server core installation option of2008

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Server Core Installation Option of WindowsServer 2008 Step-By-Step Guide

Microsoft Corporation

Published: February 2008

Author: Jaime Ondrusek

Abstract

This step-by-step guide provides the instructions you need to build a server in your test lab based

on the Server Core installation option of the Windows Server 2008 operating system. This

includes installing and performing the initial configuration of the Server Core installation, installing

server roles or features, and managing a server that is running a Server Core installation.


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Copyright Information

Information in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, is subject to

change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, the companies, organizations, products, domain

names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted in examples herein are

fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail

address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. Complying with all

applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under

copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval

system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft

Corporation.

Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual

property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any

written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any

license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property.

2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Active Directory, Microsoft, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, Windows, Windows NT,

Windows Server, and Windows Vista are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies.

All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.


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Contents

Server Core Installation Option of Windows Server 2008 Step-By-Step Guide ...................... ........5

What is a Server Core installation? .............................................................................................. 5

Whats new in the Server Core installation option? .............................................. ............... .....5

Who should use this guide? ............................................................................... .............. ........5

Benefits of a Server Core installation .................................................................... .............. .....6

In this guide ................................................................................................................... ...........6

Deploying a Server Core installation: Overview ....................................................................... ....6

Prerequisites for deploying a Server Core installation ...................................................... ........6

Known issues for deploying a Server Core installation .......................................................... ...7

Steps for manually installing a Server Core installation ......................................................... ...7

Using an unattend file to install a Server Core installation ....................................... ................7

Configuring a Server Core installation: Overview .................................................. .............. ........8

Administrative credentials ............................................................................. .............. .............8

Known issues for configuring a Server Core installation ................................ ................ ..........8

Steps for configuring a Server Core installation ................................................ ............... ........8

Installing a server role on a server running Server Core installation: Overview .........................11

Prerequisites for installing a server role on a server running Server Core installation ............12

Known issues for installing a server role on a Server Core installation ......................... .........12

Steps for installing a server role on a Server Core installation ......................................... ......13

Available server roles .................................................................................................... ......13

DNS Server role .......................................................................................................... ........13

DHCP Server role ......................................................................................... ................ ......13File Services role ....................................................................................... ................ .........14

Print Services role ...................................................................................................... .........14

Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services role .................................................. .........15

Active Directory Domain Services role ...................................................................... ..........15

Streaming Media Services role ........................................................................ ................ ...16

Web Server (IIS) role ................................................................................... ................ .......16

Installing Windows Features: Overview ....................................................................... ..............17

Prerequisites for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation

................................................................................................................................... .........17

Known issues for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation

................................................................................................................................... .........18Steps for installing an optional feature on a server running a Server Core installation ...........18

Available optional features .................................................................................... ..............18

Managing a Server Core installation: Overview .............................................................. ...........19

Prerequisites for managing a server running Server Core installation .................................. ..19

Known issues for managing a server running a Server Core installation ...................... .........20

Steps for managing a Server Core installation ...................................................... ................ .21


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Administering a Server Core installation ............................................................................ ........27

Prerequisites for administering a Server Core installation ............................................ ..........27

Known issues for administering a Server Core installation ................................................. ....27

Steps for administering a Server Core installation ................................................................ ..28

Configuration and installation ....................................................................................... .......28Networking and firewall............................................................................................ ...........31

Updates, error reporting, and feedback ................................................... ............... ............32

Services, processes, and performance ..................................................................... ..........33

Event logs ......................................................................................................... ............... ...34

Disk and file system ............................................................................................. ...............34

Hardware ..................................................................................................... .............. .........35

Logging bugs and feedback ................................................................................................... ....36

Additional references .................................................................................................... .............36

Appendix A: Sample Server Core installation - Unattend.xml....................................................38


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Server Core Installation Option of Windows

Server 2008 Step-By-Step GuideThis step-by-step guide provides instructions for building a server in your test lab that is based on

the Server Core installation option of the Windows Server 2008 operating system. It includes

information about installation, initial configuration, and managing a server that is running a Server

Core installation.

What is a Server Core installation?The Server Core installation option is a new option that you can use for installing Windows

Server 2008. A Server Core installation provides a minimal environment for running specific

server roles, which reduces the maintenance and management requirements and the attack

surface for those server roles. A server running a Server Core installation supports the following

server roles:

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS)

DHCP Server

DNS Server

File Services

Print Services

Streaming Media Services

Web Server (IIS)

To accomplish this, the Server Core installation option installs only the subset of the binary files

that are required by the supported server roles. For example, the Explorer shell is not installed as

part of a Server Core installation. Instead, the default user interface for a server running a Server

Core installation is the command prompt.

Whats new in the Server Core installation option?

The Server Core installation option of Windows Server 2008 requires initial configuration at a

command prompt. A Server Core installation does not include the traditional full graphical user

interface. Once you have configured the server, you can manage it locally at a command prompt

or remotely using a Terminal Server connection. You can also manage the server remotely using

the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) or command-line tools that support remote use.

Who should use this guide?

The target audience for the Server Core installation option of Windows Server 2008 includes:

IT planners and analysts who are technically evaluating the product.

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Enterprise IT planners and designers for organizations.

IT professionals who are managing the AD DS, AD LDS, DHCP Server, DNS Server,

File Services, Print Services, Streaming Media Services, and Web Server (IIS) roles.

Benefits of a Server Core installationThe Server Core installation option of Windows Server 2008 provides the following benefits:

Reduced maintenance. Because the Server Core installation option installs only

what is required to have a manageable server for the AD DS, AD LDS, DHCP Server,

DNS Server, File Services, Print Services, and Streaming Media Services roles, less

maintenance is required than on a full installation of Windows Server 2008.

