sesperes, john kenneth tan, hannah michaela tapia, paul adrian tarriela, mark khim viray, danielle...
TRANSCRIPT
Sesperes, John Kenneth
Tan, Hannah Michaela
Tapia, Paul Adrian
Tarriela, Mark Khim
Viray, Danielle
Grp.5 - HUB42
• The concentration of an RNA or DNA sample can be checked by the use of UV spectrophotometry.
• Both RNA and DNA absorb UV light very efficiently making it possible to detect and quantify either at concentrations as low as 2.5 ng/µl.
• The nitrogenous bases in nucleotides have an absorption maximum at about 260 nm.
• Using a 1-cm light path, the extinction coefficient for nucleotides at this wavelength is 20.
• Based on this extinction coefficient, the absorbance at 260 nm in a 1-cm quartz cuvette of a 50µg/ml solution of double stranded DNA or a 40µg/ml solution of single stranded RNA is equal to 1.
DNA concentration (µg/ml) = (OD 260) x (dilution factor) x (50 µg DNA/ml)/(1 OD260 unit)
RNA concentration (µg/ml) = (OD 260) x (dilution factor) x (40 µg RNA/ml)/(1 OD260 unit)
• The absorbance of a DNA sample at 280 nm gives an estimate of the protein contamination of the sample.
• Purification of intact nucleic acid from samples is required for many molecular biology applications.
(e.g. PCR)• The assessment of the purity of a nucleic acid sample is often performed by a procedure commonly referred to as the A260/A280 ratio.
by Warburg and Christian originally this was used to measure protein purity in the presence of nucleic acid contamination
• Pure DNA: 1.80 – 1.90
• Pure RNA: 2.0
• The basis of this test rests on the Beer-Lambert Law
OD = eCb
Wherein:
OD = optical density
e = extinction coefficient
C = concentration of the sample
b = optical path length
e = OD/C
WavelengthWavelength AbsorbanceAbsorbance
220220 0.0400.040
240240 0.0000.000
260260 (-) 0.004(-) 0.004
280280 0.0320.032
300300 0.020 0.020
Table 1.1 Absorbance of DNA sample extracted from E.coli at various wavelengths
1st Sample: A260 / A 280 = 0.125
2nd Sample:
WavelengthWavelength AbsorbanceAbsorbance
220220 (-) 0.039 (-) 0.039
240240 (-) 0.033 (-) 0.033
260260 0.011 0.011
280280 (-) 0.025(-) 0.025
300300 (-) 0.077 (-) 0.077
Table 1.2 Absorbance of DNA sample extracted from E.coli at various wavelengths
A260 / A 280 = 0.44
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
220 240 260 280 300
2nd sample
1st sample
Figure 1.1 Absorbance profiles of DNA sample extracted from E.coli at various wavelengths
ONION DNA ABSORBANCE
Readin
g260 nm
280 nm
RATIO
TRIAL 1
1 0.000 -0.023 0.000
2 -0.005 0.570 -0.009
3 -0.157 -0.126 1.246
4 -0.043 -0.022 1.955
TRIAL 2
1 -0.028 0.027 -1.037
2 -0.022 -0.011 2.000
3 -0.064 -0.030 2.133
4 -0.046 0.015 -3.067
Table 1.3 Absorbance of DNA sample extracted from Onion at 260 and 280 nm
• It is important to note that the A260/A280 ratio isonly an indication of purity rather than a precise answer.
• Several factors may influence A260/A280 ratios.
1.Measurements at 260 nm are near the nucleicacid absorbance spectrum peak, while those at280 nm are located in a portion of the spectrumwith a steep slope.
2.Sample concentration can also affect the results, as dilute samples will have very little difference between the absorbance at 260 nm and that at 280 nm.
3.The type(s) of protein present in a DNA/protein mixture can also affect the A260/A280 ratio determination.