers, marching to the strainsof "Stars and Stripes Forever" was a beau-tiful sight. The invocation was given byDr. Albert Joseph McCartney and thePledge of Allegiance to the Flag was led byMrs. William Leetch. Helen Belt, violinist,accompanied by Alexander Clayton; Max-well Galloway, soprano, accompanied byDorothy Loftus; Winifred Kemp and IrvingFiller of the Marine Band; and Mrs. J.Frank Rice who led the assemblage in groupsinging, furnished the delightful musicwhich interspersed the Regents' reports.Tuesday morning Ann Plain and Kenneth

Kinsella gave the musical part of the pro-gram which included a pageant by theJunior American Citizens, under the direc-tion of Mrs. William Wagner.At the noon hour the Conference ad-

journed to the Washington Cathedral forceremonies incident to the presentation ofa Flag, which was accepted for the Cathedralby the Right Reverend Bishop Freeman.At the afternoon session the presentationof Good Citizenship medals was made byMrs. Haig. A splendid address by Lee R.Pennington, Jr., Administrative Assistant,Federal Bureau of Investigation, on the sub-ject "The F. B. I. and the War on Crime"was followed by a fine program arrangedby Mrs. Claude Cook and presented by theGirl Home Makers. An old spinning wheel,dating back to the 17th century, was pre-sented to the District Room in ContinentalHall by Mrs. Fred Hopkins, through LucyHolcombe Chapter, in memory of Mrs.Elizabeth Chenoweth, mother of the StateRegent.A brilliant evening including music, a

humorous skit, and a banquet at which sixhundred and forty were present, brought toa close the State Conference.

ELLA R. FALES,State Recording Secretary.

[70]


ALABAMA

rilHE forty-first annual conference ofthe Alabama Society, Daughters of the

American Revolution, was held in Birming-ham, March 14 to 16, 1939. The GeneralSumter, Old Elyton, John Parke Custis,William Speer, Pickett, and Princess SehoyChapters of Birmingham, and the JonesValley Chapter of Bessemer, acted ashostesses.Following a luncheon given by the

Princess Sehoy Chapter, in honor of theState Regent, Mrs. E. R. Barnes

' the State

Board of Management met for a brief busi-ness session. At this time the keynote ofthe conference was sounded, to completeour Golden Jubilee Project, the purchase ofthe farm at Kate Duncan Smith School by1940. Later, at the Officers' Club meeting,an acre of ground was bought in memoryof Mrs. Watt T. Brown, a former stateregent.The session Tuesday night was presided

over by the state regent, Mrs. Barnes. Fol-lowing the processional, the greetings fromthe city and other patriotic organizations,the Good Citizenship Girl, Miss Jean Espy,from Gadsden was presented. The mainaddress of the evening was given by Mr.Thomas W. Martin, president of the Ala-bama Power Company. He discussed "TheVine and Olive Colony," which was foundedby the former soldiers of Napoleon at De-mopolis, Alabama. At the close of Mr.Martin's splendid talk a beautiful pano-ramic wallpaper painted in France in 1818,and supposed to depict the life of thecolony, was unveiled. Mr. Martin presentedthis to the Department of Archives and His-tory, of the State of Alabama. It is hopedthat Demopolis will build a museum tohouse this most generous gift. At the closeof the session the hostess chapters enter-tained with an informal reception.Wednesday morning opened with group

breakfasts. The Regents, the Historians,the Chairmen of the Good Citizenship Pil-grimage, and the pages all met for informaldiscussions. The business session was givenover to the reports of the work in the state.The Conference was happy to welcome Mrs.

William H. Schlosser, State Regent of In-diana, who, with the Indiana daughters, isdoing so much for the Kate Duncan SmithSchool. Amid much enthusiasm Mrs.Schlosser reported a gift of five thousanddollars from the Ball Foundation for an-other teacherage.The banquet Wednesday evening was a

Kate Duncan Smith School party, presidedover by Alabama's charming First Lady,Mrs. Frank M. Dixon. The speakers wereMrs. E. R. Barnes, Mrs. William H. Pouch,Mrs. William H. Schlosser, Mrs. LorenEdgar Rex and Mr. Wilson Evans, theprincipal of the school.Mrs. Rex made a most interesting talk

on the American Indian Institute in Wichita,Kansas, at the evening session. Brief re-ports by the chapter regents were given atthis time.

Plans were made, Thursday morning, forthe breaking of ground for the modelFarm House, March 21.A beautiful and impressive memorial

hour, conducted by Mrs. M. J. Bell, statechaplain, closed the forty-first State Con-ference.

EUGENIA OSBURN YEUELL,State Historian.

MINNESOTA

THE forty-fourth Annual Conference ofthe Minnesota Daughters of the Ameri-

can Revolution was held at the LowryHotel in St. Paul on Tuesday, Wednesday,and Thursday, March 14, 15, and 16. Mrs.Floyd W. Bennison of Minneapolis, StateRegent, presided.The St. Paul and Ramsey County D. A. R.

unit was hostess for the conference.The Minnesota Daughters were fortunate

in having as their guest during part of theconference Mrs. Imogen B. Emery, Na-tional Chairman of the Committee on Na-tional Defense Through Patriotic Education.Mrs. Emery was the guest speaker at thebanquet on Wednesday evening, at whichtime she delivered an interesting and in-formative address.On Thursday morning Mrs. Emery con-

ducted a roundtable, which was one of thehighlights of the whole conference for

[72]NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE

two reasons: First, it gave the MinnesotaDaughters an opportunity to appraise theaccomplishments of our hard-working Na-tional Defense chairman; and second, be-cause of Mrs. Emery's able presentation, itmade the listeners realize the fine workwhich our National Society has done andis continuing to do for peace by an educa-tional campaign that is not surpassed byany organization in this country.When this State Conference opened, the

thought uppermost in the minds of thosepresent was whether sufficient funds couldbe raised to complete the purchase of theBishop Whipple Indian collection. Thiscollection represents gifts made to BishopWhipple, during his life, by the Indians ofMinnesota as expressions of appreciationfor his labors among them during his longand devoted Christian life. The early his-tory of Minnesota is so closely linked to thelife of this great and good man, the firstEpiscopal bishop in the state, that the Min-nesota Daughters felt this collection was sovital a part of the development of the statethat it should be kept intact and preservedfor future generations. Miss Grace Long-fellow spoke of Bishop Whipple's work andbefore the close of the meeting on Thurs-day afternoon, the balance needed to payfor this collection had been oversubscribed.

At the opening session in the afternoon,the Honorable William H. Fallon, mayor ofSt. Paul, extended a most cordial welcometo the conference.A business session of the conference was

held on Tuesday evening at which time ourState Chairman of American Music, Mrs.Florence Earle Wichman, presented a pag-eant she had prepared entitled "Century ofProgress in American Music."

Immediately at the close of the morningsession on Wednesday, a beautiful memorialservice was conducted by the State Chaplain,Mrs. J. R. McGiffert, assisted by the StateHistorian, Mrs. H. W. Hurlbut.As the conference closed and the mem-

bers were leaving for their homes, there wasa feeling that this had been one of Minne-sota's outstanding State Conferences. Themany reports and the necessary items ofbusiness were presented and acted uponwith great dispatch. The whole atmosphereof the conference had been one of co-operation and good feeling. The credit for

this belongs to our gracious State Regent,who presided so efficiently.

EVA L. BECK,Reporter.

MAINE

THE annual State Conference of Mainewas held March 15 and 16 at the East-

land Hotel, Portland, Maine, by invitationof Elizabeth Wadsworth Chapter. Mrs.Fred C. Morgan, State Regent, presided.The program featured the music of GeorgeWashington's time.Mrs. Frank Leon Nason, Registrar Gen-

eral, explained the need and the attractiveplans for the history and document room.Mrs. Nason was also guest of honor at abreakfast where she explained the "do's anddon'ts" of a registrar's office. The contribu-tion which she made to the conference wasoutstanding.

Patriotic addresses were given by Rev.Wm. Dawes Veazie and Hon. Oliver L.Hall, Maine State Librarian.

State Chairman of Approved SchoolsMargaret E. McIlroy (also State ViceRegent) presented an unusual programwhen she presented Superintendent Fosterand a group of boys from OpportunityFarm. The boys won the hearts of the audi-ence with their charming personalities andprogram. We wanted to send them one andall to the Continental Congress.Owing to the illness of the regent of the

hostess chapter, Mrs. Edward C. Paine, theVice Regent, Mrs. Edwin S. Cox, made agracious substitute.The conference voted to print and publish

the graves of Revolutionary Soldiersmarked in Maine. This was accepted forthe Golden Jubilee Project for the state.

MRS. HOWARD R. HOUSTON,State Historian.

MARYLAND

ON March 15, 1939, the Maryland Daugh-ters gathered in Baltimore for the open-

ing session of the two-day thirty-fourthMaryland State Conference.


The State Regent presided over all regu-lar sessions with efficiency and dispatch,and the reports given attested to a fine spiritof cooperation and enthusiasm under herable leadership.

Following the opening ceremony of In-vocation, Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag,and singing of the National Anthem, an im-pressive "Patriotic Procession" composedof representatives of the Gilman CountrySchool for Boys, McDonogh School, C. A.R., Girl Home Makers, Junior AmericanCitizens, Junior Groups, Junior Chapter(being organized) , and D. A. R. GoodCitizenship Pilgrimage approached the plat-form where each in turn declared theirpatriotism and pledge of service.In commemoration of the Constitution

Sesquicentennial, Mrs. Arthur Beaven, amember of Maryland's committee, on be-half of the Captain Jeremiah Baker Chap-ter, presented to the State Regent a gavelfashioned from wood from Richard's Oak,in Cecil County, Maryland, under whichLafayette and his soldiers camped on April12, 1781, and under which, during the CivilWar, a detachment of cavalry sought shel-ter. Honorable Howard W. Jackson, mayorof Baltimore, gave• greetings precedingthose greetings by other distinguished mem-bers and guests. Commander Leland P.Layette, United States Navy, addressed theconference on "The Present Naval Pro-gram." Reports by state officers evinced anearnestness of purpose, application to theirrespective duties and untiring effort in thework of the organization. Memorial Serv-ices, the State Chaplain, Mrs. Anthony Bonnpresiding, paid honor to twenty-four mem-bers who had entered into Life Eternal. Adinner attended by members and guestspreceded the evening program which in-cluded addresses by two outstanding speak-ers.The second day's regular sessions were

preceded by an informal breakfast meetingwhen Miss Eleanor Greenwood, NationalChairman, Junior American Citizens, spokeconcerning the formation of Junior Ameri-can Citizens Clubs. The conference re-sumed presentation of reports and conductof business. In celebration of the Con-stitution Sesquicentennial, a handsome rep-lica of the Shrine of the Constitution andframed portraits of all of the signers were

presented by the Maryland State Society tothe Board of Education. A scarlet oak wasplanted on the grounds of the SupremeCourt of the United States with appropriateprogram and other trees planted through-out Maryland in memory of the signersand the mothers of the Maryland signers.The Penny Pine Project exhibit received

a blue ribbon and gold medal award, andten acres of Penny Pines have been sub-scribed to by members and chapters. The"Hodges Papers," six volumes of valuableRevolutionary records, are being typed andindexed for preservation.The conference elected Mrs. H. Frederick

Jones, state editor to fill out the unexpiredterm of Mrs. George Burleigh Moulton, re-signed. Mrs. Moulton presented to theState Society a large scrapbook containingvaluable press clippings which indicateda vast amount of publicity effected duringher office and while serving as NationalVice-Chairman of Press Relations.The conference endorsed the action of

the state legislature in its effort to bringabout the return of the United States FrigateConstellation to Baltimore, its birthplace,and to provide a permanent berth for thatillustrious vessel at Fort McHenry, the sitewhere it inspired the words of the NationalAnthem.

Retirement of Colors concluded a fineMaryland program arranged and so suc-cessfully carried out by the conference com-mittee, Mrs. C. O'Donnell Mackall, chair-man and Mrs. Frank Edmondson, vice-chairman and the conference stood ad-j ourned. NEEL Z. STAN WOOD,

(Mrs. Henry Chapman)State Recording Secretary.