Reduced attack surface. Because Server Core installations are minimal, there are

fewer applications running on the server, which decreases the attack surface.

Reduced management. Because fewer applications and services are installed on a

server running the Server Core installation, there is less to manage.

Less disk space required. A Server Core installation requires only about 1 gigabyte

(GB) of disk space to install and approximately 2 GB for operations after the installation.

In this guide

Deploying a Server Core installation: Overview

Configuring a Server Core installation: Overview

Installing a server role on a server running a Server Core installation: Overview

Installing Windows Features: Overview

Managing a Server Core installation: Overview

Administering a Server Core installation

Logging bugs and feedback

Additional references

Appendix A: Sample Server Core installation - Unattend.xml

Deploying a Server Core installation: OverviewIn this scenario, you will create a server running a Server Core installation. There are no special

settings or differences between installing Windows Server 2008 and a Server Core installation.

Prerequisites for deploying a Server Core installationTo complete this task, you will need the following:

The Windows Server 2008 installation media

A valid product key

A computer on which you can perform a clean Server Core installation

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Known issues for deploying a Server Core installation

There is no way to upgrade from a previous version of the Windows Server operating

system to a Server Core installation. Only a clean installation is supported.

There is no way to upgrade from a full installation of Windows Server 2008 to a

Server Core installation. Only a clean installation is supported.

There is no way to upgrade from a Server Core installation to a full installation of

Windows Server 2008. If you need the Windows user interface or a server role that is

not supported in a Server Core installation, you will need to install a full installation of

Windows Server 2008.

Steps for manually installing a Server Core installation

Follow this procedure to install a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008.

To install a Server Core installation

1. Insert the appropriate Windows Server 2008 installation media into your DVD

drive.

2. When the auto-run dialog box appears, click Install Now.

3. Follow the instructions on the screen to complete Setup.

4. After Setup completes, press CTRL+ALT+DELETE, click Other User, type

Administratorwith a blank password, and then press ENTER. You will be prompted

to set a password for the Administrator account.

Using an unattend file to install a Server Core installation

Using an unattend file for a Server Core installation enables you to perform most of the initialconfiguration tasks during Setup. Performing an unattended Server Core installation provides the

following benefits:

There is no need to perform the initial configuration by using command-line tools.

You can include the settings in the unattend file to enable remote administration

(when Setup is complete).

You can configure settings that cannot be easily modified at a command prompt,

such as display resolution.

To install a Server Core installation by using an unattend file

1. Create a .xml file titled Unattend.xml by using a text editor or Windows SystemImage Manager.

2. Copy the Unattend.xml file to a local drive or shared network resource.

3. Boot your computer to Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE),

Windows Server 2003, or Windows XP.

4. Insert the media disk with the Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008

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into your disk drive. If the auto-run Setup window appears, click Cancel.

5. At a command prompt, change to the drive that contains the installation media.

6. Type the following at a command prompt:

setup /unattend:\unattend.xml

wherepath is the path to your Unattend.xml file.

7. Allow Setup to complete.

Note

Appendix A of this document contains a sample unattend file with comments that

explain the settings in the sample configuration. This sample can be modified for

use in your environment.

Configuring a Server Core installation: Overview

Because a Server Core installation does not include the Windows user interface, there is no "out-of-box experience" to help you complete the server configuration. Instead you must manually

complete the configuration using the command-line tools as outlined in the following steps.

Note

You can use an unattended setup to configure these settings during installation. For more

information about unattended settings, see the Windows Automated Installation Kit

(Windows AIK) (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=81030).

Administrative credentials

If you are going to join a server running a Server Core installation to an existing Windows domain,

you need a user name and password for an account that has the administrative credentials to join

a computer to the domain.

Known issues for configuring a Server Core installation

If you close all command prompts, you will have no way to manage the Server Core

installation. To recover, you can press CTRL+ALT+DELETE, click Start Task Manager,

click File, click Run, and type cmd.exe. Alternatively, you can log off and log back on

again.

Because there is no Web browser, you cannot activate a Server Core installation or

access the Internet through a firewall that requires users to log on.

Steps for configuring a Server Core installation

The following procedures explain how to configure a computer running a Server Core installation.

The steps include:

Setting the administrative password

Setting a static IP address

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Note

A DHCP address is provided by default. You should perform this procedure only if you

need to set a static IP address.

Joining a domain

Activating the server

Configuring the firewall

To set the administrative password

1. When your computer starts for the first time after the installation completes, press

CTRL+ALT+DELETE. Type Administrator for the user name and leave the

password blank.

2. The system will inform you that the password has expired and will prompt you to

enter a new password.

3. Type an appropriate password.

To set a static IP address

1. At a command prompt, type the following:

netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces

2. Make a note of the number shown in the Idx column of the output for your

network adapter. If your computer has more than one network adapter, make a note

of the number corresponding to the network adapter for which you wish to set a static

IP address.

3. At the command prompt, type:

netsh interface ipv4 set address name="" source=static address=mask= gateway=

Where:

ID is the number from step 2 above

StaticIPis the static IP address that you are setting

SubnetMaskis the subnet mask for the IP address

DefaultGatewayis the default gateway


netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name="" address=index=1

Where:

ID is the number from step 2 above

DNSIPis the IP address of your DNS server

5. Repeat step 4 for each DNS server that you want to set, incrementing the index=

number each time.

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Notes

If you set the static IP address on the wrong network adapter, you can

change back to using the DHCP address supplied by using the following

command:

netsh interface ipv4 set address name="" source=dhcp

where ID is the number of the network adapter from Step 2.

