Chapter B

Year

(Series B

UnitedStates,

midyearpopulation

B 1-220. General note.Vital statistics, including statistics of births, deaths, marriages,

and divorces, are compiled for the country as a whole by the NationalCenter for Health Statistics, successor in recent years to the formerNational Office of Vital Statistics. Beginning 1900, the collection of these data was responsibility of the Bureau of the Census. InJuly 1946, this function was transferred to the Federal SecurityAgency, which, in 1953, was reconstituted as the Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare. The National Center for HealthStatistics is a part of the Public Health Service in that Department.

The live-birth, death, and fetal-death statistics prepared by theNational Center for Health Statistics are based on copies ofrecords received from registration offices of all States, of certain cities,

District of Columbia. Marriage and divorce statisticsare based on information from two sources: (1) Complete counts ofevents obtained from all States and the District of Columbia and (2)samples of marriage and divorce certificates obtained from Statesmeeting certain reporting criteria. In the statistical tabulations, United Stales refers only to the aggregate of the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia. Alaska has been included in the United Statestotals since and Hawaii since 1960.

The annual report, Vital Statistics of the United Stales, presentsfinal figures and an annual life table. A series of national summariesVital Statistics-Special Reports containing data on particular subjects was issued each year from 1934 to 1959. This series was supersededby Vital and Health Statistics, Series 20, 21, and 22.

Although every State has adopted a law requiring the registrationof births, deaths, and fetal deaths, these laws are not uniformly ob-served. One condition for admission to the national registration areas was a demonstration of registration completeness of a t least 90percent. On the basis of this criterion, all of the States were ad-mitted t o both the birth- and death-registration areas by 1933. It isrecognized, however, that the methods then used in testing complete-ness were subject to considerable error.

The annual collection of mortality statistics for the nationalregistration area began in 1900 with 10 registration States and the District of Columbia; the collection of birth statistics for the nationalbirth-registration area began in 1915, with 10 States and theDistrict of Columbia. The changing composition of the two regis-tration areas makes it impossible to obtain geographically comparablebirth and death data for the entire United States before 1933. Al-though the national birth-registration area was not started until1915, annual estimates of births have been prepared for the period1909-34. These estimates include adjustments for underregistrationand for States not in the birth-registration area before 1933. Begin-ning 1933, the birth- and death-registration areas have comprised theentire United States, including Alaska beginning 1959 and Hawaiibeginning 1960. National statistics on fetal deaths were compiled for 1918 and since 1922.

Prior to 1951, birth statistics were the result of a complete countof the records received in the Public Health Service. Since 1951,they have been based on a 50-percent sample of all registered births(except for 1955 when they reverted to a complete count and for 1967when they were based on a 20-50 percent sample).

Mortality statistics are compiled in accordance with World Organization regulations, which specify that member nations classifycauses of death according t o the International Statistical Classification

44

1929...

1926...

1926...1924...19231922...

1918...1917...1916...1915...1913...

1910...1909...1908...1901906

1905...1904...1903...1901...1900...

Growth of Birth- and Death-Registration Area: 1900 to 1933

077121 ‘770

119117,399

115,832114,113111,950110,055108,541

106,466104,512103 203103’266

100 649

97,227

92,40790,49288,70987,00085,487

85,82082 16580’632

77,58576,094

95

Center-

1,000

1933... 125,679124.840

1931... 124,040

Birth-registrationarea

Midyear population

of Columbiapopulation figures.

excluded from count of

Midyear populationNumber

Number

125 579118 ‘904

117,238115 317113’636107’085

102 032

96 ‘7889287,814

86 079

79’00870’235

61 895

58 15754’848

47,47044 224

33,782

21

20 943

19,965

99’318

343553

20 583

of total

10095.295.3

95.394.794.590.088.4

88.187.086.584.280.9

80.979.676.668.065.7

61.661.559.8

57.5

51.448.9

39.739.5

26.0

26.026.026.126.2

4847

46444241

403938

34

34

302726

2424232222

2018171515

101010101010

47

number of States but included in the

-.of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. The current (1973) classi-fication, “Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases,Adapted for Use in the United States,” has been used since

