session 2 ic2011 burnard
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An automated optical method for measuring and characterizing face
check development in maple veneered panels
Mike BurnardLech Muszynski, Ph.D.Scott Leavengood, Ph.D.Lisa Ganio, Ph.D.
Oregon State University
![Page 2: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• Introduction
• Background & Motivation
• Objective
• System Requirements & Components
• Future work
![Page 3: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background: maple panels
• Decorative
• Used indoors
• Can be expensive
• A composite with face, core, & back
![Page 4: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Background: panel manufacturing
oakwoodveneer.com, inhabitat.com
Decorative maple panel manufacturing involves many factors including: veneer, adhesives, cores & pressing
![Page 5: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Background: checking
Checking is caused by the differential drying rate between the face and the core of the panel
![Page 6: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Background: panel checking
Many factors have been identified as possibly contributing to checking:
• Veneer properties
• Panel construction
• Service conditions
![Page 7: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Background: checking factors
• Veneer thickness
• Lathe check orientation
• Sliced/peeled
• Log prep method
• Source region
• Adhesive type
• Core type
• Pressing cycles
• Cross-band lathe check orientation
• others…
![Page 8: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Background: panel checking
Standards allow 2 small, mended checks in specific regions:
.8mm wide, 72mm long on edges
![Page 9: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Motivation
• Checking is an expensive problem for manufacturers and the industry
• Manufacturing maple veneer plywood panels is complex and involves many factors
![Page 10: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Motivation
• Large studies testing many factors have been impractical because of the laborious manual inspection methods used in the past
• An experimental method to efficiently measure and quantify checks as they occur
![Page 11: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Background: optical method
Kang et al (2007) developed a non-contact optical method to detect checks as they occur. The method lends itself to automation.
![Page 12: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Background: optical method
Uses two cameras trained on an object to monitor how it changes over time in three dimensions.
![Page 13: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Negative Positive
110 min
185 min
Strain, εxKang et al, 2007
![Page 14: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Objective
Develop an efficient procedure in which the optical method can be applied to measure checks as they develop in multiple panels simultaneously to test an unprecedented number of factors
![Page 15: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Checking factors
• Veneer thickness
• Lathe check orientation
• Sliced/peeled
• Log prep method
• Source region
• Adhesive type
• Core type
• Pressing cycles
• Cross-band lathe check orientation
• others…
![Page 16: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Modular optical unit with sufficient resolution to detect critical checks
• Climate chamber capable of maintaining a low equilibrium moisture content to accelerate check formation
System Components
![Page 17: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Requirements: critical checks
Determined critical checks are those with a minimum width of:
~0.2 mm
![Page 18: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Requirements: optical unit
Detecting critical checks in multiple panels simultaneously is imperative.
![Page 19: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Requirements: optical unit
Utilizing multiple cameras allows more panels to be examined simultaneously.
Test single vs. dual cameras & industrial vs. consumer cameras
![Page 20: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Requirements: optical unit
Consumer cameras proved unreliable and not easily automated.
Both single and dual industrial cameras proved sufficient to detect critical checks.
![Page 21: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
-0.010
-0.005
0.000
0.005
0.010
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Stra
in
Image
Strain, εxx
50mm Lens Single Camera12mm Lens Single Camera50mm Lenses Dual Camera
![Page 22: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Requirements: climate chamber
Temperature and relative humidity tests revealed an average equilibrium moisture content of: 8%
• Size
• Dedicated
• Climate conditions
![Page 23: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Requirements: climate chamber
Introducing a space heater with a fan reduced the equilibrium moisture content to:
6%
![Page 24: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Future Work
• Purchase and test lower-resolution industrial cameras
• Build modular test chamber
Work in progress…
![Page 25: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank you.
Questions? Comments?
![Page 26: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Temperature (°C), Relative Humidity (%) & Equilibrium Moisture Content (%)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
25
30
35
40
45
1
16
51
EMC
(%
)
Tem
pe
ratu
re (
°C),
Re
lati
ve H
um
idit
y (%
)
Time intervals (x5 minutes)
RH, % Temp, C
EMC, %
![Page 27: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1070
1075
1080
1085
1090
1095
1100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
We
igh
t (g
)
Time (minutes)
Panel weight loss
21C, 41%RH 31C, 27%RH
![Page 28: Session 2 ic2011 burnard](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110310/5593eddc1a28ab4e3b8b4600/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
References available upon request