seventeenth critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of...

Seventeenth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of theHistory of Civilization (to March 1925, with 4 Facsimiles on 2 pl.)Author(s): George SartonSource: Isis, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Dec., 1925), pp. 531-606Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/223775 .

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Seventeenth Critical Bibliography of the

History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization

(to March 1925, with 4 facsimiles on 2 pl.).

This Seventeenth Bibliography contains 482 items. Some of the critical notes were contributed by R. C. ARCHIBALD (Providence, R. I.), TENNEY L DAVIS (Cambridge, Mass.), G. G. DEPT (Gand), CARROLL W.

DODGE (Cambridge, Mass.), L. GUINET (Bruxelles), ]). B. MACDONALD

(Hartford, Conn.), R. M. MAY (Paris), H. METZGER (Paris), J. RUSKA

(Heidelberg), H. M. SHEFFER (Cambridge, Mass.), J. STEPHENSON

(Edinburgh), H. WIELEITNER (Augsburg), J. K. WRIGHT (New York). An authors' index will be found at the end.

For additional information on this undertaking see the Preface to the previous bibliography in the present volume of Isis, p. 172.

Harvard Library, 185. Cambridge 38, Massachusetts. GEORGE SARTON.

April 1925.

List of facsimiles (with brief references to the notes which they illustrate).

1. Earliest American Algebra. New York, 1730 (in Dutch). (See SIMONS, L. G., 1924, XVIII A.).

2. Earliest American Algebra in English. Newbury-Port, 1788.

(See ibidem). 3. First comprehensive treatise on the beet-sugar industry. Paris, 1825.

(See LIPPMANN, E. O. v., 1925, XIX B.) 4. SIMON STEVIN. De Thiende. Leyden, 1585.

(See note on STEVIN, XVI A.).

PART I.

Fundamental Classification (centurial). Books and papers relative to a period longer than one century but

not longer than two are also included in Part I. They are then classified under the most important of both centuries; I mean that one wherein their center of gravity falls. There can be no objection to this,



532 s. VIII A. C. S. IV A. C.

for no one interested in one particular century, say the xnth, can possibly avoid reading the notes concerning the two adjoining centuries, the xith and xmlth.

S. VIIl A. C.

Luckenbill, Daniel David. The annals of SENNACHERIB (705 to 681), xII + 196 p., 4to. (Oriental Institute Publications, 2). The Uni- versity of Chicago Press, 1924. ISis

Transliterated text in chronological order, translation and notes. G. S.

S. VI A. C.

Rostagni, Augusto. II verbo di PITAGORA. 510 p. Torino, BocCA, 1924.

Reviewed by MAURICE CROISET in Journal des Savants, 1924, 129.

S. V A. C.

Olover, Terrot Reaveley. HERODOTUS. XV +- 301 p. (Sather classical lectures, vol. 3) University of California Press, 1924 Isis

S. IV A. C.

[Aristotle]. The works of ARISTOTLE. Translated into English under the editorship of W. D. Ross. Volume X1. Rhetorica by W.RHYS ROBERTS; De Rhetorica ad Alexandrum by E. S. FORSTER; De Poe- tica by INGRAM BYWATER. Oxford University Press, American Branch, New York, 1924. [$ 5]. ISIS

I have already mentioned various parts of the English translation of ARISTOTLE published by the Oxford Press. See for example my review of the Meteorologica, Isis VI, 138. This translation is prepared with considerable care, upon the best available texts, by a large group of scholars. The present volume is of much smaller interest to the historian of science, but I take advantage of its publication to indicate the general plan of the undertaking, as I have not yet done this before. (The word pub. means published) : Vol. 1. Categorise, de Interpretatione, Analytica Priora, Analytica Posteriora, Topica, de Sophisticis Elenchis. Vol. 2. Phys'ica, de Celo (pulb.), de Generatione et Corruptione (pub.). Vol. 3. Meteorologica (pub.), de Mundo (pub.), de Anima, Parva Natu- ralia (pub.), de Spiritu (pub.). Vol. 4. (pub.) Historia Aninalium.Vol. 5. (pub.) De Partibus Animalium, de Motu Animalium, de Incessu Anima- lium, de Generatione Animalium. Vol. 6. (pub.) De Coloribus, de Audi- bilibus. Physiognomonica, de Plantis, de Mirabilibus Auscultationibus Mechanica, de Lineis Insecabilibus, Ventorum Situs et Nomina, de XENO- PHANE, ZENONE et GORGIA. Vol. 7. Problemata. Vol. 8 (pub.) Metaphysica. Vol. 9. Ethica Nicomachea, Magna Moralia (pub.), Ethica Eudemia (pub.), de Virtutibus et Vitiis (pub.). Vol. 10. (pub.) Politica, Oecono- mica, Atheniensium Respublica. Vol. 11. (pub.) De Rhetorica, de Rhe- torica ad Alexandrum, de Poetica.

Not simply each volume, but also each work, can be obtained sepa- rately, and each separate part is provided with its own index. Let us hope that the collection will soon be completed and that a twelfth volume, containing a general index, will then be promptly added to it.

G. S. Burnet, John. ARISTOTLE. The British Academy annual lecture on a master-mind. 18 p. London, MILFORD, 1924. Isis



. III A. C. s III 533

Lowenfeld. Henry. Justice in dealings on ARISTOTLE'S plan. xv + 132 p. London, MURRAY, 1924. s181

S. Ill A. C.

Rufini, Enrico La preistoria delle parallele e il postulato di EUCLIDE. Periodico di Matematiche, t. 3, Bologna, 1923, 11-17. IsS1

Reviewed by Father H. BOSMANS in Revue des Questions Scientifiques, octobre 1924, 6-7.

S. I A. C.

Campbell, Archibald Young. HORACE: A new interpretation. Lon- don, METHUEN, 1924. ss88

S 1.

Moffatt, James. A critical and exegetical commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. LXXVI - 264 p. (The international critical commentary). Edinburgh, CLARK, 1924. ISIS

[New Testament] Pages choisies des Evangiles. Litt6ralement tra- duites de l'original et comment6es a l'usage du public lettire, avec le texte en regard, par HUBERT PERNOT. (Collection de l'Institut Neo- hellenique de l'Universite de Paris, 2) 260 p. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1925. [fr. 12]. Isis

Cette edition nouvelle du N. T. est particulierement interessante parce que l'auteur a une connaissance approfondie du grec moderne. I1 indi- quait, il y a douze ans deja, que les Evangiles sont en realite notre premier texte grec moderne. < Sait-on combien de mots de la version de MARC ne se retrouvent pas dans le Dictionnaire grec moderne-francais de VLACHOS, public a Athenes en 1897? Environ 70. Encore les deux tiers sont-ils des composes ais6ment intelligibles pour un Hellene de culture moyenne. > ... < Le grec des Evangiles est certainement plus proche du grec actuel que ne l'est le francais de MONrAIGNE de celui de nos jours. Et ceci n'est pas seulement vrai du vocabulaire, mais aussi de la :syntaxe, des expressions, de ce qu'on peut d6signer par un mot: l'esprit de la langue. ) Les synoiptiques sont ecrits en trois langues differentes (vulgaire, savante et mixte); il ne s'agit pas de styles diffe- rents mais bien de langues (grammaires, vocabulaires) differentes. L'introduction nous donne un resume des conclusions de l'auteur sur la chronologie des Evangiles. Les synoptiques s'espacent sans doute sur une periode d'une vingtaine d'annees dans l'ordre suivant : MARC vers 70; MATTHIEU; Luc. Quant a l'Evangile de JEAN, c'est une oeuvre d'une tout autre nature, plus philosophique mais de moindre valeur traditionnelle. Cet 6vangile existait d6ej dans la seconde moiti*e du IIe siecle. Cette 6di- tion si commode donnera a beaucoup de lettres, je l'espre, l'envie de lire ou de relire le texte grec. I1 y a des notes nombreuses et des index grec et francais. Livre excellent. G. S.

Rose, Herbert Jennings. The Roman questions of PLUTARCH. Ox- ford, Clarendon Press, 1924. s98s

Important for the history of Roman religion. G. S.

S. 111 Bugiel. V. Une importante contribution a 1'histoire de la medecine

au III siecle de notre ere Les details medicaux dans un roman grec de cette epoque. Bul. soc. frang. hist. med., t 18, 320-338, 1924. IsIB

1 s'agit de 1' ( Histoire d'APOLLONIlU de Tyr G. G. S.



534 s I. s. s. V.

[Plotinus] Plotin. Enneades, tomes I, II, texte etabli et traduit par EMILE BREHIER (Collection des Universites de France, publiee sous le patronage de l'Association Guillaume Bude). Paris, 1924. Isis

Reviewed in Journal des Sacants, 1924, 193-202, by A. PUECH.

[Plotinus] PLOTINUS on the nature of the soul ; being the Fourth Ennead. Translated from the Greek by STEPHEN MACKENNA. 159 p. (Library of Philosophical Translations, 3) London, The Medici Society, 1924. Isis

S. IV.

Cavallera, Ferdinand. Saint JEROME, sa vie et son oeuvre. Premiere partie (Fascicules 1 et 2 du Spicilegium sacrum Lovaniense publi6 par l'Universite catholique et les colleges theologiques de Louvain). Deux volumes in-8? de 344 et 229 pages. Louvain, Bureaux du Spicilegium; Paris, CHAMPION, 1922. s3is

Reviewed in Journal des Savants, 1924, 153-163, by PAUL MONCEAUX.

[Julian the Apostate] L'empereur JULIEN. (Euvres completes. Tome 1, 2e partie. Lettres et fragments. Texte revu et traduit par J. BIDEZ. (Collection des Universites de France) 258 p. Paris, Societe d'Edition Les Belles Lettres, 1924. Is3s

I have ,spoken at some length of the splendid collection of classical texts, with French translations and notes, published under the auspices of the Association Guillaume Bude apropos of their edition of LUCRE- TIUS (Isis, IV, 47) and BIDUZ'S lifelong studies on the works and personality of JULIAN have been frequently mentioned (Isis, IV, 133, 398; V, 493). It is thus hardly necessary to dwell very long upon thi-s careful edition of JULIAN'S letters, which form one of the greatest autobiogra- phical monuments of that age, though this was a golden age of autobiography (SYNESIUS, St. JEROME, St. AUGUSTINE!). The learned editor has provided a brief but pointed commentary and a discussion of the many spurious documents. The letters are published in chronological order. G. S.

Rostagni, Augusto. GIULIANO l'Apostata. Saggio critico con le ope- rette politiche e satiriche, tradotte e commentate (II pensiero greco, 12) Torino, FRATELLI BOCCA, 1920. Lsis

S. VII.

Bible. Latin (Vulgate) and Anglo-Saxon gospels. The Lindisfarne Gospels. 3 pl. in colour and 36 in monochrome from Cotton MS. Nero D. IV in the British Museum, with pages from two related manuscripts. Introduction by ERIC GEORGE MIILAR. London, British Museum, 1923. i91d

Lippmann, Edmund 0. von. J. RUSKA'S neue Untersuchungen fiber die Anfainge der Arabischen Alchemie. Chemiker Zeitung, 1925, Nr. 1 und 3; 7 S. Cothen, ]925. 1sis

Apropos of RUSKA'S studies on KHALID IBN YAZiD andJA'FAR AL-SADiQ (1924) for which see Isis, VII, 119-121, 183-4. G. S.

Warner, Langdon Japanese sculpture of the Suiko period. With an historical introduction by LORRAINE D'O. WARNER. 80 p., 145 pi. folio. (Published for the Cleveland Museum of Art) New Haven, Yale University Press, 1923. Iirs



S. VIII. s. ix. s. x. 535

S. VIII.

Kumarila Bhatta. The Tantravartika; a gloss on SABARA SVAM1's commentary on the Mimansa sutras of JAIMINI, translated into English by MAHAMAHOPADHYAYA GANGANATHA JHA. (Bibliotheca indica). Fasc. xviii. Calcutta, 1924. Fasc i-xv appeared from 1903-1918. Isis

al-Mufaddal. The Mufaddaliyat An anthology of ancient Arabian odes compiled according to the recension and with the commentary of ABUi MUHAMMAD AL-QASIM IBN MUHAMMAD AL-ANBARi. Edited for the first time by CHARLES JAMES LYALL (1845-1920). Vol. 3. Indexes to the Arabic text. Compiled by A. A. BEVAN, IX+ 360 p. For the E. J. W. Gibb Memorial. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924.

I3IS

Vol. 1, containing the Arabic text and vol. 2, containing the translation and notes appeared in 1918 and 1921.

S. IX.

[al-Baladhuri, Abfi-l-'Abb&s Ahmad]. The origins of the Islamic state: being a translation from the Arabic accompanied with annotations, geographic and historic notes of the Kitab Futuh al-Buldan. (Columbia University studies in history, economics. and public law) Volume 1. translated by PHILIP K HURI HITTI; volume 2 translated by FRANCIS CLARK MURGOTTEN. New York, Columbia University Press, 1916 and 1924. Isis

[Eginhard]. Vie de CHARLEMAGNE. Editee et traduite par Louis HALPHEN. (Les classiques de l'histoire de France au moyen age) xxin + 127 p. Paris, CHAMPION, 1923. [ss1

Strabo, Walafrid. Hortulus or the little garden, a ninth century poem. 33 p. illustrated, Wembley Hill, Middlesex [England], Stanton Press, 1924. I188

The introduction contains a brief biography of WALAFRID STRABO (809-849), abbot of Reichenau, known also for his Vision of Wettin. The De Cultura Hortorum or Hortulus was popular in the middle ages; first printed at Nuremberg in 1510. This translation by RICHARD STANTON LAMBERT is based on the text in Duemmler, Monumenta Ger- maniae Historia 1884. The wood cuts are by ELINOR LAMBERT.

C. W. DODGE.

S. X.

Singer, Charles and Dorothea. The origin of the medical school of Salerno, the first university. An attempted reconstruction. 18 p. (Essays on the history of medicine). Zurich, SELDWYLA, 1923.

ISIS

Clear, well-informed and well-balanced summary, followed by a selected bibliography. I quote the last paragraph : ( It is untrue that that school was founded by a Greek, a Latin, a Jew and a Saracen, but it is true that the four influences that those names represent were at work in the tenth century in South Italy. We even find an individual in South Italy practising the art of medicine and exhibiting the influence of all four cultures in his writings. As in so many cases, therefore, we may discern an element of truth at the back of the legend and may treat it, like many other legends, as but ( history misunderstood ). It is these four cultural influences, Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic, that we see



536 s. XI.

being welded together as the first University in Europe emerges into the light of historic day. )

G. S.

S. XI.

Hartmann, Richard. AL-QUSCHAIRIS Darstellung des Sufitums. Mit Uebersetzungs-Beilage und Indices. xv + 230 p. (Tiirkische Bibliothek, 18) Berlin, MAYER und MUELLER, 1914. Isis

ABU-L-QASLM 'ABD-AL-KARIM IBN HAWAZIN AL-QUSHAIRI was born, in Khurasan, in 376/986; he studied in Nishabur under the great master of Sufism, ABUf 'ALi AL-HIASAN AL-DAQQAQ and devoted himself completely to mysticism; in 448/1056 he went to Bagdad and taught tradition; he died in 465/1074 (BROCKELMANN, I, 432; HUART, 271). HARTMANN'S study is completed by a technical glossary. G. S.

Langlois, Lt Colonel A. La decouverte de 1'Amerique par les Normands vers 'an 1000: Deux sagas islandaises. 167 pp., 3 plates, 13 fig. Societe d'editions geographiques, Maritimes et Coloniales, Paris, 1924. 'si8

The author's purpose is to present to French readers in a semi-popular manner the question of the Vinland voyages, in which hitherto but little interest has been manifested in France. After a general introduction on the background of Norse life and literature, there follow French translations of the sagas of ERIK the Red and of THORFIN KARLSEFNI and SNORRI THORBRANDSSON. In Part. III, Col. LANGLOIS tackles more difficult problems relating to the identification of the places visited by the Norsemen. He steers a conservative middle course between the enthusiasts who have tried with mathematical precision to localize the landing places of the Vikings and the extreme skepticism of NANSEN who regards the sagas as wholly legendary in this respect. Following ANDREW FOSSUM (( The Norse discoverers of America )), Minneapolis 1918) and WILLIAM HOVGAARD (( The voyages of the Norsemen to Ame- rica ), Scandinavian Monographs, Vol. 1, New York, 1914), Col. LAN- GLOIS ( distinguishes two different regions for the discoveries of LEIF and KARLSEFNI ) : the Vinland of LEIF near the entrance of the St. Law- rence, and' the Hop of KARLSEFNI on the southern part of the east coast of Newfoundland. (Isis, IV, 48, 505.) J. K. W.

Mosolff, Adolf. Zahnheilkundiche Randbemerkungen zu einem Via- ticus-Text des KONSTANTIN V. Afrika. (Diss., Leipzig). 24 S. Leipzig, LEHMANN, 1924. T818

Text of marginal notes to a Viaticus in Codex 24, Ratsschulbibliothek, Zwickau. No commentary. G. S.

Porter, A. Kingsley. Romanesque sculpture of the pilgrimage roads. Volume 1. Text. xxvir+385 p ; vol. 2 to 10. Illustrations. 1527 plates. Boston, MARSHALL JONES, 1923. ISIS

Reviewed by Louis BRP.HIER in Journal des Savants, 1924, 132-5.

Salzman, Marcus. The Chronicle of AHIMAAZ. Translated with an introduction and notes. ix+106+24 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1924. ISIS

Schoy, Karl. Die Bestimmung der geographischen Breite der Stadt Ghazna. mittels Beobachtungen im Meridian durch den arabischen Astronomen und Geographen AL-BiRUNi. Annalen der Hydrogra- phie und maritimen Meteorologie, Februar 1925, 41-7. ISIs



s. xn. s. XI11 537

The latitude of Ghazna, Afghanistan, as correctly determined by AL-BiRfNi, is 33?35'. SCHOY gives a translation of the chapter of AL-QANIN AL-MAS'fUD dealing with that problem (Book IV, chapter 8) and explains very clearly the method followed. See Isis, V, 51-75, 1923; VI, 147, 1924. G. S.

S. Xll

[Maimonides.] Fi Tadbir al Sihhat. Gesundheitsanleitung des MAI- MONIDES fur den Sultan AL-MALIK AL-AFDAL. Zum ersten Male im Urtexte herausgegeben, ins Deutsche iibertragen und kritisch erlautert, von H. KRONER. Janus, t 27, 101-116, 286-300, 1923.

ISIS

Rodewald. Fritz. Eine Leipziger Anatomie angeblich aus einem (( Lucidarius Almagesti )). (Diss, Leipzig). 20 S. Leipzig, EDEL- MANN, 1924. IsIs

Post-Constantinian text edited from Codex Lipsiensis 1215, fol. 43-5. a HIaec sumpta sunt de lucidario almagesti ), with commentary. It dates probably of the end of the XII. or the beginning of the XIII. century.

G. S.

S. XIII

[Bacon, Roger]. ROGER BACON'S Letter concerning the marvelous power of art and of nature and concerning the nullity of magic. Translated from the Latin by TENNEY 1,. DAvis. Together with notes and an account of BACON'S life and work. 76 p. Easton, Pa., The Chemical Publishing Co, 1923. Isis

The present translation was undertaken by the author without knowledge of the existence of a previous, TUDOR, translation (1597, 1659). The Epistola fratris ROGERII BACONIS de secretis operibus naturae et de nullitate magiae is certainly a very interesting treatise and it deserved to be made available to a larger public, but its authenticity (or that of its last five chapters) is not by any means certain: the earliest MS., quoted by A. G. LITTLE (Bacon Commemoration Essays, 1914, 395), Tanner 116 (sec. XIII ex.) contains only chapters 1-5 and the beginning of 6 (out of 10 or 11 chapters). A study of these MSS. and a critical edition are needed before any conclusions can be drawn. According to DAVIS'S notes, that work is dated by means of two fragments of the text. Says BACON (p. 45) : ( In the 602nd Arabian year you asked me about certain secrets )) and further (p. 47). ( In the 630th Arabian year I respond to your request in this fashion. ) This, says DAVIS (adding 622 to each date) corresponds to the years A. D. 1224 and 1252. It does not. If we are to take BACON'S statements as correct ones (and BACON was well acquainted with calendrical difficulties), A. H. 602 = A. D. 1205/6 and A. H. 630 - A. D. 1232/3, dates inconsistent with BACON'S birthdate (c. 1214). The whole subject needs investigation.

G. S.

Davis, Tenney L. ROGER BACON'S Gunpowder. Army Ordnance, 3, 280, 1923. IsIs

HIME'S interpretation of the anagram is shown to be wrong. BACON'S formula was 6 parts of saltpeter, 5 of charcoal, and 5 of sulphur.

T. L. D.

Davis, Tenney L. ROGER BACON'S sound views on the practice of medicine. Medical Life, vol. 31, 473-478, 1924. Isis



538 s. xmII. s. xtv

F5rster, Else. ROGER BACON'S ? De retardandis senectutis acciden- tibus et de sensibus conservandis ) und ARNALD VON VILLANOVA'S (( De conservanda iuventute et retardanda senectute )). (Diss., Leipzig). Institut fiir Geschichte der Medizin. 19 S. Leipzig, 1924. Isis

Comparison of both treatises. VILANOVA'S treatise was not influenced by the anterior treatise devoted to the same subject by ROGER BACON.

G. S.

(ilson, Etienne. The philosophy of St. THOMAS Aquinas. Autho- rized translation from the third revised edition of ( Le Thomisme ). Translated by EDWARD BULLOUGH. Edited by G. A. ELRINGTON. xv+287 p. Cambridge, HEFFER, 1924. ISis

See Isis, V, 500.

Michieli, A. A. II Milione di MARCO POLO e un cronista del 1300. La Geografia, anno 12, n? 4-5, 153-166. Istituto Geografico de Agostini, Novara, 1924. ISis

Gives, with brief commentary, the hitherto unpublished Latin text of a short resume of MARCO POLO'S travels from a manuscript of the Chronica imaginis mundi of Fra IACOPO D'Acqui, 1328-1334. The text is of interest as showing Fra. IACOPO'S acceptance of MARCO POLO'S information regarding the religions and customs of the Oriental peoples at a time when MARCO POLO'S book was generally regarded as a fabric of lies. MICHIELI points out that the ecclesiastics of the period, more familiar with travels than others, were also usually more ready to lend credence to explorers' reports. J. K. W.

Schwind, Oskar. Zahnirztliches bei den italienischen Chirurgen des 13. Jahrhundert und bei GUY DE CHAULIAC. (Diss. Leipzig). Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin zu Leipzig. 49 S. Leipzig, CZERNOWITZ, 1924. ISIs

Seyfert, Hermann. Die Flebotomia RICHARDI Anglici. (Diss. Leipzig), 15 S. Leipzig, 1924. ISIS

Text ex Cod. Lips. 1150, without notes. G. S.

True, (onzague. La pensee de Saint THOMAS d'Aquin. Extraits les plus caracteristiques de la Somme Theologique, choisis et groupes par G. T., avec une introduction, une bibliographie et le texte latin correspondant. 328 p. in-16, PAYOT, Paris, 1925. Iis

L'auteur, a qui l'on doit, dans le meme ordre d'idees, un volume sur le ( Retour k la Solastique ?) (vi+163 p., La Renaissance du Livre, Paris, 1919), et pour qui le thomisme (! serait la verite, si la verite pou- vait appartenir a ce monde ) (p. 48), a groupS, pour donner une idee de l'nuvre de THOMAS d'Aquin, les textes les plus caracteristiques de la ( Somme ) se rapportant a Dieu,

' la creation et i la vie surnaturelle; les textes sont reproduits int'galement. I1 me semble douteux qu'avec la seule initiation que constitue l'introduction de 49 pages consacrees a la vie du Docteur Angelique et a l'examen gnferal de son ceuvre, un lec- teur puisse tirer quelque profit de ces textes qui lui paraitront herm,- tiques. L. G.

S. XIV Battelli, U. Segreti di magia e medicina medievale cavati da un codice

del e Tesoro)). Archivium Romanicum. Vol. 5, N. 2, Aprile-Giugno 1921, 26 p. Is1s

Reviewed by A. CORSINI in Janus, t. 27, 1923, 156-157. The MS. of Latini's Tresor referred to is the Laurentianus XLII, 22 which contains



S. xIv. S. xv. 539

the Italian translation traditionally ascribed to BONO GIAMBONI (XIV. cent.). The translator added a number of magical and medical secrets, which are studied in BATTELLI'S paper. G. S.

[Dante] Le opere de DANTE AIGHIERI a cura del Dr. E. MOORE. Nuovamente rivedute nel testo dal Dr PAGET TOYNBEE. Fourth edition. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924. Isis

[Eckhart]. Meister ECKHART. Translation by C. DE V. EVANS. London, WATKINS, 1924. Isis

The first rendering of ECKHART'S works in the English language. Kollert, Erna. Zwei Compendien (( de neutralitatibus decidenciae

von BERNHARD GORDON und JOHANN TORNAMIRA. (Diss., Leipzig. Aus dem Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin zu Leipzig. 32 S., Leipzig, 1924. Isis

Comparison of two texts dealing with the same subject and often using the same words : the one, shorter, ( Incipit breve compendium de neutralitatibus decidentie editum per magistrum JOHANNEM DE TORNAMIRA ) is found in a Wolfenbiittel MS. dated 1452, fol. 168-171; the other printed at the end of the Philonium of VALESCUS de Taranta, edition of 1500, and longer, is entitled JOHANNIS DE TO1NAMIIA... ad practicam medicinae isagogicus libellus. The author concludes that the first, shorter, text is probably a work of BERNARD OF GORDON, and that the second is an elaboration of the first by TORNAMIRA. Be it remembered that both men belonged to the school of Montpellier: GORDON fl. c. 1285-1318; TORNA- MIRA died c. 1390-6. G. S.

[Lal Ded]. The word of LALLA the Prophetess. Being the sayings of LAD DED or LAD DIDDI of Kashmir (Granny Lal). Known also as LALESHWARI, LALLA YOGISHWARI and LAISHRI, between 1300 and 1400 A D. Done into English verse from the Lalla-Vakyani or Lal-Wakhi and annotated by Sir RICHARD CARNAC TEMPLE, Bt. xvI+292 p. Cambridge University Press, 1924. lsis

[Petrarca]. The life of solitude. Translated, with introduction and notes by JACOB ZEITLIN. University of Illinois Press, 1924. 1s89

S XV

Bode, Wilhelm von. Die Kunst der Friihrenaissance in Italien. 624 p , 41 pl (Propyliien-Kunstgeschichte, 8). Berlin, Propy- laen-Verlag, 1923. Isis

Brunschwig, Hieronymus The Book of Cirurgia by HIERONYMUS BRUNSCHWIG Strassburg, JOHANN GRiiNINGER, 1497. With a study on BRUNSCHWIG and his work by HENRY E. SIGERIST. Milano, LIER, 1923. [$ 4.] Isis

Splendid facsimile edition of this great classic of surgery covering 272 pages. Follows SIGERIST'S biography, commentary, bibliography (16 p.). Will form a valuable addition, at a relatively low price, to any medico-historical library. G. S.

Castiglioni, Arturo. II libro della pestilenza di GIOVANNI de ALBERTIS da Capodistria (A. D. 1450). 67 p., 1 plate. Trieste, LICINIO CAPPELLI, 1924. I1is

Edition of the text JOHANNES DE ALBERTIS de Justinopoli De praeser- vatione corporum a pestilentia et de causis pestiIentiae et modis ejus, contained in the MS. 2456 (med. 115) of the National Library of Austria. This text is dedicated to the emperor FREDERICK III, who was crowned



540 s xv.

in Rome in 1452 (the last German emperor to be crowned in Rome). It dates probably of the third quarter of the XV. century - GIOVANNI DE ALBERTIS was born of a noble family in Capodistria (on Gulf of Trieste) in the beginning of the century; 'he studied in Padoa and was., in 1431, rector of the Faculty of Arts; he returned to his native city in the seventies and died there in 1488. His treatise on the plague is very similar to many other treatises of the same time and is based upon all of the authorities, chiefly Arabic, which were then held univer- sally in honor. He states that the best precaution is to leave as promptly as possible the places where the plague is raging! To the characteristic symptoms mentioned by other authors he adds from his own experience the icterine color of the skin. The edition of this text (p. 31-67) is preceded by an introduction containing a biography of the author and a general survey of previous Italian treatises on the plague. The earliest Italian description of the plague is due to the Franciscan friar MICHELE Di Piazza in his history of Sicily wherein he relates the out- break of the disease in Messina, October 1347. A valuable addition to the already abundant literature devoted to the plague. G. S.

Fischer, Hermann VITUS AUSLASSER, der erste deutsche Florist und sein Kriiuterbuch von Jahre 1479. Berichte der deutschen bota- nischen Gesellschaft, vol. 42, 156-163, 1924. Is8s

VITUS AUSLASSER, a monk born in Vomp near Schwaz in Tirol, compiled a large manuscript of synonyms and over 200 figures of native plants (Cod. lat. 5905 from Ebersberger Kloster, Miinchener Stadtbiblio- thek). This, like the Hortus Sanitatis (Mainz 1485) probably is derived from JACOBUS de Dondi (ca. 1349) published as the Aggregator practicus de simplicibus, Venet. 1499. The synonymy seems related to the Latin- German glossary to MACER FLORIDUS in Tegenseer Codex Miinchener Handschriftsammlung 18782 in South German dialect. Most of the figures in part 1 seem to be copies of older works but some were undoubtedly drawn from nature. Altho the drawing of the latter is often crude, it gives evidence of very careful observation by the artist.