Accurate measures of birth-registration completeness on a nation-wide basis were obtained for the first time in 1940, when studies weremade in connection with the population census of that year. Theyshowed that, for the United States as a whole, birth registration was92.5 percent complete. A corresponding study 10 years later indi-cated that registration had improved considerably, with 97.9 percentof the births in 1950 being recorded. Only in a few States was under-registration shown to be still a problem. The results of this s t u d yhave been published in considerable detail (Bureau of the Census, Infarct Enumeration Study, 1950) and provide a basis for adjustingregistered birth data for underreporting and for making estimatesof registration completeness in post-censal years. Birth registrationhas continued to improve since 1930 and, in 1968, 99.1 percent ofthe live births were registered. (See National Office of Vital Statistics,“Birth-Registration Completeness in the United States andGeographic Areas, 1950,” parts I, 11, and Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 39, Nos. 2 and 4, and vol. 45, No. 9.)

VITAL STATISTICS 1-35

Death registration is believed t o be at least as complete as birthregistration. However, quantitative information on the completenesswith which deaths are reported is limited t o that obtained years agoin applying the “90-percent” standard for entry into the tration area and to information obtained from occasional local areastudies. While underregistration for the country as a whole isnegligible, local studies furnish evidence that in certain isolated placesunderreporting of deaths may still be a problem. Registration offetal deaths is probably significantly incomplete in all areas.

National collections of statistics on marriages and divorces in theUnited States were made for various years from 1867 to 1940 and foreach year since 1944. Estimates have been made for interveningyears and for years in which collections were not complete. Amarriage-registration area was established by the Public HealthService in 1957, and a divorce-registration area in 1958. At the beginning of 1971, the marriage-registration area covered 40 Statesand 3 independent registration areas; the divorce-registration area,29 States and 1 independent area.

Population statistics published or made available by the Bureauof the Census have been used in computing the vital rates shown here. Rates for 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970 are based on the populationenumerated in the censuses of those years which were taken as ofApril 1. Rates for all other years are based on midyear (July 1)estimates of population made by the Bureau of the Census.

Except for 1941-1946, vital rates are based on the populationresiding in conterminous United States. In those years, the transfer overseas of several million men precluded the computation of birthand divorce rates strictly comparable with such rates for prewar years.For 1941-1946,the birth and divorce rates are based on the populationincluding the Armed Forces overseas. (For a discussion of the inter-pretation of rates during wartime, see “Summary of Natality andMortality Statistics, United States, 1943,” Vital Statistics-SpecialReports, vol. 21, No. 1, and “Marriage and Divorce in the UnitedStates, 1937 t o 1545,” Vita l Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 23, No. 9.)

Vital statistics showing color and race are compiled from entrieswhich appear on certificates filed with vital registration offices. Theclassification “white” includes persons reported as Mexican, Cuban,and Puerto Rican. The Negro group includes persons of mixedNegro and other ancestry. For births, the newborn child is ordinarilyassigned t o the race of the parents. If parents are of different races,the following applies: (1)When only one parent is white, the childis assigned the other parent’s race; (2) when neither is white, thechild is assigned the father’s race. For additional details, see source.

B 1. Live births, 1909-1970.

Source: U S . Public Health Service, 1909-1968, Statistics ofthe United States, 1968, vol. I , p. 1-4; 1969-1970, same report, annualissues.

See general note for series B 1-220.

B 2. Deaths, 1933-1970.

Source: U.S. Public Health Service, 1933-1567, Vital Statisticsthe United States, 1967, vol. part A, 1-2; 1968-1970,same report,annual issues.

See general note for series B 1-220.

B 3-4. Marriages and divorces, 1920-1970.

Source: U.S. Public Health Service, 1920-1965, Vital Statisticsthe United States, 1965, vol. pp. 1-5 and 2-5; 1966-1970, samereport, annual issues.

See general note for series B 1-220.

B 5-10. Birth and for women 15-44 years old, by race,

Source: Series B 1820-1900, Henry D. Sheldon, T h e OlderPopulation United States, John and Sons, New York, 1958,p. 145 (copyright). Series B 6 and B 9, 1800-1900, Warren S.Thompson and P. K. Whelpton, Population Trends in the UnitedStates, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1933, 263 (copyright). SeriesB 5-10, 1909-1968, U.S.Public Health Service, Vital Statistics ofUnited States, 1968, vol. I. 1-4; 1969-1970, same report, annual issues.

