session 4-5 the vital substances chinese medicine department by … · the vital substances chinese...

© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1

Working With Children Checks

Some information about WWCC. All the

lecturers, please read the following

information in the class. If any students have

questions, please let them contact the SL on

your campus.


Working With Children

Checks (WWCC)

o All students requiring a WWC Check (or equivalent) are required to

present it to, and have the WWC Check or its equivalent validated by

the College prior to undertaking any work integrated learning or client-

based clinical/practicum components of their qualification. This means:

o Higher Education students (normal enrolment) – where the student

enters the course at the first semester, they must supply their WWC

Check (or equivalent) prior to commencement of their second teaching

period (i.e. prior to their second semester).



Checks (WWCC)o All students requiring a WWC Check (or equivalent) are

required to present it to, and have the WWC Check or its

equivalent validated by the College prior to undertaking any

work integrated learning or client-based clinical/practicum

components of their qualification. This means:

o Higher Education students (normal enrolment) – where

the student enters the course at the first semester, they must

supply their WWC Check (or equivalent) prior to

commencement of their second teaching period (i.e. prior to

their second semester).



Checkso All WWC Checks (or equivalent) must be maintained for the

period of a student’s studies with the College. In Western

Australia a renewed certificate is required each year, refer to

period of currency below.

Jurisdiction Period of

Currency

Name of Check Responsible Authority

NSW 5 years WWC Check Office of the Children’s Guardian

QLD 3 years Blue Card/Positive Notice Blue Card Services

VIC 5 years WWC Check Department of Justice

WA Point in time

(must renew

annually)

National Police Certificate* Western Australia Police

SA 3 years DCSI Child-related Employment

Screening

DCSI Screening Unit

NT 2 years Ochre Card/WWC Clearance Northern Territory Government

TAS N/A No legislative requirement N/A

https://www.kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au/working-with-children/working-with-children-check

https://www.bluecard.qld.gov.au/

http://www.workingwithchildren.vic.gov.au/

http://www.police.wa.gov.au/Ourservices/InformationAccess/NationalPoliceCertificates/tabid/1339/Default.aspx

https://screening.dcsi.sa.gov.au/faqs/general-faq-docs/how-often-is-it-required

http://screening.dcsi.sa.gov.au/

http://www.workingwithchildren.nt.gov.au/about_working_with_children.html


Application Processo Students will be advised of the WWC Check requirements on

enrolment and will be directed to the appropriate application

mechanism for their State.

o International students will apply in the State in which they are

enrolled.

o The Director, Student Services & Retention (Endeavour and Martin

HE) or the Dean & Operations Director (ACPE) acts as the

employer representative when completing student application and

renewal forms; the task of signing student application forms has

been delegated to relevant Compliance and/or Student Services

Staff on each campus with the exception of SA which has specific

College appointed ‘Nominated Officers’ for the varying roles in the

SA process.

o See your local Student Services team for more information.


General Processo Student completes the relevant application form

and presents their proof-of-identity for verification to the relevant authority in their State (this could be to the College or to another authority – refer to State procedures);

o Student lodges their application with the relevant State Authority;

o Student receives the successful WWC Check or equivalent directly from the State Authority;

o Student presents the WWC Check or equivalent to Student Services staff on their campus for recording on their file;


General Processo Students who have not submitted their WWC

Check or equivalent by the stated timeframes will be monitored by the Quality and Compliance department and will have their subject enrolment cancelled.

o Students may be required to present proof of a valid WWC Check or equivalent to employer representatives on work integrated learning placements (e.g. Principal of a school or Clinic Manager), so should carry it at all times when undertaking a practicum.

o NOTE: The application process in SA shall be initiated by the College.


CMPR113

Session 4-5

The Vital Substances

Chinese Medicine Department

By Dr Shulan Yang


Content

On completion of these sessions it is expected that

students will be able to

1.Identify the Vital Substances

2.Differentiate the roles of the Vital Substances

3.Describe transformation of the Vital Substances


Vital Substances

Jīng

Qì

Xuè

Jī Yè

Shén

Heart

Liver

Spleen

Lung

Kidney

Pericardium

Small Intestine

Gall Bladder

Stomach

Large Intestine

Bladder

San Jiao

Material base

Support &

produce


Vital Substances

So, what are the Vital Substances?