CARROLL W. DODGE.

Gruindel, Elfriede. Jber das Carmen de ingenio sanitatis des Arztes und Doktor der Medizin BURCKARD von Horneck. (Diss. Leipzig). Institut fiir Geschichte der Medizin an der Universtat Leipzig. 27 S. Leipzig, GLAUSCH. 1924 ISis

This very brief medical poem was printed twice by ALBERT KUNNE in Memmingen before the end of the XV. century. Its author, BURCKARDUS de Horneck (near Heilbronn) studied in Padua; he: became physician to the emperor FREDERICK III and after the latter's death (1493) he retired in Heilbronn; in 1505 he was town physician in Wiirzburg; he died there in 1522. Hiis carmen is a purely medieval production, but it is interesting as a very remarkable condensation of contemporary popular ideas on hygiene. G. S.

Haebler, Konrad. Die deutschen Buchdrucker des XV. Jahrhunderts im Auslande. 315 p., folio, 26 pl. Mliinchen. JACQUES ROSENTHAL, 1924. 1818

Hyma, Albert. The Christian Renaissance: a history of the (( Devotio Moderna ). xvIim+501 p. Grand Rapids, Mich., Reformed Press, 1924. IsIB

Reviewed by EDWARD WAITE MILLER in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 346-348, January 1925.



s. xv. 541

Larsen, Sofus. The discovery of America twenty years before COLUMBUS. 116 p., 15 figs. Copenhagen, LEVIN and MUNKSGAARD; London, HACHETTE, 1925. Isis

On the strength of shreds of evidence from Portuguese and Scandi- navian sources the author ingeniously pieces together an argument to the effect that a Danish voyage was made to Greenland and the coast of Newfoundland shortly before 1472. Dr. LARSEN believes that the expedition was sent out by CHRISTIAN I of Denmark at the request of ALFONSO II of Portugal; that it was under the command of DIDERIK PINING and HANS POTHORST; that JOHANNES SCOLVUS (or SCOLNUS) was pilot; and that JAo VAS CORTE REAL, father of the more famous CORTE REAL brothers, took part as representative of the Portuguese king.

J. K. W.

Marx, Alexander. Some notes on the use of Hebrew type in non- Hebrew books, 1475-1520. Bibliographical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 381-408. Isis

Nunn, George E. The geographical conceptions of COLUMBUS. A critical consideration of four problems. (American geographical society. Research series, no. 14) New York, American Geogra- phical Society, 1924. 148 p. 16 ill., 2 pl. Isis

I give below the title of each problem and the author's conclusions with regard to each, using as much as possible his own words. The treatment of each problem is very clear and logical, seems complete and is well illustrated; two synoptic maps prepared by the author are very suggestive and helpful: I. The determination of the length of a terrestrial degree by COLUMBUS. ( The evidence shows COLUMBUS to have been painstaking in his inquiries and to have utilized the best information available in his time. He was in error; but his errors were of such a character as to argue convincingly for his sincerity. The ifact is that a curious set of coincident inaocuraries gave COLUMBUS every reason to believe that he had actually verified the old estimate of 56 2/3 miles to a degree. )) - II. The route of COLUMBUS on his first voyage as evidence of his knowledge of the winds and currents of the Atlantic. CoLUMBUS's navigation on his first voyage was extremely fortunate, uncannily so. (( Without an error, every hindrance was avoided and every assisting factor was utilized. This may be chance. But to the writer it seems that LAS CASAS was right, 'CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the art of navigation exceeded without any doubt all others who lived in his day. ' The same conclusion was also reached by a great yachtsman, the Earl of DUNRAVEN (not quoted by the author), in a very valuable note appended to FILSON YOUNG'S COLvUMBUS, 1906. Said DUN- RAVEN: ( A sailing ship voyaging to-day from Palos to the Bahamas and back, with all our geographical, meteorological, astronomical, and' navigational knowledge at her disposal, could not follow a better course out and home than that adopted by COLUMBUS more than four hundred years ago. ) - III. Did COLUMBUS believe that he reached Asia on his fourth voyage? ( No evidence has as yet been advanced sufficient to disprove the theory that, in 1502-1503, COLUMBUS believed himself to be on the coast of Asia. COLUMBUS died so believing. After him, BALBOA in 1513 so believed. WALDSEEMULLER and the German cartographers did not reject the ideas of COLUMBUS. In a modified form they are embodied in the SCHoNER globe (1533) and in the CABOT map of 1544. The writings of CASTAN EDA, the chronicler of the Coronado expedition, and the famous GASTALDI map of 1562 are further evidence that many of the successors of COLUMBUS continued in the same belief down into the middle of the sixteenth century. ) - IV. The identity of (( Florida ) on



542 S. xv. S. xvi

the CANTINO map of 1502. (( The continental land northwest of Isabella was not Florida. This land was drawn under the misapprehension that it was the mainland of Asia. The current ideas of eastern Asia, as shown on the BEHABI globe and the HENRICUS MARTELLUS GERMANU9

map, were used, although the gulf was placed a little too far north. We have shown how this was a compromise of the COLUMBUS and CABOT discoveries. The lands actually explored and named under the impres- sion of their being eastern Asia were: Cuba, discovered by COLUMBUS; and the northeastern coast of North America, discovered and explored by JOHN CABOT and the CORTE-REALS.. The cartographer in endeavoring to digest a mass of conflicting data - theoretical, documentary, caxto- graphical, and oral - produced the result known as the CANTINO map. ))

G. S.

Nash, William Oiles. America : the true history of its discovery. London, GRANT RICHARDS, 1924 IBIB

Stillwell, Margaret Bingham. The Fasciculus Temporum A genea- logical survey of editions before 1480. Bibliographical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 409-440. s1is

e The ( Fasciculus Temporum ) was unquestionably the most popular chronicle of its time. It recorded the world's history to date, from the Creation to 1474, the year of its official publication - with supplementary paragraphs in later editions giving the news of the hour. In a sense, it was both encyclopedia and newspaper. Judging from the number of editions issued between 1474 and 1500, it must have been one of the most widely read books of its century. ?

Leonardo da Vinci.

[Leonardo da Vinci]. I manoscritti e i disegni di LEONARDO DA VINCI pubblicati dalla Reale Commissione Vlnciana sotto gli auspici del Ministero della Istruzione Pubblica. Volume 1. I1 Codice Arundel 263, parte 1. folio. Roma, DANESI, 1923. Is1s

This part 1 deals with fol. 1 to 116 (out of 283). Phototypic reproduction with diplomatic transcription opposite each facsimile. This is followed by a critical transcription illustrated by means of simplified drawings, covering 131 pages. Introduction of 10 p. explaining the history of the Arundel MS. (now in British Museum) and the methods followed by the editors. Sumptuous publication. The second and final volume will appear very soon. G. S.

Redfield, Casper L. The father of LEONARDO DA VINCI. Medical Life, vol 31, 479-482, 1924. ISIs

REDFIELD shows that it was a biologically impossible )) for SER PIERO to be LEONARDO'S father and a that it is inconsistent with a variety of recorded circumstances to assume that he was. )) He believes it more probable that LEONARDO'S father was - AENEAS SILVIUS PICCOLO- MINI, then bishop of Siena and later Pius II. This fantastic paper may open a new kind of historical recreation: to rule out the fathers of great men who were e biologically impossible ), and to find among their contemporaries new fathers of suitable age and temperament. This may become a society game when the cross-word puzzle fad is over. G. S.

S. XVI A. - Mathematics.

Bosmans, Henri (S. J.). SIMON STEVIN. Biographie nationale [de Bel- gique], t. 23, col. 888-938, 1924. Is8s

Le Pere BOSMANS etait admirablement prepare pour ecrire cette notice biographique de STEVIN, a qui il avait deja consacr6 de nombreux me-



s. xvi. 543

moires (Isis, V, 223; VI, 155; VII, 203). Elle nous donne brievement les faits essentiels de la vie de STEVIN et 1'examen de ses travaux dans l'ordre chronologique, et est completee par une bibliographie abondante. II nous manque encore une biographie complete du grand Brugeois, lune des gloires les plus hautes de la science de son temps. Cette biographie, le Pere BOSMANS noUS la donnera-t-il? G. S.

[Stevin, Simon]. La ( Thiende )) de SIMON STEVIN. Facsimile de 1'edition originale plantinienne de 1585. Avec une introduction par H BOSMANS. S. J. (Soci6te des Bibliophiles Anversois, Edition no 38) 42+38 p. Anvers, Marche du Vendredi. 22, 1924. Is8I

Facsimile edition of the Thiende, an extremely rare booklet published at Leyden in 1585, with a learned introduction by Father BOSMANS, to whom we owe already so many Stevinian studies (Isis, V, 223; VI, 155). The Thiende (i. e. the Tithe) is a work of great importance in the history of science for it contains two discoveries of the very first order: (1) that decimal fractions can be used systematically, exclusively of other fractions, in every kind of computation; (2) that coins, weights and measures ought to be decimalized. The first idea is generally understood, but STEVIN does not always receive enough credit for it. One may discuss as to the origin of decimal fractions but there is no doubt that STEVIN'S Tithe was the earliest treatise containing a complete explanation of their use. It is strange to think that the second idea is not yet understood at least by the English speaking nations. STEVIN saw clearly in 1585 that the use of decimal fractions entailed logically that of a decimal system; that is, he saw as early as 1585 what many civilized people are not yet able to see in 1925! This gives us a very high notion of his genius, a notion fully confirmed by his many other achievements. He is one of the greatest men of the XVI. century. A copy of this beautiful edition aught to be in the library of every mathematician. It contains a reproduction of STEVIN'S portrait kept at the University of Leyden. A French translation of the Thiende (La Disme), prepared by STEVIN himself, was published in the same year, 1585, as an appendix to his Arithmetique, by the same printer, PLANTIN of Leyden. The editor's introduction contains a careful analysis of the work with many extracts from the French text. It would perhaps be worth while to publish a facsimile copy of the Disme too; maybe this will be the next gift of the Bibliophiles Anversois. See fig. 4 in this Critical Bibliography. G. S.

B. - Physical Sciences and Technology.

Birkenmajer, Ludwik Antoni. Stromata Copernicana. Studja, pos- zukiwania i materjaly biograficzne. Z jedna rycina w tekscie. 404 p. W Krakowie, Nakladem Polskiej Akademji Umiejetnosci, 1924. "ts

I hope to be able to publish a long analysis of this important work in a forthcoming number of Isis. For previous works of same author on COPERNICUS, see Isis, VII, 203, 204). G. S.

C. - Natural Sciences.

ECartier, Jacques]. The voyages of JACQUES CARTIER published from the originals with translations, notes and appendices by H. P. B1GGAR. (Publications of the Public Archives of Canada, 11) xiv+?330p., 17 pi. (including facsimiles of contemporary maps). Ottawa, King's Printer, 1924. Isi8



544 s. xvI.

For critical reviews of this thoroughly scholarly edition of CARTIER'S voyages, see Can. Hist. Rev., vol. 5, 1924, pp. 356-357; Amer. Hist. Rev., vol. 30, 1925, pp. 396-397. J. K. W.

Contarini, Oio Matteo. A map of the world designed by CONTARINI,

Engraved by FRAN. ROSELLI, 1506. 15 p. with facsimile map. London, British Museum. 1924. isis

Facsimile of the earliest known printed map showing the discoveries in America, with brief introduction and list of names with transcripts of the legends. For a fuller discussion, see EDWARD HEAWOOD'S article in Geographical Journal, vol. 16, 1923, pp. 279-293 (Isis, VII, 205, 206).

J. K. W.

Manfroni, Camillo. Nel quarto centenario del ritorno della ((Victoria)); nota preventiva. Venezia, 1922. (Atti del Reale istituto veneto di scienza, lettere ed arti. Anno accademico 1921-1922, tomo 81- parte seconda.) ISis

Rubio, Jose Pulido. El Piloto Mayor de la Casa de la Contrataci6n de Sevilla; Pilotos Mayores del Siglo XV1 (Datos biograficos). (Publicaciones del Centro Oficial de Estudios Americanistas de Sevilla, Biblioteca Colonial Americana, t. X) viii + 299 p Seville, ZARZUELA, 1923. Isis

Reviewed by E. L. STEVENSON in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 386-87, January, 1925.

Watson, Foster. RICHARD HAKLUYT, 99 p. (Pioneers of Progress Series). London, Sheldon Press, 1924. isis

D. - Aedical Sciences

Hohne, Hellmut, JAN VAN HEURNE und die Zahnheilkunde. (Diss. Leipzig). Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin an der Universitat zu Leipzig. 24 S. Leipzig, 1924. Isis

JAN VAN HEJURNE (JOHANNES HEURNIUS), born in Utrecht, 1543; studied in Louvaii, Paris, Padua, finally in Pavia where he obtained his M. D. in 1571; he became professor of medicine in Leyden and died in 1601. He wrote many medical treatises, most of which were only published after his death. G. S.

Radecke, Wilhelm. Das Zahnbiichlein des W. RYFF. (Diss. Leipzig). Institut fiir Geschichte der Medizin an der Universitit Leipzig. 24 S. Leipzig, EDELMANN. 1924. s1is

WALTER HERMANN RYFF (alias RUFF, RIFFUS, RYF, REIFF, GUALTHERUS H. RivIUS) was born in Strassburg, and lived there c. 1541; he lived later in Francfort, Mainz and in Niirnberg where he was town physician in 1549-51; he died before 1562. He was a very prolific writer (or rather compiler) and editor. Among his many works is one undated, in three parts : 1. Ueber die Augen; 2. Ueber die Zihne; 3. Das Zahnen ziugender Kindlein. It is assumed that 1 and 2 appeared before 1544 and 3 in 1544 or soon later. G. S.

Robertson, W. G. Aitchison. ( The breviarie of health ) by ANDREW BOORDE. Annals of medical history, 6, 470-474, 1924. IsiS

ANDREW BOORDE (or BORDE) was born at Boords Hill, near Cuckfield, Sussex, c. 1490, and thirty years later he was appointed suffragan bishop of Chichester; he belonged to the Carthusian order. He travelled exten- sively in Europe and was apparently of a restless disposition. He died on April 25, 1549, in the Fleet prison in London to which he had been



s. xvi. 545

removed ( on its being discovered that he had kept a brothel for his brother-bachelors ). His ( Breviarie of Health ) completed in 1546 was printed in London by THOMAS ESTE in 1598. It ( consists of a compendium of diseases arranged without method, though nominally the sub- jects are grouped under their Greek or Arabic names. Each subject begins with a short description of the meaning and derivation of the title. This is followed iby a brief account of the causes of the disease, succeeded by q a remedy ) which consists mainly of an enumeration of the various drugs which may be administered ). The author gives a brief analysis and various extracts of this work. Another work of BoORDE, ( The fyrst Boke of the Introduction of knowledge. The whyche dothe teache a man to speake parte of all maner of languages, and to know the usage and fashion of all maner of countreys. And for to know the moste parte of all maner of coynes of money, the whych is currant in every region ), was reprinted in 1870, by J. F. FURNIVALL, for the Early English Text Society. G. S.

E. - Alia.

Brun, A Recherches historiques sur 1'introduction du FranSais dans les provinces du Midi. (These). Paris, CHAMPION, 1923. xvi + 508 p. L'introduction de la langue francaise en Bearn et en Roussillon, ibidem. 94 p. (These complementaire). ISSl

Reviewed by LUCIEN FEBVRE in Revue de Synthese historique, t. 38, pp. 37-53, 1924. ( Le livre de M. BRUN demontre precisement ceci: le francais s'est introduit dans le Midi entre 1450 et 1600. )

Chappell, A. F. The enigma of RABELAIS; an essay in interpretation. Cambridge, University Press, 1924. sisI

Cole, George Watson. Elizabethan Americana. Bibliographical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924. p. 161-177. IsIs

Cooper, W. B. The life and work of WILLIAM TINDALE. XVII + 54 p. London, LONGMANS, 1924. Isis

Coriat, Isador, H. RABELAIS, the physician. Annals of medical history, vol. 6, 457-465, 1924. isBs

Klar,'il, Victor von (editor). The FUGGER news-letters. Being a selection of unpublished letters from the correspondents of the House of FUGGER during the years 1568-1605. Authorized translation by PAULINE DE CHARY. Foreword by H. GORDON SELFRIDGE. London, JOHN LANE, 1924. 1sI9

Law, Ernest. SHAKESPEARE'S garden, Stratford-upon-Avon. 34 p. London, SELWYN and BLOUNT, 1922. ISrs

Smith, Preserved. ERASMUS : a study of his life, ideals and place in history. xiv + 479 p. New York, HARPER, 1923. ISIs

Reviewed by E. EMERTON in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, pp. 348-49, January 1925.

Strohl. Henri. L'epanouissement de la pensee religieuse de LUTHER de 1515 a 1520. (Etudes d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses publiees par la Faculte de Theologie Protestante de l'Universite de Stras- bourg, 9) 424 p. Strasbourg, ISTRA, 1924.

Reviewed by PRESERVED SMITH in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, pp. 349-351, January 1925.

VOL. vui-4. 36.



546 s. XVII.

Wagner, Henri R. Sixteenth-century Mexican imprints. Bibliogra- phical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 249-268.

IBIS

S. XVII

A. - Mathematics.

Bortolotti, Ettore. La scoperta e le successive generalizzazioni di un teorema fondamentale di calcolo integrale. Archivio di Storia della Scienza, 1924, 205-'227.

The theorem Xn' dx = _- was enunciated by CAVALIERI, J . 9+1

when n is a positive integer, and proved for the first four values of n. The generalization of that theorem to a.l cases when n is rational, positive or negative, is generally ascribed to FERMAT. The author proves that it should be ascribed to TORRICELLI. By May 1646, TORRICELLI knew already how to integrate (even in infinite intervals) and to derivate the function y = Xa for every rational value of a. G. S.

Bosmans, Henri (S. J.) HENRI STEVENS. Biographie nationale [de Bel- gique], t. 23, col. 884-8, 1924. isil

HENRI, fils de SIMON STEVLN et de CATHERINE KRAI, naquit vers 1614, sans doute dans les Pays-Bas septentrionaux. II publia une collection de memoires de son pere, mis en ordre et annot6s (Materiae Politicae, Leyden, 1649), et un autre ouvrage (Wiscontisch Fiulosofisch Bedrijf, Leyden, 1667), avec un atlas, qui est plus personnel mais contient cependant plusieurs idees de son pere et meme quelques fragments inedits de l'ouvre de celui-ci. G. S.

Loria, Gino. DESCARTES e la teoria dei numeri. Bolletino di Matematica. Bologna, 1923, 11 p. Isis

Reviewed by Father H. BosMANS in Revue des Questions scientifiques, octobre 1924, pp. 21-22.

Picard, lmile. PASCAL mathematicien et physicien. Bulletin des sciences mathematiques, 2e ser , t. 47, Paris, 1923, Ire partie, pp. 257-267. ISIs

Reviewed by Father H. BOSMANS in Revue des Questions scientifiques, octobre 1924, pp. 17-21.


Almagif, Roberto. Intorno ad alcune grandi carte d'Italia del se- colo xvii. L'Universo, anno 5, n? 5, 853-882, map. Istituto Geogra- fico Militare, Florence, 1924. Isis

A handsome map entitled Italia nova di G. A. MAGINI, 1608, was drawn from data used by MAGINI in the preparation of his famous atlas, the Italia. At the time when Professor ALMAGIX published his monograph on the Italia (Isis, VI, 1,64) only one copy of the Italia nova was known. Since then another and more perfect copy has come to light in the Bibliotheque nationale, Paris. This is discussed in the; present study together with tvwo other hitherto unnoticed maps of Italy also in the Bibliotheque nationale, those of LUIGI ROSACCIO, 1606, and of MATTEO GREUTER, 1630. J. K. W.



S. xVII. 547

[Oraaf, Reinier De, 1641-73] REGNERI DE GRAAF de mulierum organis generationi inservientibus tractatus novus. Demonstrans tam homines et animalia caetera omnia, quae vivipara dicuntur, haud minus quam ovipara ab ovo originem ducere. Capita XII et XIII. Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica. Fase. IV, Amster- dam 1922, 160-213. isis

The importance of DE GRAAF'S work on the female sexual organs, published in 1672, needs no underlining. It its a classic of anatomical literature. The chapters 12 and 13, the text of which is here reproduced, are especially important, as they contain one of the earliest descriptions of the organs called after him Graafian vesicles and explain the function of the ovaries. An old Dutch translation is printed opposite the Latin text. G. S.

Lacy Mary G. An early agricultural periodical. Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1919, vol. 1, 1923, 445-453. IsrB

Periodical published in England by JOHN HOUGHTON, first in the form of letters : A collection of letters for the improvement, of husbandry and trade (letters dated 1681-3) and later in a more regular issue which began in 1692 and ran through September 24, 1703. The second collection, Husbandry and Trade Improved, was a real periodical appearing regularly once or twice a week. It was reprinted in 3 vol., London, 1727, again in 1728. JOHN HOUGHTON, F. R. S. (1640-1705), was supported in this undertaking by many prominent men of his day. ( HOUGHTON'S obsc-vations on the potato are especially interesting as the field cultiva- tion of the plant began about the time HOUGHTON wrote, or from 1680 to 1690. )) G. S.

[Oddsson, Bishop Oisli. 1593-1638]. Annalium in Islandia farrago and De mirabilibus Islandiae. Edited by HALLDOR HERMANNSSON. Islandica, vol. 10, Ithaca, N. Y., 1917. ISIs

[Olafsson, Jbn (Indiafari), 1593-1679]. The life of the Icelander JON OLAFSSON, traveller to India; written by himself and completed about 1661 A. D. with a continuation, by another hand, up to his death in 1679. Translated from the Icelandic edition of SIGFUS BLONDAL, by BERTHA S. PHILLPOTTS, Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge. Volume 1. Life and travels: Iceland, England, Den- mark, White Sea, Faroes, Spitzbergen, Norway 1593-1622. Edited by the translator. xxxv + 238 p., 6 ill. London, the Hakluyt Society, 1923. isIS

< The autobiography of J6N OLAFSSON, Traveller to the Indies, remained unprinted in Icelandic, save for a few excerpts, until 1908-9, when an edition by Mr. SIOFUS BLNDIAL, Librarian of the Royal Library, was published in Copenhagen by the Icelandic Literary Society. The text in this edition, which was based on a scholarly collation of the extant MSS., has been implicitly followed in the English translation. ) The translation was made under the constant supervision of the Danish editor, SIGFUS BLONDAL. A great many footnotes elucidate the text and various indexes complete its availability. G. S.

Popelka, Fritz. Die Landesaufnahme Inneristerreichs von JOHANNES CLOBUCCIAR1CH, 1601-1605. 35 pp. 29 plates. Graz, ULR. MOSER, 1924. si8s

CLOBUCCIARICH, Augustinian monk and prior of Firstenfeld, Styria, was called upon by the Hapsburg archduke governing Inner Austria (i. e. Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Gorz, and North Istria) to carry out



548 s. xviI.

a survey and' to construct a map of this region. The map was never completed. CLOBUCCIARICH'S sketches and panoramas are here published with introductory comment. They are of more than local interest as illustrating in some detail the crude topographical field methods that were employed before the development of triangulation and geodetic sur- veying. J. K. W.

Quinan, Clarence. White Indians of Darien. Science, vol. 60, 476-7, 1924. tsi

Apropos of a passage in LIONEL WAFER. A new voyage and description of the Isthmus of America. Reprinted from the original edition of 1699. Cleveland, The BURROWS Brothers, 1903.

Stevens, Henry N. The DE BRY collector's painefull peregrination along the pleasant pathway to perfection. Bibliographical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES. 1924, p. 269-276. 11S8

Apropos of the wonderful series of illustrated Voyages and Travels edited and putblished by THEODORE DE BRY and his descendants. (( When it is remembered that the publication of that great work, in parts, extended over a period of no less than fifty-five years (1590 to 1644 inclusive), the extreme difficulty of securing anything like a complete Collection is readily apparent. A straight set in single editions com- prises 57 Parts. ) G. S.

[Walaeus, Johannes, 1604-1649] JOHANNIS WALAEI Epistolae duae: de Motu Chyli, et Sanguinis : ad THOMAM BARTHOLINUM, CASP. filium. Edicio undecima. [First edition 1640]. Opuscula selecta Neerlandi- corum de arte medica. Fasc. IV. Amsterdam 1922, 36-158. Isis

The importance of these two letters, which JAN DE WALE, professor in Leiden, addressed to THOMAS BAnTHOLIN in 1640 has already been explained by A. H. ISRAELS and C. B. DANIELS in their Dutch paper on (( The merits of Dutch physicians with regard to HAnvrEY's theory of circulation ), Utrecht, 1883. DE WALE had at first been opposed to IHARVEY'S theory on purely theoretical grounds; but later he decided to make an experimental study of the subject, which obliged him to change his mind. His two letters to BAIITHOLIN contain an account of his experiments and a warm defense of HARVEY. One incidental passage (p. 42) deserves special mention : ( Solidum cibum in vivis canibus saepissime conspeximus eum in ventriculo ordinem, quo assumptus est, observare: nisi nimio potu distentus ventriculus fluctuare cibum, et eum ordinem permittat immutari. ) One has had to wait until the time of GRiiTZNE for a confirmation of this observation, and most people still believe that our food is all mixed up in the stomach. The Latin text is reproduced together with a Dutch translation by N. VAN ASSENDELFT which appeared in Amsterdam in 1650. G. S.

D. - Medical Sciences.

Auletius, Alardus. c. 1545-1606]. Monitio ad illustres et amplissimos dominos Ordines Frisiae, de reformanda praxi medica. Frane- kerae, Aegidii Radaei, 1603. Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica. Fasc. IV. Amsterdam 1922, 1-35. Isis

Reprint of the petition sent by AULETIUS, professor of medicine at Franeker, to the States of Friesland to ask for a reorganization of public health and of the medical profession. Dutch translation by rabbi A. AssCHIER opposite the Latin text. No notes. G. A.

Bell, Walter George. The great plague in London in 1665. London, LANE, 1924. sis



s. xvii. 549

Johnsson, J. W. S. Storia della peste avvenuta nel Borgo di Busto Arsizio 1630. Manuscrit original, appartenant autrefois a la bibliotheque Belgiojosa, a Milan. 213 p. Copenhague, HENRIK KOPPEL, 1924. 18s8

La peste milanaise de 1630 est l'une des mieux connues; non seulement CESARE CANTit et d'autres erudits lui ont consacre des etudes minu- tieuses, mais, de plus, la description admirable qu'en a donnee ALES- SANDRO MANZONI dans I promessi sposi (un des chefs-d.'uvre de la littk- rature universelle) l'a rendue familiere a un nombre immense de lecteurs. Nous devons au Dr JOHNSSON, dont les travaux out ete si souvent ana- lyses dans Isis, la publication d'un texte nouveau se rapportant a la meme epidemie, telle qu'elle sevit, non pas a Milan meme, mais dans une ville voisine, Borgo di Busto Arsizio, situee a 34 kilometres au nord de Milan. Ce texte fut apparemment ecrit apres 1641, par un chanoine de cette localite, qui en fut un tkmoin oculaire. Soit dit en passant, G. STICKER a remarque (Die Pest, 1908-10) que les meilleures descriptions de la peste sont dues i des personnes qui n'appartenaient point a la profession m6dicale. L'edition de ce texte (pp. 9-131) parait avoir ete faite avec beaucoup de soins; elle est suivie de notes se rapportant surtout a la partie medicale et d'un apercu historique fort bien ecrit (pp. 151-209). Cet aperqu est divise comme suit: 1. Introduction; 2. Institutions sanitaires; 3. Les causes de la peste; 4. L'hygiene pendant l'epidemie; 5. La fin de l'bpidemie; Index des noms de personnes; Bibliographie. La troisieme partie est tout particulierement interessante, car elle nous offre un nouvel exemple d'epidemie mentale. La peste de Milan fut, en effet, attribuee a la distribution d'un onguent empoisonne par des graisseurs ((( untori ))). Les souplons stupides de la foule se concentrerent sur deux infortunes, MORA et PIAZZA, qui furent condamnes ai mort et executes le 2 aofit 1630, dans des circonstances particulierement atroces. Ensuite, les ( cadavres furent brules, et les cendres jetkes a la riviere. La maison de MORA fUt demolie, et sur son emplacement on erigea une colonne d'infamie portant une longue inscription latine ). Des milliers d'innocents furent sacrifies de ila mdme manaiere. Cette epouvant'able per- version judicinaire etait certainement plus terrible que le fleau, lui-mdme. ( L'epidemie sevit implacablement jusqu'aux mois d'aofit et de sep- tembre 1630; tout a coup, elle s'eteignit comme par miracle. Apres un orage de deux jours, l'atmosphlre alourdie se rafraichit, et, en moins d'une semaine, la peste disparut completement; on ne vit plus de nouveaux cas, et la vie reprit commme autrefois ). Cette disparition soudaine fut naturellement attribuee a l'intervention de Santa Maria delle Grazie. Cette epidemie fut l'une des plus cruelles qui. eussent jamais sevi; le nombre de morts s'eleva a Milan au moins a 86,000, c'est-a-dire a plus de la moitie de la population totale. Cette etude excellente est admirablement presentke aux frais de la Fondation Carls'berg, qui merite de partager les remerciements dfo a l'auteur. G. S.

Moschcowitz, Ell. The first editions of Sir THOMAS BROWNE. Annals of medical history, vol 6, 363-368, 7 figs., 1924. Isis

Posern. Helmut. Zahnheilkunde in den Werken LAZARE R1vIERE'S.