Estimates for 1909-1934 were prepared by Pascal K. Whelpton.For 1915-1932, the figures include adjustments for States not in theregistration area; for years prior to 1915, figures are estimates basedon the number of registered births in the 10 original registrationStates for the same period.

1800-1970.

See also general note for series 1-220.

B 11-19. Fertility rate and birth rate, by age of mother, by race,

Source: U.S.Public Health Service, 1940-1968, Vital Statistics ofthe United States, 1968, vol. I, 1-7; 1969, Monthly Vi ta l StatisticsReport, 1969, vol. 22, No. 7, 5; 1970, Vital Statistics of the UnitedStates, 1970, I.

Series B 11-19 is an age-adjusted rate because it is based on theassumption that there are the same number of women in each agegroup. The rate of 2,480 in 1970, for example, means that if a hypo-thetical group of 1,000 women were to have the same birth rate i neach age group observed in the actual childbearing population in1970, the women would have a total of 2,480 children by the time theyreached the end of the reproductive period (taken here as ageassuming that all of the women survive to that age.

1940-1970.

See also general note for series B 1-220.

B 20-27. Birth rate, by race, by live-birth order, 1940-1970.

Source: Public Health Service, 1940-1968, see source note for series B 11-19, p. 1-9; 1969, see same source note, p. 6-7; 1970, seesame source note.

B 28-35. Illegitimate live births and birth rates, by age and race of

Source: U.S.Public Health Service, Vital Statistics of the UnitedStates, 1970, I.

These are estimated data based on certificates of live birth filedfor each child born in the United States. During the 1930’s almostall States had a query concerning legitimacy or illegitimacy on theircertificates. During the concern for confidentiality prompteda number of States t o remove it. These data are based on reports of34 States and the District of Columbia for 1940-1965 and on reportsof 40 States and the District of Columbia for

In making estimates of the number of illegitimate births occurringin the country as a whole, the States were grouped into nine geo-graphic divisions. The combined ratio of illegitimate births per 1,000total live births for all reporting States in a single geographic division was then applied to all live births t o residents of that division. Thisestimating procedure was separately applied for white persons andfor Negro and other persons. The sum of these estimates for thenine geographic divisions represents the estimate for the United States. No adjustments were made for misstatements of legitimacystatus on the birth record or for failure to register illegitimate birthsbecause the extent of such reporting problems is unknown. A birthwith legitimacy status not recorded was considered t o be legitimate.

The rates shown for the years 1951-65 differ from those published in earlier issues of Vital Statistics of the United States. The ratesshown here are based on a smoothed series of population estimatesfor unmarried women by race age which were not available when

45

mother, 1940-1970.

B 36-98 VITAL STATISTICS AKD HEALTH MEDICAL CARE

the rates previously published were computed. For details concern-ing these estimates and other data for illegitimate births, see U.S. Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, “Trendsin Illegitimacy, United States, Vital and Health Sta-tistics, PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series 21-No. 15, February 1968.

B 36-41. Gross and net reproduction rates, by race, 1905-10 to 1970.

Source: Bureau of the Census, 1905-10 to 1935-40, SixteenthCensus Reports, Fertility, and 1910-StandardizedFertility Rates and Reproduction Rates; U.S.Public Health Service,1935, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1950, vol. I, p. 87;1956, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1956,vol. I,p. lxxix; 1957-70,same report, annual issues.

The gross reproduction rate represents the number of daughters ahypothetical cohort of 1,000 women entering the child-bearing periodwould have during their lives, if they were subject to the age-specificbirth rates observed in a given time period, and if none of the cohortwere to die before the child-bearing period was completed. specific birth rate is the ratio of births by age of mother t o women ineach age interval for a specified year. The gross reproduction rateis the sum of the age-specific birth rates of female infants per 1,000women. I t shows the maximum possible replacement of women thatmight be expected from the given set of age-specific birth rates. Ifno migration took place and if the gross rate remained below 1,000,no improvement in mortality alone could prevent the populationfrom declining when a stable age distribution had been reached.

The net reproduction rate is based on the specific fertility andmortality conditions existing in a given time period. If thespecific birth and death rates of a certain year (or years) were t ocontinue until the population became stable, a net reproduction rateof 1,000 would mean that a cohort of 1,000 newly born girls wouldbear just enough daughters t o replace themselves.

