session 7 risk and return & portofolio

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Page 1: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio
Page 2: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

• Investor’s view of risk

–Risk Averse–Risk Neutral–Risk Seeking

Page 3: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

• Hukum dasar dalam Investasi :

“Semakin tinggi tingkat keuntungan investasi, maka risikonya semakin tinggi”

Page 4: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Kondisi Yang Tidak Pasti (Probabilistik)

Keputusan Investasi

Keputusan Dividen(Dividen Policy)

Keputusan Pendanaan(Financing Decision)

Keputusan Investasi(Investement Decision)

Page 5: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

MENGUKUR RISIKO & RETURN

EXPECTED RETURNUKURAN RETURN :

?DEVIASI STANDARUKURAN RISIKO :

Page 6: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Dominance Principle

1

2 3

4

Expected Return

Risk

• 2 dominates 1; has a higher return• 2 dominates 3; has a lower risk• 4 dominates 3; has a higher return

Page 7: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Risk and Rates of ReturnRisk and Rates of Return

• Expected Return CalculationExampleExampleYou are evaluating ASII’s common stock. You estimate the following returns given different states of the economy

State of Economy Probability Return

Economic Downturn .10 –5%Zero Growth .20 5%Moderate Growth .40 10%High Growth .30 20%

Page 8: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Expected Return Calculation

State of Economy Probability Return

Economic Downturn .10 –5%Zero Growth .20 5%Moderate Growth .40 10%High Growth .30 20%

xxxx

E(r) = ?

Page 9: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Expected Return Calculation

State of Economy Probability Return

Economic Downturn .10 –5%Zero Growth .20 5%Moderate Growth .40 10%High Growth .30 20%

= –0.5%= 1%= 4%= 6%

E(r) =10.5%

xxxx

ExampleExampleYou are evaluating ASII’s common stock. You estimate the following returns given different states of the economy

Expected (or average) rate of return on stock is 10.5%

Expected (or average) rate of return on stock is 10.5%

Page 10: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Measuring RiskMeasuring Risk

ExampleExampleCompute the standard deviation on ASII common stock. the mean E (r) was previously computed as 10.5%

State of Economy Probability Return

Economic Downturn .10 –5%Zero Growth .20 5%Moderate Growth .40 10%High Growth .30 20%

Risk (σ) = ?

Page 11: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Risk and Rates of ReturnRisk and Rates of Return

State of Economy Probability Return

Economic Downturn .10 –5%Zero Growth .20 5%Moderate Growth .40 10%High Growth .30 20%

xxxx

((((

– 10.5%)2 = 24.025%– 10.5%)2 = 6.05%– 10.5%)2 = 0.10%– 10.5%)2 = 27.075%

2 = 57.25% = 57.25% = 7.57%

Higher standard deviation, higher riskHigher standard deviation, higher risk

• Measuring Risk– Standard Deviation () measure the

dispersion of returns.

Page 12: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Relative DispersionCoefficient of Variation

• CV expresses how much dispersion exists relative to the mean of a distribution and allows for direct comparison of dispersion across different data sets.

CV = E (r)

Page 13: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Coefficient of Variation

• Investment A has an E (r ) of 7% and a of .05• Investment B has an E (r ) of 12% and a of .07• Which is riskier?

A’s CV is .05/.07 = .714

B’s CV is .07/.12 = .583

A has .714 units of risk for each unit of return while B has .583 units of risk for each unit of return. A is riskier, it has more risk per unit of return.

CV = ?

Page 14: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Risiko Sistematis dan Tidak Sistematis

• Unsystematic Risk (Risiko Tidak Sistematis) Risiko yang dapat dihilangkan melalui diversifikasi

Misal : pemogokkan buruh, perubahan manajemen, inovasi, kebakaran, dan sebagainya

• Systematic Risk (Risiko Sistematis) Risiko yang tidak dapat dihilangkan melalui diversifikasi

Misal : peraturan pemerintah, kenaikkan pajak, resesi, evaluasi, dan sebagainya

Page 15: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

• Total Risiko = Risiko tidak sistematis + Risiko sistematis

Risiko Portofolio

Jumlah Saham dalam Portofolio

Risiko Total

Risiko tidak sistematis

Risiko sistematis

Page 16: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Hubungan Risiko dan Keuntungan Menurut CAPM

• CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model)

Teori Ini mendefinisikan hubungan antara risiko dengan tingkat keuntungan aktiva pada kondisi equilibrium

Page 17: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

ki = krf + (km – krf) . bi (untuk saham individu)

kp = krf + (km – krf) . bp (untuk saham portofolio)

Bermanfaat untuk mengevaluasi rencana keuntungan dengan membandingkan expected rate of return (keuntungan yang diharapkan) dengan required rate of return (keuntungan yang disyaratkan)

CAPM

Page 18: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Contoh Soal

• Jika diketahui expected rate of return sebesar 22 %. Saham ini memiliki beta 1,5 dan tingkat keuntungan portofolio pasar (IHSG) 20% serta tingkat keuntungan bebas risiko 10%.

• Untuk mengambil keputusan membeli saham atau tidak, maka harus menghitung tingkat keuntungan yang diisyaratkan.

• Apabila tingkat keuntungan yang disyaratkan (required rate of return) lebih besar dari tingkat keuntungan yang diharapkan (expected rate of return), maka saham tersebut sebaiknya ditolak

Page 19: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Jawaban

• Ki = krf + (km – krf) . Bi

= 10% + (20% - 10%) . 1,5

= 25%

Keuntungan yang disyaratkan 25% lebih besar dari keuntungan yang diharapkan 22 %, maka saham tersebut ditolak untuk dibeli

Page 20: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Latihan Soal

• Saham x mempunyai beta 0,8 suku bunga bebas risiko 8% dan tingkat keuntungan yang disyaratkan pada portofolio pasar adalah 13%

a) Berapa premi risiko pasar ?b) Berapa required rate of return ?c) Kembali pada suku bunga bebas risiko 8%, berapa

required of return jika tingkat keuntungan yang disayaratkan pada portofolio pasar naik 7% ?

d) Kembali pada premi risiko pasar 5%, berapa required of return jika beta naik 1,2 ?

Page 21: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

WANT TO MINIMIZE RISK?

Don’t put your eggs in

one basket

Put your eggs in one basket

and WATCH IT!

OR

Page 22: Session 7   risk and return & portofolio

Pemilihan Alternatif Investasi

Expected Return

Risk

Risk

Free Rate

Obligasi Pemerintah

Tabungan

Deposito

Obligasi Corporasi

Saham Preferen

Saham Konvertibel

Mutual Fund

Saham Biasa

Properti/real asset

Opsi

Derivatives