(Diss.) Leipzig 29 S. Leipzig, EMIL GLAUSCH, 1924. IsBs

LAZARE RIVIERE (Montpellier, 1589; died in 1655), author of many medical works which enjoyed much popularity. G. S.

Sudhoff, Karl. THOMAS SYDENHAM (1624-1689). Ein Wort zu seinem 300. Geburstag. Miinchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1924, S. 1322-1324. IS8i



550 s. xvIII

[Sydenham, Thomas. 1624-1689]. Selected works of THOMAS SYDEN- HAM. With a short biography and explanatory notes by J. D. COMRIE. London, BALE, sons, and DANIELSSON, 1924. I8Is

E. - Alia.

[Burthogge, Richard. 1638-1698]. The philosophical writings of RICHARD BURTHOGGE. Edited with introduction and notes by MAR- GARET W. LANDES. XXIV + 245 p. Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Co., 1921. Isis

Pord, Worthington Chauncey. The New England Primer. Biblio- graphical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 61-65.

I818

S. XVIII.

A.- Mathematics.

Newton; Cotes; (auss; Jacobi. - Vier grundlegende Abhandlungen iiber Interpolation uud genaherte Quadratur (1711, 1722, 1814, 1826). Uebers. u. herausg. u. mit einem erlauternden Anhang versehen von ARNOLD KOWALEWSKI. VlII + 104 S. 8?m. 6 Fig. Leipzig, WALTER DE GRUYTER, 1917. Isis

Diese schitzenswerte Ausgabe verdankt der experimentell-psycho- logischen Forschung des Verf., der er einen besseren mathem. Apparat schaffen will, ihre Entstehung. Bei den recht guten sachlichen und historischen Anmerkungen hatte er sich der Hilfe seines math. Bruders GERHARD ZU erfreuen. Sie waren aber noch besser geworden, wenn ihm die Abhdlg. v. BLAUNMiiHLS in der Bibl. math. (3) 2 (1901) bekannt geworden ware. H. W.

Pearson, Karl. Historical note on the origin of the normal curve of errors, Biometrika, vol. 16, pp. 402-404, December, 1924. ,sis

The first paragraph of this very interestIng note is as follows: a It is usual to attribute the discovery of the Normal Curve of Errors to GAUSS. This is solely due to the fact that LAPLACE'S, Th6orie analytique des Pro- babilites, was published in 1812, and to this most writers have referred. But LAPLACE'S, Memoire sur les Probabilites, was published in the His- toire de l'Academie des Sciences in 1778, and this memoir contains the normal curve function, and emphazises the importance of tabulating the probability integral. Nay, we may go further and say that LAPLACE in 1774 (Memoires... presentes i l'Acaddmie, t. VI, p. 6) when discussing BAYES' Theorem had also reacihed the exponential curve of errors as an approximation to the hypergeometrical series. All GAUSS' work falls into the 19th century. His Th'eoria motus corporum coelestium was published in 1809, his theory of least squares and his theory of combination of observations being of a still later date. There is, I think, not a doubt that LAPLACE'S name ought to be associated with the normal curve and the probability integral before GAUSS'. 0

But PEARSON has discovered that DE MOIvnE, in some editions of his Miscellanea Analytica, published a treatment of the probability integral at a time long antedating the work of LAPLACE and GAUSS. Many copies of the Miscellanea Analytica have an attached ( Supplementum n with separate pagination, and ending in a table of 14 figure logarithms of factorials from 10! to 900! by differences of 10. But only a very few copies have a second Supplement also with separate pagination (1-7) and dated Nov. 12, 1733. This Supplement is entitled (( Approximatio ad



s. xvIII. 551

summam terminorum binomii (a+b)n in seriem expansi ). It contains the first known treatment ( of the probability integral, and essentially of the normal curve. It antedates LAPLACE'S discussion by half-a-century )). PEARSON then goes on to analyse DE MOIVRE'S supplement in detail. R. C. A.

Simons, Lao (enevra. Algebre at Harvard College in 1730. Ameri- can Mathematical Monthly, vol. 32. 63-70, 3 facsimiles, 1925. iais

Simons, Lao Oenevra. Introduction of algebra into American schools in the eighteenth century. Department of the Interior, Bureau of education. Washington, 1924. 80 p. 1sis

Contents: 1. Foreign influences leading to the introduction of algebra into American education. 2. Algebra at Harvard in 1730. 3. The notebook of a Princeton student. 4. A mathematical notebook from the University of Pennsylvania. 5. Manuscript material from miscellaneous sources. 6. Commencement theses. 7. Mathematical theses of Harvard College. 8. College records and writings of professors and presidents. 9. Evidences of the use of foreign textbooks. 10. The first books containing algebra published in the new world. 11. Eighteenth century books on algebra iby American authors. 12. Algebra and advertissements. 13. Summary. A chronological list of American algebra text-books to 1820.

The earliest American algebra appeared in New York, 1730, in Dutch: (( Arithmetica of Cyffer-Konst. Volgens de Munten Maten en Gewigten, te Nieu-York, gebruykelyk Als Mede Een kort ontwerp van de Algebra Opgestelt door PIETER VENEMA, Mr. in de Mathesis en Schryf-Konst. Neu-York. Gedruckt door JACOB GOELET, by de Oude- Slip, by J. PETER ZENGER. MDCCXXX. ) The first English algebra appeared only more than half a century later in 1788. Two other alge- bras (both in English) appeared before the end of the xviii. century, and also a second edition of the first one, PIKE'S. Thus four (five) alge- bras appeared in the xvii. century: one, the earliest, in Dutch; the others in English. See fig. 1 and 2 in this 17th Critical Bibliography (Courtesy of New York Historical Society). G. S.

Stammler, Oerhard. BERKELEYS Philosophie der Mathematik. Kant- studien Nr. 55. Pan Verlag ROLF HEISE, Charlottenburg 2, 1922. 72 p., gr. 8o. 1sis

Schone Arbeit. BERKELEYS Stellungnahme im (( Treatise ) (1710) und im a Analyst ) (1734) werden einander gegeniibergestellt. BERKELEYS Angriffe gegen die Infinitesimalrechnung sowohl NEWTONS als LEIB- NIZENS sind richtig beurteilt. Verwunderlich ist, dass B.'S Protest gegen die ( general abstract ideas ) (z. B. eines allgemeinen Dreiecks) gebil- ligt word (p. 22). CAJORIS Buch von 1919 (Isis, V, 156) war dem Verf. nicht bekannt. H. W.


Bopp, Karl. LEONHARD EULERS und JOHANN HEINRICH LAMBERTS Brief- wechsel. (Abhandlungen der preussischen Akademie der Wissen- schaften. Jahrgang 1924. Phys.-Math. Klasse. Nr. 2) 45 S. Berlin, 1924. isis

Edition of 17 letters exchanged between EULER and LAMBERT from 1758 to 1772. They deal almost exclusively with scientific topics. One letter is written in German, all others in French. The editor has added a note on the experiments on resistance in vacuum dealt with in the letters, and tables relative to the experiments on the motion of a pendulum in



552 s. xvir.

vacuum made in 1760. An index of proper names ought to have been added. G. S.

Palmer, Charles Skeeler. Centigrade thermometer due to LINNAEUS, not CELSIUS ? Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 803, 1924. ss18

Stephenson, Orlando W. The supply of gunpowder in 1776. The American Historical Review, vol. 30, 271-281, January, 1925. isIs


Eberle, Wilhelm. Der Niirnberger Kartograph JOHANN BAPTISTA HOMANN. Zu seinem 200. Todestage. Ein Lebensbild. Mitteilun- gen und Jahresberichte der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Niirn- berg, 3 Jhrg., 1923-1924. 24 pp., 1 ill. Nuremberg, 1924. Is81

Brief biographical sketch of the great cartographer, HOMANN (1664-1724),. At the close of the seventeenth century French and Dutch maps and atlases were widely used throughout Germany. In 1702, HOMANN set up a eartographical establishment in Nuremberg, the pro- duct of which soon replaced foreign maps in the German market. HOMANN'S maps and atlases also marked a technical improvement over earlier works. In the representation of relief they showed a significant advance: caterpillar mountain-ranges were replaced by a primitive style of hachuring on some, and on others, by shading representing the oblique illumination of the landscape. The lack of astronomically determined positions was still, however, a great obstacle in the way of cartographic accuracy. J. K. W.

Meisel, Max. A bibliography of American natural history. The Pioneer Century, 1769-1865. Volume 1. An annotated bibliography of the publications relating to the history, biography and bibliography of American natural history and its institutions, during colonial times and the pioneer century, which have been published up to 1924; with a classified subject and geographic index; and a bibliography of biographies. 244 p. New York, PREMIER Publishing C?, 1924. IePi

(( This work aims to trace bibliographically the rise and progress of natural history in the United States, from the formation of an active American Philosophical Society at Philadelphi.a in 1769, to the close of the Civil Wa.r in 1865. It purposes to show bibliographically the 1es- pective roles played by the various individual institutions in the development and increase of knowledge in American botany, geology, mineralogy, palaeontology, and zoology, during this period, which may appropriately be called the Pioneer Century of American Natural History... The Biblio- graphy aims to record the natural history contents of the publications of nearly ninety societies; of twenty-five journals; of thirty-six state geological and natural history surveys; of fifteen natural history museums and botanic gardens, and of over seventy federal exploring expeditions and surveys... The work is, divided into two principal parts which are designed briefly to give as follows: Part (A), Bibliographical material pertaining to the Pioneer Century and Colonial Times; Part (B), A Bibliographical Portrait of the Pioneer Century. The latter occupies the major portion of the book. )) Vol. II, III.) The contents of vol. I are well indicated in its long subtitle. This book will be of very great value to the student of American science. The classified index will allow each ,specialist to retrace easily the history of his American pre- decessors. I quote a few headings by way of illustration: algae, Algon- kian, anthropology, arboriculture, botany, coleoptera, Colonial Times, etc.



S. XVIII. 553

Then follows a geographical index which will make it equally easy to prepare an account of scientific work done in a special state, section or locality. Finally, we are given a long list of biographies and biblio- graphies of the pioneer American scientists (pp. 156-244). Many Ame- rican scholars, not to speak of European ones, have not yet realized that the history of that pioneer century of American intellectual life is extremely interesting; a very large amount of work was done and, if some of it was rather erratic or childish (as much of the contemporary work in Europe), this was amply compensated by all the qualities of youth and the fascination of romance. I often think that lack of organization is a lesser eviil than over-organization, and the lack of method is positively less ugly and less offensive than the premature fossilization caused by excessive methodizing. I look forward to the prompt publication of vol. 2 and 3 of this important work. G. S.

Warner, Marjorie Fleming. The earliest American book on kitchen gardening. Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1919. vol. 1, 1923. 433-442 Isis

The earliest such book is not ROBERT SQUIBB: The Gardener's Kalendar for South Carolina, Georgia and North Carolina (Charleston, 1787) but another work which can be ascribed to JOHN RANDOLPH, jr. (1727-84), the last King's attorney of Virginia. Editions of RANDOLPH'S earlier than 1793 have not been identified however. Thus SQUIBB'S Kalendar remains the earliest extant. G. S.


Bast, Theodore H. The life and work of SAMUEL THOMAS von SmM- MERRING [1755-1830]. Annals of medical history, vol. 6, 369-386, 2 fig., 1924. IBsI

Cumston, Charles Greene. Historical notes on smallpox and inocula- tion. Annals of medical history, vol. 6, 465 469, 1 fig., 1924.

Cumston, Charles Greene. Quelques notes historiques sur l'inocula- tion en Europe. Janus, t. 27, 255-258, 1923. IlSi

[Fremery,Nicolaas Cornelius de. 1770-1844] Dissertatio medica inau- guralis, de mutationibus figurae pelvis, praesertim iis, quae ex ossium emollitione oriuntur. Lugdini Batavorum, 1793, Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica. Fasc. IV. Amsterdam 1922, 214-339. IsIs

This study on the shape of the female pelvis and of its pathological changes, especially those caused by rachitis and osteomalacia, is followed by obstetrical indications. The publication of the Latin text was made upon the recommendation of HECTOR TRAUB; a Dutch translation by rabbi A. ASSCtIER is added. G. S.

Goulard, Roger. De quelques medecins embastilles pour calomnies (XVIIIe siecle). Bul. soc. frang. hist. med., t. 17, 309-319, 1924.

Jeanselme, E. et Lecene, P. La cure radicale des " ruptures ou descentes au XVIII siecle en Albanie. Bul. soc. tranc. hist. med., t. 18, 296-298, 1924. ISis

[Jenner, Edward.] An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, a disease discovered in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the cow pox. London, 1798. iv + 77 p. Facsimile edition published in 1923, the centenary of JENNER'S death, in an edition limited to 500 copies, by R. LIER, Milan. sIBS



554 s. xvIII.

Peachey, George C. A memoir of WILLIAM and JOHN HUNTER. 300 p., 6 portraits. Plymouth, WILLIAM BRENDON, 1924. 1I1s

RuhrAh, John. WILLIAM HICKEY. Annals of medical history, t. 6, 484-486, 1924. Isis

Born in 1749. He was a great traveller and gave a good account of an epidemic of scurvy which occurred on a voyage home from India on the Nassau in 1779. (( It was in this and the following decade that scurvy took such a heavy toll both in the navy and the mercantile marine. ) This account is here printed without indication of source, with a brief introduction. The author gives no bibliographical references but mentions that HICKEY is not to be found in the Dictionary of National Biogratphy. This omission is certainly regrettable (( for of all the writers of readable memoirs he certainly deserves a place in the first rank. No other writer describing his personal experiences during the Georgian era presents such a lively, spirited description of the life of the time. ) G. S.

Vossmann, Josef. Zahnarztliches bei LAURENTIUS HEISTER. (Di8s., Leipzig). Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin an der Universitat Leipzig. 33 S. Leipzig, EDELMANN, 1924. STSl

LORE.NZ HEISR (born in Francfort, 1683 - died in Bornum, 1758) was the author of the earliest comprehensive treatise on surgery in German : Chirurgie, Niirnberg, 1718 (often reprinted and translated in Latin, Spanish, English, French, Italian),. The author has extracted from this and other works of HEISTER (chiefly his Compendium anatomicum, 1717), the passages of special interest to the dentist. G. S.

E. - Alia. Bonar. James. MALTHUS and his work. Second edition. vII + 438 p.

London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1924. Isis

First published in 1885.

Botsford, Jay Barrett. English society in the eighteenth century as influenced from oversea. II + 388 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1924. 1BIs

Reviewed by A. L. C. in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 389, January 1925.

Kent, Henry W. Chez MOREAU de SAINT-MERY. Philadelphie. Biblio- graphical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 66-78.

ISIS

M. L. E. MOREAU DE SAINT-MI]RY, born at Fort-Royal, Martinique, in 1750, died at Paris, 1819. Best known by his descriptions of San Domingo, 1796-1798. G. S.

Linford, Madeline. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759-1797). (The Road- maker Series). 192 p. London, LEONARD PARSONS, 1924. 1sis

Merritt, Percival. The Royal Primer. Bibliographical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 35-60. ISiS

(( The Royal Primer: Or an Easy and Pleasant Guide to the Art of Reading >>, has suffered sufficiently through confusion with its better- known and more distinguished predecessor and probabie prototype, the New England Primer, so as almost to lose its own identity and indivi- duality.... It may fairly be said that it represents the more liberal Anglican standpoint as contrasted with the rigid Puritanical background of the New England Primer. ) Checklist, 1750 to 1818, 1870?

G. S.



S XVIII S. xix. 555

Michel, Andr6 (editor). Histoire de l'art depuis les premiers temps chretiens jusqu'a nos jours. Tome VII. L'art en Europe au XVIIIL siecle. 1 partie, 448 p., 283 fig., 6 pl. Paris. ARMAND COLIN. 1923.

ISIS

Contents: 1. RENE SCHNEIDER. L'architecture en France dans la premiere moitit du xvIrn siecle. 2. ANDRt MICHEL. La sculpture francaise dans la premiere moitie du xvlll siicle. 3. Louis REAU. La peinture francaise dans la premiere moitie du xv.Le sieele. 4. MARCEL REYMOND et CHARLES MARCEL-REYMOND, L'architecture et la sculpture en Italie au XVllle siecle. 5. ANDRt P1RATE. La peinture en Italie au XVllle sieile. 6. Louis REAU. L'art du xvle et du xvllne siecle en Allemagne, en Scan- dinavie, en Russie. 7. PAUL VITRY. L'architecture et la sculpture dans les Pays-Bas au xvlnl siecle. 8. Louis GILLET. La peinture dans les Pays-Bas au xvllle siecle. 9. JEAN BABELON. La medaille de 1650 a 1789.

Rolleston, Sir Humphry Davy. Medical aspects of SAMUEL JOHNSON. Glasgow Medical Journal, t. 101, 173-191, 1924. Isis

Reviewed in Annals of medical history, vol. 6, 480-481, 1924.

S. XIX.

A. - Mathematics.

Archibald, R. C. BENJAM1N PEIRCE, together with reminiscences contributed by CHARLES W. ELIOT, A. LAWRENCE LOWELL, W. E. BYERLY, ARNOLD B. CHACE. Portrait. The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 32, 1-30, 1925. Isis

Elaborate study with a complete bibliography and a list of portraits, one of these being reproduced. This capital addition to the history of American mathematics is also reprinted in the form of a booklet with additional illustrations. BENJAMIN PEIRCE was born at Salem, Mass., April 4, 1809, and died at Cambridge, Mass., October 6, 1880; he, was an inspiring teacher (:at Harvard University) as the reminiscences of his former students testify and mathematical research in American universities may be said to begin with him. His most original contribution was his Linear associative algebra (lithographed edition of 100 copies, Washington City, 1870). G. S.

Foppl, Ludwig, AUGUST FOPPL, Zeitschrift fur angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Berlin, vol. 4, pp. 530-531. Isis

A bibliography of the writings of AUGUST FOPPL by his eldest son, it contains titles of about a dozen works and seventy papers.

R. C. A.

[Halphen, Georges Henri, 1844-89]. CEuvres publiees par les soins de C. JORDAN, H. POINCARk et E. PICARD. Vol. 4 (dernier). Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1924. Is1s

Les vols. 1-3 parurent en 1916, 1918, 1921. Le vol. 4 contient les derniers travaux de HALPHEN, 1883-89, sa correspondance, et la theorie des singularites des courbes algebriques publiee en appendice a la traduction francaise de la Geom&trie analytique de G. SALMON. Notice biographique par F. BRIOSCHI. G. S.

[Juel, Christian Sophus]. Matematisk Tidsskrift, B, udgivet af Ma- tematisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 1925, Hefte 1-4, 8 + 107 pages + portrait. Is8s

This number of the Tidsskrift was issued in honor of the seventieth birthday of CHRISTIAN SOPIIUS JUEL who was born January 25, 1855.



556 s. XIx.

He became a decent at the Polytechnic Institute, Copenhagen in 1894, and professor of mathematics at that Institute in 1907. He is the author of 7 volumes of elementary mathematical texts, and of 4 volumes used as text-books in the Institute. He is also the author of about 40 papers (see H. NIELSEN, Matematiken i Danmark, 1801-1908, Copenhagen, 1910, pp. 60-61; and Acta Mathematica, 1882-1912, Table generale des tomes 1-35, Uppsala, 1913, pp. 69, 149).

The frontispiece is an excellent recent portrait of JUEL. The papers are as follows a Det hellige Syvtal )), by J. L. HEIBERG, pp. 1-6; (( Om en med en kvaternir grupp pa 11520 kollineationer i sameband staende konfiguration ), A. WIMAN, 6-10; (( Et elastik underst0tett, uendelig stift Legeme ), A. OSTENFELD, 10-13; ( Om de Abelske Integraler paa en speciel Kurve af Slaegten 3 ), C. CRONE, 14-19; (( STIRLINGS Inter- polationsroekke )) N, E. NORLUND, 20-24, ( En generalisation af gamma- funktionnen ), NIELS NIELSEN. 24-26; ( Den Euklidiske Algoritme ), JOIANNES MOLLERUP, 27-31; a En Saetning om Fourierraekker for naestenperiodiske Funktioner ), HARALD BOHR, 31-37; Om geodeetiske Linier i lukkede Mangfoldigheder med konstant negativ Krumning ), JAKOB NIELSEN, 37-44; ( Om den projektive Almindeligg0relse af JOR- DAN'S Kurvesaetning )), E. KIVIKOSKI, 45-49; (( En Ulighed mellem Middelvaerdier ), J. F. STEFFENSEN. 49-53; (( Om CASEY'S Udvidelse af den ptolemoeiske Lereseetning ), DAVID FO;, 54-60; ( Aprproksimation af konvekse Funktioner ved konvekse Polynomier ), JULIUS PAL,60-65; a Om Polygoner og Polyedre ), J. H.JELMSLEV, 65-73; ( Det is-epifane problem )), T. BONNESEN, 73-80; (( Et elementaert Udtryk for sin x, geeldende for reele x )), J. L. W. V. JENSEN, 80-81; a En Transformation af en Potensraekke til en Sum af lutter Kvadrater ), J. L. W. V. JENSEN, 82-83; a( Om nogle nyere Sietningcr vedrorende CESAtRO-og HOLDER-Sum- mabilitet )), A. F. ANDERSEN, 84-94; (( Bemaerkninger vedrorende Theo- rien for bilineawre, symmetriske Former med uendelig mange Variable )), ERIK SCHOU, 95-103; (( Atomteori og Mekanik )), NIELS BOHR, 104-107.

R. C, A.

Lamb, Horace. The evolution of mathematical physics : being the Rouse Ball lecture for 1924. 48 p. Cambridge University Press, 1924. 181s

Lie, Sophus (1842-99). Gesammelte Abhandlungen auf Grund einer Bewilligung aus dem Norwegischen Forchungsfonds von 1919, mit Unterstiitzung der Videnskapsselskap zu Kristiania und der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig herausgegeben von FRIEDRICH ENGEL und POUL HEEGAARD. Vol. 3 xvI-789 p.; Vol. 5, xII + 776 p. Kristiania, ASCHEHoUG, 1922 and 1924. Isi

Revieved by R. C. ARCHIBALD in the American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 32, 86-7, 1925.

Schlink, W. AUGUST FSPPL, Zeitschrift fur angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Berlin, vol. 3, pp. 481-483. Is"I

Biographical sketch of AUGUST FOPPL (born 1854) who died on August 12, 1924. He was ordinary professor of mechanics at the Tech- nische Hochschule, Munich, since 1894. He is chiefly known in America by his Technische Mechanik, in six volumes. R. C. A.


Besson, Louis. Apergu historique sur la classification des nuages. Memorial de l'Office National Meteorologique de France publie sous la direction du Colonel DELCAMBRE, 1re annee, no 2, 20 p.



s. xix. 557

Ministere des Travaux Publics; Sous-Secretariat d'Etat de 1'Aero- nautique et des Transports Aeriens. Paris, undated [1923?]. Isrs

Brief cxplanation of a score or more methods of classifying clouds that have been suggested since that of LAMAriCK in 1802. The familiar terms cirrus, cumulus, stratus, etc., were first proposed by LUKE HOWARD in the winter of 1802-03 and have been the basis of nearly all subsequent classifications. The standard classification now most generally in use is that of HILDEBRANDSSON and ABERCROMBY first published in 1887 and adopted by the International Meteorological Congress in 1894.

J. K. W.

Boucher, John Newton. WILLIAM KELLY [1811-88], a true history of the so-called BESSEMER process. 258 p. Greensburg, Pa., J. N. BOUCHER, 1924. Isis

British Dyestuffs Corporation Ltd. The British dyestuffs industry, 1856-1924. A booklet issued on the occasion of the British Empire Exhibition, 1924. 28 p., illustr. Manchester, 1924. isrs

Motto: ( The strength of our competitors lies in their laboratories. ) Neat little book beginning thus: ( During the Easter Vacation of the year 1856, in a rough laboratory constructed and equipped at home, a youthful chemist was endeavouring by treatment with potassium bichro- mate, to produce quinine from allyltoluidine. In this immediate aim he was entirely unsuccessful; a red powder being produced. A strong desire, however, to understand this peculiar and unexpected result led the investigator to repeat his experiment with a simpler material; aniline was then chosen, and this under similar treatment gave a perfectly black substance. The curiosity of the chemist wras still not satisfied : the pro- duct was purified and' dried, and when digested with Spirits of Wine gave a brilliant mauve coloured solution, which had strong dyeing pro- perties. The first artificial dye had been produced. The chemist was but 18 years old, and his name XWILLIrA HENRY PERKLN. ) G. S.

Carty, John J. Ideals of the telephone service. A tribute to the memory of ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL. Presidential address delivered at the ninth annual meeting of the Telephone Pioneers of America at Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 29, 1922. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 533-540, 1924. Isis

Davis, Arthur Charles. A hundred years of Portland cement, 1824- 1924. xxI + 282 p. London, Concrete Publications, 1924. Isis

Desch, Cecil H. The services of HENRY CLIFTON SORBY to metallurgy. Being the second Sorby lecture, delivered on October 31, 1921. 20 p., 7 fig. (s. 1. a.). ISiS

A very sympathetic and suggestive account of the life of SORBY, the founder of microscopical metallography. SORBY ( prepared his first rock section in 1849, and by 1851 he had developed the complete technique of microscopical petrography, including the application of pola- rised light, essentially as it is practised at the present day. His studies were extended, first from sedimentary to igneous rocks, then to rocks artificially fused and cooled, and so to meteorites. It was natural that the examination of meteorites should lead to that of the products of metallurgical industry, and this great step was taken in 1863 )). Some of SORBY'S early specimens of metallographic structure are here reproduced. The author gives also a brief account of the steps leading to SoRBY's epoch-making discovery: ROBERT HOOIE'S Micrographia, 1665; REAUMUR, 1724; P. ANOSOFF, director of the Zlatoust Steel Works in the Urals, 1841 (a Russian work containing the earliest instance of the



558 s xIx.

use of the microscope in metallography), etc. It is very interesting to note that (( RUSKIN, who was a personal friend of SORBY, was a firm believer in the value of his methods. In a( Deucalion ) he speaks of these observations as ' forming the first sound foundations laid for the solution of the most secret problems of geology. ' ) SORBY, like other great English scientists(BoYI.E, CAVENDISH, DARWIN) was an amateur and he fully appreciated the value of ( Unencumbered Research ), as he explained it in a essay bearing that title, published in 1876. (( This essay was a strong plea for freedom in research. Stated shortly, his plan for the encouragement of research amounted to this : find the right man, make it possible for him to devote his whole time to research, without being hampered by the duties of administration, teaching, or commercial direction, provide him with the necessary equipment of laboratory and library, and then - let him alone. It is doubtful whether any better plan has been devised. ) This essay has never been more timely than to-day when so many well-meaning people are busy organizing the labor of their neighbours, and sometimes overdoing it. G. S.

Fox, Sir Francis. Sixty-three years of engineering, scientific and social work. xnI + 338 p. London, JOHN MURRAY, 1924. ISis

Kehler, L. F. A pioneer in pure foods and drugs, LEWIS C. BECK, A.B , M.D. Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 968, 1924. isis

Lippman, Edmund 0. von. Vor hundert Jahren, IV. Die Deutsche Zuckerindustrie, Berlin, 1925, Nr. 1. IsIS

Various notes on the beet-sugar industry of a hundred years ago extracted from the first comprehensive work devoted to that industry, I'Art de fabriquer le sucre de betteraves by AUGUSTE-PIERRE DUBRUNFAUT (Lille, 1797-Paris, 1881), Paris, 1825 (xvl+558 p., 6 pl.). The title page of that important work is reproduced in this 17th Critical Biblio- graphy by courtesy of the Library of Congress. G. S.

Munroe, Charles E. An early American discovery. (Ethyl perchlo- rate, 1840, BoYA and HARE). Explosives Engineer 2, 426, 1924.

ISIS

Randell, Wilfrid L. MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867). (The Roadmaker Series) 192 p. London, LEONARD PARSONS, 1924. IsIs

Schuster, Sir Arthur. Bibliographical byways. Nature, vol. 115, 55-7, 1925, and following numbers. IS1I

Anecdotes of no great importance on various physicists, astrono- mers, etc., whom the author met. They will presumably be reprinted in book form. G. S.

Smith, Edgar F, M. CAREY LEA, Chemist. 12 p. Privately printed, Philadelphia, 1923. Isis

Thomson, Ellhu. One hundred years of the Franklin Institute. Science, 60, 343-351, 1924. IsTe

Thornburn. A. D. DALTON memorials in Manchester, England. Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 190, 1924. ISIs

Verrill. A. E. How the works of Professor WILLARD GIBBS were published. Science, 61, 41-42, 1925. Isis

Walter, Gustav Adolf. Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der rheinischen Mineralfarben-Industrie vom Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ausbruch des Weltkrieges. Ein Beitrag zur rheinischen



8. XIX. 559

Industriegeschichte. ( Verbofentlichungen des A rchivs fiir Rheinisch- Westfalische Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 6) xx + 204 p. Essen, BAEDE- KER, 1922. 1is1


Caletti, Arturo. I1 primo cartografo della Colombia e del Venezuela AGOSTINO CODAZZI da Lugo (1793 1859). Le vie d'Italia a dell'Ame- rica Latina : rivista mensile del Touring Club Italiano, anno 20. pp. 1313-1320, 7 phots. Milan. 1924. s9is

Brief biographical note on the Italian CODAZZI, one of the outstanding early cartographers of Latin America. J. K. W,.

