session 2 restraint principles sheep
TRANSCRIPT
Session 2:Restraint of Sheep,
Goats and Swine
Positional Terminology
Recumbent: Refers to lying down or back
Lateral: Refers to the side
Dorsal: Refers to the back(spine side)
Sternal: Refers to the underside (sternum/abdomen)
Know Normal Behavior
Important in determining which restraint technique to use
Differences between species
Sheep Terminology
“Ovine”
Ruminant Herbivores
– Ewe: Female of reproductive age
– Ram: Intact male of reproductive age
– Lamb: young sheep of either sex
– Wether: neutered adult male
– Mutton: meat derived from adult sheep
Sheep Production
Economical & efficient production of meat, wool and milk
Meat Breeds Wool BreedsCombination Breeds
Suffolk
Dorset
Hampshire
Southdown
Oxford
Shropshire
Rambouillet
Merino
Debouillet
Columbia
Targhee
Polypay
Texel
Tunis
Leicester
Cheviot
Sheep Meat Breeds
Dorset Suffolk
Oxford
http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/
Sheep Wool BreedsRambouillet
MerinoTarghee
http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/
Sheep Behavior
VERY herd conscious – usually driven in bunches
“Safety in numbers”
Wide visual field - ~ 270°
Highly sensitive to excessive noise
Sheep Behavior: Fight or Flight
Different responses to handling based on breed
White-faced wool breeds have greater flocking instinct
Fight or Flight zone depends on where sheep is raised:
Barn raised – shorter flight zone
Rarely saw people – bigger flight zone
Sheep Behavior
Very athletic!
– Will climb over each other when driven into enclosures
– BEWARE: Lambs can sustain traumatic injuries -use care when driving them!
When angry, will stamp front feet or head butt (especially rams!)
Capture and Restraint of Sheep
“Work” flock into small pen or enclosures
Approach individual slowly
Capture animal by putting one arm around its neck and front quarters then quickly wrapping other hand around rear quarters and grabbing its tail stump (dock)
Guide animal into desired area for treatment
Capture and Restraint of Sheep
Can use Shepherd’s Crook
– Use to hook a back leg in the hock area
– Work quickly so animal doesn’t fight crook and break its leg
Restraint of Sheep
RUMPING
– Very easy method of immobilizing animal for routine husbandry
– Hoof trimming
– Shearing wool
– SQ vaccinations
http://www3.northampton.edu/club/navta/Fall2006.pdf
Animal rests on
its hind quarters
to enable
technicians to
clean and trim
its hooves
and conduct a
physical exam.
Note: the
animal’s back is
supported
against the legs
of its restrainer
http://www3.northampton.edu/club/navta/Fall2006.pdf
Obtain pulse rate from
Femoral Artery
Normal pulse
rate in sheep is
70-90 BPM
Important!
NEVER NEVER grab a sheep or a mohair goat by the wool!
Causes subcutaneous bruising, ruins the wool for market
And it hurts!
Don’t be Baaaaaaashful…
Questions?
Goat Terminology
“Caprine”
Ruminant Herbivores
Doe: female
Buck: intact male
Kid: baby goat – either sex
Wether: castrated male
Goats
Raised for meat, milk, fiber and hides
Dairy Breeds Meat Breeds Fiber Breeds
Nubian
Alpine
LaMancha
Saanen
Toggenberg
Boer
Spanish
Myotonic
Pygmy
Kiko
Apine
Pygora
Dairy Breeds
Nubian
Saanen
Alpine
http://fiascofarm.com/goats/breeds.htm
Meat Breeds
Boer
Spanish
Kiko
http://fiascofarm.com/goats/breeds.htm
Fiber Breeds
Angora
Pygora
http://fiascofarm.com/goats/breeds.htm
Goat Behavior
Highly social animals!
Flock together in extended family groups
Males and females will establish social dominance via fighting
Use horns for fighting, so group the herd according to whether they’re horned or de-horned
Goat Behavior
Unlike sheep, they will not stay together when herded, instead will scatter
Best to ID the lead goat (usually a doe) and guide her into pen and the others will follow
Goat Behavior
Generally docile and handled easily
Goats DON’T tolerate rough treatment
If you’re rough, they get agitated and will try to butt
use the
minimum
amount
of restraint
necessary!
Goat Behavior
Warning Signs!
Hair raised along spine
Stamping foot
Sneezing/Snorting
Rearing up on hind legs
Goat Capture and Restraint
To capture: grab one of its front legs and lift animal;Can use shepherd’s crook
Push animal against a wall/fence with your legs and hips to restrain it
Place knee firmly in animal’s flank
Goat Restraint
Do not rump a goat to do any procedure!
Back animal’s hindquarters into a corner, and straddle animal at the shoulders while holding its head (good for TPR, and venipuncture)
Normal pulse
rate in goats is
70-90 BPM
Goat Restraint Methods
Flanking
– Leaves the animal laterally recumbent
Goats: Restraining the Head
Necessary for eye exams, oral meds and jugular blood collection
Two methods:– Place hands on cheeks, wrap fingers around
jawbone and hold firmly
– Grasp beard with one hand and encircle neck with the other to stabilize head*
* Beware mating season!!
Restraining for Venipuncture
Cephalic Venipuncture– Straddle goat’s shoulders, place one hand around
neck to stabilize head. Use other hand to hold out leg, “roll” vein and stabilize elbow.
Jugular Venipuncture– Back goat into corner and push it sideways into
wall. Use one hand to hold head to the side and one hand to hold off the vein
Questions?
QUESTION OF THE DAY…
If a pig loses its voice, is it disgruntled ?
Swine Terminology
“Porcine”
Monogastric omnivores
– Sow = Adult female
– Boar = Adult male
– Piglet/Farrow = Young
– Gilt = Sexually mature female, no litter yet
– Barrow = Castrated male
Swine Breeds: Top Breeds
http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/Hampshire
DurocAmerican Yorkshire
Swine Behavior
Intelligent, stubborn, vocal and at times vicious
Easily frightened due to poor eyesight
Can be incredibly dangerous to restrain
When stressed or treated roughly, can become hyperthermic easily!
Swine Behavior
When aggressive, pigs will use sharp teeth
Unlike sheep and goats, pigs can’t be herded;
Will come to the rescue of a distressed herd mate! Beware!
ALWAYS have an escape
route when working with pigs!
Tools for Capture and Restraint
Pig Boards– Flat, solid piece of wood, plastic,
metal large enough to cover handler’s legs
– Use as barrier to move pig in direction you want
– Make sure board is touching ground, otherwise pig will try to go under it
Tools for Capture and Restraint
Paddles
– Flat board on a long stick
– Gently tap pig on shoulder, rump or side of face to direct it in direction you want
– Do NOT slap the pig with the paddle. It will become enraged and you will NOT win!
Capture and Restraint of Pigs
Lifting pigs
– Use on pigs > 50lbs
– Good for castration, vaccination andadministering meds
Tools for Restraint
Hog Snare
– Long metal pole with cable loop on end
– Use for large pigs
– Dangle loop in front of pig’s snout; when pig opens mouth, push loop into mouth behind tusks and tighten
– Move quickly, as pig will whip around to get free.
Tools for Restraint
V-Trough
– Used for placing smaller pigs on their back
– Stretch pig’s legs to secure ropes
– Stretch pig’s neck for venipuncture
Questions?
Have a Great Week!