RHODE ISLAND

rr HE forty-fifth Annual State Conferenceof the Rhode Island Daughters of the

American Revolution was held in Provi-dence, March 15 and 16, 1939.The first session of the conference opened

in the afternoon, with a colorful proces-sional. The conference was called to orderby the State Regent, Mrs. John T. Gardner.Following the opening ceremonies, an ad-


dress of welcome was given by the Honor-able John F. Collins, mayor of the City ofProvidence. Greetings were extended byex Vice President General Mrs. Albert L.Calder, 2nd, and ex State Regents Mrs. Ed-ward S. Moulton and Mrs. Philip Caswell.The reports of the state officers and State

chairmen were evidence of the fine workthat had been done in Rhode Island dur-ing the past year. After the retiring of theColors, recess was called until the follow-ing morning.

Thursday at 10:00 a. m. the conferencewas again called to order and the StateRegent conducted the opening ceremonies.The reports of the chapter regents weregiven at the morning session. Later a beau-tiful and impressive memorial service wasconducted by the State Chaplain, Mrs. I.Morton Ferrier.A reception for the State Regent and the

State Officers preceded the afternoon ses-sion. At 2:30 p. m. the conference re-convened for the program of the afternoon.The Honorable William H. Vanderbilt,

governor of the State of Rhode Island sentgreetings and regrets that urgent businessprevented his attending the conference.

Miss Gladys Calladine, State Presidentof the Good Citizenship Pilgrims Club ofRhode Island spoke briefly on the activitiesof the club.A group of harp selections were beauti-

fully rendered by Miss Anita Mills. MissAlice Mary Baxter of Newport, a senior atRogers High School, was presented to theconference as the 1939 Rhode Island Pil-grim. Miss Baxter will be a charming addi-tion to the growing group of Rhode IslandPilgrims.

Miss Charlotte Manchester, State Presi-dent of the S. A. R.—D. A. R. Junior As-sembly and Miss Evelyn F. Adams, JuniorState President of the Children of theAmerican Revolution reported to the con-ference.A group of boys from Hillside School,

Marlboro, Massachusetts, accompanied byMrs. Lemuel Sanford of the school, gave afine program which included solos, groupselections on brass instruments, and sing-ing. The conference voted to send one ofthe Hillside Boys to Washington in April.

After a brief business session and the

singing of "Blest Be The Tie That Binds,"the forty-fifth State Conference was de-clared adjourned.

MARIAN Q. CORDIN,(Mrs. Ernest P.)

State Historian.

TEXAS

THE fortieth Annual State Conference ofthe Texas Daughters of the American

Revolution, honoring past State Regents ofTexas was held on March 15, 16, and 17,in Abilene, Texas. Fourteen chapters, ofDivision One of West Texas, were hostesses.The formal opening of the conference was

Wednesday evening, when our regal leader,Miss Marion Day Mullins, State Regent,preceded by pages, state officers and dis-tinguished guests, took her place upon thebeautifully lighted stage and, at the fall ofher gavel, pronounced the fortieth AnnualConference of the Texas Daughters of theAmerican Revolution in session. Many dis-tinguished guests were present and extendedcordial greetings. The highlight of the eve-ning was the presentation of a check for$2,320.00 to West Texas State TeachersCollege, as a payment on the $5,000 studentloan fund which the Texas Daughters ofthe American Revolution will complete thisyear.Thursday morning from nine o'clock to

eleven were heard splendid reports fromNational Officers, National Chairmen andNational Vice Chairmen. Promptly ateleven was held the beautiful memorialservice for our beloved Daughters who areresting from their earthly tasks.

Thursday afternoon reports and round-table discussions were heard on variousphases of the work. An address, "America'sRendezvous with Destiny," was given byMrs. William Dingus of Texas Technologi-cal College of Lubbock. Dr. C. P. Smith,representing Sul Ross State Teachers Col-lege of Alpine, gave an illustrated lecture onBig Bend Park, which is an outstandingconservation project just now in Texas.As is the custom, Historical Evening was

observed on Thursday evening. Mrs.George T. Spears, State Historian, presided.The history of the Texas Society of the


Daughters of the American Revolution, forthe past forty years, was given in picture-book form with living pictures.

Friday was a day of transacting seriousbusiness including the reports of state offi-cers and state committees, in the morning,with roundtable discussions and pledgingin the afternoon.

Dr. L. A. Woods, State Superintendentof Public Instruction, was the speaker forFriday afternoon. His subject was "Main-taining Our Representative Democracy."

Friday evening was chapter regents eve-ning, at which time reports from all chap-ters were given. While each delegate gavea summary of her chapter's work, she alsostressed some special project in which thatchapter was interested. This gave varietyto the reports and was most interesting.

Saturday morning unfinished businesswas concluded. Appreciation was expressedfor courtesies extended and especially forthe beautiful music that added much to eachprogram.Announcement was made that the forty-

first State Conference of the Texas Societyof the Daughters of the American Revolu-tion will be held March 1940 at the TexasState College for Women, Denton, Texas.With a high note of enthusiasm for the

ongoing of the work of the National andState Societies of the Daughters of theAmerican Revolution, the pleasant andprofitable fortieth Texas State Conferencewas brought to a close while the State Re-gent joined hands with national and stateofficers, and other members, and all joinedin singing "Blest Be the Tie that Binds."

MRS. GEORGE T. SPEARS,State Historian.

MISSISSIPPI

THE Thirty-third Conference of the Mis-sissippi Daughters was held at Green-

ville March 16th, 17th, 18th, with BelvidereChapter as hostess. We were honored bythe presence of Mrs. Charles Carroll Haig,Vice President-General, Mrs. Loren EdgarRex, Chaplain-General, and Mrs. WilliamKennedy Herrin, Jr., Corresponding Secre-tary-General.The Opening of Conference was brilliant

and beautiful. Representatives of the

C. A. R. and Boy Scouts carried the UnitedStates, D. A. R., and C. A. R. Flags. WithGreenville High School Band playing, theProcessional was led by D. A. R. andC. A. R. Pages and local Junior Membersescorting our Good Citizenship-PilgrimageGirl, Catherine Brown. Conference wascalled to order by the State Regent. Mrs.Clive Metcalfe, Regent of the Hostess Chap-ter, presided, introducing the State Regentwho gave a brief address on the Constitu-tion and Magna Charta. Greetings wereextended Conference by Mayor MiltonSmith of Greenville. Mrs. Lotta Armisteadgave the Address of Welcome for Belvidere.Mrs. Nathaniel Hoggatt, Second Vice-Regent, responded. Telegrams were readfrom our President-General, Mrs. Robert,our Vice President-General, Mrs. Belk, theGovernor of Mississippi, Honorable HughWhite and Mrs. White. Greetings fromeight state patriotic organizations werebrought by their Presidents or personalrepresentatives.

During the entire Conference the Na-tional Officers and visiting Regents gaveinteresting and inspirational talks. TheChaplain-General addressed the Conference.An unusual feature of the Conference

was the Emblem Breakfast at which Bel-videre Chapter entertained. It was votedthat the Address of Miss Sue Pelham Trigg,Belvidere Chapter, on the History andSymbolism of our D. A. R. Emblem, bepublished in the Conference Report. TheD. A. R. Cheer Song, composed by Mrs.J. C. Cowan and Mrs. E. W. Francis ofBelvidere Chapter, was sung by localJunior Members and adopted as our StateSong. An address by Mrs. Nellie NugentSomerville on "Our Republic" was in-spiring.At the luncheon with Mrs. John Morson

as Toastmistress the outstanding featurewas a playlet written by Mrs. Harry Ogden,Hon. State Vice-Regent, entitled "Rosalie",charmingly produced in costume by theC. A. R. of Rosedale.Morning and afternoon sessions were de-

voted to reports, all of which were interest-ing, promising greater activity for thecoming year. Mrs. F. D. Brown, Sr., StateHistorian and local Chairman of Restora-tion, interestingly described the recentrestoration of Rosalie. The gift of a gardenplot was reported, to be converted into a


historic garden. Several other gifts were do-nated, including a beautiful and intricatelydesigned hand embossed Memory Book,to be placed at Rosalie. Financial state-ment was made by Mrs. Harry Ogden,Chairman of Rosalie Maintenance of Chap-ter, and personal pledges paid and furtherdonations promised.The Conference Banquet honoring Mrs.

Quin, Mrs. Herrin, and visiting NationalBoard Members was cleverly presided overby Mrs. Hanum Gardner, First Vice-Regent.Many distinguished guests including Dr.Wm. McCain, State Archivist, were intro-duced. Mrs. Herrin introduced the spe-cially invited Legislators who had assistedin securing from the State the appropria-tion of two-thirds of the purchase price forRosalie. This was cleverly described inan original poem, "That Gal, Rosalie",rendered by Mrs. Harry Ogden. Mr. Wm.T. Wynn of Greenville, son of the late Mrs.Wm. T. Wynn, our former State Regent,gave a stirring patriotic address. Amongthe features enjoyed were dances, music,and a talk on Americanism by the winnerof the American Legion Eighth DistrictAward. The Banquet was closed by agroup of songs rendered by Mrs. Haig, VicePresident-General.

Saturday morning the Memorial Servicefor departed members was held. SpecialResolutions of Respect were passed inmemory of Miss Myra Hazard, our lamentedHonorary State Regent and HonoraryCurator-General, who at her passing wasNational Vice-President of the C. A. R.

. The awarding of several prizes was made;resolutions of thanks to our Governor, StateLegislature, Mrs. Herrin and her Board forthe purchase of Rosalie, to Belvidere Chap-ter, Conference Committees, local Commit-tees, Musicians, and all who assisted inmaking our Conference beautiful and in-spiring. The newly elected Officers wereinstalled. The invitation of the NatchezChapter to entertain the 1940 Conferencewas accepted with thanks, and Conferencewas adjourned.

IDAHO

PIONEER Chapter of the Daughters ofthe American Revolution at Boise,

Idaho, was hostess to seventy-six delegates

and eight officers at the twenty-seventh an-nual State Conference held on March 17and 18.

Mrs. W. W. Brothers, State Regentfor Idaho, presided at the meetings of theconference. Mrs. C. W. Purse11, honoraryState Regent and the first regent of PioneerChapter, also the first State Regent ofIdaho, extended greetings from Boise tothe members of the State Conference.One of the most interesting highlights

of the conference was brought by MissMaxine Sower, of Nampa, Idaho, who wasIdaho's 1938 Good Citizenship Girl Pilgrim.Miss Sower gave her impressions and ex-periences of her trip to the ContinentalCongress last April. Miss Ruth Nelson ofBoise, Idaho, a daughter of a member ofPioneer Chapter, D. A. R., Idaho's 1939Girl Pilgrim, was also introduced at thesame meeting.The newly elected officers for the coming

biannum were: Mrs. T. F. Warner of TwinFalls, State Regent; Mrs. Henry Ashcroft ofPayette, Vice Regent; Mrs. Torsen of Lewis-ton, recording secretary; Mrs. Wilbur Hillof Twin Falls, corresponding secretary;Mrs. 0. W. Schroeder of Moscow, treasurer;Miss Mabel C. Gupton of Nampa, registrar;Mrs. E. A. Wheeler of Caldwell, historian;Mrs. Martha S. Rubey of Boise, auditor;Mrs. H. P. Blodgett of Gooding, chaplain,and Mrs. W. C. Furchner, Blackfoot,librarian.

Selection of the 1940 convention city willbe decided by a committee later this year.