[Deen, Izaak van, 1805-69]. Over de voorste en achterste strengen van het ruggemerg. Leiden 1838-9, Opuscula selecta Neerlandico- rum de arte medica. Fasc. IV. Amsterdam 1922, 341-62. 11is

This memoir appeared originally in the Tijdschrift voor natuurlijke geschiedenis en physiologie, t. 5, 151-86, 1838-9. It is a pity that it is here reprinted untranslated; the reprint itself seemed hardly necessary as Dutch physicians have easy access to the original paper and foreign physicians can not read it. The cause of Dutch science would have been served better by a translation than by this reprint.

G. S.

[Dolman, Alfred]. In the footsteps of LIVINGSTONE. Being the diaries and travel notes made by ALFRED DOLMAN edited by JOHN IRVING, with illustrations by the author. xI + 269 p. London, Lane, 1924.

Isis

Haberling, Wilhelm. JOHANNES MiiLLER (1801-58). Das Leben des Rheinischen Naturforschers. Auf Grund neuer Quellen und seiner Briefe. Mit neun Tafeln, einem faksimilierten Brief (p. 340), und zwei Abbildungen im Text. 501 S Leipzig, Akademische Verlags- gesellschaft 1924. sis8

This elaborate biogTraphy forms the ninth volume of WILHELM OST- WALD'S collection ( Grosse Maelner. Studien zur Biologie des Genies ). Those who have read the long discourse read by EMIL Du BOIS-REYMIOND before the Prussian Academy, in 1858, upon the occasion of MULLER'S

death, may wonder whether a new biography was really necessary. It certainly was, for in many ways MULLER had remained impenetrable to his disciple and successor. The latter admitted it himself: (( Ein Bild von MiiLLER als Mensch zu entwerlfen, ist selbst fur solche, die ihm niaher standen, iiusserst schwer. Das Erste, was sich dauernd darbot, war eine tiefe Verschlossenheit, die nicht in sich hineinblicken liess. ) Moreover, Dr. HABERLING was able to avail himself not sinaply of the correspondence between MiiLER and his best friend ANDERS RETZILS (published by ANDERS' son, MIAGNUS GUSTAV, in Stockholm 1900), but also of more than a hundred letters hitherto unknown. These letters were particularly valuable for biographical purposes, because they were intimate letters written to his wife and other near relatives and friends. They help us to visualize the man ? Jeder Leser wird sie in dem Gefiihl durchlesen, dass hier ein reiner. guter, treuer Mensch zu seinen Liebsten spricht. Eine einfache, giitige, oft kindliche N;atur mit der Gabe, alles, was ihm begegnet, plastisch wiederzugeben, dessen Liebe zur Wissenschaft aus jeder Zeile leuchtet, dessen eiserner Fleiss nur ein Ziel kennt : Klarheit und IWahrleit. ) The author has also taken special pains to reconstruct as much as possible MULLER'R ancestry; this was somewhat easier for him than for any other because he is himself established in MULLER'S native city, Coblenz. The rejection of all notes at the end of the volume



560 s xix.

is irritating. The work iis illustrated with many portraits and the facsimile of a complete letter. G. S.

Kofoid, Charles A. A little known ornithological journal and its editor, ADOLPHE BOUCARD. 1839-1904. The Condor, vol. 25, 85-89. May, 1923. Isis

T The Humming Bird [published in London] ran a brief course from January 1891, when the first number was issued in quarto form till its termination in 1895 in vol. 5. Volumes three and four included his Travels of a Naturalist, and his Genera of Humming Birds appeared as a part of the journal from 1892 to 1895.. The journal itself continued during these years in gradual but steady diminuendo. It changed to octavo in 1892, and from a monthly to a quarterly in the third volume, and to a single numnber in the fifth and last volume. ) BOUCARD was mainly a business man interested in the plume, feather and skin trade, but he was also incidentally a. servant of science. ( His main contributions were his ornithological explorations in Mexico, Central and South America, and Panama, his superbly prepared skins of the humming birds of the American tropics, and his critical suggestions as to age and sex differences in these often puzzling materials which crept into the ever- increasing literature of the Trochilidae. )) G. S.

Lyman, Chester Smith (1814-1890). Around the Horn to the Sandwich Islands and California, 1845-1850. Edited by FREDERICK J. TEGGART. XVIII + 328 p. Yale University Press, 1924. ,sis

MacBride, E. W. The theory of evolution since DARWIN. Nature, 115, 52-55, 89-92, 1925.

Maurer, Priedrich. Das Gehirn ERNST HIAECKELS. Mit einem Bericht von WALDEMAR WEIMANN: Ueber den histologischen Befund des Gehirns HAECKELS. Jena. GUSTAV FISCHER, 1924. Isis

Mill. Hugh Robert. The life of Sir ERNEST SHACKLETON. Cheap edition. xx - 312 p., 20 pl. London. HEINEMANN, 1923. 8s13

Newell, Lyman C. ROBERT BROWN and the discovery of the Brownian movement. Ind. Eng. Chem. 15, 1279. 1923. rsis

[Pasteur]. CEuvres editees par PASTEUR VALLERY-RADOT. Tome 3: Etudes sur le vinaigre et sur le vin. vii+519 p., 57 pl. Paris, MASSON, 1924. Ias8

Pearson, Karl. The life, letters and labours of FRANCIS GALTON. Vol. 2. Researches of middle life. xni+425 p., 54 pi. Cambridge, University Press, 1924. 1sis


Dana, Charles L. The SEGUINS of New York; their careers and contributions to science and education. Annals of medical history, vol. 6, 475-479, 2 fig., 1924. 11is

Godlee, Sir Rickman John. LORD LISTER. Third edition, revised. xvi+686 p., 14 pi. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924. IsIs

First edition, London, MACMILLAN, 1917X. Second, 1918.

(orgas, William Crawford (1854-1920). Whole number of Medical Life, vol. 31, no. 11, p. 419-460, 1924, devoted to him. Many portraits and illustrations. ISis



S. XIX. 561

Jordan, Edwin Oakes; Whipple, George Chandler; and Winslow, Charles Edward Amory. A pioneer of public health: WILLIAM THOMPSON SEDGWICK. With an introduction by MARY K. SEDG- WICK. xvI+193 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1924.

IlSS

Kerr, W. M. WILLIAM MAXWELL WOOD (1809-1880). The first surgeon- general of the United States Navy. Annals of medical history, vol. 6, 387-425, 3 fig., 1924. 1sis

[Sajous, Charles Eucharist de Medici, b. at sea. N. Atlantic, 1852]. Whole number of Medical Life, vol. 32, 1-32, 1925, devoted to him. ISis

Dr. SAJOUS of Philadelphia is best known by his treatise on internal secretions, published in 1903, in which the suprarenal, pituitary and' thy- roid bodies are held to control immunization. Two portraits and bibliography. G. S.

Tischner, R. HAHNEMANN und die hippokratische Medizin (ein historisch-methodologischer Versuch). Janus, t. 27, 219-240, 1923.

ISIS

E.-Alia.

Book, Fredrik. ARTUR HAZELITIS. En Levnadsteckning. Stockholm, P. A. NORSTEDT and Sbners Forlag, 1924? Isis

Biography of the great Swedish ethnologist, born at Stockholm in 1833 founder of the Scandinavian Ethnographical Museum - a model organization - and later of the Open-air Museum (Skansen). I wish a Swedish contributor could give us ;a summary of this work. G. S.

Bosanquet, Helen. BERNARD BOSANQUET : A short account of his life. 152 p. London, MACMILLAN, 1924. Isis

Clark, E. Kitson. The history of 100 years of life of the Leeds Philos- ophical and Literary Society. vIIi+249 p. Leeds, JOWETT and SOWRY, 1924. Isis

Cordier, Henri (1849-1925). Bibliographie des ceuvres de HENRI CORDIER, membre de l'Institut, publiee a l'occasion du 75e anniver- saire de sa naissance. In-12, vmII+151 p., portrait. Paris, PAUL GEUTHNER, 1924. is8I

Fairholme, Edward George, and Pain, Wellesley. A century of work for animals. The history of the R. S. P. C. A., 1824-1924. xx+298 p. London, MURRAY, 1924. Isis

Gunther, R. T. The Daubeny Laboratory register, 1916-1923. With notes on scientific researches carried out by members of Magdalen College, Oxford. Vol. III, vmi+p. 297 to 532. Oxford University Press, 1924. Isrs

This volume contains many items of special interest to us : Dr. DAU- BENY, his building and his will ('pp. 297-306), giving additional information on CHARLES G(. B. DAUBENY (1795-1867), Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry at Oxford since 1822. - The natural amenities of a college site (337-47). - Early naturalists and their benefactions to Magdalen (348-52) : JOHN CLAYMOND, demy in 1483 and later the first president of Corpus Christi; EDWARD WOTTON, demy in 1506. - On some college animals (352-82), a delightful account of all animals connected with the college including the prehistorical animals whose remains have been found in the grounds; this chapter will warm the hearts of Magdalen

VOL. vII-4. 37



562 s.XIx.

men! - Science books and their donors (382-9). The study of the history of science in Oxford and science rooms in Oxford (389-99) : an interesting summary of things done and left undone; the future historian of our young discipline will have to take it into account. - Biographical notes including among others, two devoted to JOSEPl FRANK PAYNE (d. 1910), historian of medicine, and to JOHN SCOTT BURDON-SANDERSON (d. 1905, Ae. 75), physiologist. - Additions to the bibliography of Dr. DAUBENY; Extracts from his will; The Daubeny Club. - Combined index to vol. I to III of the Daubeny Laboratory register. G. S.

Lange, Maurice (1872-1923). Le Comte ARTHUR DE GOBINEAU. Etude biographique et critique. Publications de la Faculte des lettres de l'Universiti de Strasbourg, n? 22, xn+294 p., 1924. IsIs

A la litt6rature d(eja abondante relative 't GOBINEAU, mais surtout alle- mande, MAURICE LANGE ajoute un volume important. Professeur a l'Uni- versite de Strasbourg, il a eu i sa disposition, a la bibliotheque univer- sitaire et regionale de cette ville, la collection de manuscrits du fonds GOBINEAU, ceded la bibliotheque en 1903 par LUDWIG SCHEMANN, auteur de nombreux travaux sur GOBINrEAU, fondateur et premier president de ia ( Gobilneauvereinigung ). La pretention de l'auteur n'6tait pas de faire neuf, mais d'expliquer comment un Francais avait pu sembler a des Allemands digne de la tendresse qu'ils lui marquaient, d' ( expliquer l'wuvre par l'homme ). ( Montrer comment ses idees sortent de son temperament et ne sont guere que les reflets de ses inclinat,ions natives fortifiees par l'6ducation, par l'influence du milieu et par l'experience de la vie; chercher, dans les caractkres de sa personnalite et dans unz resistance instinctive aux tendances de la soeiete modernle, le fondement psychologique de son individualisme; expliquer, par la meme mentalite fonciere, son admiration nostalgique pour la societe feodale, et donc pour les tyrans germains qui, a ses yeux, en incarnent l'esprit, et, au rebours, son aversion pour l'esprit egalitaire represente par le christia- nisme, puis par la democratie, monstre de qui la France est la terre d'lection: reconnaitre, dans le systeme qui fait du melange des sangs la cause d'une decadence fatale et - ceci consolant de cela - dans l'orgueilleuse autonomie, voire dans l'immoralisme des individualites sutLrieures, les aboutissements de la logique la plus passionnee, la plus partiale aussi. ))

Tel est le dessein poursuivi par M. LANGE dans cet Essai, oh jamais l'atude de l'ouvre n'est separee de la vie tourmentee de GOBINsAU. Voici les titres des chapitres: 1. Enfanoe et jeunesse; 2. GOBINEAU a Paris; 3. Les premieres oeuvres; 4. GoBINEAU en Suisse; 5. La Perse et la Grece; 6. Rio de Janeiro; 7. 1870; 8 et 9. GOBINEAU a Stockholm; 10. Dernieres annes : Rome, Paris, Bayreuth, Chameane. Dans un chapitre de conclusions, l'auteur rapproche GOBINEAU de VOLTAIRE, ROUSSEAU, VIGNY, STENDHAL, IMRIMIE, FICHTE, HEGEL, NOVALIS, SCHOPENHAUER, WAGNER et NIETZSCHE, et constate que ( ni par son feodalisme foncier et par sa haine oongenitale de la civilisation moderne, petite-fille du christia- nisme et fille de la RS.volution, ni par l'esprit aventureux de sa mhthode historique, GOBINEAU n'etait qualifie pour faire en France de nombreux proselytes... On ne comprend', en revanche, que trop l'accueil enthousiaste qu'un autre pays reservait aux idees et aux tendances de cet orgueilleux esprit, puisqu'il se r6clame hautement d'une ascendance germanique, puisqu'il ne cesse de proclamer la superiorite de la race, meme degneree, des antiques Germains sur toutes les autres races de la terre ).

L. G.

Newell, Lyman C. CHIARLES WV. EIIOT - chemist. Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 636, 1924. Is18



s. xx. 563

ELIOT left a position as Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to become President of Harvard: University. T. L; D.

Quin, Malcolm. Memoirs of a positivist. 252 p. London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1924. 1818

S. XX.

C. - Natural Science.

Maude, Aylmer. The authorized life of MARIE C. STOPES. 226 p., 12 pl. London, WILLIAMS and NORGATE, 1924. Is81

Noice, Harold. With STEFANSSON in the Arctic. 269 p. New York, DODD, MEAD, 1924. 18Is

Onslow, Muriel (his wife). HUIA ONSLOW: a memoir. viii + 247 p., 5 pi. London, ARNOLD, 1924. 1818

Reviewed in Nature, 114, 926, 1924.


Marquardt, Martha. PAUL EHRLICH als Mensch und Arbeiter. Erinne- rungen aus dreizehn Jahrcn seines Lebens (1902-1915). Mit einer Einfhfirung von RICHARD KOCH. 112 p., 4 portraits, 2 facsimiles. Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlag-Anstalt, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by E. B. KRUMBHAAR in Annals of Medical History, vol. 6, pp. 489-90, 1924.

Wlttels, Fritz. SIGMUND FREUD ; his personality, his teaching and his school. Translated from the German by EDEN and CEDAR PAUL. 287 p. London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1924. s1is

E. - Alia.

Shotwell, James T. (general editor). Economic and social history of the world war. Outline of plan - European series. 180 p. Wash- ington, Carnegie endowment for international peace, 1924. s8is

T The body of the work is a collection of national series dealing with the economic anid social effects of the war upon some sixteen European countries, These studies, grouped under appropriate headings, form a corpus of one hundred and fifty volumes in the original, fully docu- mented, edition, published in English, French, German and Italian. When the Continental series are translated it is planned to shorten the complete English edition by about one third. This is the History as it stands at present. Ultimately it is the intention to add some ten volumes of comparative international surveys and general conclusions. As it is too soon to plan this synthesis, however, the description which follows is limited to the corpus of national series, work upon which is well under way in every country which it covers, and in most of them already approaching publication. ) The outline explains the aims pursued and the methods to be followed. To give an idea of the magni- tude of the undertaking, so courageously and ably planned and carried out by Professor SIIOTWELL (Columbia University) under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, it will suffice to quote the following fact: ( It has been estimated, on data supplied by archivists, that it would require something over two hundred miles of shelving to file the documents of the War which have a claim to be preserved as source material for history. The British war archives alone



564 ANTIQUITY.

would require over thirty-five miles of shelving. And this refers only to materials of value to history. How many more hundred miles of documentary files were produced' to be destroyed, as merely routine matter, it would be idle to imagine. > One of the volumes already published is a Manual of archive administration by HILARY JENKINSON of the British Public Record Office. By the way it is interesting to note that the United States has the almost unique distinction among civilized nations of possessing no national archive building. The total number of distinguished scholars working in various European countries under SHOTWELL'S direction reaches well over 200. ( There is something more than the preparation of a history in the work in hand. It has brought into existence a sort of international academy, analyzing the effect of war, critically and objectively; and so, from across what, were hostile frontiers, both consciously and unconsciously by their common pursuit of similar ends, linking up once more the broken contact of the international mind. Moreover, however limited the period of its active research, it is, as has well been said, an academy in permanent session; for the fruit of its labors belongs less to our day than to future gene- rations and centuries. ) The outline contains a full list of collaborators and brief accounts of the volumes already published or in preparation. The work is published by the Yale University Press in cooperation with publishers in other countries (Oxford University Press; Presses Univer- sitaires de France; Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt; LATERZA, Bari, etc.).

G. S.

PART II

Historical Classification.

Including only the items which could not be included in Part I - the fundamental (centurial) classification. Hence a student of Muslim science, for example, should not peruse simply the notes oollected below under the heading ( Islam ); he should examine as well those included above under the headings S. VII, S. VIII, etc.

Contents: 1. and 2. Antiquity - 3. Asia: Central Asia; Eastern Asia, Western Asia - 4. Babylonia and Assyria - 6. Byzantium - 7. China - 8. Egypt - 9. Greece - 10. India - 11. Iran - 12. Islam - 13 Israel - 14. Japan - 15. Middle Ages - 16. Rome.

1 and 2. - ANTIQUITY.

Caskey, L. D. Catalogue of Greek and Roman sculpture in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. 228 p., 222 illustrations. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, 1924. ISIS

Reviewed by G. in the Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, vol. 22, pp. 52-53, 1924.

Cumont, Franz. Les parchemins de Doura-Europos. Bulletin de l'Asso- ciation Guillaume Bude, octobre 1924, 50-53. 18is

( La plus ancienne de ces pieces est la copie d'un acte de vente a remere date de l'annee 117 de l'ere des Seleucides, c'est-a-dire 195 avant Jesus-Ohrist. II n'est guire posterieur que de plus d'un siele a la fondation d'Europos, et c'est, de beaucoup, le plus vieux texte grec sur par-



ANTIQUITY. 565

chemin qui nous soit parvenu. II est ecrit en une petite cursive, fine et nette, analogue a celle de certains papyrus d'Egypte du meme age, On sait iqu'une lgende rapportee par PLINE, attribue l'invention du parchemin a EUMTNE II de Pergame (197-158), qui, en fondant une bibliotheque dans sa capitale, excita la jalousie du roi PTOLUMLE. Celui-ci, pour l'empeeher de realiser son dessein, aurait interdit l'exportation du papyrus d'Egypte; mais EUMkNE aurait trouv6 le moyen, pour copier les livres, de preparer des peaux qui, fabriquees a Pergame, prirent le nomn de charta Pergamena, d'ou notre (( parchemin ). Notre fragment de Doura, qui est contemporain du d'6but du regne d'EuM/NE, acheve de ruiner cette legende, car il est deja aussi fin et aussi lisse que le velin des manuscrits les plus soignes. )) - Un fragment de bouclier (( qui doit dater de la premaiere moiti du 111e siecle, montre que, jusqu'a la fin de l'epoque des S6evres, l'Empire tenait les villes grecques du Bosphore et occupait des places armeniennes,. C'est aussi un document geogra,phique unique en son genre. I1 reproduit probablement une carte routiere d'etat- major dont les noms latins ont ete traduits en grec, et qui derivait d'une grande carte murale exicutee a Rome sur l'ordre de CAbACALA, en mnme temps que la c6elbre Forma, Urbis, aujourd'hui au Musee du Capitole. Apres une trouvaille aussi inattendue, on est en droit de tout esperer d'une exploration des ruines du desert syrien )).

De Burgh, William George. The Legacy of the Ancient World. xvI+462 p. London, MACDONALD and EVANS, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by LA RUE VAN 11OOK in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, pp. 120-122, October 1924.

Olotz. Gustave. La civilisation egeenne. vIII - 471 p., 4 pI., 3 cartes, 87 fig. Paris, La Renaissance du Livre, 1923. Isls

Reviewed in Journal des Savants, 1924, pp. 202-212, by A. ME-LrN.

Lehmann-Hartleben, Karl. Die antiken Hafenanlagen des Mittel- meeres Beitriage zur Geschichte des Stildtebaues im Altertum. (Klio, Beiheft 14), 304 S., Abb., Taf., 39 P1. Leipzig, DIETERICH, 1923. Isis

Oldfather, Charles Henry. The Greek literary texts from Greco- Roman Egypt. A study in the History of Civilization. vIIm+104 p. Madison, University of Wisconsin, 1923. ,esa

Pascal, Carlo. Le credenze d'oltretomba nelle opere letterarie dell' antichita classica. Seconda edizione con correzioni ed aggiunte. Due volumi di pagg. xiI+196, 206. Torino, PARAVIA, 1923. Isis

First edition, Catania, 19121.

Shepard, Arthur MacCartney. Sea power in ancient history: the story of the navies of classic Greece and Rome. xxx+286 p. Boston, LITTLE, BROWN, 1924. ISis

Reviewed' by JULIUS W. PRATT in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, pp. 119-120, October 1924.

3. - ASIA.

Central Asia.

Bell, Sir Charles. Tibet, past and present. xiv+326 p., 93 illustrations. Oxford University Press, 1924. si3s



566 ASIA.

Filippi, Filippo de. Storia della spedizione scientifica italiana nel Himalaia Caracorum e Turchestan Cinese. Con capitoli aggiuntivi di GIOTTO DAINELLI et J. A. SPRANGER. XIV+541 p., illustr. Bologna, ZANICHELLI, 1924. ISis

Gibb, H. A. R. Chinese records of the Arabs in Central Asia. Bull. Sch. Or. Studies, II, iv, 1923. Isis

In the very full translations of the Chinese records of the T'ang period published by the late Prof. CHAVANNES and others, there are a number of incidental references to the Arabs which shed some light on their operations in Central Asia. A number of these have hitherto been over- looked or not fully elucidated; the author deals with these, the great majority of the references being from CHAVANANES' works.

The first group of references deals with the military activities of the Arabs in Central Asia; the second with diplomatic relations with China. Muslim authors show very little interest in the relations of the Khalifate with other peoples (even the well-known embassy of CHARLE- MAGNE to HARUiN AR-RASHiD is not mentioned by them). Twenty embassies of the Arabs to the Chinese court are enumerated for the period 716-759 A. H. Some of the embassies may well have had political motives; but the frequent association of Arab embassies with those from Samarqand and the other kingdoms of Transoxania makes it almost certain, according to the author, that some were commercial missions, concerned with the overland silk trade. J. S.

McGovern, W. Montgomery. To Lhasa in disguise: an account of a secret expedition through mysterious Tibet. 352 p. London, THORNTON BUTTERWORTH, 1924. 1si

Younghusband, Sir Francis. Wonders of the Himalaya. vIn+210 p. London, JOIN MURRAY, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by J. W. G. in Nature, 114, 673-4, 1924.

Eastern Asia.

(Including works relalive to the whole of Buddhist Asia, or to India, Central and Eastern Asia combined.)

Bennett, Allan (Ananda M.). The wisdon of the Aryas. xxIx+147 p. London, KEGAN PAUL, 1923. Isis

Graham, W. A. Siam. 2 vol., 153 ill., 1 map. London, The DE LA MORE Press, 1924. isis

The first and second editions in one volume, 1912, were entitled ? (Siam, a handbook of practical, commercial and political information >. - Elaborate, well illustrated and well indexed. G. S.

Kleen, Tyra af. Mudras : The ritual hand-poses of the Buddha priests and the Shiva priests of Bali. With an introduction by A. J. D. CAMPBELL. 42 p., 61 pl. London, KEGAN PAUL, 1924.

ISIS

Western Asia.

Buckler, W. H. and Calder, W. M. (editors). Anatolian studies presented to Sir WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. XXxvIII+479 p., 14 pi. Manchester, University Press, 1923. Isis

Reviewed by WALTER WOODBURN HYDE in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 117-119, October 1924.



BABYLONIA. BYZANTIUM. CHINA. 567

4. - BABYLONIA and ASSYRIA.

Smith, Sidney. Babylonian historical texts, relating to the capture and downfall of Babylon, translated. xi + 164 p. London, METHUEN, 1924. IS'S

5.- BIBLE.

(Old Testament civilization.)

It has seemed advisable to omit this chapter. Studies on the Old Testament and cognate topics will henceforth be classified under Israel; studies on the whole Christian Bible, under Religion in part III. For studies on the New Testament, see, of course, S. I. in part I. G. S.

6. - BYZANTIUM.

Ebersolt, Jean. Les arts somptuaires de Byzance Etude sur l'art imp6rial de Constantinople. 165 p., 67 pl. Paris, LEROUX, 1923.

ISIs

lorga, Nicolas. Formes byzantines et r6alites baleaniques. Lecons faites a la Sorbonne. 191 p. Paris, CHAMPION, 1922. Is8s

Contents : land 2,. Origine et sens de la vie byzantine; 3. Le Tzarat bulgare: son sens, son droit, ses bornes; 4. Restauration byzantine, installation russe et offensive magyare. Tentatives de E( Bulgares ) en M[acedoine. ( Esclavonies ) dilooleennes et rasciennes; 5. Influences latines en Orient: Pouss6e normande, royaut6 serbe et Empire ( vlaque ); 6. Les Paleologues et l'infiltration latine.

Jeanselme. E. L'alcoolisme a Byzance. Bull. soc. frang. hist. med., t. 18, 289-295, 1921. ISIS

Jeanselme, E. L'epilepsie sur le trone de Byzance. Bull. soc. franq. hist. med., t. 18, 225-274, 1924. 1s9s

( Depuis CONSTANTIN LE GRAND, qui 6rigea Byzance en eapitale, jusqu'a CONSTANTIN DRAGASES, qui mourut sur la breche en combattant les armees de MAHOMET II, s'ecoule une periode de onze siecles pendant laquelle se succedent sur le tr6ne quatre-vingt-douze basileis. Parmi ceux-ci, on conipte au moins six epileptiques : ZENON (474-491); MICHEL IV, le Paphlagonien (1034-1041), et son neveu MICHEL V, dit Calaphate (1041-1042); ISAAC COMNENE (1057-1059); JEAN III VATATZES (1222-1255) et son fils TH1ODORE II LASCARIS (1255-1259). )) L'auteur decrit longuement les ph6nomenes morbides en s'aidant des documents contenus dans les sources byzantines. G. S.

St6phanldes, Michel. T6 dKOUartK6v iuavTrpiov TO BuvavTfou (le - mysterium )) acoustique de Byzance). 'ETwTrvptiS xTlS ralpelaq BuvavTlvwv aroubtvv, 1. p. 189-195, 1924. Isis

L'auteur explique que le dit ( mysterium ) - un 6difice dans le palais de Byzance - 6tait une voite ou un mur bati en h6micycle allong6, qui presentait le phenomene de la formation des iehos dans des voutes ellipsoidales, - le premier exemple d'une telle construction.

G. S.

7. - CHINA.

Karlgren, Bernhard. Analytic dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japa- nese. 436 p Paris, GEUTHNER. 1923. s3sI



568 CHINA.

The author of the e Etudes de phonologie chinoise )) (1915) gives us here a phonetic dictionary of Chinese containing together with a resti- tutilon of the ancient pronunciation, the Mandarin, Cantonese and Japa- nese pronunciations. The ancient pronunciation is that derived from Lu FAYEN'S Oh'ieh yiin (o. 601) which represents a tradition going back, through Hsii SHiN (II. cent.) to the inventor of the Lesser Seal (whoever he be, CH'PNG MIAO or Li Ssih) towards the end of the III. cent. B. C. The author discusses the signification of the introduction of the Lesser Seal, indicates its main characteristics and concludes that it ( was not a mere shortening and simplification of the earlier script: it was in fact to a large extent a new system of writing. ) The introduction (38 p.) contains a historical summary, explains the author's system of transcription, the phonetic peculiarities of archaic Chinese (Ancient Chinese had eight tones), the principles of the phonetic com- pounds. However valuable IARLGREN'S transcription may be for pho- netical discussion, it can never have any practical importance because of its extreme complexity. It involves the use not simply of many diacritical letters, but also of inverted letters and even of Greek letters. I have often thought that the old French maxim ( Le mieux est l'ennemi du bien ) applies with greater cogency in the matter of transliteration or transcription than in any other. G. S.

Swingle, Walter T. Chinese books added to the Library of Congress, 1923-4. Report of the Librarian of Congress for 1923-4, p. 258-79, 1924. Isis

For previous reports on the Chinese library, see Isis, IV, 173, 612; V, 528; VII, 260. The Library now contains 1,333 gazetteers as well as 113 duplicate copies, and 394 collectanea (ts'ung shu). The greatest number of these ts'ung shu are now completely stroke indexed. The most important of the collectanea recently obtained is the great Taoist Canon, the Tao ts'ang printed c. 1506-22; it contains more than 1,400 separate works, forming some 5,000 volumes. a Unlike the Buddhist Canon, after which it is obviously modeled in many ways, the Taoist Canon contains many works not of a doctrinal character. Many philosophic treatises, a large nunber of medical and dietetic works, and even a few works on natural history, are found along with a great number of Taoist works of all degrees of value. ) - ( Allowing for duplication of independent works and works reprinted in ts'ung shu, the total number of different Chinese works in the Library of Congress might be estimated as between 15,000 and 18,000. ) The collection of Ming works is particularly large and it far exceeds in number and value those to be found in any bother library outside of China and Japan. Many of the Ming works recently obtained are briefly described; some of them are not known to Chinese bibliographers. An item of special interest to us is the copy of the Li chih p'u or Monograph on the lychee by TS'AI HSIANG, written in late summer 1059, a very short treatise in seven chapters, but the earliest monograph on any fruit tree ever published in any country. MICHAEL J. HAGERTY (q. v. Isis, VII, 187) is preparing a critical edition of it. The Library has received various books from Chinese authors; I quote two of them ( the Hsiao chi tsih i hsiian su, by YAO MING-HUI (YAO MIN-WHAY), professor of Chinese literature at tne Chi-nan Institute, Nanking, China. It is a small volume of studies on education, chiefly a discussion of the doctrines of 25 Chinese scholars on the subject; 22 of them of the Sung dynasty, and 3 of them of previous dynasties ), with a preface by JOHN DEWEY; a ( bibliography of Chinese literature on Agriculture (Chung Kuo nung shu mu lu hui pien) compiled by MAO YUNG (the donor), being publication No. 1 of the Library of the University of Nanking, and issued by the library in June, 1924. The work is a small



EGYPT. GREIECE. 569

volume, printed in western style, of 226 octavo pages, with an introduction by HAN KWOH-CHUIN, civil governor of Kiangsu province, a preface, in English and Chinese, by Prof. HARnY CLEMONS ). It includes about 2.700, or barring duplications, about 2.000 titles. Another notable acquisition was the purchase from Dr. JOSEPH F. ROCK of 69 Moso MSS., ( by far the largest collection ever brought together outside of the Moso country (in Yunnan). These manuscripts show the two methods of writing used by the Mosos; most of them are plainly pictographic, but some are written in a syllabic script. Some of the manuscripts combine both systems of writing ). Dr. ROCK also secured one Chung-chia MS ( No Chung-chia manuscripts are reported as yet in western libraries and museums, and little is known about the language and practically nothing about the method of writing it. ) The Library of Congress deserves our admiration and thankfulness for supporting so well W. T. SWINGLE'S great effort. This is a very wise policy indeed. For the number of Chinese works obtainable decreases every year while the prices go on increasing. Now is the time to build up in Washington a Chinese library, which will become in the course of time, an international center of Chinese studies. G. S.