1.Qì (pg. 43 text)

2.Blood (Xuè) (pg. 61 text)

3.Essence (Jīng) (pg. 46 Text)

4.Body Fluids (Jīn Yè) (pg. 66 Text)

5.Mind (Shén) (Pg. 70 Text)


QI

CMPR113 FTCM Session 4-5


Qì

Concept

Generating Distributing

Functions

The relationships with

other vital substance


The concept of Qi in TCM

As discussed, Qi has been translated to

many descriptions

Energy

Life force

Matter

Vital force


Qi

.


The Original Power

to Create Things from Nothing

The top part of the means one new thing was created from

nothing


Fire

The second component or bottom part of the character for

Qi means fire. That means Qi is warm, going up. Warm

temperature is the nature of Qi. Warm temperature is also

the origin the life.


炁What’s the important thing this character tells us?

o Qi is the key material to create new things; The Qi to

create a new life is call pre-natal Qi

o Qi is the key material to keep us alive. If Yuan Qi is

scattered from body, which means the life is end.

o It’s is very important for keeping healthy to keep the Qi

strong and moving smoothly in our body.

o They key thing for keeping Qi strong and moving

smoothly is Fire/warm


Vapour

The top part of the Qi symbol is the vapour character. This

can also be interpreted to steam or gas


Rice

The second component or bottom part of the character for

Qi means (uncooked) rice


What’s the important thing this character tells us?

o 炁 means pre-natal Qi, but 氣 means post-natal Qi

o Post-natal Qi comes from grains. No grains, no post-

natal Qi. Only vegetables, fruits and meat, it’s not

enough to keep our post-natal Qi strong.


Qì

o In Chinese, the character for Qi indicates that it is

something that is, at the same time both material and

non material

o Understanding the Chinese character for Qi will help you

understand its concept

o Qi can be as rarefied and immaterial as vapour, and as

dense and material as rice

o Maciocia, G The foundations of Chinese Medicine 2nd edn 2007


Qì

Pg45 of Maciocia 2015 states “Qi is in a constant state of

flux and in varying states of aggregation. When Qi

condenses, energy transforms and accumulates into

physical shape; when it is dispersed, it gives rise to more

subtle forms of matter”

Also

“Qi is an energy that manifests simultaneously on the

physical and mental-spiritual level”.

Maciocia, G The foundations of Chinese Medicine 2nd edn 2007


Qì Is Important To Life

Qì produces the human body just as water

becomes ice. As water freezes into ice, so

Qì coagulates to form the human body.

When ice melts, it becomes water. When a

person dies, he or she becomes shén

(spirit) again. It is called spirit just as melted

ice changes its name to water”

Wang Chong (AD 27-97)


Qì Is Important To Life

The life comes from Qì gathering.

When Qì gathers, the life starts.

When Qì scatters, the life is gone.

Zhuang Zi (369BC – 286BC)

No author, no date, Master Zhuang and a

frog, Viewed 16 Feb 2018

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:

Zhuangzi.gif


Generating of Qì

Qì

Parents

Prenatal

Qì

Kidney

Postnal

Qì

Air Food

Lung Spleen/

stomach

The root of Qì The governor of Qì The basis for the

formation of postnatal Qì


Different forms of Qì

Qì ‘wears’ following hats

1.Original Qì (Yuán Qì) pg50-52 & box 3.3

2.Food Qì (Gŭ Qì) pg52-53 & box 3.4

3.Gathering Qì (Zōng Qì) pg53-54 & box 3.5

4.True Qì (Zhēn Qì) pg54 & box 3.6

5.Nutritive Qì (Yíng Qì) pg54 & box 3.7

6.Defensive Qì (Wèi Qì) pg55 & box 3.8

7.Central Qì (Zhōng Qì) pg56 & box 3.9

8.Upright Qì (Zhèng Qì) pg56 & box 3.10


Movements of Qì

o Qì is an energetic vital substance.

o Qì keeps moving in the body. If Qì stop moving,

disorders or death will be caused.