To join a domain

1. At a command prompt, type:

netdom join /domain: /userd:

/password:*

Where:

ComputerName is the name of the server that is running the Server Core installation.

DomainName is the name of the domain to join.

UserName is a domain user account with permission to join the domain.

2. When prompted to enter the password, type the password for the domain user

account specified by UserName.

3. If you need to add a domain user account to the local Administrators group, type

the following command:

net localgroup administrators /add \

4. Restart the computer. You can do this by typing the following at a command

prompt:

shutdown /r /t 0

To rename the server

1. Determine the current name of the server with the hostname oripconfig

command.


netdom renamecomputer/NewName:

3. Restart the computer.

To activate the server

At a command prompt, type:slmgr.vbs -ato

If activation is successful, no message will return in the command prompt.

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Notes

You can also activate by phone, using a Key Management Service (KMS)

server, or remotely by typing the following command at a command prompt of a

computer that is running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008:

cscript windows\system32\slmgr.vbs :-ato

To configure the firewall

Use the netsh advfirewall command. For example, to enable remote

management from any MMC snap-in, type the following:

netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="Remote Administration" new enable=yes

Notes

You can also use the Windows Firewall snap-in from a computer running

Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 to remotely manage the firewall on aserver running a Server Core installation. To do this, you must first enable remote

management of the firewall by running the following command on the computer

running a Server Core installation:

netsh advfirewall set currentprofile settings remotemanagement enable

Installing a server role on a server running ServerCore installation: OverviewAfter the Server Core installation is complete and the server is configured, you can install one or

more server roles. The Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 supports the following

server roles:

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS)

DHCP Server

DNS Server

File Services

Print Services

Streaming Media Services

Web Server (IIS)

More information about the command-line tools for configuring the server roles is available in the

Additional references section at the end of this guide.

Note

This section includes a procedure for each server role in the previous list. You need to

complete the procedure(s) for only the server roles that you want to install.

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Prerequisites for installing a server role on a server runningServer Core installation

To complete this task, you need the following:

A computer on which you have installed and configured a Server Core installation of


An administrator user account and password for the server running the Server Core

installation.

If installing and configuring a print server, another computer running Windows Vista

or Windows Server 2008 on which you can run the Print Management Console to

remotely configure the print server.

If installing and configuring a DHCP server, the information required to configure a

DHCP scope.

If installing and configuring a DHCP server, you must configure the server running the

Server Core installation to use a static IP address.

If installing and configuring a DNS server, the information required to configure a

DNS zone.

If installing and configuring an Active Directory environment, the information required

to either join an existing domain or to create a new domain.

If you are going to promote the server running the Server Core installation to be a

domain controller in an Active Directory domain, a domain administrator user name and

password.

Known issues for installing a server role on a Server Core

installation You cannot use the Active Directory Domain Controller Installation Wizard

(Dcpromo.exe) on a server running Server Core installation. You must use an unattend

file with Dcpromo.exe to install or remove the domain controller role.

Alternately, you can run Dcpromo.exe on another computer running Windows Server 2008

and use the wizard to save an unattend file that you can then use on the server running

Server Core installation.

Dcpromo.exe will restart the computer immediately when the installation is complete

or when Active Directory is removed unless RebootOnCompletion=No is included in the

answer file.

The Web Server (IIS) role does not support ASP.NET in Server Core installations.

Because there is no support for managed code, the following IIS features are not

available in Server Core installations:

IIS-ASPNET

IIS-NetFxExtensibility

IIS-ManagementConsole

IIS-ManagementService

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IIS-LegacySnapIn

IIS-FTPManagement

WAS-NetFxEnvironment

WAS-ConfigurationAPI

Steps for installing a server role on a Server Core installation

To install a server role on a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008, perform the

procedure for the desired role as follows.

Note

Ocsetup.exe syntax is case sensitive so be sure to follow the examples explicitly.

Available server roles

To discover the available server roles, open a command prompt and type the following:

oclist

This command lists the server roles and optional features that are available for use with

Ocsetup.exe. It also lists the server roles and optional features that are currently installed.

DNS Server role

To install the DNS Server role


start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role

Note

Using/w prevents the command prompt from returning until the installation

completes. Without/w, there is no indication that the installation completed.

2. Configure a DNS zone at the command prompt by typing dnscmd or by remotely

using the DNS MMC snap-in.

Note

Typing start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role /uninstall at the command prompt will

uninstall the DNS Server role.

DHCP Server role

To install the DHCP Server role


start /w ocsetup DHCPServerCore

2. Configure a DHCP scope at the command prompt by using netsh, or by remotely

using the DHCP snap-in from Windows Server 2008.

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3. If the DHCP server is installed in an Active Directory domain, you must authorize

it in Active Directory.

The DHCP Server service does not start automatically by default. Use the following procedure to

configure it to start automatically and to start the service for the first time.

To configure and start the DHCP Server service


sc config dhcpserver start= auto

2. Start the service by typing:

net start dhcpserver

Note

Typing start /w ocsetup DHCPServerCore /uninstall at the command prompt will

uninstall the DHCP Server role.

File Services role

The Server service is installed by default to provide administrative share support for management

tools. To install additional file server features use the following commands:

To install File Services role features

For File Replication Service, type the following at a command prompt:

start /w ocsetup FRS-Infrastructure

For Distributed File System service, type:

start /w ocsetup DFSN-Server For Distributed File System Replication, type:

start /w ocsetup DFSR-Infrastructure-ServerEdition

For Services for Network File System (NFS), type:

start /w ocsetup ServerForNFS-Base

start /w ocsetup ClientForNFS-Base

Note

Uninstall any file server role options by using these commands with the/uninstall option.