Reproduction rates are useful in the analyses of fertility and mor-tality conditions of a given period, but they are not indicators offuture population growth. They do not take into account suchfactors as marital duration, and size of family, and they assume the continuation of the age-specific rates in a given yearthroughout the lifetime of a cohort of women. Since the UnitedStates has experienced major changes in marriage and fertility ratesover short periods of time, variations in reproduction rates should notbe taken as indications of long-run movements in family formationand rates of fertility and mortality.

B 42-48. Percent distribution of ever-married women (survivors ofbirth cohorts of 1835-39 to by race and by number ofchildren ever born, as reported in censuses of 1910, 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970.

Source: all races, Conrad and Irene Taeuber, TheChanging Population of the United States, 1790-1955, John Wiley andSons, New York, 1957, pp. 255-256 (copyright). By race, U.S.Bureau of the Census, 1910 and 1940, Sixteenth Census Reports,Population, Differential Fertility, and part 2; 1950, U S .Census of Population: 1950, Special Reports, P-E, No. 5C , Fertility.1960 and 1970, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970,Women by Number of Children Ever Born.

These data are based on an analysis of the decennial censuses. I neach of these censuses women who had ever married were asked aboutthe number of children they had ever borne. When these womenare classified according t o age, it is possible to suggest the trend infertility among women who had completed their childbearing ateach census.

Caution should be used in comparing the data from the 1910 census with those from later censuses. The 1910 census may have inad-vertently obtained some stillbirths in the counts of children everborn, resulting in overstatements of fertility. Comparisons of the

46

average number of children ever born to women age 40-44 in 1910with the average for those surviving to age 70-74 in 1940 show aboutten percent more children at the earlier date. In contrast, there islittle difference when the average numbers of children ever born arecompared for women of recently completed fertility in 1940 with the average for survivors at much older ages in the censuses of 1950 t o1970, suggesting that the memory factor does not cause muchcount of children by women long past the childbearing ages.

Illegitimate births are represented in the data insofar as the wonnenever married included births before marriage (as they were supposedt o do) in their reported total number of children ever born. Com-parisons of cumulations of birth data from annual vital statistics (thatinclude all illegitimate births) with recent census data on childrenever born suggest that the census data may be short by about 5percent for all races and about 3 percent for whites.

B 49-66. Children ever born to women ever married, by race and age

1910 and 1940, SixteenthCensus of Population, Special Reports, Differential Fertility, and 1910-Fertility for States and Large Cities, tables 3 and 4; ential Fertility, and 1910-Women by Number of Children EverBorn, tables 9 and 12; and unpublished data. 1950, U.S.Census ofPopulation: 1950, Special Report P-E No. 5C, Fertility, tables 1, 2,and 12; and unpublished data. 1960, Census of Population:1960, vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, part 1, U.S.Summary ,table 190, and Final Report Women by Number of ChildrenEver Born, tables 2 and 8. 1970, U.S.Census of Population: 1970,part 1, Summary, table 213.

These data are based on an 8.9 percent sample for 1910, 3.3 percentfor 1940, 2.4 percent for 1950, 25 percent for 1960 (except that theseparate data for Negroes are from a 5 percent sample), and 20 percentfor 1970. The data shown for 1940 in series B 42-48 and seriesB 49-66 include special adjustments to allow for the fertility ofwomen with no original report on number of children ever borntherefore differ slightly from the data published in the reports onDifferential Fertility, and

See the text for series B 42-48 for cautions regarding thebility of data from the 1910 census with data from later censuses,possible minor shortages in counts of children ever born due toreporting of illegitimate births.

of women, 1910-1970.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census.

B 67-98. Number of children under 5 years old per 1,00020 to 44 years old, by race and residence, by geographic divisions,

Source: Series B 67-68,1800-1940,and series B 69-98,1800-1840and 1910-1950, Wilson H. Clyde V. Kiser, and Pascal K.Whelpton, The Fertility of American Women, John Wiley and Sons,New York, 1958 (copyright). Series B 67-68, andB 69-98, 1850-1900 and 1960-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census,special computations from decennial census reports.

Figures for series B 67-68 were adjusted for underreporting ofchildren in 1800-1940 on the basis of factors obtained for 1925-1930and for underreporting of both women and children in 1950-1970 onthe basis of estimates derived by analytical methods. The ratioshave been standardized for age of women (except for white women for1800-1820) using the 1930 age distribution of women to offset theeffect of changes in the age distribution of the female population.Therefore, the figures represent the fertility ratios of women havingthe same age distribution as those in 1930. Rates forare partly estimated.