Tiefensee, Franz. Wegweiser durch die chinesischen lHflichkeits- Formen. 3. Auflage (Mitt. der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Natur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens, Bd. 18). 224 p Tokyo, 1924. Isis

Wieger, LUon (S. J.) Textes historiques. Histoire politique de la Chine depuis l'origine jusqu'en 1912. Deuxieme edition. 1875 p. en 2 vol., plus 1 atlas de 25 cartes. Imprimerie de Hien-Hien, 1922-3. i81s

Les ouvrages du R. P. WVIEGER sur la Chine sont trop connus pour qu'il faille en signaler l'utilite. Celui-ci est une collection abondante de textes chinois, avec traduction frangaise en regard, relatifs a toute l'volultion chinoise depuis les origines mythologiques jusqu'a la fin de la dynastie mandchoue. II est impossible d'obtenir dans aucun autre ouvrage une aussi grande quantite de documents, sous une forme aussi compacte et a aussi bon marche. I1 n'y a guere de notes, et l'index est fort maigre. Voir aussi Isis, VII, 261. G. S.

8.- EGYPT.

Hartmann, Fernande. L'agriculture dans 1'ancienne Egypte. Paris, Librairies-imprimeries reunies, 1923. IsIs

Reviewed in Journal des Savants, 1924, 228-229, by H. D.

9. - GREECE.

Bury, J. B.; Barber, E. A.; Bevan, Edwyn; and Tarn, W. W. The Hellenistic age: aspects of Hellenistic civilization. Ix + 151 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1923, Is18

Reviewed by W. S. FERGUSON in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 124-25, October 1924.

Plovano, (. A. Gli studi di Greco. 187 p. Guide bibliografiche. Roma, Fondazione Leonardo, 1924. s1is

An excellent bibliography of Hellenic studies in Italy. G. S.

Postgate, John Percival. A short guide to the accentuation of ancient Greek. x + 96 p. Liverpool, University Press, 1924. IsIs



570 INDIA.

Ridder, A. de.; et Deonna, W. L'art en Grece. (L'voolution de 1'humanite, 12) xxvIIi + 430 p., 23 pi., 66 fig. in the text. Paris, La Renaissance du Livre, 1924. 181s

Reviewed by WALTER WOODBURN HYDE in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 122-124, October 1924.

Seltman, Charles Theodore, Athens, its history and coinage before the Persian invasion. 4to 24 pi. Cambridge University Press, 1924. ISIJ

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (editor). Greek historical thought, from HOMER to the age of HERACLIUS. Introduction and translation. With two pieces newly translated by GILBERT MURRAY. XXXIV + 256 p. Lon- don, DENT, 1924 1sis

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (editor). Greek civilization and character. The selfrevelation of ancient Greek society. Introduction and translation. xx -- 236 p. London, DENT, 1924. Isls

10 - INDIA.

Barnett. L. D. Commercial and political connexions of Ancient India with the West. Bull. Sch. Or. Studies, I. i. 1918. IsIS

An abstract of a public lecture given at the School on Feb. 14th, 1917. J. S.

Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh. The Indian Buddhist iconography, mainly based on the Sadhanamala and other cognate Tantric texts of rituals. xxv +- xxx + 220 p., 70 pl. London, MILFORD, 1924. Isis

This volume is an elaborate and scholarly account of the Buddhist images of India, illustrated with 70 plates, containing line and half-tone reproductions of over 250 different images. The book is the result of four years' research work as a Government Research Scholar and was first started at the instance of Professor A. FOUCHER, of the University of Paris. It is largely based on several recensions of the Sadhanamala a Buddhist Tantric text of Rituals dating from the 12th century. Many of the illustrations were secured during a long visit to Nepal, where the author had access to priceless collections of drawings, photographs and manuscripts, and visited numerous monasteries. Where photo- graphing was impossible or unsatisfactory the text has been illustrated with the help of drawings prepared by Nepalese Citrakaras of Buddhist origin from the ancient albums of their forefathers.

Coomaraswamy, Amanda. K. Catalogue of the Indian collections. Part IV: Jaina paintings and manuscripts. 74 p., 39 pl. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, 1924. IsIS

Reviewed by G. in the Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, vol. 22, 54, 1924.

Edgerton, Franklin. The Panchatantra reconstructed. An attempt to establish the lost original Sanskrit text of the principal extant versions. Text, critical apparatus, introduction, translation. Vol. 1. Text and critical apparatus. xix -- 409 p. Vol. 2. In- troduction and translation. x + 405 p. (American Oriental Stu- dies.) New Haven, Conn , American Oriental Society, 1924. Isis

Glasenapp, Helmuth von. Der Hinduismus. Religion und Gesell- schaft im heutigen Indien. xvi + 506 S., 43 Bild. Miinchen, KURT WOLFF, 1922 (1 p. of errata inserted). IsIs



IRAN. 571

1. Die Grundlagen; 2. Die Gegenstande des religiosen Denkens; 3. Die religiose Literatur; 4. Die Welt- und Lebensanschauung; 5. Das soziale Leben und der Kultus; 6. Das Sektenwesen; 7. Der Einfluss des Abend- landes - Literatur, Index, Zeittafel. G. S.

Havell, Ernest Binfield. The Himalayas in Indian art. 24 pl., 23 illustr. London, JOHN MURRAY, 1924. ISTS

Hopkins, E. Washburn. Ethics of India. xiv - 265 p. New Haven, Yale Univelsity Press, 1924. Isis

The author ( has written his book not to sustain any logical, philosophical, or religious dogma, but to exhibit the ethical teachings of the ancient Hindus, feeling confident that it will be a pleasure to many and a grief to none to know that truthfulness, generosity, kindness of heart, purity of soul, forgiveness, and compassion were taught in India as everyday precepts long before the Christian era ). - Contents : 1. Ethics in the Rig Veda. 2. The Vedic idea of sin and lawr. 3. Ethics of early pantheism. 4. Ethics in the Upanishads. 5. Ethics in the legal literature. 6. Buddhistic ethics. 7. Religious devotion based on morality. 8. Ethical aberrations. 9. Pro and contra. - For another work of same author, Origin and evolution of religion, 1923, see Isis, V, 563. G. S.

Keith, A. Berriedale. The Samkhya system. A history of the Sam- khya philosophy. Second edition. (Heritage of India Series). 126 p. London, MILFORD, 1924. Isis

First edition 1918.

Oltramare, Paul. Histoire des idees theosophiques dans l'Inde. Tome II. La theosophie boudhique (Annales du Musdee Guimet, t. 31). Paris. GEUTHNER, 1923. Iis

Reviewed by S2NART in Journal des Savants, 1924, 136.

Schmidt, Richard Nachtrage zum Sanskrit-Worterbuch in kirzerer Fassung vou OTTO Bi5HTIINGK. Hannover, Orient, 1925 sq. Isla

Senaveratna, John M. The story of the Sinhalese. From the most ancient times. Vol. 1. Vijaya to Dutugemunu (B. C. 54:-161), with map and illus. Vol. 2. Dutugemunu to Maha Sena (B. C. 161 to A. D. 302), with maps and illus. (Work to be complete in 5 volumes). Colombo. Times of Ceylon, 1923-1924. Isis

Smith, Vincent A. The early history of India from 600 B. C. to the Muhammadan conquest, including the invasion of ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Fourth edition, revised by S. M. EDWARDES. xiI + 536 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924. Iss

11. - IRAN.

Browne. Edward 0. A history of Persian literature in modern times (A. D. 1500 - 1924). xvi + 530 p., 16 illus. Cambridge University Press, 1924. Isla

Fichtner, Horst. Die Medizin im Avesta. (Diss ) Leipzig, PFEIFFER, 1924. lIs

I have seen only the first 16 pages. G. S.



572 ISLAM.

12. - ISLAM.

Arnold, Sir Thomas Walker. The caliphate. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924. ISIs

Christensen, Arthur. Xavass-i-ayat. Notices et extraits d'un manuscrit persan traitant la magie des versets du Coran. 68 p. Copenhagen, Academy of Sciences, Hist. Trans., in, 4, 1920. Isis

Extracts translated from a Persian MS. (dated 1818/9), now in the University Library of Copenhagen, of a text ascribed to one 'ABT)ALLAH IBN MUHAMMAD IBN HUSAIN. (c. 1520). This text deals with (( the special qualities of the Qur'an and the advantages of the prophetic siurt ). 'ABDALLAH states that he translated it in 926 (1520) from Arabic into Persian and that its source is the imam JA'FAR AL-SADIQ. This particular work being far less interesting than the large class of similar works which it represents, I have classified CHRISTENSEN'S study under Islam. The author has not found it neeessary to publish a complete translation, as magic recipes repeat one another in the most monotonous manner, but gives us instead an elaborate analysis, with a table of the special surat which have some specific magical efficacy, and then translates a number of extracts. This is a very valuable oontributiion to the study of Muslim superstition. The author has added a brief appendix on the story of a the shirt of the happy man )). G. S.

Ooodrich-Freer, Adela. (Mrs. H. I. SPOER). Arabs in tent and town: an intimate account of the family life of the Arabs of Syria, their manner of living in desert and town, their hospitality, customs, and mental attitude, with a description of the animals, birds, flowers and plants of their country. With many (27) illustrations. 325 p. London, SEELEY, SERVICE; New York, PUTNAM, 1924. 1sis

This elaborate title is a good description of a book which can be

heartily commended as keeping fully the promise of its title. The account is no traveller's narrative but is intimate in the true sense, as it is the result of many years of the closest intercourse with all kinds and conditions of people in Syria and, especially, round Jerusalem. There is no padding in it, but it iis crowded with detail - mental, physical, natural - and the details are carried by so many entertaining and pointed stories, and the English style is so good, that they never become burdensome. That the personality and the attitudes, too, of the writer - even her prejudices, and there are several of these - come out very clearly is a distinct advantage. We see through her eyes and we know the eyes through which we are seeing; the prejudices we can discount. For it is a very richly stored mind, of wide experience in even the by-paths of human nature, which is here looking at the world of Palestine. A folk-lorist of distinction, a psychical researcher of

experience and common sense, a traveller of wide range -- all these have

gone to make this book a thesaurus in. its class and exceedingly readable as well. The misprints, due to distance from the printer, are the only drawback; these, especially in the Arabie, are very annoying. For the different dialects of colloquial Arabic cannot as easily be emended by conjecture as can the Arabic of literature. D. B. MACDONALD.

Hurgronje, Christiaan Snouck (1857- ). Verspreide Geschriften

(Gesammelte Werke) 6 deelen. Bonn, KURT SCHROEDER, 1923, etc. ISIS

Le Strange, Ouy. Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate. From contemporary Arabic and Persian sources. New edition. Oxford University Press, 1924. Isis

First edition 1900.



ISLAM. ISRAEL. 573

Schoy, Karl. Ueberden Gnomonschatten und die Schattentafel der arabischen Astronomie. Ein Beitrag zur arabischen Trigonome- trie nach unedierten arabischen Handschriften. Mit 5 Abb. 29 S. 4?. HEINZ LAFAIRE, Hannover 1923. [Kartoniert 2,50 Mk.] isis

Diese dem Andenken H. SUTERS gewidmete Abhandlung fiber die Tan- gensfunktion ist besonders dankenswert, weil unser Wissen fiber deren Anwenidung bei den Muslimen bis heute noch sehr liickenhaft geblieben war. Die Untersuc'hung beginnt mit den Definitionen des Schattens nach IBN JfNUS und ALBiRfiNi. Die in dem Tafelwerk des ALKHWA-RAZMi enthaltenen Schattentafeln werden wohl mit Recht als von dem Bearbeiter MASLAMA zugesetzt betrachtet. Die Kenntnis der Schatten wird jedoch durch den Nachweis einer Schattentafel von HABASH ALHASIB ALMARWAZI. der schon zur Zeit des ALfMA'MUNi und ALIUT'ASIM zu Bagdad als Astronom wirkte und fiber 100 Jahre alt etwa um 870 starb, erheblich uber ABU'LWAF;A hinaufgeriickt, dem man bisher die Erfindung zuge- schrieben hatte. Das Studium dieser alten Handschrift (Berlin, WETZ- STEIN, I, 90) bildet mit dem der Tafeln und Interpolationsverfahren ALBiICUNiS den wesentlichen Inhalt des zweiten Teils der Arbeit. Anwen- dungen der Schattentafeln nach ALNAiRzi, ABU'LWAFA? und IBN JUiNUS (Hakimitische Tafeln) beschliessen die vortreffliche Arbeit des bekannten Forschers. JULIUS RUSKA.

Taeschner, Franz. Das anatolische Wegennetz nach osmanischen Quellen. xvI + 246 p. (Tirkische Bibliothek, t 22), Leipzig, MAYER und MULLER, 1924. s8is

Taeschner, Franz. Die geographische Literatur des Osmanen. Z. der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Ges., t. 2, 31-80, 1923. ISis

Survey of Turkisch geographic literature from the XV. to the end of the XVIII. century. This survey covers fresh ground to a large extent and ought to stimulate further investigations. Thus far only one Turkish geographic work is known abroad outside of a very small number of experts, that is, the Jihan-numa of HAJJi KHALFA (d. 1657), which was printed (partly) in 1732-3 and extracts of which have often been quoted in various European languages. That Turkish literature is not by any means unimportant, however, because it is our best source of information for eastern geography for the period extending from the XIV. century (when the latest Arabic and Persian sources appeared) until relatively recent times, when modern scientific voyages began; it is especially valuable for the XVI. century. The earliest Turkish geographer is JAZYJY OGHLU AHMAD BiJAN, who composed in 1453 a summary of AL-QAzwINi's 'jaj'ib al-makhlfiqat (XIII. cent. He wrote also a mythological cosmography entitled Durr-i-meknufn. An additional note (Nachtrag) apparently cut out from a later number of the Z. D. M. G., is attached to the reprint. G. S.

Zwemer, Samuel M. The law of apostasy in Islam. London, MAR- SCHALL, 1924. Isis

13. - ISRAEL.

Friedman, Elisha M. Survival or extinction: social aspects of the Jewish question. 297 p. New York, SELTZER, 1924. Isis

Frisch, Ephraim. An historical survey of Jewish philanthropy; from the earliest times to the nineteenth century. xi + 196 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1924. s1is



574 ISRARI,

Gaster, Moses. The exempla of the Rabbis, being a collection of exempla. apologues and tales culled from Hebrew MSS. and rare Hebrew books. London, Asia Publishing Co., 1924. Isis

Oiinzig, J. (Rabbiner in Antwerpen). Das Jiidische Schrifttum iiber den Wert des Lebens. 123 S. Hannover, Orient-Buchhandlung, 1924. isis

Maynard, John Albert. A survey of Hebrew education. (Biblical and Oriental series.) xx 4- 65 p. Milwaukee, Morehouse, 1924.

ISIS

Myers, Jack M. The story of the Jewish people. Being a history of the Jewish people since Bible times. With a prefactory note by the Very Rev. the Chief Rabbi. Vol. II. xvI + 256 p. London, KEGAN PAUL, 1924. isis

Schapiro, D. La peritomie; etudegenerale et particuliere. Janus, t. 27, 241-254, 259-285, 1923: t. 28, 120-142, 192-198, 1924; t. 29, 71- 97, 1925 (et a suivre). isis

Schapiro, Israel. Report on the Semitic section. Report of the Librarian of Congress for 1923-4, p. 119-22, 1924. Isis

( The most notable accessions to the Semitic division in the past year consisted of works relating to Cabala and Hasidism... By the new acquisitions the Library is now in possession of nearly all the important original works of the Cabala from its earliest beginnings up to the present time, and the entire material has been made accessible.... Hasi- dism, which originated in Poland in the eighteenth century, is a religious movement. It lays stress on the sentiment and the emoltion of faith rather than on dogma and ritual. The founder of Hasidism, ISRAEL BEN ELIEZER BAAL SHEM-TOB, known also as BeSHT, initiated his numerous disciples and followers into the secrets of its teachings by means of sayings and parables. But his disciples later set down in writing the teachings which they had received orally from their master and elabo- rated them into a compact system. Thus literary activity was stimu- lated. Hasidism, however, unlike Caba.la, never spread over the world, nor did this movement affect other religions; it was confined to Poland and' Russia. In these two countries, however, Hasidim was a powerful factor in the religious and communal life of the Jews. Thelre flourished the Hasidic literature, and there lived most of the noted Hasidic writers and thinkers, such as BAER of Mesertiz, JACOB JOSEPH COHEN of Polon- noye, and SHNEOR SOLOMON of Ladie. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the movement displayed remarkable vitality and reached new stages of development. To this period belong the works of MOTEL of Czernowitz, NACHMAN of Bratzlow, JACOB ISAAC of Lublin, MENDEL of Liubavich, and many others. The bulk of Hasidic material is equally well represented in the Library. ) For SCHAPIRO'S previous report, see Isis, VII, 275-6. G. S.

Sellin, Ernst. Introduction to the Old Testament. Translated by W. MONTGOMERY, with an introduction and a bibliography for English readers by Professor A. S. PEAKE. XXXvIII + 271 p. London, HODDER and STOUGHTON, 1923. 1sis

German original text published in 1910, second edition 1914, third edition 1920.



MIDDLE AGES. 575

15. - MIDDLE AGES.

Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi. Consocietarum academiarnm aus- piciis conditum. Digesserunt J. H. BAXTER. C. H. BEESON, H GOELZER, editor, L. NICOLAU D'OLWER, P. THOMAS, V. USSANI.

(Union Acadmnique Internationale. Bulletin Du Cange). Paris, CHAMPION, 1924. Isis

The first part (76 p.) of vol. I of this new journal contains articles by CH. V. LANGLOIS (Historique sommaire de l'entreprise), W. M. LINDSAY (Use of glossaries), V. USSANI (Lezioni varie e scolii di classici), four shorter notes, reviews of books and notes. I have already spoken of the new < Du Cange > in Isis, V, 170, apropos of A. FONAHN'S valuable Latin-Arabic anatomical glossary. LANGLOIS'S note contains very interesting information on this great international undertaking. The idea was first ventilated in 1913, but did not take any shape until 1920 when it was discussed at the Brussels meeting of the International Union of Academies. It has been decided that the new (( Du Cange ) would be restricted to the Merowingian and Carolingian periods, that is, it will contain the words of the texts written between c. 500 and' a superior date to be determined for each country (1066 for England, 987 for France, etc.). The materilal organization of the work has been, agreed upon. The new Archivum will be in the same relation to the new ( Du Cange ), as the Ephemeris epigraphica is to the Corpus inscrip- tionum latinarum. If possible, monographs will be published from time to time, and first of all, a bibliographical list of all the texts to be ,analyzed. This list is already compiled with regard to Italy, and when completed, with regard to -all European countries, it will be in itself of great value. G. S.

Blake, Robert P. Catalogue des manuscrits georgiens de la Biblio- theque Patriarcale Grecque a Jerusalem. Revue de l'Orient Chretien, t. 23, 345-413, 1922-23 t. 24, 190-210, 1924. Reprint, Paris 1924. Isis

Catalogue tres bien fait decrivant 161 numeros. Le contenu de chaque MS. est soigneusement indique, avec tous les incipit y relatifs en giorgicn et en traduction grecque ou franqaise. Les ouvrages repre- sentes se rapportent presque exclusivemnent k des sujets bibliques, theologiques et hagiographiques. La collection ne renferme aucun MS. ante- rieur au xle siecle. La plupart de ceux du xie siecle semblent avoir ete ecrits pour PROKHORJ. Ce nouveau catalogue comble une vraie lacune, car le catalogue publie en russe par TSAGARELI (1888-9) et traduit en anglais par J. 0. WARDROP (Boston, 1893) etait tout a fait insuffisant. Mon tir6e i part contient une liste autographiee d'errata sur une feuille volante. G. S.

Calmette, Joseph. La Societ6 f6odale. I + -216 p. Paris, A. COLIN, 1923. s181

Jusqu'ici, il n'y avait vraiment, sur la societe feodale, aucun livre qui, tout en etant de caractere scientifique, put, etre aisement compris par le grand public intellectuel. MWme le ( Manuel ) de LUCHAIRE, si pre- cieux, n'est pas ais6ment dechiffrable pour celui qui ne s'adonne pas h des etudes historiques autrement qu'en (( amateur ); aussi peut-on dire que l'ouvrage de M. CALMIETTE repond a un vrita,ble besoin.

L'auteur s'arrete d'aboird aux origines feodales: il ne s'y etend. pas, car, comme il l'explique fort bien, en histoire 1' antecedent n'est pas le seul facteur ni peut-etre le plus significatif ) (p. 4). Il passe done rapidement a l'organisation feod'ale et y explique tout ce qui concerne l'hommage et l'investiture, les obligations feodales et le regime seigneu-



576 MIDDLE AGES.

rial. Puis, il nous donne un court a.perqu sur les classes feodales (noblesse, clerge, bourgeoisie, classes paysannes) et sur les rapports des personnes et des biens. En g6enral, tout cela est ecrit de maniire fort claire et precise, mais ce qui donne vraiment au livre son originalite, ce sont les deux chapitres consacres a la vie f6odale et au monde feodal.

M. CALMETTE a entrepris, en effet, une etude non de la f6odalite, mais de la societe feodale; il essaie donc de replacer dans son cadre de vie tout ce qu'il vient de decrire: il nous parle, non pas de la noblesse, mais de la vie noble; non pas de l'Eglise, mais de la vie ecclesiastique (monastique ou seculiere); il tente de nous faire comprendre la vie rurale et la vie urbaine, la vie economique et la vie prive : c'est une serie de petits tableaux traces a gros traits, mais qui ont beaucoup de charme. Enfin, dans le ( Monde f6odal )), l'auteur a eu l'heureuse idee de parler - tres brievement - d'abord des principaux fiefs francais (Flandre, Bourgogne, Champagne, etc.), puis des autres pays du monde feodal (y compris l'Orient).

Le paragraphe sur la bourgeoisie aurait pu etre plus clair; l'histoire de certains fiefs est trop largement decrite et trop floue. Tel quel, - avec un excellent index bibliogra.phique, - ce petit livre rendra bien des services et fera comprendre ia beaucoup quelle fut la vraie physio- nomie de la societe f6odale. G. G. DEPT.

Cauwenbergh, Etienne van. Les pelerinages expiatoires et judiciaires dans le droit communal de la Belgique au moyen-age. vmI+244 p. (Univ. de Louvain. Recueil de travaux pulbl. par les membres des conferences d'histoire et de phillologie, 48e fase.). Louvain, Bureaux du Recueil, 1922, 1Is

Reviewed' in Journal des Sav;nts, 1924, 182-4, by GEORGES ESPINAS.

Coulton. Oeorge Gordon. The death-penalty for heresy from 1184 to 1921 A. D. (Medieval Studies), 88 p. London, SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, 1924. ISIS

[Finland]. L'art religieux finlandais au Moyen-Age. Choix de reproductions de monuments avec texte explicatif. 46 p., 141 pl, in-4?. Helsingfors, AMOS ANDERSON, 1921. T818

Reviewed by Louis BRuHIE in Journal des Savants, 1924, 84-6.

Firebaugh, W. C. The inns of the middle ages. 274 p. Chicago, PASCAL COVICI, 1924. ,Isi

Guilford, Everard Leaver. Travellers and travelling in the middle ages. 75 p. (Texts for Students). London, SHELDON Press, 1924.

ISIS

Holzknecht, Karl Julius. Literary patronage in the middle ages. v+258 p. (Thesis). Philadelphia, University Press, 1923. isis

Joost, Frieda. Mund- und Gesichtspflege in mittelalterlichen Gesund- heits-regimenten im Abendland. (Diss., Leipzig), Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin an der Universitat Leipzig, 31 S. Leipzig, EMIL GLAUSCH, 1924. Isis

K6tzschke, Rudolf. Allgemeine Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Mittel- alters. (Handbuch der Wirtschaftsgeschichte, herausgegeben von GEORG BRODNITZ). xiv+626 p. Jena, GUSTAV FISCHER, 1924.

ISIS

Reviewed by N. S. B. GRAS in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 343-44, January 1925.



MIDDLE AGES. ROME. 577

Pofte. Marcel. Une vie de cite. Paris de sa naissance 'a nos jours. 1 La jeunesse. Des origines aux temps modernes. In-40, 31+626 p. Carte hors texte. Paris, AUGUSTE PICARD, 1924. ISis

Reviewed in Journal des Savants, 1924, pp. 145-153, by HENRY LEMON- NIER.

Wickersheimer, Ernest. L'evolution de la profession medicale au cours du moyen-age. Scalpel, n?s 42-44, 1924, 17 p. Isis

16 - ROME.

Fell, R. A. L. Etruria and Rome. (Thirlwall prize essay, 1923). vnI+-12 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by RALPH VAN DEMfAN MAGOFFIN in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 383, January 1925.

Leopold, H. M. R. La religione dei Romani nel suo sviluppo storico. Traduzione di PIA LEOPOLD-CECONI. Prefazione di NICOLA TURCHI. xv+240 p. Bari, LATERZA, 1924. isis

Original Dutch text: De ontwikkeling van het heidendom in Rome, Rotterdam, 1918.

Neveu, Raymond. L'amenagement en eau potable des villes de 1'Afrique romaine. Bull. soc. frang. hist. med., t. 18, 299-308, 1924. IBis

PART III.

Systematic Classification. Including only the material which could not be included in Parts I

and II. Hence studies on Japanese astronomy or on XIII. century astronomy are not classified below under astronomy, but above, respectively under Japan (in Part II) and S. XIII (in Part I).

The sections forming Part III follow one another in alphabetic order, thus:

1. Anatomy; 2. Anthropology; 3. Archaeology (Methods, Museums and Collections); 4. Art. Art and Science. Iconography; 5. Arts and Crafts; 6. Astronomy, Geodesy, Meteorology and Terrestrial Physics; 7. Biblio- *graphy and Libraries; 8. Biology; 9. Botany (Agronomy, Phytopathology, Palaeobotany); 10. Chemistry, Physico-Chemistry; 11. Economics (Eco- nomic doctrines and history. Commerce. Transportation and Commu- nications); 12. Education (Methods, Colleges, Universities); 13. Ethno- logy (Primitive and Popular Science); 14. Geography; 15. Geology, Mineralogy, Palaeontology, Mining; 16. History of Civilization (General history, Historical methods, Biography and Chronology); 17. Language and Literature; 18. Logic and Theory of Knowledge; 19. Mathematics; 20. Mechanics; 21. Medicine (A. History, Organizationi and Philosophy; B. Epidemiology, History of diseases); 22. Morals, Moral organization of society; 23. Pharmacy and Pharmacology; 24. Philosophy, History of Philosophy; 25. Physics; 26. Physiology; 27. Prehistory; 28. Psycho- logy; 29. Religion, History of Religion, Religion and Science; 30. Science in general (A. Bibliography; B. History; C. Organization; D. Philo- sophy); 31. Sociology, Jurisprudence and Positive Polity; 32. Statistics; 33. Superstition and Occultism; 34. Technology; 35. Zoology; 36. Alia and' Errata.

Voi, vI-4 38



578 ANTHROPOLOGY. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIBRARIES.

2. ANTHROPOLOGY.

Haddon, Alfred Court. The races of man and their distribution New edition. vmII+184 p., 10 pl. Cambridge, University Press, 1924. isis

First edition x+126 p., London, MILNER, 1909 (XX. century science series).

Pearl, Raymond. Studies in human biology. 653 p. Many diagrams and tables. Baltimore, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, 1924. ISIs

Pittard, Eugene. Les races et l'histoire: introduction ethnologique a l'histoire. (L'dvolution de l'humanite, 5). xx + 621 p., Paris, La Renaissance du Livre, 1924. ISLs

Reviewed by ALES HRDLICKA in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, pp. 109-110, October 1924.

Stoddard, Theodore Lothrop. Racial realities in Europe. New York, SCRIBNER, 1924. IsBI

3. - ARCHAEOLOGY.

(Methods, Museums and Collections).