Print Services role

To install Print Services role features

For the Print Server feature, type the following at a command prompt:

start /w ocsetup Printing-ServerCore-Role

For the Line Printer Daemon (LPD) service, type:

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start /w ocsetup Printing-LPDPrintService

To add a printer to the print server

1. Determine the IP address or host name of the printer. This may be on the

printer's test or printer configuration page or you might need to refer to the

manufacturer's documentation for instructions.

2. Verify that the print server can communicate with the printer through the network

by pinging the printer from the print server.

3. On another computer running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008, open the

Print Management console and add the server running the Server Core installation.

4. Expand the entry for the print server running a Server Core installation, right-click

Drivers, and then click Add Driver. The Add Printer Driver Wizard starts.

5. Complete the wizard to install the printer driver for your printer.

6. In the Print Management console, right-click Printers and then click Add Printer.

The Network Printer Installation Wizard starts.

7. Click Add a TCP/IP or Web Services printer by IP address or hostname and

then click Next.

8. Enter the printer's host name or IP address (the port name will be the same by

default), and then click Next.

9. Make any necessary changes to the printer name, contact information, or sharing

status, and then click Next.

Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services role

To install the AD LDS role

At a command prompt, type:

start /w ocsetup DirectoryServices-ADAM-ServerCore

Notes

Uninstall the AD LDS role by typing the following at a command prompt:

start /w ocsetup DirectoryServices-ADAM-ServerCore /uninstall

Active Directory Domain Services role

This command installs the Active Directory Domain Services role and promotes the server to adomain controller by using the settings in the unattend file.

For links to information about using an unattend file with Dcpromo.exe, see theAdditional

References section at the end of this document.

To install the Active Directory Domain Services role


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dcpromo /unattend:

Where unattendfile is the name of a Dcpromo.exe unattend file.

Note

Dcpromo.exe can also be used to demote a domain controller to a server.

Streaming Media Services role

To install the Streaming Media Services role

1. On another computer, download the Streaming Media Services role installer file

from article 934518 in the Microsoft Knowledge Base

(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=88046).

2. Copy the appropriate Microsoft Update Standalone package (.msu file) to your


3. Run the .msu file.


start /w ocsetup MediaServer

5. On a different computer, use the Streaming Media Services MMC snap-in to

remotely configure Streaming Media Services.

Web Server (IIS) role

To install the Web Server role

1. For the default installation, type the following at a command prompt and press

ENTER:

start /w pkgmgr /iu:IIS-WebServerRole;WAS-WindowsActivationService;WAS-

ProcessModel

2. For an installation that includes all of the options, type the following at a

command prompt and press ENTER:

start /w pkgmgr /iu:IIS-WebServerRole;IIS-WebServer;IIS-CommonHttpFeatures;IIS-

StaticContent;IIS-DefaultDocument;IIS-DirectoryBrowsing;IIS-HttpErrors;IIS-

HttpRedirect;IIS-ApplicationDevelopment;IIS-ASP;IIS-CGI;IIS-ISAPIExtensions;IIS-

ISAPIFilter;IIS-ServerSideIncludes;IIS-HealthAndDiagnostics;IIS-HttpLogging;IIS-

LoggingLibraries;IIS-RequestMonitor;IIS-HttpTracing;IIS-CustomLogging;IIS-

ODBCLogging;IIS-Security;IIS-BasicAuthentication;IIS-WindowsAuthentication;IIS-

DigestAuthentication;IIS-ClientCertificateMappingAuthentication;IIS-

IISCertificateMappingAuthentication;IIS-URLAuthorization;IIS-RequestFiltering;IIS-

IPSecurity;IIS-Performance;IIS-HttpCompressionStatic;IIS-

HttpCompressionDynamic;IIS-WebServerManagementTools;IIS-

ManagementScriptingTools;IIS-IIS6ManagementCompatibility;IIS-Metabase;IIS-

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WMICompatibility;IIS-LegacyScripts;IIS-FTPPublishingService;IIS-FTPServer;WAS-

WindowsActivationService;WAS-ProcessModel

Notes

To uninstall the Web Server (IIS) role, use the following command: start /w pkgmgr /uu:IIS-WebServerRole;WAS-

WindowsActivationService;WAS-ProcessModel

Installing Windows Features: OverviewAfter the Server Core installation is complete and the server is configured, you can install one or

more optional features. The Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 supports the

following optional features:

Failover Clustering

Network Load Balancing

Subsystem for UNIX-based applications

Backup

Multipath IO

Removable Storage

Bitlocker Drive Encryption

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

Telnet client

The following procedure describes how to install these features on a server running a Server

Core installation.

Note

Failover Clustering is not available in Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition.

Prerequisites for installing an optional feature on a serverrunning a Server Core installation

The following optional features require appropriate hardware:

Failover Clustering

Network Load Balancing

Multipath IO

Removable Storage

Bitlocker Drive Encryption

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Note

For more information about the hardware that is required for optional features, see the

Additional References section at the end of this document.

There are no prerequisites for the following optional features:

Subsystem for UNIX-based applications

Backup

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

Telnet client

Known issues for installing an optional feature on a serverrunning a Server Core installation

There are no known issues for installing an optional feature on a Server Core installation of


Steps for installing an optional feature on a server running aServer Core installation

To install an optional feature on a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008, perform the

following procedure.

Note

The Ocsetup.exe syntax is case sensitive so be sure to follow the examples explicitly.

Available optional featuresTo discover the available optional features, open a command prompt and type the following:

Oclist

This command lists the server roles and optional features that are available for use with

Ocsetup.exe. It also lists the server roles and optional features that are currently installed.