IOWA

IOWA Daughters of the American Revo-lution held their fortieth annual StateConference on March 20-21-22, at theHotel Fort Des Moines, Des Moines, Iowa,with three Des Moines Chapters, AbigailAdams, Beacon Hill and Mercy Otis actingas hostesses, and the State Regent, Mrs.Harry E. Narey presiding at all sessions.Mrs. Robert H. S. Johnston served asparliamentarian.The formal opening of the conference

was conducted by the State Regent, Mrs.Narey. The Flag Processional, with thecolor bearer supporting the national colors,


the Iowa State Flag, and the D. A. R. Flagwas a colorful prelude to each session.Dr. William Petersen of the Research

Department, State Historical Society ofIowa was the first speaker of the afternoon.His address was followed by the reportsof Board of Management, Standing RulesCommittee, State Officers and District Chair-men.On Monday evening the Iowa Society en-

tertained at dinner the Sons of the Ameri-can Revolution, and its Good CitizenshipPilgrims of the past five years. Mrs. MaxMayer, director of the Jewish CommunityCenter, was the speaker and addressed theconference on "Palestine, Past and Present."On Tuesday morning Mrs. Imogene B.

Emery was named honorary State Regentof Iowa. During the noon recess the PastOfficers Club gave a luncheon in the loungeat which Mrs. Robert, Mrs. Campbell andMrs. Emery were honored guests. Thebrief business session was presided over byMrs. Clyde E. Brenton, and new officerswere named for 1939 and 1940.When the conference convened at 1:45,

the President General, Mrs. Robert, wasintroduced, and report of resolutions com-mittee was given by Mrs. J. E. Fitzgerald,of Sioux City. Mrs. H. C. Houghton, Jr., ofRed Oak, Iowa's director of the GeneralFederation of Women's Clubs, addressedan audience of five hundred members andguests on "Builders."

Preceding the evening session the annualbanquet was held in the large ballroom,presided over by the State Regent, Mrs.Narey. The highlight of the evening camewhen Mrs. Robert addressed the companyon "Educational Defenses."The conference convened on Wednesday

at 9:00 a. m. Mrs. Emery, National Chair-man of the D. A. R. Committee on NationalDefense through Patriotic Education spoke.At 11:30 a. m. the conference paused toconduct a memorial service in memory ofthose who had passed on within the pastyear. Mrs. Othel Kendall, State Chaplain,presided and special tribute was paid toMrs. Drayton W. Bushnell, Honorary VicePresident General, Mrs. Seth Thomas, StateVice-Regent and Mrs. Alice Bailey Gorst,charter member of Abigail Adams. Thefinal business sessions were occupied with

election of officers, final reports of resolu-tions committees and reports of chapter re-gents.The conference will return to Des Moines

in 1940.A fine spirit of enthusiasm and coopera-

tion marked this fortieth Annual State Con-ference of Iowa which adjourned followingthe retiring of the colors and singing of"God Be With You Till We Meet Again."

(Mrs. John A.) GLADYS S. HALL,State Historian.

MASSACHUSETTS

fr WO beautiful days, with just a hint ofspring in the bright sunshine, greeted

the Massachusetts Daughters, who as-sembled at the Copley-Plaza Hotel, in his-toric Copley Square, Boston, to attend theforty-fifth State Conference on Wednesdayand Thursday, March 22 and 23, 1939.

Following the usual dignified entrance ofthe state officers and distinguished guests,escorted by the color-bearers and Pages, theState Regent, Miss Ethel Lane Hersey, whopresided at all sessions, called the meetingto order. Miss Hersey extended a welcometo the gathering, the largest in many years,which numbered nearly nine hundredDaughters and their guests. Good Citizen-ship Pilgrims filled the balcony, as specialguests of the Daughters. Following a briefword of greeting from Mrs. Frank L. Nason,Registrar-General, the State Regent pre-sented her first annual report, which was aconcise account of her many activities.The conference was honored by the ar-

rival of the Mayor of Boston, Hon. MauriceJ. Tobin, who brought the greetings of thecity. The reports of state officers showedmuch real work accomplished in all lines.

Following recess for luncheon, the after-noon meeting opened with a beautifulmemorial service for those Daughters whohave passed on during the last year. Three-minute reports of State Chairmen provedthat chapters are working steadily in oneline of work, or another, to make a fine totalof accomplishments. During the afternoon,two recommendations were adopted: 1—that Massachusetts' share in the Golden


Jubilee Project of the National Society, thebuilding of the new document room, to beraised by gifts from the chapters; and 2—that a drive for new members of the organi-zation be undertaken, under the directionof the state officers.

After the usual colorful reception to stateofficers and guests, members enjoyed thebanquet which followed. The State Regentwas a capable toastmistress, as she intro-duced her guests. "Alexander Hamilton,the Genius of American Politics" was thesubject of the biographical sketch given bythe speaker of the evening, Mr. Melville C.Freeman, head of the History Department,High School of Practical Arts in Boston.The second morning session was opened

at 9:30 a. m. Thursday, in the usual man-ner. After further reports of State Chair-men, Mrs. G. Loring Briggs, State Chair-man, National Historical Magazine Com-mittee, awarded a prize to Col. ThomasGardner Chapter for having the largestnumber of subscribers in proportion to itsmembership. Following the report of Mrs.Fred J. Clarke, State Chairman of Ap-proved Schools, Dr. Chester S. McGown,President, American International College,expressed his appreciation for the help andsupport of the Daughters. A gift of moneyfor a beautiful desk from chapter regentsin the state was announced by Mrs. Jack-son, Chairman of the House Committee, foruse at State headquarters.Following the adoption of the customary

courtesy resolutions and the reading of theminutes by the secretary, Mrs. Daniels, theretirement of the colors brought adjourn-ment to another inspiring conference.

RUTH D. MERRIAM,State Historian.

WISCONSIN

THE Wisconsin State Conference held itsforty-third annual State Meeting in

Wausau, March 26, 27 and 28, 1939.At ten-thirty o'clock, a band struck up

the processional in the ballroom of theHotel Wausau and the conference was calledto order by the State Regent, Mrs. HelenKimberly Stuart. After greetings from dis-tinguished guests, Mrs. Stuart read her

message as State Regent, stressing the factthat the changes made during her term ofoffice were possible because of the help ofall the members in the state. She outlinedthe six-point program accomplished duringher regime, and spoke of the innovation sodeeply appreciated throughout the state—the publishing and sending out of eighteenissues of her News Letter to every Wiscon-sin Daughter at her own expense.At this time, Mrs. William H. Cudworth,

State Vice-Regent, took over the gavel andpresided at the remaining business sessions.At the afternoon session, Miss Jocelyn

Knight, Vice-President of the N. S. C. A. R.in Wisconsin, gave her report of the finework done by their organization. Mrs. Vin-cent W. Koch, State Historian, gave herreport on the project of purchasing andrestoring the surgeons' quarters at Old FortWinnebago, Portage. The completion ofthe purchase of the property at a cost of$1,000.00 was reported. Mrs. Campbelltold of the needs of the southern approvedschools and made a strong plea for supportof the $10,000 fund to be raised for a newlibrary at Northland College, Wisconsin'sown approved school. Mrs. Averill told ofthe wonderful 200 per cent increase sincelast year in candidates for the Good Citizen-ship Pilgrimage.In the late afternoon, the lovely memorial

service, arranged by Mrs. Louis A. Pradt,State Chaplain, was held in the First Uni-versalist Church, with beautiful organ andchoral music.

In the evening, the State Conference din-ner was held in the ballroom of the HotelWausau. An outstanding address on "CanDemocracy Survive" was given by WilliamDavid Saltiel of Chicago.The State song, "Star of Wisconsin," was

beautifully sung at the opening of the Tues-day morning session. The conference votedon amendments to the by-laws, creating theoffice of State Second Vice-Regent, and thepayment by voting members of a registra-tion fee of $1.00 at future State Conferences.

Mrs. Duxbury gave a splendid address onthe historical work of the Society, butwarned chapters against confining their in-terests to any one line of work. Mrs. LeslieE. Pease, State Chairman of Student LoanFund reported eight new loans made sinceMarch, 1938.


The conference elected Mrs. Stuart, Hon-orary State Regent and endorsed her as acandidate for Vice-President General fromWisconsin. With this gesture of apprecia-tion for Mrs. Stuart's fine work during herregency, the business of the conference wasat an end.As those attending the conference left for

their several destinations, beams of theNorthern Lights illumined the sky, just asthe inspiration and influence of the confer-ence were radiating from Wausau to thefour corners of the earth. Those goingforth from the forty-third Annual StateConference were symbols of change assurely as the Northern Lights in the star-spangled sky.

ARDELIA OLDEN KOCH,State Historian.

SOUTH CAROLINA

THE South Carolina Society Daughtersof the American Revolution held its

forty-third Annual State Conference inSpartanburg March 27, 28 and 29, withCowpens and Kate Barry Chapters as host-esses. The State Conference was quitenotable for the unusual number of distin-guished guests.The memorial services were held for de-

parted members. Mrs. Howard B. V. Car-lisle, regent of Cowpens chapter, was host-ess later at a reception honoring Mrs. HenryM. Robert, Jr., President General of theN. S. D. A. R., and other distinguishedguests.The South Carolina dinner was given

Monday evening. Mrs. Jesse Willson, gen-eral chairman, presided. She introducedMrs. John Logan Marshall, State Regent,who presented the President General. Mrs.David E. Barnett, state chairman of Ameri-can Music, was in charge of the program onAmerican Music, which featured SouthCarolina composers. Mrs. H. C. McCainsang "A Banner Needs a Breeze," the wordsof which were composed by Mrs. JohnLogan Marshall, and the music by Mrs.McCain.The formal opening of the conference

took place in the Converse College audi-

torium at 8:30 that evening. Mrs. H. B.Carlisle welcomed the conference and mostgraciously presented the golden key to thecity of Spartanburg to Mrs. Henry M. Rob-ert, Jr., President General N. S. D. A. R.Mrs. William S. Allan, State Vice-regent,gave the response.The first business session of conference

was called to order Tuesday morning byMrs. John Logan Marshall, State Regent.Mrs. Marshall presented all of the distin-guished guests, following which the stateofficers reported, showing the S. C. ValleyForge Bell paid for, the sum being $1650;the holding of the six district meetings dur-ing the year, each well attended; the S. C.D. A. R. giving more than $4056 to Tamas-see; good membership; many records com-piled; and a splendid traveling library inuse.Mrs. Marshall reported her year's work

as State Regent. Mrs. Mauldin, state chair-man of the NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGA-ZINE, told of the splendid publication it hadgrown to be and urged the members to sendin more subscriptions. Miss Lola Wilsongave an excellent report of the work of theS. C. Children of the American Revolution.Reporting for Tamassee board, Mrs. F. H.H. Calhoun outlined tentative plans for ex-pansion of the school, that the childrenmight be cared for properly. Mrs. W. W.Holland of the Legion Auxiliary made acontribution toward a heating plant.

Tuesday afternoon the conference wascalled to order by Mrs. Marshall. A round-table discussion was led by Mrs. Henry M.Robert, Jr., President General, whichproved unusually interesting.Tuesday evening a candlelight dinner

complimenting all chapter regents of theS. C. D. A. R. was held, a courtesy of Cow-pens and Kate Barry chapters. Presenta-tion of all awards offered through the S. C.D. A. R. were made.The final business session was given over

to reports of State Chairmen, which wereexcellent; reports of conference commit-tees; recommendations of state officers.Mrs. Robert Moultrie Bratton, on behalf ofthe S. C. D. A. R., presented Mrs. JohnLogan Marshall a beautiful silver waterpitcher and six goblets with the love of the


South Carolina Daughters, in appreciationof her splendid service during the past threeyears. Officers for the ensuing three yearswere elected.On Monday, Mrs. Henry M. Robert, Jr.,

President General N. S. D. A. R., gave amost interesting radio address, her subjectbeing "Mothers of the Constitution." Asfar as it is known, Mrs. Robert is the firstto handle this subject, and it was quitetimely, as the celebration of the one hun-dred and fiftieth anniversary of the ratifi-cation of the Constitution of the UnitedStates will close on April 30.

MRS. ROBERT KING,State Chairman of Press Relations.

KANSAS

MORE than two hundred Daughters ofthe American Revolution met March

29, 30, and 31 in Newton for their forty-firstAnnual State Conference. Miss MarionSeelye, State Regent, presided at all ses-sions.