For composition of geographic divisions, see text for series A194. The urban-rural classification shown for 1800-1950 is basedon the rules used in 1940. That shown for 1960-1970 is based on therules used for those censuses. For definition of residence by old andnew rules of classification, see text for series A 43-56. The change

1800-1970.

VITAL STATISTICS B 99-166

i n rules is known t o have relatively little effect on the fertility ratiosfor 1960 and probably has little effect on the comparability of thefertility ratios for 1960-1970 with those of earlier years.

B 99-106. Median interval between births, by race, 1930-1969.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports,series P-20, Nos. 180 and 186, and unpublished data.

The median interval between two sets of events is an estimate ofthe length of time after the first set of events in which half of thesecond set If the first set of events is births of a firstchild and the second set is births of a second child and the estimateof the median interval is 32.2 months, the interpretation is that halfof the second births occur within 32.2 months of the first births.

Data on median intervals between births and first marriage andbetween births of successive orders are useful for comparingspacing and family building patterns between subgroups within apopulation at a given point in time and between different cohortseither of women or (as in series B 67-98) of their children.

B 107-115. Expectation of life at birth, by race and sex, 1900-1970.

Source: U.S.Public Health Service, 1900-1967, Vital Statistics ofthe United Stales, 1967, vol. 11,part A, p. 5-8; 1968-1970, same report, annual issues.

Derivation of estimates is described in “Estimated Average Lengthof Life i n the Death-Registration States,” Vital Statistics-SpecialReports, vol. 33, No. 9.

The expectation of life a t birth is the average number of years thatmembers of a hypothetical cohort would live if they were subjectthroughout their lives to the age-specific mortality rates observeda t the time of their birth. is the most usual measure of the com-parative longevity of different populations. There is some objectiont o the use of the average duration of life as a standard of comparisonbecause the method of calculating it gives great weight to the rela-tively large number of deaths occurring in the first year of life. Thisinfluence may be entirely eliminated by considering instead the aver-age lifetime remaining to those members of the cohort surviving toage 1,or, in other words, the expectation of life at age 1. However,this objection is growing less valid as infant mortality decreases.

B 116-125. Expectation of life at specified ages, by sex and race,

Source: 1901-1910, white population, U.S. Bureau of the Census,United States L i f e Tables, 1900-1 40-47. 1900-1902 and1909-11 t o 1956, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Statistics of theUnited States, 1956, vol. I, p. 1957-1970, same report, annualissues, vol. I, 1957-1959, and vol. 11, thereafter.

The expectation of life at a specified age is the average number ofyears that members of a hypothetical cohort would continue to liveif they were subject throughout the remainder of their lives t o themortality rates for specified age groups observed in a given timeperiod.

1900-1970.

B 126-135. Expectation of life at specified ages, by sex, for Massa-

Source: 1850, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, StatisticalBulletin, 9, No. 3, March 1928, pp. 7-8; 1855, Edgarstricker, Health and Environment, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1933,

164 (copyright): 1878-82 to 193941, Louis I. Dublin, Alfred J.Lotka, and Mortimer Spiegelman, Length Li fe , Ronald Press, NewYork, 1949 326 and (copyright); 1949-51, U.S. Bureau of theCensus and U.S.Public Health Service, Statistics-SpecialReports, 41, Supplement March 21, 1956, pp. 193 and 195.

chusetts, 1850 to 1949-51.

See text for series B

B Fetal death ratio, by race,Source: Public Health Service, 1922-1944, Vital Statistics

the United Stales, 1956, vol. I, p. 1945-1967, same report,1967, vol. part A, 3-4; 1968-1970, same report, annual issues.

Lack of uniformity in requirements for registration and variationin completeness of registration influence the comparability of the data over the years, especially in the series based on all reported fetal deaths. Considering the probable total effect of these factors, aswell as that of incompleteness of the registration area until 1933, i tappears likely that the ratios understate any decline in fetal mortality.Changes in the regulations have more often been in the direction ofbroadening the base of fetal death reporting, than in the other direc-tion. With respect to completeness of reporting, the situation hasprobably improved because of the increases in the number of womenreceiving hospital and medical care a t childbirth and also becauseof the general strengthening of the vital registration system.