To install an optional feature


start /w ocsetup

Where featurename is the name of a feature from the following list:

Failover Clustering: FailoverCluster-Core

Network Load Balancing: NetworkLoadBalancingHeadlessServer

Subsystem for UNIX-based applications: SUACore

Multipath IO: MultipathIo

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Removable Storage: Microsoft-Windows-

RemovableStorageManagementCore

Bitlocker Drive Encryption: BitLocker

Notes

To install the remote administration tool for BitLocker, type the following at a command

prompt:

start /w ocsetup BitLocker-RemoteAdminTool

Backup: WindowsServerBackup

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): SNMP-SC

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS): WINS-SC

Telnet client: TelnetClient

Note

To remove an optional feature, use start /w ocsetup with the appropriate role name andthe/uninstall switch.

Managing a Server Core installation: OverviewYou can manage a server running Server Core installation in the following ways:

Locally and remotely using a command prompt. By using the Windows

command-line tools at a command prompt, you can manage servers running a Server

Core installation.

Remotely using Terminal Server. By using another computer running Windows, you

can use the Terminal Server client to connect to a server running a Server Core

installation, and manage it remotely. The shell in the Terminal Server session will be the

command prompt.

Remotely using Windows Remote Shell. By using another computer running

Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008, you can use Windows Remote Shell to run

command-line tools and scripts on a server running a Server Core installation.

Remotely using an MMC snap-in. By using an MMC snap-in from a computer

running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008, you can connect to a server running

Server Core installation in the same way that you would connect to any computer running

Windows.

Prerequisites for managing a server running Server Coreinstallation

To manage a server running Server Core installation, you need:

A computer that has a Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008 installed and

configured.

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An administrator user account and password for a server running a Server Core

installation.

Known issues for managing a server running a Server Core

installation Not all tasks can be performed at a command prompt or remotely through an MMC

snap-in. There is a script included with the Server Core installation of Windows

Server 2008 that you can use to configure the following settings:

Enable automatic updates

Enable Remote Desktop for Administration

Enable Terminal Server clients on previous versions of Windows to connect

to a server running a Server Core installation

Configure DNS SRV record weight and priority

Manage IPsec Monitor remotely

The script is located in the \Windows\System32 folder of a server running a Server Core

installation. At a command prompt, open the folder, and then use the following command to

display the usage instructions for the previous options:

cscript scregedit.wsf /?

Note

You can use this command with the/cli option to display a list of common command-line

tools and their usage.

If you close all Command Prompt windows and want to open a new Command

Prompt window, press CTRL+ALT+DELETE, click Start Task Manager, click File, click

Run, and then type cmd.exe. Alternatively, you can log off and log back on.

Any command or tool that attempts to launch Windows Explorer will not work. For

example, start . used from a command prompt will not work.

TheRunonce feature is not supported in Server Core installations.

There is no support for HTML rendering or HTML help in Server Core installations.

Server Core installations do not support running managed code. Any management

tools and utilities that run locally on a server running a Server Core installation must be

written in native Win32 code.

Server Core installations do not generate any notifications for activation, new

updates, or password expiration because these notifications require the Windows

Explorer shell, which is not part of the Server Core installation.

If you need to write a script for managing a server running a Server Core installation,

which requires the secure inclusion of an administrative password, see the scripting

column on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=56421).

Server Core installations support Windows Installer in quiet mode so that you can

install tools and utilities from Windows Installer files.

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Windows Firewall can be configured at a command prompt by using netsh

advfirewall.

When installing Windows Installer packages on a server running a Server Core

installation, use the/qb option to display the basic user interface.

To change the time zone on a computer running a Server Core installation ofWindows Server 2008, run control timedate.cpl.

To change international settings on a computer running a Server Core installation of

Windows Server 2008, run control intl.cpl.

To use the Disk Management MMC snap-in remotely, start the Virtual Disk Service on

a server running a Server Core installation. To do this, type the following at a command

prompt:

net start VDS

Control.exe will not run on its own. You must run it with either Timedate.cpl or Intl.cpl.

Winver.exe is not available in Server Core installations. To obtain version information

use Systeminfo.exe.

Steps for managing a Server Core installation

The following procedures explain methods for managing a server running a Server Core

installation, including:

Managing a server running a Server Core installation locally at a command prompt

Managing a server running a Server Core installation remotely at a command prompt

Managing a server running a Server Core installation by using Windows Remote

Shell

Managing a server running a Server Core installation by using MicrosoftManagement Console (MMC)

Adding hardware to a server running a Server Core installation

Obtaining a list of drivers installed on a server running a Server Core installation

Installing the DNS server role

To manage a server running a Server Core installation locally at a command prompt

1. Start a server running a Server Core installation.

2. Log on using an administrator account.

3. At the command prompt, use the appropriate command-line tool for the task you

want to complete.

Notes

For more information about command-line tools, see "Steps for administering

a Server Core installation" later in this document.

You can find further information at the Command-Line Reference A-Z ().

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To manage a server running a Server Core installation by using a terminal server

1. On the server running a Server Core installation, type the following command at

a command prompt:

cscript C:\Windows\System32\ Scregedit.wsf /ar 0

This enables the Remote Desktop for Administration mode to accept connections.

2. On another computer, click Start, click Run, type mstsc, and then click OK.

3. In Computer, enter the name of the server running a Server Core installation,

and click Connect.

4. Log on using an administrator account.

5. When the command prompt appears, you can manage the computer using the

Windows command-line tools.

6. When you have finished remotely managing the computer, type logoffin the

command prompt to end your Terminal Server session.

Notes

If you are running the Terminal Services client on a previous version of

Windows, you must turn off the higher security level that is set by default in

Windows Server 2008. To do this, after step 1, type the following command at the

command prompt:

cscript C:\Windows\System32\Scregedit.wsf /cs 0

Notes

For more information about command-line tools, see "Steps for administering

a Server Core installation" later in this document.

