Service Oriented Grid Architecture

Hui LiICT in Business Colloquium, LIACS

Mar 1st, 2006

Note: Part of this presentation is based on Dr. Ian Foster’s talks

(http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~foster/talks.htm)

Outline

• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)• Stateful Grid Services - WSRF• Grid Dynamics

– Security– Resource Management

• System Level ScienceScience• BusinessBusiness on Demand, Adaptive Enterprises• Discussions, Assignments

Service Oriented Architecture

• A service-oriented architecture is essentially a collection of services. These services communicate with each other. The communication can involve either simple data passing or it could involve two or more services coordinating some activity. Some means of connecting services to each other is needed.

• Distributed Computing Technology: DCOM, CORBA • Web Services (SOAP, UDDI, WSDL, XML, XACML, etc)

An Enterprise View

Grid and SOA – A Brief History

• `95-`02: I-Way, Globus, NASA IPG

• `02- : Globus 2 Toolkit, EDG (EGEE, LCG), Grid3/OSG, Scientific Communities

• `03- : Globus 3, OGSA, Web Services, Industry Sponsors, GGF

• `04- : Globus 4, WSRF, Grid Services, Virtual Organizations, Communities, Social Dynamics, GGF

Reality -> Vision

• Heterogeneity -> Virtualization

• Diversity -> Standards

• Isolated -> Interoperable

• Tightly-coupled -> Loosely-coupled

• Manual -> Automated

• … …

Toolkit based? Service Oriented!

Why Grid?

• Leveraging existing web services standards and fabric

• WSRF – building stateful Grid services• Other standards contributions• Grid services for distributed resource

sharing– Resource Management, Security,

Information Services, Data Management, Programming Environments, etc

WSRF – Stateful Services

• Standard Web Services are stateless

• Without state, how does client:– Determine what happened (success/failure)?– Find out how many files completed?– Receive updates when interesting events arise?– Terminate a request?

Client

FileTransferService

move (A to B)move

WSRF in a Nutshell• Service• State representation

– Resource– Resource Property

• State identification– Endpoint Reference

• State Interfaces– GetRP, QueryRPs,

GetMultipleRPs, SetRP• Lifetime Interfaces

– SetTerminationTime– ImmediateDestruction

• Notification Interfaces– Subscribe– Notify

• ServiceGroups

RPs

Resource

ServiceGetRP

GetMultRPs

SetRP

QueryRPs

Subscribe

SetTermTime

Destroy

EPREPR

EPR

Retro…

• Service Oriented Architecture

• Grid adopts SOA

• Grid uses Web Services as a platform

• Stateful Grid Services– http://gdp.globus.org/gt4-tutorial/

What the Grid looks like in 5 years?• Panel discussion in Grid’05, Seattle, WA

• Fran Berman (SDSC): Data -> Social DynamicsFran Berman (SDSC): Data -> Social Dynamics

Grid Dynamics

• Grid = dynamic behaviors & environments– Dynamic communities (VOs) & activities– Decoupling of service consumption from service

production– Dynamic provisioning of services

• Tools to realize dynamic scenarios– Uniform state representation & access– Flexible security & policy framework– Virtual machines, dynamic services, & other

building blocks

A Two-Dimensional Problem

• Decompose across network• Clients integrate dynamically

– Select & compose services– Select “best of breed” providers– Publish result as new services

• Decouple resource & service providers

Function

Resource

Data Archives

Analysis tools

Discovery toolsUsers

Fig: S. G. Djorgovski

Provisioning

Service-Oriented Systems:The Role of Grid Infrastructure

• Service-oriented Gridinfrastructure– Provision physical

resources to support application workloads

ApplnService

ApplnService

Users

Workflows

Composition

Invocation

• Service-oriented applications– Wrap applications as

services– Compose applications

into workflows

“The Many Faces of IT as Service”, ACM Queue, Foster, Tuecke, 2005

Forming & Operating Communities• Define membership & roles; enforce

laws & community standards– I.e., policy for service-oriented architecture– Addressing dynamic membership & policy

• Build, buy, operate, & share infrastructure– Decouple consumer & provider– For data, programs, services, computing,

storage, instruments– Address dynamics of community demand

Defining Community: Membership and Laws

• Identify VO participants and roles– For people and services

• Specify and control actions of members– Empower members delegation– Enforce restrictions federate policy

A

1 2

B

1 2

A B

1

10

1

10

1

16

Access granted by community

to user

Site admission-

control policies

EffectiveAccess

Policy of site to

community

Evolution of Grid Security & Policy

• 1) Grid security infrastructure– Public key authentication & delegation– Access control lists (“gridmap” files)– Limited set of policies can be expressed

• 2) Utilities to simplify operational use, e.g.– MyProxy: online credential repository– VOMS, ACL/gridmap management– Broader set of policies, but still ad-hoc

• 3) General, standards-based framework for authorization & attribute management

Security Services for VO Policy

• Attribute Authority (ATA)– Issue signed attribute assertions

(incl. identity, delegation & mapping)• Authorization Authority (AZA)

– Decisions based on assertions & policy

VO AService

VOATA

VOAZA

MappingATA

VO BService

VOUser A

Delegation AssertionUser B can use Service A

VO-A Attr VO-B Attr

VOUser B

Resource AdminAttribute

VO MemberAttribute

VO Member Attribute

Trust in VOs• Do I “believe” an attribute assertion?

– Used to evaluate cost vs. benefit of performing an operation

– E.g., perform untrusted operation with extra auditing

• Look at attributes of assertion signer• Rooting trust

– Externally recognized source, e.g., CA– Dynamically via VO structure delegation– Dynamically via alternative sources, e.g., reputation

Retro…

• Dynamic communities

• Users and Virtual Organizations

• Security (Authentication, Authorization)

• Trust, CA, Federation

• http://www.globus.org/toolkit/security/

Build, buy, operate, & share infrastructure

Community

Services Provider

Content

Services

Capacity

• 1) Integrate services from other sources– Virtualize external services as VO services

• 2) Coordinate & compose– Create new services from existing ones

Capacity Provider

“Service-Oriented Science”, Foster, 2005

VOUser

Embedded Resource Management:E.g., EGEE & OSG

ClusterResourceManager

GRAM

ClusterResourceManager

GRAM

• VO admin delegates credentials to be used by downstream VO services.• VO admin starts the required services.• VO jobs comes in directly from the upstream VO Users• VO job gets forwarded to the appropriate resource using the VO credentials• Computational job started for VO

Client-side

VO Scheduler Other Services

VO Admin

. . .

Monitoring and control

HeadnodeResourceManager

GRAM

Deleg Deleg

Deleg

VOUser

VO Job

VO Job

System-Level Science

Problems too large &/or complex to tackle alone …

Business on Demand

• The Big Blue’s Vision for next generation computing– Power architecture, Cell processor– Carbon Nanotubes– Services, Utilities, and Grids

Case Study: IBM WS On-Demand

Oceano (1)

Oceano (2)

Retro…

• Virtualization

• Decomposition

• Integration

• SLA

Assignments

• Programming Java Web Services

• Writing a Report in the following topics:– Resource Management– Security– Information Services– Data Management– OGSA and Web Services

Discussions

• Questions?

• More info @– http://www.liacs.nl/~hli/courses/grid2005/lucgrid-resources.htm