Critical care application-Specialty that human responses to life threatening problems.-critical care is the multidisciplinary healthcare specialty that cares for patients with acute life threatening illness or injury.MICROPROCESSORS -which permit gathering processing and storage of large volumes of critical and financial data.1986-saba and mccormick estimated that the volume of data collected by nurses in critical care setting on a daily was a high as 1,500 data pointsINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITIES AND APPLICATION IN CRITICAL CARE SETTING.

SEVERAL MAJOR CAPABILITIES OF CRITICAL CARE INVIRONMENT1.Process store and intergrate physiologic and diagnostic information from various sources.2.Accept and store patient care documentation in a lifetime clinical repository.3.Trend data in graphical presentation 4.Provide clinical decision support though alerts ,alarms,and protocols 5.Provide access to vital patient information from any location both inside and outside of the critical care setting6.Comparatively evaluate patients for outcomes analysis 7.Present clinical data based on concept oriented views.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION AND FUNCTION TYPICAL IN THE CRITICAL CARE ENVIRONMENT .1.Physiologic monitors ,including arrhythmia and hemodynamic monitors 2.Mechanical ventilations 3.ccis(critical care information system)DEVICE CONNECTIVITY INFRASTRUCTURE1.HL7-health language seven2.IEEE-institute electrical and electronics engineers.

PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING SYSTEMS 1960-physiologic monitors were developed to oversee the vital signs of the astronout 1970-these monitor had found their way into the hospital setting were day replaced manual methods of gathering patient vital signs.1980-technology became cheaper,smaller,and significantly more powerful .1990s-the focus of development has shifted to integration of monitoring data into information system.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORING EQUIPMENT1.Sensor2.Signal conditions amplify or filter the display device 3.File to rank and order information4.Computer processor to analyse data and direct report 5.Evaluation or controlling component to regulate the or alerts nurse .

HEMODYNAMIC MONITORS-advanced hymodynamic monitoring allow for calculation of hymodynamic indices and limited data storage.

HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING CAN BE USED TO1.

1.Measure hemodynamic parameters2.Closely examine cardiovascular function 3.Evaluate cardiac pump output and volume status 4.Recognize patterns (arrhythmia analysis )and exacts features 5.Asses vascular system integrety.6.Evaluate the patients physiologic responses to stimuli.7.Continously assess respiratory gases8.Continously evaluate blood gases and electrolytes.9.Store waveforms .10.Automatically transmit selected data to a computerized patient data base.

Hemodynamic monitoring can be invasive or non- invasive

Invasive- are typically used to measure and monitor various pressures andCardiac output.Non-invasive –are increasingly common and include pressure measurement using oscillometric techniques,oxygenation measurement using pulse oximetry technology and measurement of cardiac output via doppler.Invasive hemodynamic monitoring techniques –have traditionally involveUse of the pulmonary artery catheter(PAC)PAC-has potential complication such as inspection hemorrhage and embolism.

ARRHYTHMIA MONITORS-computerized monitoring and analysis of cardiac rhythm have proved reliable and effective in detecting potentially lethal lethal hearts rhythms

TWO TYPES OF ARRHYTHMIA SYSTEM1.Detection surveillance –the criteria for a normal ECG are programmed the computer. the computer might survey the ECG for the amplitude and duration and for the internals between for waves.2.Diagnostic or interpretive- after analog signal are digitized for processing the program analyze and diagnoses the ECG.

FIVE PARAMETERS FOR ECG COMPLEX1.Vacation of QRScomplex.2,time from the beginning to the end of the QRS3.Comparison of amplitude,duration and rate of QRS complex with all limb of lead.4.Comparison of P and T waves all limb leads.

CRITICAL ACRE INFORMATIONCCIS- is the system designed to collect,store,organize,retrieve,and manipulate all data related to care of critically ill patient.-focused on individual patient and the information directly related to patients care.

-the primary purpose of ccis the organization of a patients current and historical data for use by all care.

THE COMPONENTS OF CCIS INCLUDE1.Patient management 2.Vital sign monitoring3.Diagnostic testing result4.Clinical documentation to support the process of physical assessment findings5.Decision support6.Medication management7.Interdisciplinary plan of care8.Provider order enrtry