B 139-141. Neonatal mortality rate, by race, 1915-1970.

Source: Public Health Service, 1915-1929, Vita l Statisticsthe United States, vol. I, 258-259; 1930-1939, Vita l--Special Reports, vol. 45, No. 1,pp. 8-10; 1940-1967, Vita l Statisticsof the United States, 1967, vol. 11, part A, 2-3; 1968-1970, samereport, annual issues.

The neonatal mortality rate represents the number of deaths ofinfants under 28 days (exclusive of fetal deaths) per 1,000 live births.

B 142-144. Infant mortality rate, by race, 1915-1970.

Source: U.S.Public Health Service, VitalSpecial Reports, vol. 45, No. 1, p. 7; 1940-1970, see source for series

The infant mortality rate represents the number of deaths under 1 year (exclusive of fetal deaths) per 1,000 live births. The rates have been computed by the conventional method in which the infantdeaths occurring in a specified period are related to the number oflive births occurring during the same period. Rates computed inthis way are influenced by changes in the number of births and willnot be comparable if the birth rate is fluctuating widely. Deathsunder 1year of age occurring during any calendar year are deaths notonly of infants born during that year but also of infants born duringparts of the previous year. An approximate correction of this errorcan be made by relating infant deaths during a specified year to theyear in which those infants were born. See Bureau of the Census,“Effect of Changing Birth Rates Upon Infant Mortality Rates,” Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 19, No. 21.

B 139-141.

B 145-147. Maternal mortality rate, by race,

Source: U.S. Public Health Service, Vita l Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 46, No. 17, p. 438; 1940-1967, Vital Statistics ofthe United States, 1967, vol. 11, part A, p. 1-41; 1968-1970, samereport, annual issues.

The maternal mortality rate represents the number of deaths from deliveries and complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and theperium per 10,000 live births.

B 148. Infant mortality rate, for Massachusetts, 1851-1970.

Source: 1851-1899, 77th Annual Report of Vital Statistics of Massa-chusetts, p. 132; 1900-1956, U.S. Bureau of the Census and US.Public Health Service, Vita l Statistics of the United States, vol. I,annual issues; 1957-1970, US. Public Health Service, Vita l Statisticsof the United States, vol. 11,part A, annual issues.

B 149-166. Death rate, for selected causes, 1900-1970.

Source: U.S. Public Health Service. Series B 149-150, B163,and B 166,1900-1970, Vita l Statistics of the United States I

47

B 167-220 VITAL STATISTICS HEALTH A N D MEDICAL CARE

to 1954 and vol. 11,part A, thereafter), various annual issues. SeriesB 151, 1900-1920, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1950, vol. I,p. 218; 1921-1940, Vital Statistics Rates in the United States,1940, 266; 1941-1970, unpublished data. Series B 164-165, U.S.Bureau of the Census, 1900-1933,Mortality Statistics, various annualissues; 1934-1938, Vital Statistics of the United States, Special Reports,Deaths Each Cause, United States: 1939-1949, VitalStatistics of the United States, part I ; Vital Statistics of theUnited States, vol. part A, various annual issues.

Mortality data are classified according t o the numbers and titlesof the detailed International List of Causes of Death. A large pro-portion of the death certificates filed annually in the United Statesreport two or more diseases or conditions as joint causes of death.General statistical practice requires that cases involving more thanone cause of death be changed t o a single cause.

I n the French edition of the International List certainprinciples for determining the single cause to be selected from thejoint causes given were incorporated as a part of the general classifica-tion scheme, As an outgrowth of practices in this country after1902, definite relationships among the various conditions represented by items in the International List were put in concrete form in theManual Joint Causes of Death, first published in 1914, and revisedto conform with successive revisions of the International List. Thismanual, which was developed for use in the United States, was fol-lowed until 1949, when an international procedure for joint-causeselection was adopted. The new international rules place the re-sponsibility on the medical practitioner to indicate the underlyingcause of death. This change, in conjunction with the Sixth Revisionof the International List in 1949, the Seventh Revision in 1958, andthe Eighth Revision in 1968, has introduced rather serious breaks in statistical continuity.