You can find further information at the Command-Line Reference A-Z ().Often it is useful to run Cmd.exe in a Command Prompt window on your local computer, rather

than in the Terminal Services client. To do this, you need a standard Windows Server 2008

installation and the latest Terminal Services client.

To use TS RemoteApp to publish Cmd.exe to your local computer

1. Add the Terminal Services role to the computer running Windows Server 2008

using Server Manager.

2. Start MMC on the computer running Windows Server 2008, add the TS

RemoteApp Manager snap-in, and then connect the snap-in to a server running a


3. In the Results pane of the snap-in, click RemoteApp Programs, and then

navigate to \\\c$\windows\system32\cmd.exe (where ServerName is

the name of the server running a Server Core installation).

4. In the Allow list, click Remote cmd.exe, and then click Create RDP package.

5. Connect to the server running a Server Core installation by using the Remote

Desktop Protocol package.

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To manage a server running a Server Core installation by using the Windows RemoteShell

1. To enable Windows Remote Shell on a server running a Server Core installation,type the following command at a command prompt:

WinRM quickconfig

2. On another computer, at a command prompt, use WinRS.exe to run commands

on a server running a Server Core installation. For example, to perform a directory

listing of the Windows folder, type:

winrs -r: dir c:\windows

Where:

ServerName is the name of the server running a Server Core installation.

Note

The WinRM quickconfig setting enables a server running a Server Core installation to

accept Windows Remote Shell connections. This setting can also be set in an unattend

file. See the example in Appendix A at the end of this document.

Important

For more information about using different security credentials to run

commands, see the command-line help for WinRS.exe by typing winrs -? at a

command prompt.

To manage a server that is running a Server Core installation and is a domain memberusing an MMC snap-in

1. Start an MMC snap-in, such as Computer Management.

2. In the left pane, right-click the top of the tree and click Connect to another

computer. (In the Computer Management example, you would right-click

Computer Management (Local).)

3. In Another computer, type the computer name of the server running a Server

Core installation and click OK.

4. You can now use the MMC snap-in to manage the server running a Server Core

installation as you would any other computer running a Windows Server operating

system.

To manage a server that is running a Server Core installation and is not a domainmember using an MMC snap-in

1. If the server running a Server Core installation is not a member of a domain,

establish alternate credentials to use to connect to the Server Core installation by

typing the following command at a command prompt on your client computer:

cmdkey /add: /user: /pass:

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Where:

ServerName is the name of the server running a Server Core installation.

UserName is the name of an administrator account.

To be prompted for a password, omit the/pass option.

2. When prompted, type the password for the user name that is specified in the

previous step.

3. If the firewall on the computer running a Server Core installation is not already

configured to allow MMC snap-ins to connect, follow the steps in "To configure

Windows Firewall to allow MMC snap-in(s) to connect." Then return to this procedure.

4. On a different computer, start an MMC snap-in, such as Computer Management.

5. In the left pane, right-click the top of the tree and click Connect to another

computer. (In the Computer Management example, you would right-click

Computer Management (Local).)

6. In Another computer, type the computer name of the server running a ServerCore installation and click OK.

7. You can now use the MMC snap-in to manage the server running a Server Core

installation as you would any other computer running a Windows Server operating

system.

To configure Windows Firewall to allow MMC snap-in(s) to connect

To allow all MMC snap-ins to connect, at a command prompt, type:

Netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group=remote administration new enable=yes

To allow only specific MMC snap-ins to connect, at a command prompt, type:

Netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group= new enable=yes

Where:

Rulegroup is one of the values from the table below, depending on which snap-in you

want to connect.

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MMC snap-in

Rule group

Event ViewerRemote Event Log Management

Services

Remote Services Management

Shared Folders

File and Printer Sharing

Task SchedulerRemote Scheduled Tasks Management

Reliability and Performance

Performance Logs and Alerts

File and Printer Sharing

Disk Management

Remote Volume Management

Windows Firewall with Advanced Security

Windows Firewall Remote Management

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Notes

Some MMC snap-ins do not have a corresponding rule group that allows

them to connect through the firewall. However, enabling the rule groups for Event

Viewer, Services, or Shared Folders will allow most other snap-ins to connect.

Additionally, certain snap-ins require further configuration before they canconnect through the firewall:

Device Manager. You must first enable the Allow remote access to the PnP

interface policy setting. To do this, on a computer running Windows Vista or a full

installation of Windows Server 2008, open the Local Group Policy Editor MMC snap-in,

connect to the computer running a Server Core installation, navigate to Computer

Configuration\Administrative Templates\Device Installation, and then enable Allow

remote access to the PnP interface. Restart the computer running a Server Core

installation.

Note that when Device Manager is used remotely, it is read-only.

Disk Management. You must first start the Virtual Disk Service (VDS) on the

computer running a Server Core installation.

IP Security Monitor. You must first enable remote management of this snap-in. To

do this, at a command prompt, type:

Cscript \windows\system32\scregedit.wsf /im 1

Reliability and Performance. The snap-in does not require any further

configuration, but when you use it to monitor a computer running a Server Core

installation, you can only monitor performance data. Reliability data is not available.

To add hardware to a server running a Server Core installation

1. Follow the instructions provided by the hardware vendor for installing newhardware:

If the driver for the hardware is included in Windows Server 2008, Plug

and Play will start and install the driver.

If the driver for the hardware is not included, proceed with the steps 2

and 3.

2. Copy the driver files to a temporary folder on the server running a Server Core

installation.