Mrs. Walter Foltz was the local chairmanfor the outstanding event of the conferencewhich was the banquet in the Hotel Ripley,March 30. The National Defense Chair-man, Mrs. Imogen Emery, was the guestspeaker. She used the conference themeof "Bells" for her subject. She made a pleafor the D. A. R. to be well informed onNational affairs. She urged them to becrusaders and work with our youth to keepthe bells of democracy ever ringing. Theprograms were silver bells on a blue-covered booklet. Tiny jugs of Newtonwater, resting on a beautiful blue fringednapkin, were given as favors. The musicfor this occasion was furnished by the New-ton school children under the direction ofMiss Helen Stith. American folk songs weresung and acted out. The Spirit of '76, theFederal and Confederate troops dressed inthe period of the 'sixties, appeared andsang "Yankee Doodle" and "Dixie:" thenAbe Lincoln appeared, and the North andSouth joined hands. Many songs were sungto show the advancement of Americanmusic. It was a sight never to be forgotten

to see American history unfolded on thestage by Newton youth.

Mrs. A. J. Berger, Arkansas City, ViceRegent of Kansas and chairman of ValleyForge Bells reported the Kansas bells arenow ringing at Valley Forge because theyhave been paid for this year.Two hundred attended the Thursday

luncheon. Mrs. A. W. Geiger was hostessin the absence of her mother, Mrs. Moores-head, at their beautiful home, Moorlands,at dinner for the state officers, March 29. Atthe same hour a dinner for the state chair-men was given at the Ripley Hotel. Ateight o'clock the conference and guestsgathered in the Lindley High School hall tosee a student play and to hear Dr. ClaudeFlory of McPherson College. Mr. WalterReese and Mrs. Lenard Nelson were incharge of the music. The orchestra playedpatriotic airs. At 10:30, all membersgathered in the Ripley Hotel for a coffeehour. Mrs. A. J. Wheeler was the commit-tee chairman for this lovely social hour.The Kansas Daughters deeply mourn the

loss of fifty-one of their members by deathlast year. A memorial service was held theafternoon of March 30. The State Chaplain,Mrs. W. T. Chaney and the local chairman,Mrs. M. D. McKee, were in charge. Mrs.F. H. Dickenson, State Registrar, read thenames, as the pages placed a lily in thetall vases for each departed member. Spe-cial tribute was paid three women who hadbeen State and National officers, our belovedMrs. George T. Guernsey, Honorary Presi-dent General, Mrs. W. E. Stanley, past VicePresident General, and Mrs. C. F. Adams,past State Auditor. The Newton ChapterRegent, Mrs. J. B. Hefllefinger, presented amarker from her chapter to Mr. and Mrs.John C. Reese for the grave of their daugh-ter, Mrs. Jeanne Reese Mayberry. Mrs.Harry Kettler sang two solos and Miss RuthRegier gave an organ number.

Regents and chairmen gave their reportsthe thirty-first.

Miss Seelye, State Regent, thanked all forthe successful conference and announcedthat the forty-second conference would meetin Topeka in March, 1940.

(Mrs. John C.) CORNIS REESE,Reporter.


MICHIGAN

rr HE thirty-ninth Annual Conference ofthe Michigan Society of the Daughters

of the American Revolution has becomehistory, but the memory will linger longin the minds of the nearly two hundred whoattended any or all of the three-day ses-sion, March 29-31, at the Bancroft House,Saginaw.The State Regent, Mrs. Bessie Howe

Geagley, presided at all meetings, with theexception of Thursday p. m., when chapterregents' reports were presented before thestate Vice-Regent, Mrs. Osmond D. Heaven-rich. Mrs. Alfred W. Norris of SaginawChapter was general chairman and otherhostess chapters were from Bay City, MountPleasant, Midland, and Alma-Ithaca.Prominent speakers were heard Wednes-

day and Thursday evenings. Roy Golze,winner of the patriotic award, told the storyof "The Stars In Our Flag."

Subscription breakfasts, luncheons, andparliamentary law classes filled in everymoment, so one barely had time to see thefine display of handiwork from the ap-proved schools, under the supervision ofMiss Harriet Simons; the Indian basketryexhibited by Miss Gwinn, in charge ofIndian work in the state; the exhibit ofhistoric buildings in Michigan; and thesplendid display of scrapbooks showing theyear's work of the chapter press chairmen.On Wednesday, a deeply impressive twi-

light vesper memorial service for Daughterswho had passed away during the year wasconducted by the State Chaplain, Mrs. A. L.Nichols.

Impressive and inspiring music filled thesplendid programs. The Chevrolet Octet

stirred everyone deeply with its renditionof Irving Berlin's "God Bless America."Hardin Van Deursen, of the University ofMichigan School of Music, sang severalnumbers at the banquet. Grove Patterson,editor of the Toledo Blade, in his addresson "American Education For What?"Thursday evening at the banquet, said hewas deeply impressed by the work of theD. A. R. and challenged the organization tohelp carry out his three points:

1—education for a real understanding ofhumanity;2—for a new social democracy;3—for the spiritual direction of democ-

racy.Friday, one hundred and twenty-five

senior girls from high schools throughoutthe state were honored as Good CitizenshipPilgrims with Mrs. Curtis T. Wolf ord incharge.

Important changes in the by-laws werevoted in order to add a second vice regentto the board. Instead of "Year Book' wewill have "Proceedings of the Thirty-ninthState Conference." Chapter group meetingsabout the state in the fall are to be arrangedto establish better contacts.

Mrs. Joy endorsed Mrs. Geagley, StateRegent, for the office of Vice President Gen-eral for 1940.

Junior groups added much to the atmos-phere of the splendid conference. Awardsfor outstanding work among Juniors weregiven two members of Louisa St. Clairchapter of Detroit; Mrs. Ralph E. Wisnerreceiving a gold bar pin, and Miss MarionBrooke a silver loving cup.Mrs. Donald K. Moore, American Music

chairman, spoke at the Friday afternoonsession closing a most inspiring conference.

Avis L. THOMPSON,Chairman, Press Relations.

IMPORTANT NOTICE

The National Society will celebrate its day at the World's Fair in New York

on Flag Day, Wednesday, June 14. Details as to the time and place are in the

hands of the State Regents, and all Daughters are invited to attend.

4- tommatnim aL)CMV2, 3110S10151 TiGeGMR.85

THE material presented to you eachmonth in this department is carefully

prepared by the Editorial Committee of theMotion Picture Preview Committee. Thislatter group consists at present of thirtymembers chosen from Chapters in NewYork City and vicinity.The group is so divided that at least three

members attend each screening and thensubmit their reviews of the picture to theEditorial Committee. Comments are madeunder the following classifications—enter-tainment, ethics, artistry, educational andpictorial values, story development andaudience suitability.

All members attend a monthly motionpicture study class under a competent in-structor. They realize that to keep abreastof a changing and developing screen con-stant study and reading of the subject isnecessary.The Editorial Committee has at present

seven members selected for their interestin motion pictures and their ability andexperience in analyzing them. They meettwice a month to read over all reviews sub-mitted and to write the consensus of opin-ion of the reviewers. The members of theEditorial Committee are: Mrs. LeRoyMontgomery, Chairman, Mrs. J. W. Cooper,Miss Edith Ford, Mrs. Leon Gibson, Mrs.0.W. Holmes, Mrs. Leon McIntire, andMrs. Lola Taussig.Some of the best of the pictures made

during the last few years are to be reissuedduring the summer. Among them areMUTINY ON THE BOUNTY, SAN FRANCISCO,

DAVID COPPERFIELD and SWEETHEARTS. It

is hoped that there will be a reissue of THEPRESIDENT VANISHES, one of Walter Wan-ger's fine productions, for it would be astimely now as when it was first made.

The following pictures are listed as suit-able for type of audience indicated, andthe synopsis is given to aid you in selectingyour motion picture entertainment.

Audience classifications are as follows:"Adults," 18 years and up; "YoungPeople," 15 to 18 years; "Family," allages; "Junior Matinee," suitable for aspecial children's showing.

EAST SIDE OF HEAVEN (Universal)Joan Blondell, Bing Crosby, Mischa Auer,Irene Hervey.

An entertaining comedy-romance between a"Cruising Troubadour" and a telephone operator.Sympathetic direction, enjoyable music and anadorable baby, who steals each scene in whichhe appears, are the high points of a delightfulpicture. Comedy and human interest abound inan enjoyable story, excellently acted by a finecast. Family.

HERITAGE OF THE DESERT(Paramount)Evelyn Venable, Donald Woods.

An out-of-the-ordinary Western with a fastmoving action adventure tale, expert photographyof beautiful outdoor scenes and an appealingromance. Family.

IT'S A WONDERFUL WORLD (MGM)Claudette Colbert, James Stewart, Guy Kib-bee, Ernest Truex.

A detective mystery in which pleasant romanceand gay comedy situations help to make lightentertainment of a delightful type. W. S. VanDyke who directed "The Thin Man" has missedno opportunity for hilarious comedy. Adults andyoung people.

THE JONES FAMILY IN HOLLYWOOD(20th Century-Fox)Jed Prouty, Spring Byington, Ken Howell,June Carlson.

When Mr. Jones is elected to represent theMaryville Post at the American Legion Conven-tion in Hollywood, he decides to take his familyand travel by trailer. Their experiences in thestudios, Mr. Jones' part in Legion parades downHollywood Boulevard and the final return of thefamily to their home town are all part of a de-lightfully amusing story of family life with acommendable undercurrent of seriousness. Family.

MAN OF CONQUEST (Republic)Richard Dix, Edward Ellis, Gail Patrick.

An historical and romantic biography of thrill-ing episodes in the life of Sam Houston which

[82]


include his great friendship for Andrew Jackson,his services in the Battle of New Orleans, hisfight to help his Indian friends retain their lands,the famous Battle of the Alamo and the greatpart he played in freeing Texas from Mexico,making it an independent state and bringing itinto the Union. Family.

ONLY ANGELS HAVE WINGS(Columbia)Cary Grant, Jean Arthur, Richard Barthel.

mess.A romantic melodrama of aviation with its

background in Chile where a group of well.seasoned pilots fly over the Andes through fineweather and bad carrying on their regular com-mercial air-transport service. Good. Family.

THE OUTSIDER(Alliance Films—British)Mary Maguire, George Sanders, Peter Mur-ray Hill, Frederick Leister.

The humane work of the scientist who is nota registered physician is emphasized in this storyof the cure of a crippled girl by "an outsider."It is reminiscent of "The Citadel" and "TheStory of Louis Pasteur" in its comments on therigidly academic attitude of the medical profes-sion. Adults and young people.

MARION LEE MONTGOMERY,(Mrs. LeRoy Montgomery) ,

National Chairman,Motion Picture Committee.

Report of Junior AmericanCitizens Committee

AND so, the forty-eighth Continental Con-gress has come and gone, and its in-

spiration lingers with us. We are thrilledwith the reports of the many committeesas they have been given, becoming moreand more impressed with the tremendousscope and achievements of our NationalSociety.To those who were unable to attend the

Congress, now is the time to report theachievements of the Junior American Citi-zens Clubs. The aim of the National Chair-man was that we might have 100,000

members this year. Last year 81,417 wereregistered with the National Society at thetime of Congress, with a total of 2,370clubs. This year, at the Congress, theNational Chairman, with a song in herheart, reported a total of 117,316 members,and 3,254 clubs, giving a net gain of 884clubs and 35,899 members. Thus do we•see how the interest in the work is gaining,and how the Daughters are aroused to theneed of this work with all the youth ofour land.The particular incentive may perhaps lie

in the fact that the clubs are formed of allboys and girls, regardless of race, creed,or color, and in every city and town andhamlet. The local chapter, sponsoring theclub work, stands as the link between itand the National Society, encouraging themembers by words of praise and com-mendation, by interest in what the clubsare doing or want to do, and by presentingthem with flags or posters, as an expres-sion of their cooperation and belief in theclub work.From practically every state in the Union

have come to the National Chairman storiesof work which the clubs are doing, and thevaried interest of the members is interestingto note. One club is a harmonica club, forinstance; another is a safety patrol, stillanother is a stamp club where the mem-bers study the lives of the men whoseimages appear on the stamps. Still otherclubs are studying town, state and nationalgovernment, visit Americanization courts,prepare dolls, scrapbooks and toys forcrippled children and for children's hos-pitals. Other clubs present pageants, plays,and write songs. Then we hear of clubsamong the underprivileged—how they havebrought up the standards of living in theircommunities through the ideals of the clubwork. Clubs have presented delightfulradio programs of original songs, essaysand poems, as fine as any juvenile programwhich a station can broadcast.When one realizes the scope of the club

work with Junior American Citizens, oneis immediately enthused and eager to pushit. At the Mayflower Hotel, on April 19,a special breakfast was held with morethan 250 in attendance—women eager toknow what was being done in the country,and eager, also, to go forth among the youth

[84]

of the land to do their share in this greatwork.