David Holt, 30 Nov 2016, High air pollution in London November 30 2016, Viewed 19 Feb 2018

https://www.flickr.com/photos/zongo/30512519164


Movements of Qi

oDirections of Qi moving:

Qì

Go upwards

Go

outwards

Go downwards

Go

inwards


Movements of Qì

Lung Qì descends

Liver Qì ascends

Stomach Qì descends

Spleen Qì asendes

Heart Qì desends

Kidney Qì ascends

In normal condition, the movement of Qì should

be balanced


Qi

BOX 3.11 Functions of Qi

• Transforming

• Transporting

• Holding

• Raising

• Protecting

• Warming

Page 57 of Maciocia

Box 3.11 gives

summery of the

Functions of Qi


Transforming & Transporting

Food &

Drinks

transforming

wastes

Gŭ Qì

Jīn Yè

transporting Large

intestine

transporting

transporting

Whole

body

Whole

body

All above process is done under the function of Qì


Holding

o Holding all the liquid vital substances, including

blood, Jīn Yè, essence in the proper position, in

case they are consumed abnormally.

o Holding the internal organs in the proper position

in case they drop.

No author, 3 Apr 2016, Yellow Blue and Green Hot Air Balloon Flying Near White Clouds. Viewed 19 Feb 2018

https://www.pexels.com/photo/yellow-blue-and-green-hot-air-balloon-flying-near-white-clouds-68806/


Raising

o Pushing liquid vital substances to the top of the

body.

o Hold the internal organs in the proper position in

case they drop.


Protecting

o “When Zhèng Qì (upright Qì) is

strong, no Xié Qì (evil Qì) could

make the body ill.

-- Huáng Dì Nèi Jīng ·Sù Wèn

No author, no date, no title, Viewed 15 Feb

2018

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New

_Edition_with_Supplemental_Annotations_of_

The_Inner_Canon_of_the_Yellow_Emperor._

Su_wen_WDL11409.jpg/


Warming

o Keep the stable body temperature:

• Man depends on Yáng Qì to keep warm and energetic.

When Yáng Qì is gone, the body will become cold and

dead.

-- Zhāng Jǐng Yuè (Míng dynasty)

o Support the internal organs and body tissues to

work energetically.

o Support the liquid vital substances to move

smoothly and do the functions properly.

• Blood prefer warmth rather than cold. Cold makes blood

stagnating while warmth makes it moving smoothly.

Huáng Dì Nèi Jīng · Sù Wèn


BLOOD (XUE)



Blood (XUE)

Maciocia states

“The meaning of Blood in Chinese Medicine is different

from its meaning in Western medicine. In Chinese

Medicine, Blood is itself a form of Qi, a very dense and

material one, but Qi nevertheless. Moreover, Blood is

inseparable form Qi itself as Qi infuses life into Blood:

without Qi, Blood would be an inert fluid”.

Maciocia, G. (2015). The foundations of Chinese medicine (3rd ed.). Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone. pg61


Generating of Xuè

Food and

drink

Spleen and

stomach

Gŭ Qì

AirLung Qīng

Qì

HeartPut energy in

Change into red Blood

EssenceKidney

Marrow

Transform into

Liver

Essence and

blood transform

to each other


Organs affecting the generation of Xuè

o Spleen and Stomach are the original source of Qi and

Blood.

o Lung breaths in Qīng Qì, which is another source of Qì

and Blood.

o Heart will put energy in the combination of Gŭ Qì and

Qīng Qì, change it into red which is called Blood.

• The colour of Blood comes from Fire (Heart) red.

Táng Róng Chuān (Qīng dynasty)

o Kidney stores essence. Essence and Blood support each

other and could transform to each other.


About Kidney Essence and Xuè

Box 3.16

“Tiān Guĭ is Menstrual blood in women and sperm in men.

It originates directly from the Kidney- Essence and it

matures at puberty. Thus, although part of ‘Blood’,

menstrual blood is a more precious fluid because it derives

directly from the Kidney Essence.”