3. At a command prompt, open the folder where the driver files are located, and

then run the following command:

pnputil -i -a

Where:

driverinfis the file name of the .inf file for the driver.

4. If prompted, restart the computer.

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To obtain a list of drivers that are installed on the server running a Server Coreinstallation


sc query type= driver

Note

You must include the space after the equal sign for the command to complete

successfully.

To disable a device driver on a server running a Server Core installation


sc delete

Where:

service_name is the name of the service that you obtain by running sc query type=

driver.

Administering a Server Core installationThis section focuses on common administrative tasks that are performed locally or remotely from

a command prompt. The commands are grouped into the following sections:

Configuration and installation

Networking and firewall

Updates and error reporting

Services, processes and performance

Event logs

Disk and file system

Hardware

Remote administration

Prerequisites for administering a Server Core installation

To complete this task, you need:

A computer on which you have installed and configured a Server Core installation of

Windows Server 2008

An administrator user account and password for the server running a Server Coreinstallation

Known issues for administering a Server Core installation

Server Core installation supports Windows Installer in quiet mode so that you can

install tools and utilities from Windows Installer files.

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To use the Disk Management MMC snap-in remotely, start the Virtual Disk Service on

a server running a Server Core installation. To do this, type the following at a command

prompt:

net start VDS

If you need to write a script for managing a server running a Server Core installation,which requires the secure inclusion of an administrative password, see the scripting

column on Microsoft TechNet (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=56421).

Steps for administering a Server Core installation

The following procedures summarize common administrator tasks for a server running a Server

Core installation.

Configuration and installation

Task Steps

Set the local administrative password At a command prompt, type:

net user administrator *

Join a computer to a domain 1. At a command prompt, type on one line:

netdom join %computername%

/domain:

/userd:\username> /password:*


Confirm that the domain has changed At a command prompt, type:

set

Remove a computer from a domain At a command prompt, type:

netdom remove

Add a user to the local Administrators

group.


net localgroup Administrators /add

\

Remove a user from the local

Administrators group


net localgroup Administrators /delete

Add a user to the local computer At a command prompt, type:

net user /add *

Add a group to the local computer At a command prompt, type:

net localgroup /add

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Task Steps

Change the name of a domain-joined

computer


netdom renamecomputer %computername%

/NewName:

/userd: /password:*

Confirm the new computer name At a command prompt, type:

set

Change the name of a computer in a work

group


netdom renamecomputer

/NewName:


Disable paging file management At a command prompt, type:wmic computersystem where

name="" set

AutomaticManagedPagefile=False

Configure the paging file At a command prompt, type:

wmic pagefileset where name=

set

InitialSize=,MaximumSize=

Where:

path/filename is the path to and name of the paging

file

initialsize is the starting size of the paging file in

bytes.

maxsize is the maximum size of the page file in

bytes.

Change to a static IP address. 1. At a command prompt, type:

ipconfig /all

2. Record the relevant information or

redirect it to a text file (ipconfig /all

>ipconfig.txt).


netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces

4. Verify that there is an interface list.


netsh interface ipv4 set address name


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Task Steps

from interface list> source=static

address=

gateway=

6. Verify by typing ipconfig /all at a

command prompt and checking that DHCP

enabled is set to No.

Set a static DNS address. 1. At a command prompt, type:

netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver

name=

address= index=1


netsh interface ipv4 add dnsservername=

address= index=2

3. Repeat as appropriate to add additional

servers.

4. Verify by typing ipconfig /all and

checking that all the addresses are correct.

Change to a DHCP-provided IP address

from a static IP address.


netsh interface ipv4 set address name= source=DHCP

2. Verify by typing Ipconfig /all and

checking that DCHP enabled is set toYes.

Activate the server locally. At a command prompt, type:

slmgr.vbs -ato

Activate the server remotely. 1. At a command prompt, type:

cscript slmgr.vbs -ato

2. Retrieve the GUID of the computer by

typing cscript slmgr.vbs -did3. Type cscript slmgr.vbs -dli

4. Verify that License status is set to

Licensed (activated).

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Note

If Slmgr.vbs fails to activate the computer, the resulting error message advises you to run

Slui.exe, along with the error code for more information. Slui.exe is not included in Server

Core installationsit is available in Windows Vista and full installations of Windows

Server 2008.

Networking and firewall

Task Steps

Configure your server to use a proxy server. At a command prompt, type:

netsh Winhttp set proxy :

Note

Server Core installations cannot accessthe Internet through a proxy that

requires a password to allow

connections.

Configure your server to bypass the proxy for

internet addresses.


netsh winttp set proxy :bypass-list=""

Display or modify IPSEC configuration. At a command prompt, type:

netsh ipsec

Display or modify NAP configuration. At a command prompt, type:

netsh nap

Display or modify IP to physical address

translation.


arp

Display or configure the local routing table. At a command prompt, type:

route

View or configure DNS server settings. At a command prompt, type:

nslookup

Display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP

network connections.


netstat

Display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP

connections using NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT).


nbtstat

Display hops for network connections. At a command prompt, type:

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Task Steps

pathping

Trace hops for network connections. At a command prompt, type:

tracert

Display the configuration of the multicast router. At a command prompt, type:

mrinfo

Enable remote administration of the firewall. At a command prompt, type:

netsh advfirewall firewall set rule

group=Windows Firewall Remote

Management new enable=yes

Updates, error reporting, and feedback

Task Steps

Install an update. At a command prompt, type:

wusa .msu /quiet

List installed updates At a command prompt, type:

systeminfo

Remove an update. 1. Type at a command prompt:

expand /f:* .msu c:\test

2. Navigate to c:\test\ and open.xml in a text editor.

3. In .xml, replace Install

with Remove and save the file.


pkgmgr /n:.xml

Configure automatic updates. At a command prompt:

To verify the current setting, type:

cscript scregedit.wsf /AU /v

To enable automatic updates, type:

cscript scregedit.wsf /AU /4

To disable automatic updates, type:

cscript scregedit.wsf /AU /1

Enable error reporting. At a command prompt:


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Task Steps

serverWerOptin /query

To automatically send detailed

reports, type:

serverWerOptin /detailed

To automatically send summary

reports, type:

serverWerOptin /summary

To disable error reporting, type:

serverWerOptin /disable

Participate in the Customer Experience

Improvement Program (CEIP).