Prizes were offered at the breakfast forvarious accomplishments by the states, andthe following were given:For the largest net gain in clubs, $10

went to Mrs. S. L. Smith, State Chairmanof North Carolina; $5 to Mrs. EugeneCrutcher of Tennessee and $3 to Mrs.Ralph B. Summers of Arizona. Honorablemention went to South Carolina, Arkansas,and Massachusetts.For the largest net gain in members, $10

went to Mrs. S. L. Smith of North Caro-lina; $5 to Mrs. Eugene Crutcher of Ten-nessee, and $3 to Mrs. Thomas F. Shortof Arkansas. Honorable mention wentto South Carolina, Arizona and Massa-chusetts.For the Chapter sponsoring the largest

number of clubs, Betsy Ross Chapter ofMassachusetts received $10; Major Gen-eral Robert Howe, North Carolina, received$5, and $3 went to Sophie De MarsacCampen Chapter of Michigan. Honorablemention went to Columbia Chapter, SouthCarolina; Colonel Arthur Erwin Chapter,Florida; Pocahontas Chapter, Texas, andHenry Dawson, Kansas.For the Chapter sponsoring the largest

number of members, new and old, $10 wentto Queen Alliquippa Chapter, Pennsyl-vania; $5 to Major General Robert Howe,North Carolina, and $3 to Betsy Ross Chap-ter, Massachusetts. Honorable mentionwent to Sophie De Marsac Campen Chap-ter, Michigan; John McKnitt Alexander,Texas; Columbia Chapter, South Carolina,and Fort Vasquez, Colorado.Ten dollars was also given California for

outstanding club work, $5 to South Caro-lina, and $3 to Colorado, with honorablemention for Massachusetts, Virginia, NorthCarolina, Tennessee, Kansas, Michigan,Pennsylvania, Maine, Texas, Florida, Ari-zona, Arkansas and Iowa.

Let us go forward another year, eager,alive, alert to our responsibility towardJunior American Citizens, our own boysand girls of this vast land, and bring themALL under the guidance of this club work.

ELEANOR GREENWOOD,National Chairman,

Junior American Citizens Committee.


Advancement of AmericanMusic

rrr C:t

Through the Year with American Music

WHEN one mentions the month of Julyone's mind instinctively travels for-

ward four days, to the anniversary of thebirth of our independent nation. Thereare quite a number of compositions suitedfor use on this patriotic occasion. Amongthese is the famous Liberty Bell Marchfor piano, by John Philip Sousa; and vari-ous other musical expressions of freedom.In one chorus, the country is spoken of asthe Bride of Freedom.

Because July Fourth is a great picnicday, music depicting forests and glenswhere such scenes are laid, would be mostappropriate for a mid-summer program.It is also a time for the children to visitthe Zoo and this phase of holiday activityhas been vividly portrayed in music by aprominent contemporary American com-poser.Music from the pen of those born in

July is rather interesting and the com-posers themselves, outstanding. On thelist are several university professors whoare also composers and a concert pianist-composer. Probably the July composermost widely known is the American songwriter, Stephen Collins Foster, who wasborn in Pittsburgh, Pa., on IndependenceDay, 1826. His folksong type of musicswept the country. On the opening pageof the booklet of the Stephen Foster Me-morial of the University of Pittsburgh, thededication committee refer to this com-poser as one "whose melodies have becomethe heart songs of the American people."Be this as it may, we did not have anothercomposer until Ethelbert Nevin (1862-1901) , who was such a master in thesmaller musical form. The music of bothmen is enjoyed and not easily forgotten,because of its melody, rather than its great-ness.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE [ 85]

In keeping with the season, music in-spired by "just a summer's day with cloudsadrift in the sky" would be quite suitablefor a July program and help to round outthe musical possibilities for the month.And so with Ernest Charles, we sing:

I. SEASONAL MUSICPianoMid-Summer (A. P. Schmidt Co.)

Summer Elliot Griffis(Composers Press, Inc.)

Solo—voiceDown in the Glen (Composers Press, Inc.)

Summer Afternoon (G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Clouds (G. Schirmer, Inc.)

ViolinDance Rustique Franz Bornschein(Carl Fischer, Inc.)

Summer Idyl, Op. 21, No. 2 Cecil Burleigh(G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Women's ChorusOne Summer Day Mrs. H. H. A. Beach(A. P. Schmidt Co.)

The Fairy Ring Mabel Daniels(A. P. Schmidt Co.)

II. OCCASIONAL MUSIC—INDEPENDENCE DAYPiano

Polonaise Americaine John Alden Carpenter(G. Schirmer, Inc.)

At the Zoo A. Walter Kramer(G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Liberty Bell March John Philip Sousa(John Church Co.)

ChorusFreedom's Bride (A. P. Schmidt Co.)

For the State (Presbyterian Hymnal)

Violoncello and PianoA Silhouette, Op. 21, No. 1 (G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Women's VoicesSong of Liberty (A. P. Schmidt Co.)

III. MUSIC BY COMPOSERS BORN IN JULYSonatina for Organ (Paraphrase by John Tasker Howard)(G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Jeannie With the Light Brown Hair—for Solo—Voice (J. Fischer & Bro.)

Now With the Sun's Declining Ray—for Organ (The H. W. Gray Co.)

Three Miniatures, Op. 27, for Piano (G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Two Florentine Sketches, for Piano (G. Schirmer, Inc.)

Victory Ball (Victor Record 1127-8)

Clouds adrift in the summer skyResemble Life, as they wander by.Whence they come and whither they goWe often wonder but never know;

Part of the infinite, shall we say,Part of the moment we call today.

Edward MacDowell

Ethel Glenn Hier

Amy Worth

Ernest Charles

Hamilton C. MacDougall

Lowell Mason

Daniel Gregory Mason

Mrs. H. H. A. Beach

Stephen Collins Foster(July 4, 1826)

S. C. Foster

Bruce Simonds(July 5, 1895)Arne Oldberg(July 12, 1874)Lee M. Pattison(July 22, 1890)Ernest Schelling(July 26, 1876)

JANET CUTLER MEAD,National Chairman, Advancement of

American Music Committee.

JuniorJunior D. A. R. Assembly

THE third annual JuniorD. A. R. Assembly was

held on Tuesday, April 18,1939, in Memorial Conti-nental Hall. Mrs. George D.Schermerhorn, OrganizingSecretary General and Na-tional Chairman of JuniorMembership, called the meet-ing to order. Followingthe opening exercises andgreetings to the assembledJuniors and guests,Mrs. Schermerhornintroduced MissDorothy Evans, ofOak Park, Illinois,Chairman of the 1939 Junior Assembly,who presided over the Assembly.The Juniors were honored by the pres-

ence of the President General, Mrs. HenryM. Robert, Jr., and two Honorary Presi-dents General, Mrs. William RussellMagna and Mrs. William A. Becker, allof whom extended greetings. Mrs. WilliamH. Pouch, the Past National Director andHonorary Advisor to the Junior Assembly,also greeted the Juniors.

Reports were read by the 1939 Assemblyofficers and committee chairmen. Two-minute talks on Junior activities weregiven by a number of Juniors from differ-ent sections of the country.The recommendation of the Helen Pouch

Memorial Scholarship Fund for ApprovedSchools Committee, sponsored by theJunior Groups and the Junior Assembly,that a $100 scholarship be given to Tamas-see and Kate Duncan Smith Schools eachyear, and that a third scholarship of $100be given a different Approved School eachyear, was adopted. The third scholarshipthis year is to go to Northland College.Pledges of nearly $150 were made to thefund for the 1940 scholarships.The following resolutions were presented

by the Resolutions Committee and adopted:1. That Junior Groups undertake an ex-

tensive study of the Constitution of theUnited States and the Constitution and

JUNIOR MEMBERSHIPDAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

MembershipBy-laws of the N. S. D. A. R.2. That Junior Groups

sponsor and assist in theorganizing of state and localsocieties of the Children ofthe American Revolution.

3. That the 1939 JuniorD. A. R. Assembly expressto Mrs. Frances ParkinsonKeyes, editor of the NA-TIONAL HISTORICAL MAGA-

ZINE, its sincere apprecia-tion of her courtesy andgenerosity.

4. That the 1939Junior D. A. R. As-sembly express toMrs. George D.Schermerhorn, Or-

ganizing Secretary General and NationalChairman of Junior Membership, its sin-cere thanks and appreciation.5. That the 1939 Junior D. A. R. As-

sembly express to the President General,Mrs. Henry M. Robert, Jr., and the Na-tional Board of Management, its sincereappreciation and gratitude for their manycourtesies.The following recommendations were

presented and adopted:1. That the editing of the news sheet

"Echoes of Junior D. A. R.'s" be con-tinued.

2. That the name of the news sheet bechanged from "Echoes of Junior D. A. R.'s"to "Echoes from Junior D. A. R.'s."

3. That the exhibits booth be continued.4. That the coca cola booth be con-

tinued.The Nominating Committee presented

the following names for officers of the 1940Junior D. A. R. Assembly, and they weredeclared elected:Chairman—Miss Thelma Brown, 214 S.

Clinton Street, Olean, New York.Vice Chairmen—Mrs. Joyce Wallace,

Olean, New York; Miss Olive Richards,Pawtucket, Rhode Island; Miss Eloise Bon-nett, LeRoy, Illinois; Miss Mary HawleyPerry, Sioux Falls, S. D.; Mrs. MabelDickerson, Denver, Colorado; Miss LouiseMcNary, Santa Monica, California.

[ 86 ]


Recording Secretary—Mrs. Ruben Gar-land, Atlanta, Georgia.

Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. VernaYoung, Washington, D. C.Treasurer—Mrs. Wm. F. Streitk, Detroit,

Michigan.Editor of the "Echoes"—Mrs. Margaret

Gillian Payne, Charlotte, N. C.Chairman Junior Page, NATIONAL HIS-

TORICAL MAGAZINE—Miss Olive Webster,91 Hillside Ave., West Newton, Massachu-setts.Chairman Helen Pouch Memorial Schol-

arship Fund—Mrs. Frank L. Harris, Ra-cine, Wisconsin.Chairman of Coca Cola Booth—Miss

Elvyn Cook, Kenmore, New York.Chairman of Exhibits—Miss Charlotte

Sayer, Point Pleasant, West Virginia.Chairman of Special Arrangements—

Mrs. Cornelia Hartman, Philadelphia, Pa.Chairman of Registration—Miss Mabel

Claxton, French Lick, Indiana.Advisors to 1940 Assembly Committee

—Mrs. William H. Pouch, Miss DeaneVanLandingham, Mrs. Frank L. Harris,Miss Dorothy Evans.The officers for the 1940 Junior As-

sembly were introduced. On motion, thethird annual Junior D. A. R. Assemblywas adjourned.The large number of Juniors registered

at the Junior registration desk took partin all the activities during the week ofContinental Congress. Many were pages,and others helped at the Junior Bazaar andcoca cola booth. On Monday, a most suc-cessful Junior Membership breakfast washeld at the Mayflower Hotel. On Thurs-day afternoon all the Juniors marched toConstitution Hall and stood on the plat-form while Miss Dorothy Evans gave a re-port of the 1939 Junior Assembly.