Maciocia, 2nd edition, pg. 63


Organs affecting the moving of Xuè

o Heart governs Blood, Heart Qì pushes Blood to move

in the blood vessels.

o Lung Governs Qì. Lung Qì supports Heart Qì to moving

the blood.

o Liver stores Blood and regulates the blood distribution

in the whole body. At the same time, Liver regulates the

moving of Qì to support the moving of Blood.

o Spleen holds Blood in blood vessels to prevent

bleeding.


Functins of Xuè

Nourish and moisten the whole body,

including internal organs, body tissues,

orifices and Shén (mind).


The relationships between Xuè and Qì

o Qì is the governor of Xuè

o Xuè is the mother of Qì


Qì is the governor of Xuè

o Qì produces the Blood

o Qì moves the Blood

o Qì holds the Blood



o Qì produces the Blood

• When Qì is strong, Blood can be produced

amply.

• So (to treat blood deficiency) good

practitioner will not only focus on tonifying

visible blood, but also tonify invisible Qì to

tonify blood.

Wú Jú Tōng (Qīng dynasty)



o Qì moves the Blood

Heart Qì to push

Lung Qì to dispersing and descendingBlood moving

depends on

Liver Qì to dredging and releasing



o Qì holds the Blood

• When Qì is strong, Blood will moving

inside of the blood vessels and will not

cause bleeding.

• Tonifying Qì to stop bleeding is a very

important treatment principle for serious

or chronic bleeding.


Xuè is the mother of Qì

o Xuè nourishes Qì

o Xuè carries Qì

• Qì is an energetic material and keep

moving. It’s difficult for it to stay

somewhere. But Blood will hold and carry

Qì to stay inside of body.


ESSENCE (JING)



Jīng/ 精

米青Rice

Clear and

refined

Thus the character gives the idea of something derived

from a process of refinement or distillation: it is a

distilled, refined essence, extracted from a courser

substance


Jīng/ 精

o Jīng is made up of the living matter from parents and

distilled material from food and drink. Jīng is the

original source and original power of life.

o 夫精者，生之本也。The essence is the basis of the

body.

Huáng Dì Nèi Jīng · Sù Wèn


Concept of Jīng

o Broad sense: the liquid vital substances stored

in the body.

o Narrow sense: the vital substances supporting

the fertility.

No author, no date, no title. Viewed 19 Feb 2018

http://fertilityfile.typepad.com/fertilityfile/2007/07/uterus.html


Generating of Jīng

Prenatal Jīng: Comes from parents.

Postnatal Jīng: Transforms from

food and drink.

Kidney Jīng


Prenatal Jīng

Is closely linked to the Gate of Life (Ming Men)

Ming Men “The gate of Life is the residence of the Mind

and Essence and it is connected to the Original Qi: In

men it houses the sperm: in women the Uterus”. Chapter 36 Classic of Difficulties

Connected to conception and the combination of energy

from both mother and father

Determines constitution, strength and vitality


Post-heavenly Jīng

Extracted from food and fluids by the Stomach

and spleen

Lung, Stomach and Spleen produce Qi from

the food, drink and air


Functions of Jīng

o Growth, Development and Reproduction

o The essence as basis of Kidney Qi

o The essence as the basis of Marrow

o The essence as the basis of constitutional strength

o The essence as the basis for the ‘Three Treasures’


Shèn (Kidney Essence) Jīng

o Governs growth, reproduction and development

Female Male

age manifestations age manifestations

7 teeth are substituted

the hair grows long

8 Hair grows and teeth are

substituted

2×7 Tian Gui arrives. Ren

Channel and Chong

Channel get strong.

Period comes.

Pregnancy is possible.

2×8 Tian Gui arrives. Essence is

full and flows away. Yin and

Yang stay harmony. Could

have children.

3×7 The wisdom teeth

emerge and growth to

the maximum.

3×8 Sinews and bones are firm

and strong, wisdom teeth

emerge and grow to their

full size


Shèn (Kidney Essence) Jīngo Governs growth, reproduction and development

Female Male


4×7 Sinews and bones are firm and

hair has grown to its full extent.

It’s the tiptop condition of

female.

4×8 Sinews and bones prosper in

abundance, muscles and flesh

are full and strong.

5×7 Yang Ming channel starts to

get weak, hence Face begins

to dry and hair begins to fall

off.

5×8 Kidney Qì weakens. The hair

falls off and teeth wither.