At a command prompt:


serverCEIPOptin /query

To enable CEIP, type:

serverCEIPOptin /enable

To disable CEIP, type:

serverCEIPOptin /disable

Services, processes, and performance

Task Steps

List the running services. At a command prompt, type either of thefollowing:

sc query

net start

Start a service. At a command prompt, type either of the

following:

sc start

net start

Stop a service. At a command prompt, type either of the

following:

sc stop

net stop

Retrieve a list of running applications and

associated processes.


tasklist

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Task Steps

Stop a process forcibly. 1. Use the tasklist command to

retrieve the process ID (PID).


taskkill /PID

Start Task Manager. At a command prompt, type:

taskmgr

Manage the performance counters and logging

with commands such as typeperf, logman,

relog, tracerprt.

See

http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=84872

Event logs

Task Steps

List event logs. At a command prompt, type:

wevtutil el

Query events in a specified log. At a command prompt, type:

wevtutil qe /f:text

Export an event log. At a command prompt, type:

wevtutil epl

Clear an event log. At a command prompt, type:wevtutil cl

Disk and file system

Task Steps

Manage disk partitions. For a complete list of commands, at a

command prompt, type:

diskpart /?

Manage software RAID. For a complete list of commands, at a


diskraid /?

Manage volume mount points. For a complete list of commands, at a


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Task Steps

mountvol /?

Defragment a volume. For a complete list of commands, at a

command prompt, type:defrag /?

Convert a volume to the NTFS file system. At a command prompt, type:

convert /FS:NTFS

Compact a file. For a complete list of commands, at a


compact /?

Administer open files. For a complete list of commands, at a


openfiles /?

Administer VSS folders. For a complete list of commands, at a


vssadmin /?

Administer the file system. For a complete list of commands, at a


fsutil /?

Verify a file signature. At a command prompt, type:

sigverif /?

Take ownership of a file or folder. For a complete list of commands, at a


icacls /?

Hardware

Task Steps

Add a driver for a new hardware device. 1. Copy the driver to a folder at

%homedrive%\.2. At a command prompt, type:

pnputil -i -a %homedrive%\\.inf

Remove a driver for a hardware device. 1. For a list of loaded drivers, at a


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Task Steps

sc query type= driver


sc delete

Logging bugs and feedbackYour feedback is important to help us improve the Server Core installation option of Windows

Server 2008 in future releases of Windows Server 2008. Please provide feedback regarding:

Your experience using the Server Core installation of Windows Server 2008,

including issues that you encounter and whether this document was helpful.

Feature requests and general feedback about the Server Core installation of


Feedback about this step-by-step guide. To provide feedback about this guide, follow

the instructions on the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=55105).

Note that in the comment area on the Web site, you need to provide the name of this

step-by-step guide.

Additional referencesThe following resources provide additional information about the Server Core installation of

Windows Server 2008:

If you need product support, see the Microsoft Connect Web site

(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=49779) To access newsgroups for Server Core installation, follow the instructions that are

provided on the Microsoft Connect Web site

(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=50067).

If you are a beta tester and part of the special Technology Adoption Program (TAP)

beta program, you can contact your appointed Microsoft development team member for

assistance.

The following resources provide additional information about some of the commands that are

used to install and configure Server Core installations and server roles:

Active Directory

Windows Server 2003 Active Directory

(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=19802)

Backup

Backing Up and Recovering Data


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BitLocker Drive Encryption

BitLocker Drive Encryption Overview


Failover Clustering

Clustering Services


Dcpromo unattend files

Performing an Unattended Installation of Active Directory

(http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=49661)

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=56423)

DfscmdDfscmd Overview


Distributed File System

Distributed File System (DFS)


Distributed File System Replication

Distributed File System Replication


DNS

Windows Server 2003 Domain Name System (DNS)


Dnscmd

Dnscmd Overview


Dnscmd Syntax


Dnscmd Examples


File Replication Service

What is FRS?


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File Server

File and Storage Services


Multipath I/O

Microsoft Storage Technologies: Multipath I/O


Netsh

Netsh Overview


Network File System

Performance Tuning Guidelines for Services for Network File System


Removable Storage

Removable Storage


Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications

Welcome to Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications


Appendix A: Sample Server Core installation -Unattend.xmlCopy this sample code into a text editor and save it as Unattend.xml.

Note

See the unattend file documentation for more information about unattend file settings.

Windows System Image Manager, which is provided as part of the Windows Automated

Installation Kit, provides an excellent environment for authoring unattend files.

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true

MyFullName

MyOrganizationName

OnError

Sensitive*Data*Deleted

Never

0

1

/IMAGE/Name

Windows Longhorn Server%SKU%core. This example is for the Standard edition -->

Windows Longhorn SERVERSTANDARDCORE

MyCompName

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0

false

true

UserDomain

UserName

UserPassword

DomainToBeJoined

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1024

768

16

DOMAIN

TestAccount1

Administrators

Note

For , if you use * the name will be randomly generated.

server core installation option of2008

Documents