HELEN M. SCOTT,Chairman, Junior Page,

National Historical Magazine.

Message from Chairman of 1939 JuniorAssembly

THE 1939 Junior D. A. R. Assembly ispast. We hope you enjoyed it. This

closing message is to thank all those whohad any part in this Junior Assembly for

[ 87 ]

making it as fine as it was. All year thesegirls have worked and the result has beenthe completed Junior Assembly.Thank you all for what you have done,

the way you have cooperated, and the sat-isfaction you have brought to the manypeople interested in the Junior D. A. R.Assembly.

DOROTHY EVANS, Chairman,1939 Junior D. A. R. Assembly.

All material for the Junior Page in theNATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE shouldnow be sent to the new chairman, MissOlive Webster, 91 Hillside Avenue, WestNewton, Massachusetts.

Washington, D. C., Juniors

ON November 19, 1938, the Junior D.A. R.'s and S. A. R.'s of the District

of Columbia held their first Assembly atthe Sulgrave Club. The membership islimited to eighty couples. There wereseventy-five couples present and the eve-ning was an assured success. This dancecreated new friends for the D. A. R.'s andthe S. A. R.'s. We are eagerly looking for-ward to next year's affair. Both organiza-tions acquired new members.

February 2, 1939, the District JuniorD. A. R. gave a dinner at the Y. W. C. A.with Mrs. George Schermerhorn, NationalOrganizing Secretary General and Chair-man of Junior Membership, as guest ofhonor. The President General, State Re-gent, and other National and State Officerswere present. The Junior Chairmen gavetheir reports for the year. At this meet-ing, the Juniors voted $15 toward the HelenPouch Scholarship Fund.

HELEN F. EVERETT,State Chairman of Junior Membership.

Junior Activities at North Carolina StateConference

THE keen interest and enthusiasm dis-played by the North Carolina Juniors

at the 39th State Conference was very grati-fying, and we hope that the inspiration


which they carried away will spread theJunior work and membership through theState so that eventually we will have aJunior Group in every place that has aSenior Chapter.

During Conference the Statesville Groupwas joint hostess with the Senior Chapter;the Juniors' responsibility being to enter-tain the pages and visiting Juniors.On Tuesday they gave a beautiful lunch-

eon at the Statesville Woman's Club inhonor of the pages. This event introducedgirls from all over the State and startedtheir "Paging Days" in a happy, friendlymanner.On Wednesday, there was an elaborate

luncheon for all delegates and Juniors at-tending the State Conference. The Juniorswere in charge of the program for theluncheon, and through the ingenuity of thetoastmistress, Mrs. Noel Walker Robbins,of Charlotte, N. C., the official pages wereintroduced by means of a clever rhyme. Inturn, the pages toasted the distinguishedguests, also in rhyme, including our Honor-ary President General, Mrs. W. A. Becker;National President C. A. R., Mrs. W. H.Pouch; and the State officials.

After luncheon the Juniors assembledand filed into the afternoon session in pro-cession, led by a member who carried thenew Junior D. A. R. Banner, which was agift from the State Organization. Follow-ing the official presentation of the banner,Mrs. Davis asked for the annual reports ofeach Junior Group.

Announcement was made of the organi-zation of a new Junior Group at Wades-boro, N. C., and a D. A. R. bracelet waspresented to the organizing chairman byMrs. Margaret Gilliam Payne, Editor ofNorth Carolina Junior Echoes.Wednesday evening a ball was given in

honor of the pages and Juniors, and a per-fectly delightful time was enjoyed by allattending.On Thursday morning we arose early to

attend the Junior breakfast at 7:30. Inspite of the hour, everyone seemed wideawake with plans and ideas for the comingyear.The hostess Juniors, as well as those rep-

resenting Junior Groups from all over the

State, played a very definite part in theConference this year and we feel, now, thatthe Junior movement is really alive in theState.The aim of the Junior Membership is to

familiarize our young women with thework of the D. A. R. through Junior Groupsand thereby to interest them in taking anactive part in their Senior Chapters.

THELMA WELLES CAMPBELL,State Chairman Junior Membership.

Norristown, Pennsylvania, Juniors

THE Junior Group of Valley Forge Chap-ter, Norristown, Pa., organized in No-

vember, with Mrs. C. Howard Harry, Jr.,president; Mrs. Theodore Heysham, Jr.,secretary, and Mrs. Armand DuPaul, seniorsponsor. Since then we have lost no timebecoming an active group; first, sending aChristmas box to Tamassee, and recentlytaking complete charge of decorations andservings as aides at the chapter's card party.This, the event of the year, was given toraise funds for the "Health House" atTamassee.Under the capable leadership of Mrs.

Richard D. Oberholtzer, the club house wasdecorated in Victorian theme. A charmingliving room was arranged on the stage,exhibiting mellowed pieces of furniture,rare bits of china, glass, and handiwork, re-creating the atmosphere of that famous era.The walls of the auditorium were hung withrare and beautifully patterned quilts, cher-ished heirlooms of members. Particularlyinteresting was an "album" quilt made bythe graduating class of 1848 of the OaklandFemale Institute in Norristown, an earlygirls' boarding school in this country.Members of the group assisted at the tea

table and as aides, dressed in gowns run-ning the gamut of the Victorian period,from wide, billowing hoops and bustles tothe wasp waists of 1900.One may picture the charm the colorful

setting and picturesque costumes gave tothis successful affair.

VIRGINIA FELL HEYSHAM,Secretary.

fr

e.baudzva, ali.404.1,044, aid euticsACONTRIBUTOR is asking for collabo-

ration! Catherine Cate Coblentz,whose poems, articles, and book reviewshave frequently graced the pages of thismagazine, has struck a snag in her re-search work and is asking for help: "Sincethe readers of the 'National Historical Mag-azine' are interested in historical sourcematerial, and since I am very much inter-ested in locating a certain incident, wouldit be possible to ask whether any of themcould help me? A Jacob Carter and hisfamily, which included a daughter, Bessie,stopped a few weeks at a frontier post, andeventually settled a section not far fromthe post. There they were attacked by In-dians (Sioux) and Bessie summoned helpby sending one of her pet pigeons to thefort. Does anyone know where this inci-dent occurred and where the reference toit may be located?"

Our contributor, Mrs. Mae F. Havi-land, whose article "Come Forth andBring Your Garlands" appeared in theApril issue, has sent in some additionalmaterial to supplement her own article—avaluable form of collaboration! The fol-lowing items seem to the editor especiallyinteresting:"Benjamin Franklin was particularly

fond of the lyrics of Isaac Watts. The firstbook issued from Franklin's press in Phila-delphia was an edition of Watts' Psalmsand Hymns.'"John Quincy Adams, the sixth President

of the United States, translated the wholebook of Psalms into English verse, besideswriting the large number of hymns in his'Poems of Religion and Society.' One ofhis poems, first published in 1807, carriesthe same central idea as Henry Vaughan's'Retreat' and as Wordsworth's of 'Immor-tality,' published the same year.

"President Woodrow Wilson edited thehymn book, 'In Excelsis'."

Mr. M. C. McConkey, whose articleentitled "When Washington Crossed theDelaware" appeared in the December issue,is another contributor who has been kindenough to send some supplementary mate-

rial. He writes: "Perhaps one sidelight Ihave on the article may interest you. Justwho the Tory was who tried to warn Rallhas long been in dispute. Legend has of-fered at least two names—a German spynamed Wahl, and a notorious Tory guer-rilla named Doane. So far as I havegone, the evidence points clearly to thelatter. In Revolutionary times, he acquireda very bad name. Late research has consid-erably enhanced his character. Rather thancruel, he seems to have been honestly aTory, a lover of adventure, strong, ener-getic, resourceful, with a flair for the comi-cal and dramatic; altogether an interestingrascal. His family were an offshoot ofthe Doanes of Plymouth, Massachusetts,a highly respected family who settled therewithin a couple of decades of its founding.They are from a very old English family;an offshoot were the Doones of LornaDoone story, at least according to oneauthor. The Doanes must have been avirile stock; the old English pictures ofthem remind me very much of my mother,who was a direct descendant of the Ply-mouth Doanes."

Mrs. Ralph Decker, State MagazineChairman for Pennsylvania, sends us thefollowing little story: "Last fall, while vis-iting out in Michigan, a dear old lady toldme this story. 'When my father, OrrinTrumbull, was married to my mother, Eliza-beth Wells, they left New York State andcame out here in Kent County, Michigan, tostart a new home. Believing that every farmshould have plenty of fruit trees, my fatherbrought with him a small bag of appleseeds. As soon as a piece of land could bemade ready, the apple seeds were planted.And when those little trees poked theirheads up through the soil, mother said thefarmers came from all around to see. Youcan hardly imagine the excitement whenthe first apple was discovered in our appleorchard! My brother, Cassins, was aboutfour years old. It was a beautiful redapple and very tempting, but he was re-minded that it was not to be picked untilfather picked it. One morning mothermissed Cassins, and as she hurried out to

[89]


the field to call father—for there wereIndians in the country then—she fell over achair standing under the apple tree, wherethe one red apple had hung. Now therewas only a small core hanging from thelittle limb. But the apple had not beenpicked! No, I don't believe father pun-ished brother, for you see he hadn't reallydisobeyed.' The story, "Apple BlossomTime," by Marjorie Barstow Greenbiein last year's May Magazine made this storyeven more interesting to me. They are yetraising apples on this farm, and no doubtfrom the children and grandchildren ofthose first little trees from the seeds broughtfrom New York State so long ago."

The editor has already expressed hergratitude for the gesture made by theGeorgia and Kentucky State Confer-ences, in using miniature copies of theMagazine for favors at their state ban-quets. In like measure, she is grateful forthe generous action of the Florida StateConference as outlined in the following let-ter: "The Florida Daughters of the Ameri-can Revolution at the State Conferenceheld in Tampa, Florida, March 7-11, ex-pressed the highest appreciation of thevalue of the 'National Historical Magazine,'and upon motion, I was instructed to writeyou, as editor, to thank you for the verygreat help the organ is to the State Societyas well as to the National Society."

Among orders for subscriptions thathave been received recently at this office,one bearing the letterhead of the Rou-manian Legation and written by MadameIremescu, the American-born wife of theRoumanian Minister, is especially gratify-ing: "Enclosed is two dollars for whichplease send me your 'National HistoricalMagazine,' for having read the March num-ber from cover to cover, I find it mostinteresting and instructive. Please beginthe subscription with the August, 1938 is-sue if possible. I wish the magazine muchprosperity."

Among orders for single copies, onecame from Mrs. Percy B. Scott, Man-

aging Editor of Guide, the Women's Na-tional Political Review, which pleased theeditor very much: "Permit me to congratu-late you on the magazine. The February,1939 issue is the first that I have seen andI can assure you that I have read it with agreat deal of interest and enjoyment. Asit just happened that it came to my deskthrough the kindness of a friend, I am notable to keep this magazine in my posses-sion and therefore, I am going to ask youto send me a copy of the January, Febru-ary, and March issues and I am enclosing$1 in stamps to cover the cost. It seemsto me that your magazine should be readby young Americans in every corner ofthe forty-eight states."

We are always interested in knowingwhich issues have seemed the best to oursubscribers, for such information is help-ful in assembling future material. There-fore, this comment was welcome: "Allmy family are enjoying the 'National His-torical Magazine,' especially this last, theMarch number." (May the editor tell youa secret in view of this? The March issueis the one with which she herself has feltmost nearly satisfied so far!)

And of course we are always delightedto hear from satisfied advertisers: "Thankyou for the review of our Roster of Revolu-tionary Soldiers in the February issue.This morning I received the first order asthe result of the review and advertisement.I hope many more will follow," writes oneof them. From another comes this com-ment: "I am enclosing a check for my ad-vertisement and another for a subscriptionto your Magazine. It has never been ourpolicy to advertise, but hearing from mycustomers recently so much about the Mag-azine, and knowing what a fine class ofwomen come to Washington for the Conti-nental Congress, I thought it might be agood investment. I was thrilled at thespace given me. I know that many peoplewill see the advertisement, and perhaps re-member it in the future. All good wishesto your organization and to your wonderfulMagazine."