Casanowicz, i. M. The collections of Old World archeology in the United States National Museum. Report of Smithsonian Institu- tion for 1922, 415-498, 57 plates, 1924. ISIS

6. - ASTRONOMY, GEODESY, METEOROLOGY

and TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS.

Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder. The genesis of planets. Study of fundamental problems of geology. Year Book of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no 23, 268-280, 1924. Isis

Dingle, Herbert. Modern astrophysics. xxvIII - 420 p., 46 pl. London, COLLINS, 1924. ISIS


Humphreys, W. J. Fogs and Clouds. Journal of the Franklin Institute, February-March, 1922. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 187-221, 26 plates, 1924. ISIS

7. - BIBLIOGRAPHY and LIBRARIES

[Eames, Wilberforce]. Bibliographical essays. A tribute to WIL- BERFORCE EAMES. XIX - 440 p., 2 portraits. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1924. I8I8

Preface signed by GEORGE PARKER WINSHIP, June 1924. Collection of

papers dealing most of them with American bibliography. Nine of these papers are quoted in the present bibliography. G. S.

Guppy, Henri (Librarian). The John Rylands Library, Manchester. (1899-1924). A record of its history, with brief descriptions of the building and its contents. In commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of its inauguration. Manchester University Press, 1924. ISs



BIOLOGY 579

Martin, Henri; Blum, Andr6; Mortet, Ch., and others. Le livre fran- gais, des origines

' la fin du Second Empire. Exposition du pavil- Ion de Marsan, avril 1923. Paris, VAN OEST, 1924. IBss

Reviewed by GUSTAVE HIRSCHFEcLD in Larousse Mensuel, t. 6, 679-682, 1925.

Schneider, Georg. Handbuch der Bibliographie. xvI + 544 p. Leipzig, HIERSEMANN, 1923. ISS

Wheeler, Joseph L. The library and the community, Increased book service through library publicity based on community studies. 417 p., illustr. Chicago, American Library Association, 1924.

ISIS

A comprehensive survey of the relations between the library and the community, of the service which the former can render to the latter, and of the best means of rendering that service as well as possible. The author is Librarian of the Youngstown Public Library. Main divisions: 1. The community background; 2. Public opinion and the library; 3. The technique of publicity. G. S.

8. - BIOLOGY.

Clark, J. E. International co-operation in phenological research. Nature, 114, 607-608. 1924. Isis

Followed by a note on the Bioclimatic Law by A. D. HOPKINS, ibidem, 608-9.

East, E. M. Two decades of genetic progress. Journal of Heredity, May, 1922. ReFort of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 285-295, 1924. ISIS

Goldsmith, William Marion. Evolution or Christianity. God or DARWIN ? (American Truth Series: The truth about evolution and religion). 144 p. St. Louis, Mo., The Anderson Press, 1924.

ISiS

Goodrich, Edwin S. Living organisms; an account of their origin and evolution. 200 p., 60 fig. New York, Oxford University Press, American Branch, 1924. [$ 2.00] Isis

I did not intend to read this book; I had planned to sample it by reading only one or two chapters and dipping into various places. But I read the first chapter, then the second and gradually read the whole book with unabated pleasure. It is an excellent introduction to the main concepts of biology. It may prove too condensed however, for

unprepared readers and, as always, it will be the more suggestive that the student's previous knowledge is broader and deaper. The main value of the book lies in its logical rigor, the author having taken great pains to define technical terms as exactly as possible. Indeed, many biological controversies are largely due to careless definitions. There are many good illustrations and, as frontispiece, a beautiful portrait of DARWIN. This is very fitting, for the more one studies the theory of evolution, the greater does the personality of DARWIN appear, towering above all others. Contents: 1. The nature and origin of life. 2.. The cellular structure of organisms, reproduction, and death. 3. Darwinism and heredity. 4. Variation and the factors of inheritance; determination of sex. 5. The struggle for existence and natural selection. 6. Isolation and sexual selection. 7. Phylogeny and classification. 8. The geologcail record of success and failure. 9. Psychology and the evolution of intel-

ligence. G. S.



580 BIOLOGY. BOTANY.

Johnstone, James; Scott, Andrew; and Chadwick, H. C. The marine plankton. A handbook for students and amateur worklers. 1 vol., 194 p., 6 graphs., 19 pl. London, HODDER and STOUGHTON, 1924. 8Is

Reviewed by JEAN DELPHY in Revue genierale des sciences, t. 35, 521-22, 1924.

M6talnikov, S. Immortalite et rajeunissement dans la biologie moderne. 283 p., 12 figs., Paris, ERNEST FLAMMARION. 1924. [8 fr.] Isis

La valeur de ce livre tient surtout a la, revue des travaux de E. MAUPAS, de G. N. CALKINS, de L. L. WOODRUFF, et de METALNIKOV lui-memie, sur la longevite de certainsJ Infusoires. On sait, en effet, que ces deux derniers auteurs ont dimontre, il y a. quelques annees, que, dans des cultures bien soignees, certains Infusoires se reproduisent pendant de longues annees sans aucun processus sexuel, et sans senilite. Tout porte ai croire, surtout depuis la decouverte du processus de l'endomyxis par WOODRUFF, que cette reproduction asexuee peut continuer indefini- ment.

I1 est a regretter que l'idee vitaliste qui impregne ce livre donne lieu ai des exposes qui ne cadrent pas avec les faits connus,. Ainsi (p. 70): ( Les enfants des memes parents ne se ressemblent, au fond, jamais completcmlent, bien qu'ils resoivent !tous Ila meme structure ll6reditaire. ) De meme, la negation des travaux de JACQUES LOEB sur la fecondation (p. 84), sans preuves probantes, ne saurait entrainer personne dans la voie vitaliste.

L'idee fondamentale de METALNIKOV est que (p. 101) : (( A la base de la vie organique, il y a la cellule i;mmortelle qui est douee de l'apti- tude pour la creation illimitee, pour l'accumulation de ]a mati6re vivante, pour la multiplication infinie. ) Et (p. 120): ( Ainsi que le processus sexuel, la mort n'est pas une necessite, une consequence naturelle du cycle vital. )

La derniSre partie du livre traite de la vieillesse et de la mort des animaux superieurs, inclus l'homme. MfITALNIKOV pease que ce qui carac- terise le plus les organismes vivants, c'est l'immortalite, et non la mort. L'auteur nous 'donne, en dernier lieu, un resume des travaux de CH. ED. BROWN-SEQUARD, de E. METCHNIKOF, de E. STEINACH et de S. VORONOFF sur le rajeunissement des Mammiferes.

L'edition francaise est malheureusement pleine de fautes de style et d'orthographe. R. M. MAY.

Osterhout, Winthrop John Van Leuven. The nature of life. (Brown University, the Clover Lectures, 1922) vii + 117 p. New York, HENRY HOLT, 1924

9.- BOTANY.

(Agronomy, Phytopathology, Palaeobotany.)

Collins, 0 N. Notes on the agricultural history of maize. Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1919, vol. 1, 1923, 411-429. I8IS

Copeland, Edwin Bingham. Rice. xiv + 352 p., 18 pl. London, MACMILLAN, 1924. ISIs


Crisp, Sir Frank. Mediaeval gardens, ( flowery medes )), and other arrangements of herbs, flowers, and shrubs grown in the Middle Ages, with some account of Tudor, Elizabethan and Stuart gardens.



CHEMISTRY, PHYSICO-CHEMIISTRY. 581

Edited by his daughter, CATHERINE CHILDS PATERSON. With illustrations from original sources. 2 vols. London, JOHN LANE, 1924.

ISIs

Douglass, A. E. Some aspects of the use of the annual rings of trees in climatic study. Scientific Monthly, vol. 15, July, 1922 Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 223-239, 1924. ?Iss

Holmes, George K. Some features of tobacco history. Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1919, vol. 1, 1923, 387-407. ISIS

Kelsey, R. W. Possibilities of intensive research in agricultural history. Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1919, vol. 1, 1923, 377-383. Isis

Spoehr, H. A. Photosynthesis and the possible use of solar energy. Journal of Industrial and Engineerinbg Chemistry, vol 14. No. 12, December, 1922. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 175-185, 1924. 1sis

10 - CHEMISTRY, PHYSICO-CHEMISTRY.

Abbot, C. (. The architecture of atoms and a universe built of atoms. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 157-166, 1924. Isis

Alexander, Elisabeth H. A bibliography of JOHN FERGUSON, M. A., LL. D., F. S. A., [1837-1916]. Regius professor of chemistry in the University of Glasgow (1874-1915). Reprinted, with altera- tions. from the Transactions of the Glasgow Bibliogt'raphical Society, 1920. 32 p., 2 pl. Isis

This elaborate bibliography completes the biography given by J. M. THorIsoN in Proc. Roy. Philos. Soc., Glasgow, t. 47, 103-114. The late Regius professor of chemistry in Glasgow will be best remembered by his ( Bibliotheca Chemica )), a monumental catalogue (in 2 vol., 4. to.) of the alchemical, chemical and pharmaceutical books in the collection of the late JAMES YOUNG of Kelly and Durvis, Glasgow, 1906. This work is indeed an indispensable guide for the student of the history of early chemistry. The bibliography includes 89 items, most of them very short papers. It is embellished with two portraits, one of which reproducing a bust made by Miss ALEXANDER herself c. 1900 and now in the University of Glasgow. It is very rare indeed that the same hand can model the likeness of a man and write his biography! We must be doubly grateful to Miss ALEXANDER, - The question of JABIR and GEBEIt is not by any means finally solved, as Prof. FERGUSON thought; see Isis, VI, 144; VII, 119-21. G. S.

Bourion, F. Thermochimie. xn-364 p., 43 fig. GASTON DOIN, Paris, 1924. [25 fr.] Isis

Malgre les etudes thermochimiques entreprises sur les reactions les plus variees par J. THOMSEN, des 1853, h Copenhague, et surtout en France, depuis 1865, par M. BERTHELOT et son 6cole, puis en Allemagne par STOHMANN et ses eleves, aux environs de 1890, il reste beaucoup a faire dans le domaine de la thermochimie. Le proleme s'est, en effet, singu- lierement 6largi depuis la fin de 'aeuvre de BERTHELOT, a la suite du developpement qu'ont pris, surtout par les efforts de W. NERNSr, les idees sur l'affinite. Les 6tudes d'ensemble deviennent plus difficiles, les determinations thermochimiques plus complexes, et l'on ne rencontre plus guere que des clercheurs independants, dont les uns s'occupent plus particulierement des relations entre la chaleur degage et la constitution,



582 PHYSICO-CHEMISTRY.

tandis que les autres tendent a ipreciser la technique des methodes calori- metriques. Laissant de cote l'affiiite, qui sera examinee dans un autre livre, BOURION a divise son traite de thermochimie en deux parties, dont l'une (190 p.) interesse la ditermination des chaleurs de reaction, des chaleurs latentes et des chaleurs specifiques, soit par voie directe, soit par voie indirecte, et dont l'autre traite des relations thermiques stcechio- metriques, les electrolytes et les non-alectrolytes etant ici examines a part. L'auteur a ainsi compos6 un expos6 complet de l'etat actuel de la thermochimie, dans lequel il a incorpore les derniers progres de la technique et les resultats les plus nouveaux conduisant a des conclusions qui semblent definitivement aoquises, du moins quant a leur sens general.

L. G.

Bragg, Sir W. H. and W. L. X-rays and crystal structure. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged. xi + 322 p., 8 pl. London, BELL, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by T. M. LOWRY in Nature, 115, 6, 1925.

Browne, C. A. Early chemical industry in America - a few com- parisons of past and present conditions. Ind. Eng-. Chem. 14, 1066, 1922. ISIS

Browne, C. A. GULIAN C. VERPLANCK'S account of alchemy in Old New York. Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 90, 1924. Isis

Compton, Karl Taylor. Recent discoveries and theories relating to the structure of matter. Princeton Lectures No. 10, Princeton University, June, 1922. Reports ot Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 145-156, 1924. Isis

Curie, MmI" Pierre. L'isotopie et les elements isotopes. Recueil des conferences-rapports de documentation sur la physique, vol. 9, 2e serie, 1-3. Societe journal de physique. 210 p. Paris. Les Presses universitaires de France, 1924. Tsis

Fry, Harry Shipley. An outline of the history of chemistry symboli- cally represented in a Rookwood fountain. Ind. Eng. Chem. 14, 868, 1922. I8is

Harn, Orlando Clinton. Lead: the precious metal. xvIIi + 323 p, ill. New York, Century, 1924. Isi8

Higgins, Sydney Herbert. A history of bleaching. viii + 176 p., 9 pl. London, LONGMANS, 1924. ISIS

Newell, Lyman C. The earlier and later days of chemistry in New England. Report of twenty-fifth anniversary of the New England Association of Chemistry Teachers. Boston, March 15, 1924. "sis

Newell, Lyman C. The founders of chemistry in America, Journal of Chemical Education. 2, 48, 1925. TIss

Rayleigh, Lord (Robert John Strutt. 4th baron). The glow of phos phorus. Nature, 114, 612-4, 1924. IsIB

Smith, Edward H. Some early chemical symbols. Ind. Eng. Chem. 16, 406, 1924. ISis

Urbain, Georges. L'energetique des reactions chimiques : lecons pro- fessees a la Sorbonne. (Collection de physique et chimie ) vii +- 267 p. Paris, GASTON DOIN, 1925. [25 fr.] ISis



ECONOMICS. EDUCATION. 583

II manquait. en langue francaise, un traite de thermodynamique chimique 6crit pour les chimistes par un chimiste. Ce traite, G. URBAIN nous Ie donne, sous la forme d'une introduction th6orique a l'energetique; des reactions chimiques. L'auteur expose ,dabord (74 p.) les principes de la thermodynamique; puis, apres quelques pages sur la thermochimie (l'auteur renvoie au livre de F. BOURION ci-dessus recense), il expose la theorie moderne de l'affin'it, sans s'arreter aux applications, qui, dit-il, feront l'objet d'un autre volume de la meme collection. Pas de bilbliographie: le volume reproduit un cours profess6 en Sorbonne. L. G.

11.- ECONOMICS.

(Economic doctrines and history. Commerce.

Transportation and Communications.)

Desch, Cecil H. The steel industry of South Yorkshire: a regional study. Being a paper read to the Sociological Society on 24th January, 1922. Sociological Review, 14, 131-137, 1922. Isis

( The sequence of events by which Sheffield has become the most important centre in the world for the manufacture of steels of the highest class provides an interesting study for the sociologist and the regional geographer. The factors which have led to its remarkable progress, in competition with other districts in situations apparently more favourable to expansion, are not obvious at a first glance, and a more detailed examination shows that a purely material explanation is insufficient, and that certain human and social elements have to be taken into account in the discussion. )

Segre, Arturo. Storia del commercio. (Biblioteca dell' Insegnamento Commerciale e Professionale.) Vol. 1. Dalle origini alla Rivolu- zione Francese; vol. 2. L'Eta contemporanea (1789-1922). Seconda edizione riveduta ed aumentata. v + 552 p.; in + 559-1208 p. Turin, S LATTES, 1923. Isis

Reviewed by CLIVE DAY in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 112-113, October 1924.

Wallace, Frederick William. Wooden ships and iron men. The story of the square-rigged merchant marine of British North America, the ships, their builders and owners, and the men who sailed them. London, HODDER and STOUGHTON, 1924. ISIs

12. -- EDUCATION.

(Methods, Colleges, Universities.) Birbeck College centenary lectures (1823-1923). University of Lon-

don Press, 1924. ISIS

Demarest, William H. S. A history of Rutgers College, 1766-1924. x + 570 p. New Brunswick, N. J. The College, 1924. isis

Reviewed by J. W. T. in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 164-166, October 1924.

Mallet, Charles Edward. A history of the University of Oxford. 2 vols. Vol I. The mediaeval university and the colleges founded in the middle ages. xxii + 448 p. Vol. 2. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. xv + 502 p. London, METHUEN, 1924.

ISIS

Stewart, George, jr. A history of religious education in Connecticut to the middle of the nineteenth century. xv + 402 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1924. Isle



584 ETHNOLOGY. GEOGRAPHY.

13. -- ETHNOLOGY.

(Primitive and popular science.)

Brown, J. Macmillan. The riddle of the Pacific. London, FISHER UNWIN, 1924. Isis

Buxton, L H. Dudley. Primitive labour. viI -- 272 p. London, METHUEN, 1924. IsIS

Forbes, Henry C. A possible origin of contracted burials. Nature, 114, 535-6, 1924. ISIs

( It seems to me not improbable that where among primitive peoples the dead were not retained long above ground after breathing their last, the contracted position, in which Death usually overtook his victims, stiffening limb and muscle in that attitude by the rigor mortis - a rigidity requiring force to abate - came to be adopted as the natural, if not magical position for sepulture (whether laid' on right or left side or set erect) rather than from any idea of tie deceased's position when an embryo, or of ' his returning to the womb of the earth '. >

Frazer, Sir James George. The belief in immortality and the worship of the dead. Vol. 3. The belief among the Micronesians. Ix + 326 p. London, MACMILLAN, 1924. IBI8

For previous volumes, see Isis, I, 540; V, 546.

Galdston, lago. Tuberculosis in folk medicine. Medical Life, vol. 31, 393-396, 1924. IsIs

Hartland, E. Sidney. Primitive law. vi + 222 p. London, METHUEN, 1924. ISIs

Kummer, Frederic Arnold. The first days of knowledge * as narrated quite simply for young readers. Vol. 2 of The earth's story. 314 p. New York, DORAN, 1923. Isis

Rivers, W. H. R. Social organizations. Edited by W. J. PERRY. (The history of civilization series) xi + 226 p. London, KEGAN PAUL, 1924. Isis

Van Andel, M. A. The ceraunia or thunder axe. Its use in folk medecine. Annals of Medical history, vol. 6, 452-456, 2 fig , 1924. 1i9s

Williamson, Robert W. The social and political systems of central Polynesia. 3 vols. Vol. 1, xxvIII + 438 p.; vol. 2, 496 p.; vol. 3, 487 p. Cambridge University Press, 1924. Isis

Wright, Jonathan. An introduction to the study of the medecine of primitive man. Medical Life, vol. 31, 483-489, 1924. 'sis

14. - GEOGRAPHY.

Abbot, C. 0. How deep is the ocean? Report of Smithsonian Insti- tution for 1922, 275-284, 4 fig. 1924, isis

Brunhes, Jean. Human geography: an attempt at a positive classification. Principles and examples. Translated by T. C. LE COMPTE. Edited by ISAIAH BOWMAN and RICHARD ELWOOD DODGE. XVI + 648 p. London, G. G. HARRAP, 1924. Isis

American edition, Chicago, RAND, MONALLY, 1920.



GEOGRAPHY. 585

Collin, Elicio (editor). XXXllIe Bibliographie geographique, 1923. Faisant suite a la bibliographie geographique annuelle des Annales de Geographie. Publiee avec la collaboration de l'American Geo- graphical Society et ave le concours de la Federation des Societes Frangaises de Sciences Naturelles. (Association de Gdographes Francais), 392 p. Paris, COLIN, 1924. Isis

Cette bibliographie est si bien connue des geograplles, qu'il est ?i peine necessaire d'en parler longuernent. I1 faut signaler cependant qu'A partir du present volume, une partie du tra.vail bibliogra.phique a. et faite par F' ( American Geographical Society ) de New-York, et le president de l'Association de G6ographes francais, L. GALLOIS, professeur a a1 Sorbonne, a;nnonce que, Pan prochain, les geographes italiens assumeront la redaction d'une autre partie. Cette IXXXIII Bibliographie contient 1,936 notes, contribuees ,par une soixantaine de collaborateurs et arran- g6es commne suit,: I. Partie gentrale. IHistoire de la g6ograplie et geographie historique (151 notes); Geographie mathematique et Cartographie; Geographie naturelle; Geographlie humaine; Ouvrages divers; H1. Partie regioniale (elasseme;nt g6ographique). G. S.

Johnston, Sir Harry, and Quest, L. Haden (editors). The outline of the world to-day. Parts 22-24 with complete index, pp. 201-340 London, GEORGE NEWNES, 1924. Isis

Popular work, the publication of which began in 1923. The American edition (PUTNAM, New-York) is entitled ( The World of to-day ).).

G. S.

Schulz, Bruno. Stand und Bedeutung der Echolotfrage. 7 ijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskunidig Genootschap, 2nd Ser., vol. 42, 1925, pp. 85-103, 5 fig 18s,

Discussion of the German, French, British and American methods of echo-sounding. See Isis, VII, 304. J. K. W.

Vallaux, Camille. Les sciences geographiques. vIaI + 414 p., FELIX ALCAN, Paris, 1925. [25 fr.J Isrs

L'auteur, qui, pendant iplus de vingt ans, a enseign6 la geographie, publi6 des articles de revues et des ouvrages de geographie, a cherche a determiner le rang de la geoggraphie dans l'ensemble des connaissances humaines, et nous livre ses r6flexions. S'il reconnait la ( Geographie comme une science autonome ) (chapitre de 318 p.), la geograplphie qui ( est en elle-meme une philosophie du monde de l'homme ), il 6tudie ega- lement la geographie des sciences inorganiques (pp. 331-348), la geographie biologique (pp. 349-369), la g6ographie historique (pp. 370-388) et la g6o- graphie sociologique (pp. 389-103), bien que, dans ces geographies auxi- liaires, les ( explications de Fordre geographique sont limitees, sont reduites aux faits pour lesquels les representations cartographiques sont possibles, et ou ces representations out leur place n6cessaire dans l'enchat- nement des causes )>. Dans la premiere partie, qui comprend plus des deux tiers de l'ouvrage, il examine successivement le caractere utilitaire et descriptif de la g6ographie (pp. 3-27), l'assimilation de la surface terrestre a un organisme (pp. 28-57) (l'ecorce terrestre est une zone de contact des forces repandues dans le Cosmos), les tours d'horizon et les faits de masse (pp. 58-85) (la geographie est une science de groupe- ment), les paysages geographiques (pp. 86-119), la geologie et la geographie physique (pp. 120-145), les ordres de grandeur et les groupements regionaux (pp. 146-174), l'articulation des faits de masse en geographie humaine (pp. 175-204), les possibilites de l'experience et de la prevision (pp. 205-232) (prevision d'intuition en geographie physique et en geo-



586 GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY, MINING.

graphie humaine), l'economie destructive (pp. 233-274), et, enfin, la possi- bilite pour la geographie de se debarrasser des causes finales, et les relations de la geographie avec l'astronomie physique (pp. 275-316). - Dans le chapitre relatif h la geographie bidlogique, VALLAUX admet (p. 360) la germination des grains de ble trouves dans les sepultures d'Egypte. Il y a bien longtemps que MASPiR.O, interroge a ce sujet, a declare que seules levaient les graines achetees aux fellahs, tandis que les graines provenant authentiquement des tombeaux ne germaient jamais. Les experiences poursuivies par P. BECQUEREL de 1905 a 1907 parlent dans le meme sens. L. G.

15 - GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, PALAEONTOLOO Y, MINING

(For palaeobotany, palaeozoology and palaeoanthropologsy, see respectively botany, zoology and prehistory).

Chamberlin, T C.. and others. The age of the earth. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 61, Dec. 26, 1922. JReport of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 241-273, 1924. IsIs

De Fiori, O. Le eruzioni sottomarine, i fenomeni vulcanici secondari nelle Eolie a le eruzioni storiche di Lipari. Zeitschrift fir Vulka- nologie, Bd. 6. 1922, 114-154, Ed. 7, 1923, 1-54, 9 figs. DIETRICH REIMER, Berlin. rsis

Geologic changes are so slow that the literary products of past ages as a general rule throw little or no light upon their nature. DE FIORI'S monograph illustrates an exception to this rule. Methods of historical research are here lapplied to a strictly geological problem. The author utiliizes numerous references scattered through classical and modern literature to reconstruct certain important phases of the vulcanological history of the Eolian Islands. Incidentally his citations are of value for what they reveal of the evolution of European knowledge of volcanic phenomena from the Homeric age onward. J. K. W.

Eckardt, Wilhelm Richard. (Leiter des Meteorologischen Observa. toriums und des offentlichen Wetterdienstes in Essen.) Palao- klimatologie. Zweite, neubearbeitete Auflage. 119 S. Sammlung Goschen, Bd. 482. Berlin, WALTER DE GRUYTER, 1923. rIis

( In der 2. Auflage des vorliegenden Biandchens wurde der meteoro- logische Teill des Problems noch starker als bisher hervorgehoben, wdhrend die biologische Seite des Problems hier etwas zuriicktritt. Das schien mir umso gebotener, wei.l ja bisher das palaeothermale Problem gerade von der meteorologischen Seite aus am wenigsten die gebuihrende sach- gemafsse Behandlung erfahren hat. Diesem Mangel sucht daher das vorliegende Blindchen in erster Linie zu begegnen. )) Inhalt: Einfiihrung; Die praikarbonen Perioden; Das Karbon; Die klimatischen Verhaltnisse im Permokarbon; Das Mesozoikum; Die Tertiarzeit; Die diluviale Eis- zeit; Die allgemeine Konstanz des heutigen Klimas; Sakuilare' Klima- perioden; Die Griunde fir die Eigentiimlichkeiten des Klimas der geolo- gischen Vergangenheit; Zusammenfassung.

Joly, John. Radioactivity and the surface history of the earth ; being the Halley Lecture delivered on May 28, 1924. 40 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924. IIS8

Wegener, Alfred. The origin of continents and oceans. Translated from the third German edition by J. G. A. SKERL. With an introduction by J W. EVANS. XX +- 212 p. London, METHUEN, 1924.

I81I



HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION. MATHEMATICS 587

First German edition 1915, second 1920, third, 1922 (Braunschweig, VIEWEG). French translation, Paris, BLANCHARD, 1924. See Isis, VII, 305, 308.

16. - HISTORY of CIVILIZATION

(General History, Historical methods, Biography and Chronology.) Berr, Henri. JACQUES DE MORGAN (1857-1924). Revue de Synthese histo-

rique, t. 38, 5-14, 1924. Isis

Burns, C. Delisle. A short history of international intercourse. 159 p. London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1924. ISis

Reviewed by GEORGE H. BLAKESLEE in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 169-70, October 1924.

Larson, Laurence Marcellus. History of England and the British Commonwealth. (American Historical Series, CHARLES H. HAS- KINS, general editor) ix + 911 p. New York, HENRY HOLT, 1924.

ISIS

Reviewed by W. E. LUNT in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 126-128, October 1924.

Niederle, Lubor. Manuel de l'antiquite slave. T. 1. L'histoire (Col- lection de manuels publi6s par l'Institut d'Etudes Slaves, 1) viii + 246 p. Paris, CHAMPION. 1923. ISIs

Potter, Pitman Benjamin. The freedom of the seas in history, law, and politics. xvI + 299 p. New York, LONGMANS, GREEN, 1924.

ISIS

Reviewed by LOUISE FARGO BROWN in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 113-115, October 1924.

RIeeves, J. The world-story of 3.000.000 000 (?) years. With a foreword by J. ARTIIUJR THOiMsoN. 6 charts. London. KING, 1922.

[2s. 6; d ], IIs

An interesting attempt to summarize the world's history from the original chaos down to our very days. Inspired by H. G. WELLS'S Out- line of history. Contents : 1. I. The Astronomical Era. Advance to a habitable globe and to life. 2. II. The Geological Era. Advance to seed- bearing plants, backboned, air-breathing animals. 3. II. The Geological Era (continued). Advance to flowering plants and man. 4. III. The Human Era (prehistoric). Advance to implements, to full human brain, posture, feature and stature. 5. III. The Human Era (prehistoric) (continued). Advance to husbandry and civilization. 6. III. The Human Era (historic). Advance to writing, science, law, self-government, freedom, education, unity. - Such charts are undoubtedly useful, if it were only to make people realize the extreme brevity of historic times, as compared with the total evolution, the extreme youth of our civilization. The consciousness of this brevity enables us to consider more cheerfully the many imperfections of human life and to look towards the future with renewed hope. G. S.

19. - MATHEMATICS.

Agostini, Amedeo. L'invenzione dei logaritmi. Periodico di Matema- tiche, IV, t. 2, Bologna, 1922, 135-150. ISIs

Agostini, Amedeo. La teoria dei logaritmi da MENGOLI ad EULERO. Periodico di Matematiche, IV, t. 2, Bologna, 1922, 430-451. Isis



588 MATHEMATICS.

Agostini, Amedeo. La teoria dei logaritmi dal 1750 al 1800. Periodico di Matematiche, IV, t. 3. Bologna, 1923, 177-190. Isis

Reviewed by Father H. BOSMANS in Revue des Questions scientifiques, October 1924, 15-16.

Ahrens, Wilhelm Matheniatische Unterhaltungen und Spiele. 1 Bd., 3., verb. anastatisch gedr. Aufl. vmr + 400 S, 8?, 200 Fig. 2. Bd., 2 , vermehlrte u. verb. Aufl. x + 455 S., 80, 128 Fig. Leipzig, B. G. TEUBNER, 1921 bzw. 1918. IsIS

Dieses Werk ist bekannt als ( standard work )) nicht nur in Bezug auf den Gegenstand, sondern auch in Bezug auf die aiisserst zahlreichen und zuverliissigen historisch-literarischen Noten, so dass es geniigt, die neuen Auflagen hier wieder anzuzeigen. H. W.

Amodeo, Federico. Vita matematica Napoletena, studio storico. Parte seconda 8?. viin 384 p. Napoli, Tipografia dell'Accademia Pon- taniana, 1924. ISIS

The first part (216 p.) of this valuable work by Professor AMIODEO was published in 1905 as opus 61; the present part, opus 118, has a twenty-page index to the whole work, and this is of great utility in placing the rich contents readily at the disposal of an inquirer. Not only concerning numerous individuals, such as NICOTO, FERGOLA, VIN- CENZO FLAUTI, NICOLO GIORDANO, and GIUSEPPE SCARZA is given much information not readily to be found elsewhere, also concerning Napoletan academies, schools, and libraries and the general development of mathematics. R. C. A.