6×7 All three Yang channels get

weak and essence can’t arrive

at head, hence the face is all

parching and hair begins to

turn white.

6×8 Yang Qì couldn’t push

essence to head, hence the

face dries out and hiar on the

temples shows streaks of

white.


Shèn (Kidney Essence) Jīng

o Governs growth, reproduction and development

Female Male


7×7 Ren channel is depleted

and Chong channel is

weak. Tian Gui is

exhausted. So no

pregnancy anymore.

7×8 Liver Qì weakens, sinews

gets stiff. Tian Gui is almost

gone. Kidney Qì weakens

and essence is diminished.

8×8 Teeth and hair go.


The relationships between Jīng and Xuè

o Jīng and Xuè could transform

to each other.


BODY FLUIDS (JIN-YE)



Jīn-yè/津液

liquid Pronunciation(boat flows on the river) liquid Pronunciation

(sweat under armpit)


Contrast Jīn and Yè

Jīn Yè

Shapes & properties clear, light, thin and

watery

more turbid, heavy,

dense.

Distribution Surface of body,

skin, orifices and

enters blood vessels

Joins, bones, internal

organs, marrows

Functions Moisten skin,

muscle, orifices. Fill

and nourish blood

vessles

Nourish internal

organs, Fill and

nourish marrow.

Lubricate joints.


The relationships between Jīn and Yè

o Both Jīn and Yè come from food and drinks. They are

produced by Spleen and Stomach.

o In physiological condition, they support each other and

could transform to each. So no need to differentiate them

clearly.

o But in pathological condition, the level of Jīn deficiency

and Yè deficiency is different. Generally, Jīn deficiency

happens when the disorder just starts. Continuous Jīn

deficiency will cause Yè deficiency. So Yè deficiency is

more serious than Jīn deficiency.


The generating, distributing and

discharging of Jīn-yè

Maciocia, G. (2015). The foundations of Chinese medicine (3rd ed.). Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone. p67


The organs mainly related with

Jīn Yè

o Spleen transforms and transports the fluids

o Lungs diffuses the fluids

o Kidney Transform/Separate/Excretes the fluids

o Bladder Excretes the fluids

o Triple Burner Transforms/Transports/Excretes

o Stomach is the Origin of the Fluidso Taken from Figure 3.27 pg 67 Maciocia

o Spleen, Lung and Kidney work together to govern the

whole process of Jīn Yè. And Kidney is the most importat

one. So we say: Kidney governs water metabolism.


The relationships between Jīn Yè and Qì

o Qì produces Jīn Yè.

o Qì moves Jīn Yè.

o Qì holds Jīn Yè.

o Jīn Yè nourishes Qì.

o Jīn Yè carries Qì.


SHEN (MIND)



Shén (mind)

o Often known as mind or spirit

Zhāng Jiè Bīn “If the Essence is strong, Qi flourishes: if Qi

flourishes, the Mind is whole’.

o Shen / Mind that is disturbed by emotions and stress,

affects the Qi and essence

o Shen / Mind is most closely related to the Heart which

‘houses’ the Shen


Shén (mind) Functions

Box 3.2 Functions of the Mind (Shen)

• Consciousness

• Thinking

• Memory

• Insight

• Cognition

• Sleep

• Intelligence

• Wisdom

• Ideas

• Affection

• Feelings

• senses

Maciocia, The Foundations of Chinese Medicine 2006 pg. 70


Shén (mind)

Heart and Mind relationship

•Simple Questions chapter 8 states

“The Heart is the Monarch and it governs the Mind”.

•The Spiritual Axis chapter 71 says

“The Heart is the Monarch of the 5 Yin organs and 6 Yang

organs and it is the residence of the Mind”.


The relationships between Shén

and other vital substances

o Shén is the most subtle and non-material type of

Qi.

o Shén governs all life activities. If Shén is clear, then

internal organs could work together to generate,

distribute and discharge Jīng, Qì, Xuè, Jīn Yè.

o But on the other hand, Jīng, Qì, Xuè, Jīn Yè is the

material basis of Shén.

session 4-5 the vital substances chinese medicine department by … · the vital substances chinese...

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