MRS. JOHN LOGAN MARSHALL,Clemson College, S. C.

MRS. ARTHUR J. RAHN,113 Hawthorne Ave., Lewistown, Mont.

MRS. CARL S. HOSKINS,Lisbon, N. H.

MRS. FRANK M. DICK,"Dunmovin," Cambridge, Md.

MRS. ELMER H. WHITTAKER,124 E. Arrellaga St., Santa Barbara, Calif.

THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERSOF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

(Organized—October 11, 1890)

MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALLSeventeenth and D Streets N. W., Washington, D. C.

NATIONAL BOARD OF MANAGEMENT1938-1939

President GeneralMRS. HENRY M. ROBERT, JR.

Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

Vice-Presidents General

(Term of office expires 1940)MRS. CHARLES E. HEAD,

4536 47th Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash.

MISS BONNIE FARWELL,1107 S. Center St., Terre Haute, Ind.

MRS. WM. HENRY BELK, MRS. MAURICE CLARK TURNER,220 Hawthorne Lane, Charlotte, N. C. 3820 Gillon Ave., Dallas, Texas.

MRS. GEORGE BAXTER AVERILL, JR., 2959 N. Frederick Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

(Term of office expires 1941)MRS. CLARENCE H. ADAMS, MRS. CHESTER S. MCMARTIN,

800 Pennsylvania St., Denver, Colo. 1820 Palmcroft Drive, Phoenix, Ariz.

MRS. VAL TAYLOR,Water St., Uniontown, Ala.

MRS. ARTHUR ROWBOTHAM,Bedford Ave., Altavista, Va.

MRS. ROBERT KEENE ARNOLD,Versailles, Ky.

MRS. HARPER DONELSON SHEPPARD,117 Frederick St., Hanover, Pa.

MRS. CHARLES CARROLL HAIG, 207 Wilson Lane, Bethesda, Md.

(Term of office expires 1942)MRS. HOMER FERGUS SLOAN,

Willbeth Plantation, Marked Tree, Ark.

MRS. FREDERICK PALMER LATIMER,

40 Kenyon St., Hartford, Conn.

MRS. HENRY CLAY CHILES,Lafayette Arms, Lexington, Mo.

MRS. ROBERT J. JOHNSTON, Humboldt, Iowa.

ChaplainMRS. LOREN EDGAR REX, 310

Recording Secretary GeneralMRS. JOHN S. HEAUME,

Memorial Continental Hall.Corresponding Secretary General

MRS. WM. KENNEDY HERRIN, JR.,Memorial Continental Hall.

Organizing Secretary GeneralMRS. GEORGE D. SCHERMERHORN,

Memorial Continental Hall.Treasurer General

MISS PAGE SCHWARZWAELDER,Memorial Continental Hall.

GeneralE. Elm St., Wichita, Kansas.

Registrar GeneralMRS. FRANK LEON NASON,Memorial Continental Hall.

Historian GeneralMRS. LELAND STANFORD DUXBURY,

Memorial Continental Hall.Librarian General

MRS. VINTON EARL SISSON,Memorial Continental Hall.

Curator GeneralMRS. WILLARD STEELE,

Memorial Continental Hall.

Reporter General to Smithsonian InstitutionMRS. JOSEPH TAYLOR YOUNG, 32 Bellevue Ave., Piedmont, Calif.

[ 91 ]


National Board of Management—Continued

State Regents and State Vice Regents for 1938-39

ALABAMAMRS. ELLY RUFF BARNES, 18 Wilson St., Montgomery.Mos. T. H. NAPIER, Montevallo.

ALASKAMRS. DONALD MACDONALD, Fairbanks.MRS. JOHN ELTON Yours., Lock Box 291, Fairbanks.

ARIZONAMRS. Jonrs WALLACE CHAPPELL, 525 E. Speedway, Tucson.MRS. WILLIAM J. OLIVER, 109 N. Pleasant St., Prescott.

ARKANSASMRS. CHARLES HENRY MILLER, 2516 Broadway, Little Rock.MRS. THOMAS FRANCIS SHORT, DeQueen.

CALIFORNIAMRS. JOHN WEIITTIER HOWE HODGE, 158 No. June St., LosAngeles.

MRS. PERRY WALLACE MACDONALD, 434 Pala Ave., Piedmont.

COLORADOMRS. CARBON GILLASPIE, 1505 Ninth St., Boulder.MRS. FREDERIC C. KRAUSER, 1740 Sherman St., Denver.

CONNECTICUTMISS MARY CHARISSA WELCH, 40 Thomaston St., Hartford.

DELAWAREMRS. JAMES HUTCHISON SCOTT, 600 No. Franklin St., Wil-

mington.MRS. WALTER S. WILLIAMS, 101 Rodman Road, Penny Hill,Wilmington.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAMISS LILLIAN CHENOWETH, 1350 Meridian Place, Washington.MRS. HARRY C. ORERHOLSER, 2805 18th St., N. W., Wash-ington.

FLORIDAMrs. T. C. MAGUIRE, Zelle-Clair Villa, Plant City.MRS. CHARLES T. PAXOPi, 223 West Seventh St., Jackson-

ville.

GEORGIAMRS. WM. HARRISON HIGHTOWER, NO. Church St., Thomaston.Mrs. THOMAS C. Maur, 2499 Peachtree Rd., N. E., Atlanta.

HAWAIIMRS. JESSIE POWERS CAMERON, P. 0. Box 2426, Honolulu.Mrs. BYRON ELDRED Noma:, 2152 Atherton Road, Honolulu.

IDAHOMRS. THOMAS F. WARNER. 206 8th Ave., East, Twin Falls.MRS. HENRY ASHCROFT, 1110 First Ave., Payette.

ILLINOISIVIISS HELEN MAY MCMAKIN, 413 No. Broadway, Salem.MRS. FREDERICK ARTHUR SAPP, 802 Congress St., Ottawa.

INDIANAMRS. WILLIAM H. SCHLOSSER, 99 No. Forsythe St., Franklin.MRS. LAFAYETTE LEVAN PORTER, 600 Ridge Ave., Greencastle.

IOWAMRS. HARRY F.. NAREY, SO. Hill Ave.. Spirit Lake.Mrs. T. B. THROCKMORTON, 919 45th St., Des Moines.

KANSASMISS MARION ELEANOR SEELYE, 1105 N. Buckeye Ave.,

Abilene.Mrs. A. J. BERGER, Box 379, Arkansas City.

KENTUCKYMRS. FREDERICK ALFRED WALLIS, 616 Pleasant St., Paris.MRS. CURTIS MARSHALL MCGEE, Burkesville.

LOUISIANAMrs. CHARLES M. FLOWEV. 1105 No. First St., Monroe.Mrs. JOSEPH 0. LAMBERT, 942 Eric St., Shreveport.

MAINEMRS. FRED C. MORGAN, 326 Main St., Saco.MISS MARGARET EMILY MCILROY, 457 Main St., Lewiston.

MARYLANDMrs. Wnannt BUNNELL BLAKESLEE, 222 St. Dunstans Rd.,Homeland, Baltimore.

MRS. MAUD HOLY MAULSBir, 4503 Roland Ave., Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTSMISS ETHEL LANE HERSEY, 154 South St., Hingham.MRS. FREDERICK G. SMITH, 145 Highland Ave., Somerville.

MICHIGANHas. WILLIAM CARL GEAGLEY, 1115 So. Genesee Drive,Lansing.

MRS. OSMOND DORE HEAVENRICII, 1504 Greenwood St., Jack-

MINNESOTAMRS. FLOYD WILLIAM BENNISON, 330 Prospect Ave.. Soo

Minneapolis.MISS NELLIE L. SLOAN, Chisago City.

MISSISSIPPIMRS. PERCy E. QUIN, Natchez.MRS. HANUN GARDNER, East Beach, Gulfport.

MISSOURIMRS. WALTER EUGENE TARLTON, Park Plaza Hotel. St. Louis.MRS. FRANK GAINES HARRIS, 605 W. Broadway, Columbia.

MONTANAMRS. CHARLES E. DOBSON, 245 Connell Ave., MiSSOUla.MRS. LEWIS D. SMITH, 130 S. Third St., Livingston.

NEBRASKAMRS. Groner H. Hornssaars. 305 College Ave., York.Mrs. R. H. ARMSTRONG, 1517 Eye St., Auburn.

NEVADAMRS. WILLIAM MUNSON GARDINER. 453 Granite St., Reno.Mrs. B. R. ADDENDROOKE, 867 S. Virginia St., Reno.

NEW HAMPSHIREMRS. RALPH L. CROCKETT, Redstone.MRS. ROBERT F. CROSBY, Derry.

NEW JERSEYMRS. J. WARREN PERKINS, 17 Hawthorne Ave., East Orange.MRS. RAYMOND C. GOODFELLOW, 115 So. Kingman Road.

South Orange.

NEW MEXICOMRS. ROBERT K. BELL, Faywood.Mrs. ROLLA ROBERTS HINKLE, 303 So. Missouri Ave., ROI,

well.

NEW YORKMRS. GEORGE DUFFY, Orchard St., Fort Plain.MRS. STANLEY THORPE Marsiovr, 360 Carpenter Ave., New-burgh.

NORTH CAROLINAMRS. EUGENE NORFLEET DAVIS, 107 E. Lane St., Raleigh.MRS. CURTIS WAYNE SPENCER, 514 Princess St., Wilmington.

NORTH DAKOTAMRS. RAYMOND W. SHINNERS, 607 6th Ave., N. W., Mandan.MRS. JOE CUTTING, 610 Maine St., Williston.

OHIOMRS. JAMES F. DONAHUE, 2850 Chadbourne Rd., ShakerHeights, Cleveland.

MRS. ALONZO HATHAWAY DUNHAM, 318 Grafton Ave., Dayton.

OKLAHOMAMRS. JAMES J. MCNEILL, 801 E. Moses St.. Cushing.MRS. FRANK GORDON MUNSON, 625 Choctaw Ave., Altia.

OREGONMRS. GILBERT E. HOLT, 225 River Drive, Pendleton.MRS. HOWARD P. ARNEST, 4166 N. E. Beaumont St., Port.land.

PENNSYLVANIAMRS. JOSEPH G. FORNEY, 85 Spencer Ave., Lancaster.MRS. BENJAMIN RAMAGE WILLIAMS, 428 N. McKean St.,

Butler.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDSMISS RUTH BRADLEY SHELDON, 1903 N. 49th St., Milwaukee,Wis.

MRS. MABEL R. CARLSON, P. 0. Box 2137, Manila.

RHODE ISLANDMRS. JOHN TILLINGHAST GARDNER, R. F. D. No. 2, EastGreenwich.

MRS. T. FREDERICK CHASE, 209 Point St., Providence.

SOUTH CAROLINAMRS. Wet. SUTHERLAND ALLAN, 5 Bennett St., Choi lesion.MRS. E. CLAY Poor., Seneca.

SOUTH DAKOTAMRS. MACDONALD TAYLOR GREENE, 415 E. 5th Ave..

Mitchell.MRS. DEAN WADE LOUCKS, 186 Capitol Ave., Pier!,


National Board of Management—ContinuedTENNESSEE

MRS. WALTER M. BERRY, Route 5, Box 870, Memphis.Mils. CLARENCE G. KING, 519 Alabama St., Bristol.

TEXASMISS MARION D. MULLINS, 1424 Cooper St., Fort Worth.Miss. J. D. SANDEFER, 2202 Hickory St., Abilene.

UTAH

MRS. ROBERT WELLES FISHER, 511 E. 3rd South St., SaltLake City.

MRS. WALTER JOHN HILLARRANT, Wattis.

VERMONT

MRS. CLARENCE RAYMOND ARKINSON, 19 Messenger St.,St. Albans.

MRS. BIRNEY BATCHELLER, Wallingford.