Barriol, Alfred. Theorie et pratique des operations financieres. 39 edition, revue. corrigee et augmentee. 1 vol., 400 p , nombreux graphiques et tableaux dans le texte. Paris, GASTON DOIN, 1925.

ISIS

o On peut resunmer comme suit les matieres contenues dans ce livre: Flauteur part du prat a interet simple, d6finit les comptes courants, etudie entierement les operations de change, passe du calcul des annuites a l'etablissement des tableaux d'amortissement et 'a la determination de la valeur des titres par la recherche du taux effectif des emprunts. I1 examine les differentes sortes d'obligations que l'on rencontre sur le marche, ainsi que la repereussion sur leur rendement des impots et taxes dont elles sont fraippees. L'ouvrage se termine par l'expos6 des operations de bourse (comptant, terme, primes, report...) et les operations de haute banque (prets sur titres, emissions.,..). > - ( L'edition actuelle a et6 soigneusement mise a jour en ce qui concerne les lois nouvelles. I1re edition, 1908; 2T edition, 1914. Expose6 la fois tres clair et treas conmplet. L'auteur est ancien i1eve de l'Ecole polytechnique, directeur de l'Institut des Finances et des Assurances, menibre de l'lnstitut des Actuaires fran- qais, secretaire general de la Soci.ete de Statistique de Paris. G. S.

Bertini, Eugenlo. Einfiihrung in die projektive Geometrie mehr- dimensionaler Riume. Deutsch herausgeg. von A. DUSCHEK. XXII + 480 S. 86, Wien, L. W. SEIDEL, 1924. Isis

Man darf aus idem Titel dieses Buches nicht schliessen, dass die Behandlung geometrisch sei. Diese ist vielmehr durchweg analytisch und die Auffassung der ( Raume ) arithmetisch. Doch handelt es 'ich nur um projektive Eigenschaften dieser Rilume. Man kann niclht sagen, dass BERTINIS Buch das beste dieser Art ist; denn es ist das einzige. Aber man darf sagen, dass es ausgezeielnet ist. Ein grosserer Anhang (von S. 413 an) wendet die Theorie auf ebene algebraische Kurven und deren Singularitaten an. Die Uebersetzung ist mit grosser Liebe und Sorgfalt gemacht, die Ausstattung mustergiltig. H. W.



MATHEMATICS. 589

Bortolotti, Ettore. ANTONIO FAVARO. Storico delle scienze mateattiche. Atti e Memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia PIatria per le Romagne. Vol. 14, fase. 1-3, 36 p., Bologna, 1924 Isis

Coolidge, Julian Lowell. Geometry of the complex domain. 242 p. Oxford University Press, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by C. L. E. MOORE in the American Matnaenwatical Monthly, vol. 32, 42, 1925.

Orebe, W. Mathematischer und philosophischer Unterricht in ihrer gegenseitigen Befruchtung. Zeitschr. f math. u. naturw. Unter- richt 54, S. 193-201, 1923. Isis

Will gegeniiber den 'neueren Bestrebungen, den philosophischen Anfangsunterricht an die Deutschkunde zu ketten, zeigen, dass die math.-nat. Grundlage sich hiezu ebenso eignet. H. W.

Hecke, Erich. Vorlesungen fiber die Theorie der algebraischen Zahlen. 266 S., 80. Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsanstalt, 1923.

IsBIS

Dieses Buch,, auf gutem Papier sehr schon gedruckt und geschmackvoll gebudilen (trotz schlimmster Inflationszeit) ist wie eine Bergfahrt, die zuerst iiber Matten auf schuinen neuen Wegen und dann plotzlich steil durclh Felsen auf einen iiberragenden Gipfel fiihrt. Die neuen Wege sind die Methoden der Gruppentheorie, der Gipfel ist dass allgemeinAte quadratische Reziprozitaitsgesetz in beliebigen algebraischen Zahlkirpern (mit neuem Beweis). Das His'toriscle ist nicht ganz ausser acht gelassen. H. W.

Karpinski, Louis C. Colonial American arithmetics. Bibliographical essays, a tribute to WILBERFORCE EAMES, 1924, p. 242-248. IsIS

With a checklist, 1556 to 1775. 4 facsimiles. The first four iteis (1556, 16i23, 1649, 1675) are Mexican. For the very first (1556) see Isis, IV, 409. The first N. American arithmetic was WVILLIAM BRAD- FORD, Young Man's Companion. New York, 1705 (no copy known); secondc editilon, 1710 (Isis, VII, 222). Of a total of 29 items, one belongs to the XVI., 3 to the XVII. and 25 to the XVIII. century. G. S.

Klein, Felix. Elementarmathematik vom hoheren Standpunkte aus. 3. Aufl. I Bd. Arithmetik, Algebra, Analysis. Ausgearbeitet von E. HELLINGER. Fir den Druck fertig gemacht und mit Zusatzen verselien van FR. SEYFARTH. xii + 321 S., 8?, 125 Abbil- dungen. Berlin, SPRINGER. 1924. I8i8

Die 2 ersten Auflagen waren lediglich aattographiert. Es ist sehr erfreulich, dass diese fur jeden Lehrer aiisserst wichtigen Vorlesungen nun im Druck allgemein zugiinglich gemacht werden. Der Text selbst ist wenig verindert. Nur in den Fussnoten und den Zusiitzen. (von S. 291 an) sind Erganzungen gegeben. Das ganze Werk ist mit geschichtlichen Bemerkungen durchsetzt und von historischer Auffassung getragen. II. W.

Kowalewski, Gerhard. Einffihrung in die Determinantentheorie einschliesslich der Fredholmschen Determinanten. 2, verkiirte Auflage. vit + 304 S., 80. Berlin u. Leipzig, WALTER DE GRUYTER, 1925. Isis

Selt der ersten Auflage dieses guten Buches ist auch ein anastatiseher Neudruck schon vergriffen, ein Zeichen fiir seine Beliebtheit. Die Kiirzung, die der elnorm gestiegenen Preise wregen notig war, hat das Buch nur handlicher gemacht. Wohl das modernste Buch ilber Deter- minanten. H. W.



590 M.THEMATICS.

Lietzmann, Walter. Erkenntnislehre im mathematischen Unterricht der Oberklassen. 68 S, 80. Charlottenburg, Mundus-Verlags- anst., 1921. tIis

Handelt vom Beweisen und Definieren, von den Grundbegriffen der Geometrie, vom Zahl - und Raumbegriff. H. W.

Lietzmann, Walter. Methodik des mathematischen Unterrichts. 3. Teil : Didaktik der angewandten Mathematik. xn +- 234 S., 8?. mit 4 Tafeln und 50 Textfiguren. Leipzig, QUELLE und MEYER, 1924.

IBIS

Mit diesem Bande ist das grosse Methodikwerk des Verf. (I. Bd. All-

gemeine Methodik, 1919; II. Bd. Didaktik der einzelnen Unterrichts- gebietc, 2. Aufl. 1923; vgl. Rezension von I). E. SMITH im Am. Math. Monthly, 31, 1924, p. 252) abgeschlossen. Unter Heranziehung reicher Literatur werden die Beziehungen zum Linearzeichnen, Werkunterricht, zur Geodisie und Astronomic, Staatsbiirgerkunde und Wirtschaftslehre, zur Mechanik, Physik und Philosophie geschiildert. H. W.

Locke, L. Leland. The history of modern calculating machines, an American contribution. The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 31, 422-429, 1924. IsIS

( During the past two decades the calculating machine has been

developed and commercialized to such an extent that it may be said to rival logarithms in importance as a labor-saving device. Comning as the climax of three centuries of somewhat unproductive experimentation, its perfecting lacks the picturesqiueness which belongs to the invention of logarithms. Just how soon the latter device will be remembered only as a curiosity in the development of mathematics it is difficult to predict. Certain it is that the calculating machine has not attracted the attention of the mathematician to the extent it deserves, witness the

complete absence of literature on the subject in American technical

journals and an almost equal void in foreign publications. The available information concerning such machines is chiefly to be found in

patents, descriptive articles on the mechanical features of particular machines, catalogs of collections and exhibitions, advertising material (sometimes with historical notes of more or less value), and a few

general treatises. Moreover, these various elements, with diverse and often competing aims, have produced an ambiguous terminology which is a source of dissatisfaction to the careful reader, ) 1. Terminology; 2. A new classification of calculating machines; 3. The BALDWIN-ODHNER

priority claims. After mentioning PASCAL'S adding machine (1642) and LEIBNIZ'S multiplying machine; LOCIKE says < The next real advance was due to X. !C. THOMAS of Colmax, who utilized the stepped cylinder of

LEIBNIZ in a machine built in 18,20, although it is said that he was not familiar with the work of the, latter. The THOMAS invention is the prototype of practically all commercial machines built before 1875, and' of a goodly share of those developed since that time ))... (( FRANK STEPIEN BALDWIL, on September 8, 1873, applied for and on February 2, 1875, was granted a patent on the first practical calculating machine which at all times had the capacity to add, subtract, multiply, and divide with no resetting of the mechanism and with no form of conversion for any of the processes. It is the purpose of this note to describe the machine

briefly and to submit evidence as to the validity of the two qualifying adjectives, first and practical, the former of which has frequently by

implication been denied. T -- e The Odhner Machine. WILLGODT THEO-

PIILE ODHNER; a Swede, filed application on July 13, 1878, and was

granted U. S. Patent No. 209416 on October 29, 1878, on a machine

very similar in design to the BALDWIN machine and embodying the two



MATHEMATICS. 591

distinctive features of Mr. BALDWIN'S invention, the cam operated radial pins and the sliding wedge carrying mechanism... Priority. The earliest docunentary evidence for the ODHNER machine available to the writer is the date of the application for the U. S. Patent, July 13, 1878. BALD- WIN'S caveat shows a completed design on September 28, 1872... It is not the purpose of this note to attempt an evaluation of Mr. BALDWIN'S first calculating machine, nor of his subsequent work, but rather to establish the validity of the statement that this machine is the direct and lineal prototype of all machines of that class which have erroneously been attributed to ODHNER, that Mr. BALDWIN shall receive the credit which has been so long and so persistently withheld and which is his just due,. THOMIAS of Colmar was the inventor of the first practical non- reversible cycle calculator. FRANK STEPHEN BALDWIN was the inventor of the first practical reversible cycle calculator. Probably 90 per cent.. of all calculators whi'ch have achieved commercial' success since 1875 must be classed as direct successiors of the BALDWIN patent. )) These extracts give a good idea of the argument of this paper. I may add that the author (who was appointed Secretary of the History of Science Society for the year 1925) is the owner of what is probably the best collection ,of books and documents dealing with calculating machines. For a previous work of his, on the quipu, see Isis, VI, 219. According to FELDHAUS (Die Technik, 8i60), XAVIER CHARLES THOMAS built his machine in 1818 . G.S.

Miller, U. A. Histories of mathematics by FLORIAN CAJORI and D. E. SMITH. School Science and Mathematics, December, 1924, vol. 24, p. 939-947. 1s8s

The only reason for introducing the name of FLOI:IAN CAJORI into the title seems to be that the writer might give references to some of his earlier papers. Such papers have been already adequately charac- terized in Isis, IV, 494-496; V, 552-3. This is another article of the same kind, with the first volume of Professor SMuITH's History as text.

R. C. A.

Mfiller, Emil. Vorlesungen fiber darstellende Geometrie. I. Band. Die linearen Abbildungen. Bearbeiteit von ERWIN KRUPPA. xni + 292 S. 8W, 104 Texfiguren Leipzig und Wien, FRANZ DEUTICKE, 1923. IIS

Inmitten der Flut analytischer 'Werke einmal ein bedeutendes Werk der Geometric! Kein Lehrbuch der darstellenden Geometrie (deren ja E. MULLER selbst eines geschrieben hat), sondern Behandlung aller Abbil- dungsverfahren von einem sehr hohen und allgemeinen Standpunkt aus, der beim. Leser Kenntnis der darstellenden unid der projektiven Geo- metric bereits voraussetzt. Ein glFinzendes Zeugnis des fortdauernd hohen Standpunktes des geometrischen Unterriehtes in Oesterreich.

H. W.

Natucci, Alpinolo. Sguardo storico sull' origine e lo sviluppo dell aritmetica generale. Bollettino di Matematica, sezione storica, 1925, 15 p. aisI

Romig, H. 0. Early history of division by zero. The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 31, 387-389, 1924. ISIS

Rothe, Hermann. Vorlesungen fiber hohere Mathematik. 2., ver- bess. Aufl. xr + 691 S., 142 Fig. Wien, L. W. SEIDEL & Sohln, 1923. ISIs

Dieses Buch ist 1.921 zum erstenmal erschienen. Dass es innerhalb 2 Jahren, trotz vieler Konkurrenten, und unter den damaligen Umstainden, schon eine 2. Aufl. erlebte, spricht schon ffir seine Gute. Freilich hat es ( Miingel ). Diese bestehen aber nur in dem ( Fehlen ) einiger



MATHEMATICS

Abschnitte (Maxima und Minima, Reihenlehre, Transformation mehr- facher Integrale), die der Autor lediglich des Umfangs wegen wegliess. Es enthiilt aber nur die Grund'iige der Differential-und Integralrechnung. Warumr es doch so dick ist? Das hat zwei Ursachen. Erstens grosse Strenge in del Grundlagen (wenn auch eine Theorie der Irrationalzahlen fellt), zweitens grosse Ausfiihrlichkeit in den zahlreichen Beispielen. D)as Werk ist also trotz seiner Grindlichkeit nicht << schwierig >, wegen des guten Papiers aber (( sclwer ) (1 1/2 kg-!). Vorziiglich gedruckt und (fur deutsche Verh:iltnisse) verhaltnismassig billig. Allen ernsten Studierenden sehr zu empfehlen. H. W.

Rothe, Herman. Einfiihrung in die Tensorrechnung. Iv + 179 S. 23 Fig. Wien, L W. SEIDEL & Sohn, 1923. ss18

Die Tensorrechnung, die sonst ein Veilchen im Verborgenen geblieben wiire, ist durch die Einsteinsche allgemeine Relativitiatstheorie zu ungeahnter Bedeutung gekommen. Eine schwierige Sache, selbst fiir viele gute Fachlmathematiker! Dem suchte der Verf., der sich schon durch das eben angezeigte Werk als geschickter Padagoge erwiesen hatter abzuhelfen. Leider starb er aber mitten in seiner Arbeit, sodass nur die ( Tensor Algebra )) vollendet wurde, waihrend die (( Tensor Analysis ? ausfallen muss. So bedauerlich das ist, sind wir doch fiir das vorliegende ausgezeichnete, sehr elementare Buch dankbar. Enalische Leser seien auf die iiberaus warme Besprechung in Nature (Vol. 114, No. 2868) hingewiesen, die schliesst ( it is well worthy of translation ).

H. W.

Schwerdt, H. Lehrbuch der Nomographie auf abbildungsgeome. trischer Grundlage. vii -- 267 S. 80, 137 Textabbildungen. 151 angewandten Aufgaben und Lisungen. Berlin, JULIUS SPRINGER, 1924. 181I

Die Nomographie (graphisches Rechnen mit Funktionsleitern und Netzen), von M. D'OCAGNE 18S4 begriindet (Isis, VI, 176) zaihlt nun auch in Deutsclland schon mindestens 13 Darstellungen, deren beste wolil bisher die 2 Biindchen von PAUL LUCKEY (Leipzig, 1918/20) waren. Jetb:t hat sie in dem vorliegenden Buch, das glia.zend ausgestattet ist, die viellei'cht iiberhaupt ausfihrlichste Beliandlung gefunden, die zugleich theoretiseh und praktisch ist. Ein kurzes geschichtliches Kapitel (S. 38-42) bclehrt uns (zum Teil nach P. LUCKEY), dass das Verfahren in den Netztafeln der Astrolabien, Sonnenuhren, Proportionalzirkel und Kartenprojektionen Vorgienger hat. JOH. WERNENI hat in seinem ( MIeteoroskop ) (Krakau, 1557) zuerst bewusst eine Punktion.sleiter beniitzt. (Isis, VII, 312.) H. V.

Thompson, Alexander John. Logarithmetica Britannica : being a standard table of logarithms to twenty decimal places. Part 9: numbers 90,000 to 100,000, issued by the Biometric Laboratory, University of London, to commemorate the tercentenary of HENRY BRIGGS'S publication of the Arithmetica Logarithmica, 1624. Cambridge University Press, 1924. 18s8

Togliatti, Eugenlo (. Sul volume della sfera (Esposizione storico- comparativa). Periodico di Matematiche, IV, t. 2, Bologna, 1922, p. 305-326. Isis

Reviewed by Father H. BosMrANs in Revue des Questions scientifiques, octobre 1924, pp. 1-4.

Tropfke, Joh. Geschichte der Elementar-Mathematik. 2. Aufl. vii. Band: Stereometrie. Verzeichnisse. vi + 128 S. 8?. Berlin, WALTER DE GRUYTER & C?., 1921. UIsI



MATHBM&TICS. 593

Die 2. Aufl., deren erste 3 B.inde ich hier (Isis, V, 182-186) ausfiihTlich anzeigte (vgL ferner Isis, V, 553; VI, 229; und VII, 314), ist jetzt trotz der widrigen Zeitumstnande fertig geworden. Eine ungeheure Arbeit ist dabei von dem Verf. geleistet worden. Der Abschnitt Stereometrie ist von 38 Seiten mit 145 Fussnoten jetzt auf 54 Seiten mit 309 Fussnoten angewachsen. Von grosser Wieitigkeit sind die Verzeichnisse, deren erstes ( Namen und Sehriften ), deren zweites ( Sachliches ) enthllt. Bei jedemn Nameii, z. B. LEIINIZ, finden sich seine Schriften gesondert aufgefiihrt, sodass man genau sucht, was fiber jede einzelne in dem Werk enthalten ist. Man kann Verf. und Verlag zum Absehluss dieses Werkes lbegliickuvii nschen. H. W.

Villiers, Melius de. The numeral-words, their origin, meaning, history and lesson. Capetown, Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth, JUTA E. C?, 1923; also London, H. F. and G. WITHERBY, 12 mo., 124 p. si s

I. Introductory, pp. 13-18; II. The numeral-words in English and in kindred languages, pp. 19-25; III. The persistence of form of numeral- words, pp. 26-34; IV. Gesturelanguage; and the relation in general of hands andl fiiners to numeral words, pp. 35-45; V. The art of reckoning among savages, pp. 46-59; VI. Origin and meaning of the Aryan numeral- words, pp. 60-103; VII. The representation of numeral-words by figures, pp. 104-107; VIII. The use and advantage of numeral words and figures, pp. 108-112; IX. Derivation of other words from the numeral-words, pp. 113-121; X. Conclusion, pp. 122-124.

The author, who was for somne time chief justice of the Orange Free State, does not appear to be familiar with many important publications bearing on the subject which he treats* . . .A.

Wieleitner, Heinrich. Die Geburt der modernen Mathematik. His- torisches und Grundsatzliches. I. Die analytisehe Geometrie. (Wissen und Wirken, Band 12) 61 S. BRAUN, Karlsruhe in Baden, 1924. isis

Excellent little work, very well informed yet reduced to the essential. and clearly written. ( In dieser Schrift wird versucht, aueh dem gebil- deten Laien, der nur noch etwas algebraisch soll rechnen kannen, klar zu machen, wie zu Anfang des 17. Jahrlunderts der eine Grundptfeiler moderner Mathematik, die analytische Geometrie, gschaffen wurde. Ein zweites Bandchen wird der Infinitesimalrechnung gewidmet sein. Im vorliegenden beginnt der Verfasser das Werden der modernen Wissen- schaft iiberhaupt zur Zeit der Renaissance zu schildern und erlautert dann an den einfachsten Beispielen den Begriff der analytischen Geo- metrie, wie wir ihn heute haben. Hierauf werden die Grundlagen bespro- chen, auf denen die Erfindung der analytischen Geometrie beruht, d. i. erstens die griechische Mathematik, insbesondere die Theorie der Kegelselinitte, dann die allmiihlich immer mehr erstarkte algebraische Rechnung. Hierauf wird im einzelnen dargelegt, welehe Verdienste die beiden Erfhider FERaAT und DESCARTES hatten. Ein Ausblick iber die Anwendungen, die die analytisehe Geometrie besonders im 19. Jahr- liundert fand und noch findet, beschliesst das Bindehen. Der Zusanmmen- hang mit DESCARTES' alleemeinen philosophiseheen lideen wird besonders hetont. ), G. S.

Winger, Roy Martin. An introduction to projective geometry. xnII + 443 p. New York, HEATH, 1923. 18ss

Reviewed by J. W. BRADSHAW in the American Mathematical Monthly, vol. '1, 488-491, 1924.

VOL. vnI-4 39



594 MECHANICS. MEDICINE.

20. - MECHANICS.

(Including Celestial Mechanics.)

Ames, Joseph S. Aeronautic research. Journal of the Franklin Institute, January, 1922. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 167-174, 7 fig., 5 plates, 1924. Isis

Bouasse, Henri. Houle, rides. seiches et marees. 1 vol., 540 p., 199 fig. Bibliotheque scientifique de l'ingenieur et du physicien. Paris, DELAGRAVE, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by L. POTIN in Revue generale des sciences, t. 35, 553, 1924.

Dijksterhuis, Eduard Jan. Over de ontwikkeling der valwetten. CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS. Internationaal Mathematisch Tijdschrift., t. 1, Groningen, 1922, pp 238-296, 262-318, 355-379; t. 2, 1923, pp. 88-123. isis

Reviewed by Father H. BOSMANS in Revue des Questions scientifiques, octobre 1924, pp. 7-8.

Edington, A. S. The mathematical theory of relativity. Second edition. Ix + 270 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1924. Isis

First edition 1923, reviewed by PHILIP FRANKLIN in the American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 31, 444-7, 1924.

Rice, James. Relativity, a systematic treatment of Einstein's theory, 389 p. London, LONGMANS, GREEN, 1923, ISIs

Reviewed by JAMES PIERPONT in the American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 31, 395-398, 1924.

Schouten, J. A. Ueber die Entwicklung der Begriffe des Raumes und der Zeit und ihre Beziehungen zum Relativitiitsprinzip. (Wis- sensch. Grundfragen II ) Nach cder 2. hollandischenAu fl. iibers. vom Verf. vI + 39S. 80, 1 Schema. Leipzig, TEUBNER, 1924. IsIS

Hiibsche mathematiklose Einfiihrung in die Relativitatstheorie auf historischer Grundlage von dem Verf. der (( Vektor-und Affinoranalysis ) (Leipzig, 1914). H. W.

Vasiliev, Aleksandr Vasilievich. Space, time, motion : an historical introduction to the general theory of relativity. Translated from the Russian by H. M. LUcAs and C. P. SANGER. With an introduction by BERTRAND RUSSELL, 256 p. London, CHATTO and WINDUS, 1924. IsIs

21. - MEDICINE.

A. - History, Organisation and Philosophy.

Garrod, Archibald E. The debt of science to medicine. The Harveian Oration delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of Lon- don on St. Luke's Day, 1924, 30 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924. IsIS

Laignel-Lavastine, M. Le professeur RAPHAEL BLANCHARD. Bull. soc. franii. hist. med., t. 18, 282-288, 1924. IBSi

MacLaurin, Charles. Post mortem: essays, historical and medical. 255 p., 4 illustrations. New York. DORAN, 1922. Isis

Reviewed by HERMAN T. RADIN in Medical Life, vol. 31, 490-492, 1924.



MEDICINEL. 595

Middleton, William Shainline. A biographic history of physical diagnosis. Annals of medical history, vol. 6. 426-452, 14 fig 1924.

IBIS

Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica. Fasciculus quartus quam curatores miscellaneorum quae vocatur Nederlandsch Tijd- schrift voor Geneeskunde collegerunt et ediderunt. Amstelodami, Sumptibus Societatis, 1922. XII - 362 p., illustr. IBIS

This collection of select medical writings of Dutch authorship began to appear in 1907. This is the fourth volume, but the first that I am privileged to see. I gather from C. A. PEKELHARING'S Dutch introduction that the first volume containede, like this one, a series of smaller books, while the second and third were devoted respectively to PETRUS CAMPER and VESALIUS. The present fine volume contains the following works: AULETIUS, 1603; WAIAEUJS, 1640; REGNERUS DE GRAAF, 1672; N. C. DE FREMIERY, 1793; I. VAN DEEN, 1838-9,. (Full titles and other particulars will be found in the first part of this bibliography). The first four appear in the original Latin and in Dutch; the last one, only in Dutch. This last work (20 p.) and the introduction (5 p.) are the only parts of this volume which can not be read by an international audience of scholars. It is a pity that the society did not think it worth while to translate these few pages (25 out of 374) into Latin (or into English); the additional expense would have been relatively small and the useful- ness of the volume considerably increased. This is our only criticism; the undertaking deserves our warmest praise in every other respect.

G. S. Rosenthal, Carl Oskar. Zur geburtshilflich-gynaekologischen Betati

gung des Mannes bis zum Ausgange des 16. Jahrhunderts Janus, t. 27, 117-148, 1923. Isis

Singer, Charles and Sigerist, Henry E. (editors). Essays on the history of medicine. Presented to KARL SUDHOFF on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, November 26, 1923. vII - 418 p. London, MIirFORD, 1924. IBIS

Seen only a few reprints which are analyzed or mentioned in this 17th Critical Bibliography. G. S.

Whitebread, Charles. The magic, psychic, Ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman medical collections of the division of medicine in the United States National Museum. From the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 65, 44 p., 5 pil, 24 fig., 1924. IsrI

Brief catalogue of the collections of objects illustrating medical history kept in the National Museum. Many figures, some of which - like the imaginary portraits of HIPPOCRATES and GALEN - it would have been wiser to omit. Yet the catalogue will be useful, as an introduction, even as the collection itself. G. S.

B. - Epidemiology; Public health; History of diseases; History of hospitalization.

Balfour, Andrew. Historical aspects of malaria. Nature, 115, 17-20, 1925. Isis

Bugiel, V. Les hopitaux de Cracovie de 1220 a 1920. Bull. soc. franc. hist ted., t. 18, 211-224, 1924. Isis

Ebstein, Erich. Historical notes on vegetarianism. Medical Life, vol. 31, 469-472, 1924. Isis



596 MORA.LS. PHARMACY. PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.

Majendie (Rev), Severne. The ancient hospital of St. Katherine. [London], 35 p. London, MOWBRAY, 1924. I1sS

Medical Life, vol. 32, No. 2, p. 33-70. February 1925. Goiter number. ISRAEL BRAM: Historical data on exophthalmic goiter. O P. KIM- BALL: The progress of goiter prevention. J. F. GUDERNATSCH:

History of iodine therapy. OTTO RAUBENHEIMRR: The discovery of iodine. VICTOR RoBINSON: Goiter chronology. Isis

Very interesting number with a portrait of CARL ADOLPH BASEDOW, who wrote the monograph on exopllthalmic goiter (BASEDOW'S disease) in 1840. The original account of exophthallic goiter, however, was given by CALE HILLIER PARRY as early as 1786 (published in 1825). ROBIN- SON'S chronology is very valuable. G. S.

22 -MORALS.

(Moral Organization of Society).

Jacks, Lawrence Pearsall. The challenge of life Three lectures (Hibbert Lectures of 1924), 112 p. London, HODDER and STOUGH- TON, 1924. ISIs

Pound, Roscoe. Law and morals. The McNair lectures, 1923, delivered at the University of North Carolina. vi +- 156 p Chapel-Hill, N. C., University of North Carolina Press, 1924.

Isis

Sarton, George. Transparency. Scribner's Magazine, New York, March 1925, 308-313. ssIB

23. - PHARMACY and PHARMACOLOGY. Benedicenti, Alberico. Malati, medici e farmacisti. Storia dei

rimedi attraverso i secoli e delle teorie che ne spiegano l'azione sull' organismo. 2 vols. xx + 1610 p. Mii.no, HOEPLI, 1924-1925.

I8I8

Ferchl, Fritz. Illustrierter Apotheker-Kalender 1925. Verlag Siid- deutsche Apotheker-Zeitun-g Stuttgart. Isis

Very handsome loose leaf calendar printed on beautiful paper and containing a number of illustratitons and notes of historical interest. Such calendar ought to be found in every officine. It would afford the pharmacist or druggist an easy means of correcting his historical per- spective and completing his education. G. S.

24. - PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.

Carnap, Rudolf. Der Raum. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre. [Kantstudien Nr 56.] 87 S. Berlin, REUTHER und REICHARD, [jetzt Pan Verlag, ROLF HEISE, Berlin-Charlottenburg 2], 1922. IsIs

Der Verf. ist auch mathematisch sehr gut gebildet. Ausgezeichnete Arbeit. Grosses Literaturverzeichnis. II. W.

Dide, Maurice et Juppont, P. La metaphysique scientifique. 184 p. in-12. Paris, Ff.,IX ALCAN, 1924. iss

Les a.uteurs dce ce livre pretendent arriver, en soumettant AL la critique les r6sultats de nos acquisitions cn mecanique, physique, chimie, biologie, i une ( m6etalphysique scientifique, grace i son symbolisme contrtlable, asymptotique 't l'absolu )), et qui ( reprisente l'evolution univerlselle ). II est impossible de les suivre dans une courte analyse, en raison du fait qu'ills attriuent a un grand nombre de mots courants un sens different du sens lhabitucl, non contents de fabriquer des neologismles. L. G.



