settlement, migration, colonization why here?
TRANSCRIPT
Settlement, Migration, Colonization
Why here?
Kingdom of Axum [300-700]
Berbers
GOLDGOLD
SALTSALT
Gold-Salt Trade
Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast
Ghana Empire [4c-11c]
Salt
Mali Empire [13c-15c]
GOLDGOLD
SALTSALT
Why here?
Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”
Marketplace near the Niger River
Songhai Empire [15c-16c]
GOLDGOLD
SALTSALT
Benin Empire [15c-19c]
Bronze Heads from Benin (16c)
Benin Bronze Leopard
Bantu
Migrations:
1000 BCE
To
500 CE
Islamic
Invasions
African Trade [15c-17c]
IndustrialRevolution
Source forRawMaterials
Markets forFinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalism
MissionaryActivity
Military& NavalBases
EuropeanMotivesFor Colonization
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
HumanitarianReasons
EuropeanRacism
“WhiteMan’sBurden”
SocialDarwinism
European Explorers in Africa
19c Europeans Map the Interior of Africa
The “White Man’s Burden”?
Dealing with animism
http://www.gosocialstudiesgo.com/african-animism#!__african-animism
belief that nature has soul: the belief that things in nature, e.g. trees, mountains, and the sky, have souls or consciousness
King Leopold II: The Belgian Congo (r. 1865 – 1909)
Harvesting Rubber
5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official
Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
Another point of view?
Africa
1890
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
How to control the colonies? Used rival tribe to help control regions
Separate traditional tribes and cultures
Lock economies into “one commodity” systems i.e.. cash crops and raw materials
Africa
in
1914