VIRGINIA

Mils. C. A. SWANN SINCLAIR, 305 Braddock Road,Alexandria.

Mils. GEORGE C. STONE, 109 Hawthorne Drive, Danville.

WASHINGTON

MRS. EDWIN E. RHODES, 119 E. 35th St., Tacoma.Miss. WALTER OSBORNE BRADBURY, Route 2, Wapato.

WEST VIRGINIA

MRS. DAVID E. FRENCH, 2126 Reid Ave., Bluefield.Max. WILSON H. S. WHITE, Shepherdstown.

WISCONSIN

Miss. FRANK G. WHEELER, 810 E. College Ave., Appleton.Miss. JOHN HENRY MLENSTEE. 215 Grand Ave., Port Wash-ington.

[93]

WYOMINGMRS. WILBUR KEM MILAR, 2514 Capitol Avenue, CheyenneMRS. JOHN Gm, Buffalo.

CANAL ZONE

MRS. WALTER D. CLARK, (Chapter Regent), Box 55, BalboaHeights.

PUERTO RICOMRS. GEORGE A. STUCKERT (Chapter Regent), Box K, Puertade Tierra, San Juan.

ITALY

MRS. KATHERINE SMOOT TUCCIMEI (Chapter Regent), ViaTaro 39, Rome.

GERMANY

MRS. FRIEDRICH EICHBERG (Chapter Regent), Keedysville,Washington County, Md.

CHINA

Alas. Hows A. WILeux, % International Committee, Y. M.C. A., 347 Madison Ave., New York City.

Miss LILLIAN THOMASON, 824 W. Mamba Ave., Dallas, Texas.CUBA

Miss. EDWARD G. HARRIS, The Argonne, 1629 Columbia Road,Washington, D. C.

MRS. JOSEPH ATKINSON JONES, 75 Avenue de la Paz, Alturas-Almendares.

ENGLAND

Alas. R. A. ROTHERMEL, 8 Aldford House, Park Lane,London W. 1.

Has. VOLNEY ALLEN BRUNDAGE, 1733 Newton St., N. W.,Washington, D. C.

FRANCE

MRS. HARLAN P. ROWE, "Littlebrook," Chainant par Sevlis,Oise.

MRS. TRYPHOSA DUNCAN BATIS.BATCHELLER, 12 rue du MontValerien, St. Cloud.

HONORARY OFFICERS ELECTED FOR

MRS. GEORGE MAYNARD MINOREast Meadows, Litchfield, Conn.

MRS. ANTHONY WAYNE COOK"WayIona", Cooksburg, Pa.

MRS. WILLIAM BUTTERWORTH, 1923Hillcrest, Moline, Illinois

Miss. THONIAS KyrE, 1927192 Chelsea Place, Cincinnati, Ohio

MRS. JOHN LAIDLAW BURL, 1933Litchfield, Conn.

Max. HENRY BOURNE JOY, 1935301 Lake Shore Road,Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.

MRS. HOWARD L. HODGKINS, 19351821 Kalorama Rd., Washington, D. C.

Honorary Presidents General

Has. GRACE H. L. BROSSEAU485 Park Ave., New York, N. Y.

MRS. LOWELL FLETCHER HOBART3128 Fairfield Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio

Honorary Vice-Presidents General

MRS. ALVIN VALENTINE LANE, 1936Melrose Court, Dallas, Texas

Man. WILLum B. BURNEY, 19371817 Senate St., Columbia, S. C.

Miss. ROBERT JEFFREY REED, 1938Emerson Road, Woodsdale,Wheeling, W. Va.

Miss. CHARLES BEACH BOOTHE, 19382036 Oak St., South Pasadena, Calif.

LIFE

MRS. RUSSELL WM. MAGNA178 Madison Ave., Holyoke, Masa.

MRS. WILLIAM A. BECKER77 Prospect St., Summit, N. J.

MRS. Wm. N. REYNOLDS, 1938"Tanglewood", Winston-Salem, N. C.

MRS. ELLET GRANT DRAKE, 1938601 N. 6th St., Beatrice, Nebr.

MRS. JAMES B. CRANKSHAW, 19393128 Fairfield Ave., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Sins. EDMUND P. MOODY, 1939600 N. Franklin St., Wilmington,Dela.

The Approved Schools of the N. S. D. A. R.AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTE Mr. Robert M. MuirAMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE Dr. C. S. McCownBEREA COLLEGE Dr. William I. Hutchins THE BERRY SCHOOLS Miss Martha BerryBLUE RIDGE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL Dr. George P. MayoCARR CREEK COMMUNITY CENTER, INC. . . Mr. W. T. FrancisCROSSNORE SCHOOL Dr. Mary Martin SloopHILLSIDE SCHOOL Mr. Lemuel Sanford HINDMAN SETTLEMENT SCHOOL Miss May StoneKATE DUNCAN SMITH D. A. R. SCHOOL. Mr. Wilson Evans LINCOLN MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY Dr. Stewart W. McClellandMARYVILLE COLLEGE MONTVERDE SCHOOL Mr. H. P. Carpenter NORTHLAND COLLEGE Dr. J. D. Brownell PINE MOUNTAIN SETTLEMENT SCHOOL Mr. Glyn A. Morris SCHAUFFLER COLLEGE Dr. Raymond G. Clapp TAMASSEE D. A. R. SCHOOL Mr. Ralph H. Cain

Wichita, Kansas Springfield, Massachusetts

Berea, Kentucky Mount Berry, Georgia

Bris, Virginia Carr Creek, Kentucky

Crossnore, North CarolinaMarlborough, Massachusetts

Hindman, KentuckyGrant, AlabamaHarrogate, Tennessee

Miss Clemmie J. Henry Maryville, TennesseeMontverde, FloridaAshland, WisconsinPine Mountain, KentuckyCleveland, OhioTamassee, South Carolina

National Committees, 1938-1939NATIONAL CHAIRMEN

ADVANCEMENT OF AMERICAN MUSIC MRS. EDWARD G. MEAD, 304 E. Church St., Oxford, Ohio.MRS. Joisw Y. RICHARDSON, 325 Failing Bldg., Portland, Oregon.MRS. SAMUEL JAMES CAMPBELL, 111 W. Broadway, Mt. Carroll, Ill.Miss RUTH BRADLEY StieLoow, 1903 N. 49th St., Milwaukee, Wis.

ODES D. WARTHEN, 209 Durden St., Vidalia, Ga.B. D. WEEKS, Bacone College, Bacone, Okla.CHARLES B. KEESEE, "Chaskeeokee", Martinsville, Va.

AMERICANISM APPROVED SCHOOLS CAROLINE E. HOLT SCHOLARSHIP FUNDCONSERVATION MRS.

Vice-Chairman in Charge of American Indians MRS.CORRECT USE OF THE FLAG MRS.DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONGOOD CITIZENSHIP PILGRIMAGE MRS.

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONMANUAL FOR CITIZENSHIP MRS.

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONMUSEUM

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Roscoe C. O'BYRNE, 912 Main St., Brookville, Ind.

CARL S. HOSKINS, Lisbon, N. H.

MRS. Wir.t.sen STEELE, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

STUDENT LOAN FUND Miss CLAUDINE MUTTER, 122 Harrison St., Lynchburg, Va.ELLIS ISLAND Mao. SMITH H. STEBBINS, 590 E. 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.FILING AND LENDING BUREAU MRS. FRANK W. BAKER, 4833 Farnam St., Omaha, Neb.GENEALOGICAL RECORDS DR. JEAN STEPHENSON, Apt. 1100, The Conard, Washington, D. C.GIRL HOME MAKERS MRS. ALICE LANE NEWBURY, 1822 Bennett Ave., Dallas, Texas.GOOD CITIZENSHIP PILGRIMS CLUBS MRS. ELMER H. WHITTAKER, 124 E. Arrellaga St., Santa Barbara, Calif.HISTORICAL RESEARCH MRS. LELAND S. Duxautur, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.JUNIOR AMERICAN CITIZENS MISS ELEANOR GREENWOOD, Shadow Lawn, Pepperell, Mass.JUNIOR MEMBERSHIP MRS. GEORGE D. SCHERMERHORN, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D.MOTION PICTURES MRS. LEROY MONTGOMERY, 7 Fairfield Ave., So. Norwalk, Conn.NATIONAL DEFENSE THROUGH PATRIOTIC EDU-CATION Mao. Imocew B. EMERY, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.

NATIONAL HISTORICAL MAGAZINE MRS. VICTOR ABBOT BINFORD, Roxbury, Maine.NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP Mils. FRANK L. NASON, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.PRESS RELATIONS MRS. STERLING BOCKOVEN, 3039 Macomb St., N. W., Washington, D. C.RADIO MRS. FRANK BOUDINOT WHITLOCK, 94 Lincoln Ave., New Brunswick, N. J.REAL DAUGHTERS MRS. HENRY BOURNE JOY, 301 Lake Shore Road, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.

CREDENTIALS Miss. KEYSER FRY, 325 Douglass St., Reading, Pa.RESOLUTIONS MISS EMELINE A. STREET, 259 Canner St., New Haven, Conn.INSIGNIA MRS. JOSEPH E. PRYOR, 127 Whittredge Rd., Summit, N. J.RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION MRS. JOHN KrrauF, 404 6th Ave., S., Jamestown, N. Dak.

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEES

C.

EXECUTIVE MRS. HENRY M. ROBERT, JR., Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.FINANCE MRS, JOHN S. Heaums, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.AUDITING MRS. VINTON Emu, SISSON, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.PRINTING MISS PAGE SCHWARZWAELDER. Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.BUILDING AND GROUNDS MRS. FRANK LEON NASON, Memorial Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.ART CRITICS Miss ALINE E. SOLOMONS, The Connecticut, Washington, D. C.D. A. R. HANDBOOK Mits. G. W. S. Muscassz, Laurel, Md.

All questions on State and Chapter By-Laws which it is desired be checked or inspected for conflicts with

National Rules should be sent to

MRS. JOHN TRIGG MOSS, Parliamentarian, 6017 Enright Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Board of Management National Society Children of the American RevolutionNational President

MRS. JOHN MORRISON KERR

National Vice PresidentsHas. EDMUND BURKE BALL, IndianaMRS. WILLIAM A. BECKER, N.MISS MARIE L. BEYERLE, PennsylvaniaHas. GRACE H. L. BROSSEAU, N. Y.MRS. RYLAND C. BRYANT, D. C.MRS, JAMES HENRY HARPER, D. C.MRS. LOUISE MOSELEY HEATON, Miss.MRS. HENRY Boum. Joy, MichiganMRS. GEORGE EGGLESTON MALONE, OhioMRS. F. Louts STOECKLE, Oregon

National ChaplainMRS. WILLIAM HENRY BELK

National Recording SecretaryMRS. CHARLES CARROLL HAIG

National Organizing SecretaryMRS. GEOFFREY CREVICE

National Corresponding SecretaryMRS. B. HARRISON LINGO

National TreasurerHas. THADDEUS M. JONES

[94]

National RegistrarMRS. HARRY MELVILLE HOWARD

National HistorianMRS. JOHN FRANCIS WEINMANN

National Librarian-CuratorMRS. LEE R. PENNINGTON, JR.

Honorary National PresidentsHas, FRANK W. MONDELLMRS. JOSIAH A. VAN ORSMILMRS. PERCY EDWARDS QUINMRS. SAMUEL SHAW ARENTZMRS. C. A. SWANN SINCLAIRMRS. WILLIAM H. POUCH

Honorary National Vice PresidentsMRS. HENRY M. ROBERT, JR.

President General, D. A. R.MR, MESSMORE KENDALL

President General, S. A. R.

(Elected for five years)

MRS. LARZ ANDERSON, Mass., 1937MRS. HERBERT A. BLACK, COi0., 1937MISS MARGARET LOTHROP, Calif., 1937MRS. LAWRENCE H. QUIROLLO, 1939MRS. FRANK S. RAY, Maryland, 1936MRS. HORACE TOWNER, Iowa, 1935

severance of shelburne florence stevens cummings … · severance of shelburne florence stevens...

Documents