PHYSICS. 597

Hoernle, R. F. Alfred. Idealism as a philosophical doctrine. (Library of philosophy and religion.) 189 p. London, HODDER and STOU- GIITON, 1924. IsIS

Rougier, Louis. La mentalite scolastique. Revue philosophique 1924, n? 3 et 4, p. 208-233.

Dans cet interessant article, M. ROUGIER cherche a ononcer quels sent les postulats caches dans la structure mentale dies philosophes et savants scolastiques, postulats qui faisaient partie integrante autrefois du sens commun, et que nous n'admettons plus aujourd'hui; une fois degages, ils eclairent d'une vive lueur et rendent intelligibles la philosophie et la science du moyen age, qui paraissent si etranges aux esprits actuels.

H. M.

25. - PHYSICS.

Auerbach, Felix. Die Methoden der theoretischen Physik. x 4- 436 S. 80, 150 Fig. Leipzig, Akadem. Verlagsges., 1925. Isis

Ein sehr schones, verhailtnismsissig elementares, die Sache von Grund aus behlandelndes Werk des fruclitbaren Schriftstellers, eines wirklichen Physikers, wahirend :iltere (von RIEMrANsN-WEBER) und neuere (von Cou- E2ANT-HILBERT) Werke dieser Art von Mathematikern starmmen. Aus dem Gottinger Kreise soil ja auch das Wort stammen. ( Ach, die Physik! Die ist ja fiir die Physiker viel zu schwer! o An dem Auer- bachschen Buch werden aile Freude haben, die die Mathematik nur als Dienerin, nicht als Herrin der Physik betrachten. H. W.

Carslaw, Horatio Scott. Introduction to the mathematical theory of the conduction of heat in solids. Second edition, completely revised. xii + 268 p. London, MAC.MILLAN. 1921.

Reviewed by EINAR HILLE in the American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 31, 447-449, 1924.

Marconi, Guglielmo Radio commlunicationls. From the inaugural addresss to the Royal Society of Arts delivered on December 11. Nature, 114, 939-940, 1924. Isis

a I am now firmly convinced that the beam stations employing only a small fraction of this power and much lower and fewer masts will be able to communicate at practically any time with any part of the Empire, and I cannot refrain from expressing my strong personal opinion that these powerful long-wave stations will soon be found to he uneeonomical and comparatively inefficient in so far as long-distance commnercial communications are concerned. )

Turpain, Albert. Le nouveau domnaine de l'electricite. l'evolution des theories electriques. x + 72 p. Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1924

s1IB

Weyl, iermann Was ist Materie ? Zwei Aufsatze zur Naturpllil osophie [aus der Zeitschr. Die Naturwissenschaften, 12 Jahrg. 1924] 88 S., 8 Fig. Berlin. JULIUS SPRINGER, 1924. s1is

Sitchit den neuesten Stand der physikalischen Forschung unter Heran- ziehung der Geschichte der Philosophie phlilosophisch zu deuten. Sagt selbst, dass man sich auf weitere Wandlungen gefasst machen miisse. Fur weitere Kreise als des Verf. grosses, weltbekanntes Werk (( Raum, Zeit, Materie ) bestimmt. H. W.



598 PHYSIOLOGY.

26. - PHYSIOLOGY.

Baglioni. Silvestro. La fisiologia. Guide bibliografiche. 54 p. Roma, Fondazione Leonardo, 1923. 1sis

Bibliography of Italian works relative to physiology, very well arranged. I have already had to mention many other numbers of the same excellent collection (see e. g. Isis, VII, 274). G. S.

Bayliss, Sir William Maddock (1860-1924). Principles of general physiology. Fourth edition with 261 illustrations. xxxmi + 882 p. London, LONGMANS, GREEN and C?, 1924. iSIs

Previous editions of this great work, which we are beginning to consider as a classic, have already beenl mentioned in Isis. This fourth edition has been revised in detail by a group of friends and fellow workers. Unfortunately Sir WILLIA.M died just before its publication. A beautiful portrait of him in his workshop, serves as frontispiece. This work is precious to the philosopher because of its synthetic nature and of its clear and forceful !presentation of all that is essential; it is equally dear to the historian because of the many brief but pointed references to the past and of the many portraits and other historical documents which it contains. G. S.

Beer, 0. R. de. Growth. vi +- 120 p., 8 pl. London, ARNOLD, 1924. Isi's

Reviewed by T. S. P. S. in Nature, 114, 709-10, 1924.

Oley, Eugene. Trait6 6elmentaire de physiologie. 2 vol. 1200 p. Paris, J. B. BAILLIERE, 1924. ISIM

[Helmholtz]. Treatise on physiological optics. Translated from the third German edition. Edited by JAMES P. C. SOUTHALL. Vol. 1. xxII - 482 p. Published by the Optical Society of America, 1924.

Reviewed by W. PEDDIE in Nature, 114, 887-889, 1924.

Lipschutz, Alexander. The internal secretions of the sex glands : the problem of the " Puberty Gland. , With a preface by F. H. A. MARSHALL. xvIi +- 513 p. Cambridge, W. HEFFER, 1924. isis

Reviewed by F. A. E. CREW in Nature, 114, 779-780, 1924.

Loeper, M. Histoire de la secretion gastrique. 120 p , 25 fig.. MASSON et Cie, Paris, 1924. [10 fr.] rsis

L'auteur, a qui sont dus de nombreux travaux de pathologie digestive, a voulu sans doute donner un couronncement a son oeuvre clinique en 6erivant cette histoire de nos connaissances sur le sue gastrique, ou il nous montre par quelles 6tapes l'ildee complexe que nous nous faisons de la digestion gastrique s'est substituee h la coction et au brassage, a la putrefaction, a la fermertation des aliments, et s'est finalement imipos6e sous sa forme actuelle. I1 partage cette histoire en six grandes p6riodes: periode galenique, qui va jusqu'. PARACELSE; p6riode chimique, qui englobe PARACELSE, SYLVIUS DELEBOE et surtout VAN HELMONT; plriode mnecanique, ofi triomphent DESCARTES, les Anglais, les Italiens; p6riode de l'acidit6, eclairee par SPALLANZANI et REAUNMUR; periode de la chlor- hydrie et des fistules humiaines, que marquent les belles recherc'hes de W. BEAUMONT; periode de la pepsine et des fistules explerimentales, qu'illustrent TH. SCHWANN, NICOLAS BLONDLOT, MORITZ SCHIFF, CLAUDE BERNARD et J. P. PAVLOV. Chacune de ces periodes fait l'objet d'un chapitre dont l'importance va en croissant au fur et k mesure qu'on se rapproche de la periode actuelle. Mais l'historien n'a pias oublil qu'il est un clinicien et un th6rapeute, et il a intercale, entre sa cinquieme



PHYSIOLOGY. PREHISTORY. 599

et sa sixieme periode, un chapitre sur la diethtique au xvule siecle, oi il montre que JEAN SENEBIER, le traducteur de SPALLANZANI, fut le pre- curseur de l'opotherapie digestive, conseillant l'usage de la bile et du sue gastrique vivant. L'ouvrage est orne de 18 portraits. L. G.

Parisot, Jacques et Richard, Gabrlel. Les glandes endocrines et leur valeur fonctionnelle. 248 p. in-8?, GASTON DOIN, Paris, 1924. isis

Cette mise au point d'un sujet brfilant d'actuailte, et qui est souvent un redressement de notions generalement admises (vagotonie et sympathi- cotonie, subordination etroite de certains groupes glandulaires a 'un ou a l'autre des appareils nerveux organo-vegetatifs), est le resuiltat de recherches poursuivies pendant de nombreuses annees en vue d'evaluer, au point de vue clinique, l'6tat fonotionnel des divers organes endocri- niens. Pour parvenir a cette evaluation, les auteurs ont du reprendre en serie, chez l'homme, tous les tests indiques pour les differentes glandes, et chercher de nouvelles methodes d'exploration, dont ils ont fixe clini- quenlent et experimentalement la valeur et la portee. Une premiere partic (50 p.), consac?ree aux bases physio-pathologiques des raethodes de recherche, rappelle les notions indispensables d'embryologie, d'anatomo- physiologie normale et de physiologie pathologique de l'appareil neuro- glandulaire. Sont ensuite traitees, en 64 pages, les methodes de recherche: procedes d'investigation permettant de fixer pour chaque glande la technique de recherche. La troisieme partie, la plus importante, est consacree a l'application de ces methodes de recherche a chacune des glandes ou des complexes pluriglandulaires. Un dernier chapitre, de conclusion, donne la methode gienerale a suivre pour l'examen clinique de la valeur fonctionnelle des glandes endocrines. L. G.

Taylor, Clara M. The discovery of the nature of the air and of its changes during breathing. (Classics of scientific method) 84 p., 8 illustr. London. BELL, 1923. Isis

This excellent booklet is the second of the collection of which I spoke at some length (Isis, V, 194-6) when the first part appeared, namely, C. SINGER'S Discovery of the circulation of the blood, 1922. This collection will prove so useful to those teaching the history of science that I hope the subsequent parts will follow each other more promptly. Miss TAYLOR (Headmistress of the Northampton School for Girls) intro- duces the subject in a dramatic way by contrasting the views of breathing stated by FABRICIUS ab Aquapendente in 1603 and LAVOISIER in 1790, using their ipsissima verba,. These views are fundamentally opposed to each other. The author's purpose is to explain the gradual evolution and the final revolution which occurred between 1603 and 1790. She speaks successively of WILLIA M HARVEY, J.-B. VAN HELMONT, ROBERT BOYLE, RICHARD LOWER, JOHN MAYOW, STEPHEN HALES, GEORG ERNST STAHL, JOSEPH BLACK, JOSEPH PRIESTLEY and A. L. LAVOISIER. Her exposition is very clear and well illustrated. G. S.

27. - PREHISTORY.

MacCurdy, George Grant. Human origins, a manual of prehistory. Vol. 1. The Old Stone Age and the dawn of man and his arts. xxxvIII + 440 p. Vol. 2. The New Stone Age and the Ages of Bronze and Iron. xvi + 516 p. New York, APPLETON, 1924 SIs

Reviewed by E. A. HOOTON in Science, 60, 526-527, 1924.

MacCurdy, George Grant. What is an eolith? Natural History, 24, 656-658, 1924. ISIs



600 PREHISTORY. PSYCHOLOGY.

Examen rapide, sans conclusion, du probleme toujours en discussion des 6olithes. L. G.

Matthew, Christine D. Fossil man from a new viewpoint Natural History, 24, 697-703, 1924. Isis

A review of HUGO OBERMAIER'S (( Fossil Man in Spain ), with 1 pl. and 9 fig. reproduced from that volume. L. G.

Moir, J. Reid. Tertiary man in England. Natural History, 24, 637- 655, 1924. isis

Note, avec diagraatmes, dessins, photographies, consacree par 1'auteur meCme de la d6couverte, aux silex tertiaires d'Ipswich et a la faune qui les accompagnait (Isis, V, 562; VI, 239). L. G.

Morgan, Jacques de. Prehistoric man: a general outline of prehis tory. (The history of civilization series.) xxii +- 304 p. Lon- don, KEGAN PAUL, 1924. IRss

Perrier, Edmond. The earth before history :man's origin and the origin of life. (The history of civilization series). xxiv + 345 p. London, KEGAN PAUL, 1924 isis

French *original edition 1920, see Isis, IV, 195.

Randall-MacIver, David. Villanovans and early Etruscans: a study of the Early Iron Age in Italy as it is seen near Bologna, in Etru- ria, and in Latium. xv + 270 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924.

8ISi

Zammit, T., and Singer, Charles. Neolithic representations of the human form from the Islands of Malta and Gozo. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 64, 67-100, pl. V-XX, Lon don, 1924. isis

( There is perhaps no part of the earth's surface where, in an equal area, so many megalithic monuments have, been revealed as in the Mal- tese Islands. The remains were remarked as early as the seventeenth century (,by G. F. A;ELA, 1647) and have beenl visited and pictured by more than one artist, but it was only with the accurate work of General DE LA MARLMORA in 1832 that there was tany advance in the knowledge of the plan of these lbuildings. Since that date contributions to the subject have been made by VANCE 1842, GEHIAIRD 1848, VASSALLO 1853, FURSE 1868, CAIIUANA 1882-96, MAGI 1906, MAYR 1901 and 1909, ASIBY, PEET, BRADLEY and TAGLIAFERRO 1908-11, and ZAJM3IT 1904-23. Furthermore, to the neolithic sanctuaries have now been added a series of dlolmens and cave dwellings which prolbably belonged to the same period and were used by the same people. It is witl objects found in the sanctuaries alone that we are here concerned. )

The paper is devoted exclusively to the representations of human form which are of great interest because the Neolithic peoples of W. Europe made no such representations save at Malta. This exception may be due to the fact that Malta came just within tlhe slphere of Minoan influence. All figures are chara.cterized by extreme adiposity, but they are not truly steatopygous. Both sexes; are similarly treated. 64 individual figures are illustratedn and described. C. S.

28. - PSYCHOLOGY.

Thurstone, Louis Leon. The nature of intelligence. (International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method.) xvi -- 167 p London. KEGAN PAUL, 1924. isIS




RELIGION. SCIENCE. 601

Watson, John Broadus. Psychology : from the standpoint of a beha- viorist. Second edition, revised. xi + 4 9 p. Philadelphia, LIPPINCOTT, 1924. Isis

29. - RELIGION, HISTORY OF RELIGION RELIGION AND SCIENCE.

Butler (Dom), Cuthbert. Benedictine monachism: studies in Bene- dictine life and rule. Second edition, with supplementary notes. x + 424 p. London, LONGMANS. GREEN, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by ALFRED H. SWEET in the American Historical Review, vol. 30, 341-343, January 1925. First edition 1919..

Carlyle, Alexander James. The Christian church and liberty, 159 p. Lonnon, J. CLARKE, 1924. ISIB

Coulter, John Merle, and Merle, C. Where evolution and religion meet v + 105 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1924. ISIS

Delehaye, Hippolyte. Les saints stylites. Bruxelles, Societe des Bol- landistes, 1924. Isis

Haldane, J. S. Biology and religion. From a paper read at the Con- ference of Modern Churchmen, at Oxford. on August 28, 1924. Nature, 114, 468-471, 1924. Isis

Hasluck, Frederick William. Athos and its monasteries. London, KEGAN PAUIL, 1924. 18sI

Oldham, Joseph Houldsworth. Christianity and the race problem. xx + 280 p New York, DORAN, 1924. ISIS

Peers, Edgar Allison. Spanish mysticism: a preliminary survey. London, METHUEN, 1924. ISIS

Stead, Francis Herbert. The story of social Christianity. 2 vol. vol. 1, 268 p.; vol. 2, 262 p. London, J. CLARKE, 1924. Isis

Waterman, T. T. The Shake religion of Puget Sound. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1922, 499-507, 2 plates, 1924. ISIB

Invented in 1881 or 1882 by an Indi'an, c( our poor brother, JOHN SLOCUM )). A combination of Shamanism, Roman Catholicism and Evan- gelical Protestantism. G. S.

30. - SCIENCE.

B. - HIistory.

Congress of the History of Science, Vth International. Janus, t. 27, 149-153, 1923. 1B1S

Brief account of proceedings by C. J. S. T. - I do not know how this can be the Vth international congress. G. S.

Lorla, Gino. Pagine di storia della scienza. 151 p. Torino, G. B. PARA- VIA. 1925. ISIs

GINO LORIA, whose important works and numerous studies on the history of mathematics have been often reviewed or mentioned in Isis, has written this little history of science for use in Italian secondary schools. It is, of course, a very brief summary and the author has the right to leave out everything which is not essential. Yet what must



602 SCIENCE.

one think of a history of science, however brief, however elementary, wherein the following men (among others), are not even named: VESA- LIUS, HARVEY, HALES, HALLER, WERNER, HUTTON, HERcSCHEEL, QUETELET, DALTON, DAVY, OERSTED, AM[PtRE, ARAGO, SADI CARNOT, MAYER, JOULE,

HELMHOLTZ, FARADAY, MENDEL? G. S.

Mikami, Yoshio. Bankoku kagakushi gakkai soritsu no keikaku. (Organization of the international History of Science Society). Kwagaku Tisiki (Scientific knowledge), vol. 4, 43. Tokyo, Dec. 1924. ISIS

Interesting article (in Japanese) giving information on Isis and on the History of Science Society, and explaining the aim pursued, namely the study of the history of science as a whole. It gives a brief account of the contents of the first five volumes of Isis, and also of the work being done in Japan. Thus far no lectureship on the history of science (or of any particular branch) has been established in any Japanese university (see however Isis, VII, 108). Let us hope that this unfor- tunate gap will soon be filled. The author of this article was well qualified to write it, for he is the foremost student of Japanese mathematics and one of the earliest friends of Isis. He has watched our efforts from the beginning and extended his very valuable collaboration to the extent that his other occupations and his failing health permitted. Our readers will remember his important study on the Japanese theory of determinants which it was our privilege to publish in vol. II, 9-36, 1914. Reviews of various Japanese publications were also contributed by him (vol. IV, 70-81) and we hope to be able to publish many more in the near future. The History of Science Society and Isis express their gratefulness to Professor MIKAMI for his precious collaboration and his generous appeal to the Japanese scholars. Judging by the many diagrams and illustrations, the KwagaklT-Tisiki is a very interesting journal devoted to the diffusion of scientific knowledge and of the scientific spirit. May it prosper! G. S.

Sarton, George. Annual report to the Carnegie Institution. Carnegie Institution Year Book No. 23, 1924, 283-4. IsIB

This sixth report covers the period extending from Sept. 1, 1923, to June 30, 1924. Brief and uninteresting report divided as follows: 1. Introduction to the History and Philosophy of Science; 2. Publication of Isis; 3. History of Science Society; 4. New Humanism; 5. Lectures.

G. S.

C. - Organization.

Basso, L. Le probleme de la vulgarisation scientifique. Revue philosophique, 192 . No. 1 et 2, p. 104-139. No. 3 et 4, p. 268-305. Isis

M. BASSO a, aborde la un probleme d'une tres grande importance sociale, ndglige jusqu'a present par la plupart des philosophes, des savants, meme des vulgarisateurs. Il s'est propose de rechercher a quel besoin de l'lite cultivee ou de la foule s'adresse celui qui veut mettre a a la portee du plus grand nomibre ) les resultats d'une science dont la methode, la technique et le lungage ne peuvent etre appris rapidementh le grand public desire t-re renseigne sur les applications industrielles et pratiques de la science, ce qui semble absolument legitime; mais aussi, il aspire a entrevoir ou a connaitre les resultats theoriques de la science, bien qu'il soit incapable de les comprendre sans les dformer; il cherchera toujours a p6netrer tant soit peu dans le domaine des hautes speculations qui, d'apres AUGUSTE COrIE, devrait etre ferme a la vulgarisation. a( Il semble done que l'on doive envisager le probleme dans toute sa com- plexite et se preoccuper pratiquement et activement d'une fonction qui



SCIENCE. 603

ne peut plus etre abandonnee i la simple fantaisie, ni mmme a des bonnes volontes par trop incompetentes. ) H. M.

Harris, Franklin Stewart. and Butt, Newbern I. Scientific research and human welfare. ix -+- 406 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1924.

ISIS

Slosson, Edwin E. (editor). Keeping up with science : notes on recent progress in the various sciences for unscientific readers. xv + 355 p., 30 pl. London, JONATHAN CAPE, 1924. Isis

D. - Philosophy.

Collingwood, Robin George. Speculum mentis, or the map of knowledge. 327 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1924.

Reviewed by F. S. MARVIN in Nature, 115, 79, 1925.

Dingier. Hugo. Die Grundgedanken der Machschen Philosophic mit Erstver6ffentlichungen aus seinen wissenschaftlichen Tagebii- chern. Mit einem Bildnis. 106 p. Leipzig, JOHANN AMBROSIUS BARTH, 1924. Isrs

This little book of Professor DINGLER'S forms a compact and orderly presentation of the underlying principles of MACH'S philosophy. In five short chapters it discusses the influence of external conditions upon the development of MACH'S thought; MACH'S general attitude towards his problems; his relation to the a priori; his sensationalism and empiri- cism; and, finally, his views on Relativity. Perhaps the most important contribution to our understanding of MACH'S philosophy of science is made by DINGLER in this last chapter. Here the author reveals in detail the precise nature of MACH'S objections to the Relativity Theory. ( Er ist sich bewust )) - says DIN(iLER, p. 81 - ( mit welcher Sorgfalt und Vorsicht... er die Resultate seiner induktiven... Forschung... immer aus- gesprochen hat, und muss es daher direkt als tragisch empfinden, dass er hier zum Bahnbrecher einer Theorie gemacht werden soll, die in seinem Sinne vollig dogmatisch ist, d. h. ohne hinreichende Prtifung ihrer Grund- lagen. )

The value of this book is greatly enhanced by the addition of sixteen pages of excerpts from MACH'S diaries, dating from May, 1880, to April, 1882. These diaries form an excellent introduction not so much to the philosophy of MACH'S thought as to the psychology of his ways of thinking. See also Isis, VII, 339. H. M. S.

Joseph, H. W. B. The concept of evolution. The Herbert Spencer lecture delivered at Oxford, 27 November, 1924. 32 p1. Oxford University Press, American Branch, New York, 1'24. I8 s

( We shall not fully understand organic life without first attending to the life of mind. By all means investigate the range of processes in the living body that conform to the schemes of chemistry and physics; but if you think there is nothing else, do not speak of evolution. Say, rather, the modification of species through descent, and be content to stop at that. Above all, if you think there is nothing else, do not hope to bring within your biological scheme any intelligent activity. For what this is we know better than we know what goes on in an organism; the mind is really more intelligible to itself than a system of bodies in motion is to it, however intelligible also numerical spatial relations may be; and the nature of mind does not conform to that of a system of bodies in motion, in whose ever-shifting phases there is no place for the distinction of more and less evolved, or higher and lower, nor yet for that of true and false. )



604 SOCIOLOGY. SUPERSTITION. TECHNOLOGY.

Meyerson, Emile. La tendance apriorique et 1'exp6rience, Revue philosophique. 1924, n0? 3 et 4, p 161-180 1sis

Ces pages forment le XXIP cehapitre d'un ouvrage intitule La Deduc- tion relatiriste, parn chez PAYOT, analyse dans Isis, VII, 517-20.

HfiLANE METZGER.

31. - SOCIOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE and POSITIVE POLITY.

Boeckel, Richard. Labour's money. With a preface by Viscount MILNER. London, MARTIN HOPKINSON, 1924. isis

Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan. The growth of the law. 145 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1924. s8is

Holdsworth, William Searle A history of English Law. 6 vol. (vol. 1-3, third ed. rewritten). London, METHUEN, 1922-1924.

ISIS Shotwell, James T. Plans and protocols to end war. Historical

outline and guide. (International Conciliation, No. 208). 38 p. New York City, March 1925. 1sis

Terse outline of the whole question with select bibliography . The best introduction to the subject I have read thus far. G. S.

33. - SUPERSTITION and OCCULTISM.

Banning, Pierson Worrall. Maker, man and matter. (Thread of life series, 1.) 248 p. Los Angeles, California, International Book Concern, 1924. Isis

Reviewed by DAVID STARR JORDAN in Science, t. 61, 68, 1925.

Ferguson, lan. The philosophy of witchcraft. London. HARRAP, 1924. II8s

Stromer-Reichenbach, Friedrich von. Deutschlands nachste poli- tische Zukunft. Berechnet auf Grund der Historionomie. 31 p. Deutsche, verzaget nicht! Eine geschichtsphilosophische Pro- phezeiung zum Weltkrieg. Unverianderter Abdruck der Ausgabe vom HIerbst 1914 mit neuhinzugefiigten Anhang, Historionomie und Folgen des Weltkriegs. 29 p. Konstanz a. B., Historionom- ischer Verlag, 1924. isis

The author has collected somle 60.000 historical dates of all peoples and times, and has selected some 22.350 of them whereupon to build a new historical method (( historionomy ,). lie believes that the past historical periodicities enable him to, predict the future. Thus the next Franco-German war is scheduled to happen in 1933/6 and the German will reconquer Alsace-LorraiIne. An imperial (Hoheenzollern) restoration will take place in Germlany e. 1941/2 (not later than 1944!), etc. It would be interesting to study the periodicity of the return of such fan- ciful theories. G. S.

34. TECHNOLOGY.

(For mining, see Geology; for industrial chemistry, Chemistry, See also Arts and Crafts.)

Crawford, Morris De Camp. The heritage of cotton. 224 p., pl. New York, G. P. PUTNAM, 1924. I81s



TECHNOLdGY. 605

Hodgson, J. E. The history of aeronautics in Great Britain from the earliest times to the latter half of the nineteenth century. Oxford University Press, 1924. 4to. xxII + 436 p , 86 plates. Is8s

This sumptuous volume with 150 illustrations from contemporary sources is a very valuable work covering the period indicated by the title in a thorough manner. The Chronology (pp. 373-378) commences with the legend of Bladud, the flying King of Britain (850 B. C.), OLIVER OF MALMESBURY'S attempt to fly (1040 A. D.), and ROGER BACON'S speculations on flight (1250), and is continued to the twentieth century when the dates of death of certain Britons prominent in aeronautics are noted. The narrative is also chronological and considerable attention has been given to the lives and characters of the pioneers of ballooning and flight. An excellent selective Bibliography occupies pp. 387-415. P. BROCKETT'S great Bibliography of Aeronautics (to 1909, 940 p.) published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1910, will be recalled. See also a longer review of same work, Isis VII, 521'28. . RC. A.

Morison, Stanley. Four centuries of fine printing. Upwards of six hundred examples of the work of presses established during the years 1500 to 1914. With an introductory text and indexes. xxix + 243 p., 48 X 34 cm. London, ERNEST BENN, 1924. 18is

Naumburg, Robert !. The development of the spinning frame; its history, present status, and future possibilities. Mechanical Engineering, November, 1924, 825-840, 51 fig. I1is

(( The facts upon which this paper is based have been taken from Paten.t Office records, except in a few cases, where the inventors did not apply for patents. It presents a chronological record of the development of the spinning frame from the earliest periods of history to the ipresent. The significance and value of each invention are clearly shown in relation to the general growth of the art, and a solid introduction to future development is thus presented. The paper is intended for textile engineers and mill men, and presupposes a general fami- liarity uwitl textile machinery. The subject-matter is carefully divided in its treatment of the component devices of spinning machinery such as drawingl rolls, fliers, caps, rings and travelers, builder motions, separators, thread guires, weighting devices, clearers and scavenger rolls, and spindles. )

Naumburg, Robert E. Patent engineering - a coming profession. Tech engineering news, January, 1925. Is[s

Turpain, Albert. L'air liquide, le froid industriel et son utilisation. x + 59 p. Paris, GAUTHItER-VYLLARS, 1024. I9si

Turpain, Albert. De la presse a bras a la linotype et a l'electrotypo- graphe. x + 97 p. Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1924. ISIS

Turpain, Albert. L'6clairage et le chauffage electrique, la naissance d'une lampe a incandescence. x 4- 64 p. Paris, (GAUTHIER-VIILLARS, 1924. Isis

Turpain, Albert. Le cinlinatographe, histoire de son invention. son developpement, son avenir. xii + 83 p. Paris, GAUTHIER-ViLLARS, 1924. Isis

Washington.National Museum of Engineering and industry. To be under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 24 pages. Engineering Societies Building, New York City, 1924. 1s18



606 ZOOLOGY.

( To establish and maintain a permanent organization and home for commemorating the achievements and perpetuating the records of engineering and industrial progress. ) Further development of the scheme explained in Isis, VI, 539-542, with a sketch of the building to be erected in Washington, at an estimated cost of $ 4,500,000( and a list of charter members. G. S.

35. - ZOOLOGY.

Berry, S. Stillman. Observations of a Montana beaver canal. Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 4, May, 1923, Report of Smithsonian Institu- tion for 1922, 297-308, 1 fig., 6 plates, 1924. IsIS

Dewar, John M. The bird as a diver : a contribution to the natural history of diving birds. xII + 173 p. London, WITHERBY, 1924.

ISIS

Reviewed by J. S. HUXLEY in lNature, 114, 494, 1924.

Espinas, Alfred. Des societes animales. (Bibliotheque de philosophie contemporaine.) 3e edition. 445 p. Paris. FELIX ALCAN, 1924. Isis

First ed. 1877; 2nd ed. 1878; German translation, Braunschweig, VIEWEG, 1879.

(rinnell, Joseph and Storer, Tracy Irwin. Animal life in the Yose- mite : an account of the mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians in a cross-section of the Sierra Nevada. xviIn - 752 p.. 62 pl. Berkeley, Cal.. University of California Press, 1924. Isis

Hickson, Sydney John. An introduction to the study of recent corals xiv + 257 p. Manchester, University Press, 1924. Isis

Plate, Ludwig. Allgemeine Zoologie und Abstammungslehre Zweiter Teil : Die Sinnesorgane der Tiere. Ix + 806 p. Jena, GUSTAV FISCHER, 1924. ISIS

Reviewed by J. GRAIIA-I KEBRR iln Natture, 114, 602-3, 1924.

Vaysslire, Paul. Le probleme acridien et sa solution internationale. Materiaux pour 1'etude des calamites. n0 2. 1924, 122-158. (Societe de geographie de Geneve.) ISI8

Reviewed by A. D. IMMS in _aTture, vol. 115, 31, 1925.



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seventeenth critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of...

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