Time-trend studies of causes of death would be facilitated if theInternational List were maintained without change over a long period of years. However, if the list were rigidly fixed it would be incon-sistent with current medical knowledge and terminology. To obtainthe advantages of frequent revision, and to retain a fixed list fora number of years, revisions are made at an international conferenceevery 10 years. I n the process of revision, discontinuities are intro-duced into the time trends of death rates for certain specific causesof death (see National Office of Vital Statistics, “The Effect of theSixth Revision of the International List of Diseases and Causes ofDeath Upon Comparability of Mortality Trends,” Vita lSpecial Reports, vol. 36, No. 10).

Improvement in diagnostic procedures and development of medicalknowledge and facilities are other important factors in the study ofchanges in death rates for certain causes.

B 167-173. Death rate, by race and sex, 1900-1970.

Source: 1900-1968, U.S.Public Health Service, Vital Statisticsthe United States, 1968, vol. 11,part A; 1969-1970, unpublished data.

B 174-180. Age-adjusted death rate, by race and sex, 1900-1970.Source: See source for series BThe age-adjusted death rate is a convenient summary index that

“corrects” for differences in age composition. These rates werecomputed by taking the age-distribution of the population in 1940as the “standard” without regard t o sex, color, or other characteristics.The age-specific death rates actually observed in a given year wereapplied to the age distribution of this standard population and atotal death rate was computed. The age-specific death rate is the

rate of deaths per 1,000 population in each age interval for ayear. For a detailed description of the direct method by which these rates were computed, see Vital Statistics Rates in the United States,

66-69.

BSource: 1900-1939, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Statistics-

Special Reports, vol. 43, No. 1,pp. 10-12; U.S. Bureau ofthe Census, Vita l Statistics of the United States, vol. I, p.

Vita l Statistics of the United States, 1956, vol. I, p.1958-1970, Vi ta l Statistics of the United States, 1968 , vol. 11,partand unpublished data.

Death rate, by age and sex, 1900-1970.

B 193-200. Death rate, by sex and by selected cause, for

Source: 1860-1899,computed from 48th Annual Registration Reportfor Massachusetts and 77th Annual Report on the Vital Statistics ofMassachusetts; 1900-1956, US. Bureau of the Census and PublicHealth Service, Vital Statisties of the United States, vol. I , annualissues; 1957-1970, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Statistics theUnited States, vol. part A, annual issues.

chusetts, 1860-1970.

B 201-213.Source: Annual Registration Report for Massachusetts, p. 321,

and 77th Annua l Report on the Vital Statistics of Massachusetts, p. 126.

Death rate, by age, for Massachusetts, 1865-1900.

B 214-220.Source: Series B 214-218, U.S.Public Health Service, Vital Sta-

tistics the United States, vol. 111, annual issues; series BUS. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, series P-20.

See also: U.S. Commissioner of Labor, A Report on Marriage andDivorce in the United States, 1867 to 1886; U.S. Bureau of the Census,Marriage and Divorce, 1867-1906; Vi ta l Statistics-Special Reports,vol. 9, No. 60, “A Review of Marriage and Divorce Statistics: United States: Marriage and Divorce, 1916 and annual issuesfor 1922-1932; S. A. Stauffer and L. M. Spencer, “Recent Increases in Marriage and Divorce,” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 44, No. 4 (for 1933-1936); U.S. Bureau of the Census, Vital Statistics-Special Reports, vol. 15, Nos. 13 and 18, “Estimated Number ofMarriages by State: United States, and “EstimatedNumber of Divorces by State: United States, respec-tively. For exact population base figures, see VitalSpecial Reports, vol. 46, No. 12, p. 330.

Marriage and divorce records are filed only at the county level in some States, but gradually the various States are requiring by lawthat such events be recorded a t the State level. The completenessof reporting to the State offices varies, but there has been no nation-wide test. A marriage-registration area covering 30 States and 5independent areas was established by the National Office of VitalStatistics i n 1957. A major criterion for admission of a State to theregistration areas was agreement with the National Office ofStatistics t o conduct a test of marriage registration completeiiess.By 1971, the marriage-registration area covered 40 States arid 3independent areas. A divorce-registration area with 14 States and 3 independent areas was inaugurated in 1958. By 1971, it covered29 States and 1independent area.

The marriage and divorce rates shown in series B 215 and B 217are based on those segments of the female population that beconsidered as subject t o possible marriage and divorce.

Marriage rate and divorce, 1920-1970.

48

VITAL STATISTICS

Series 1-4. Live Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Divorces: 1909 to 1970[Inthousands. Birth, marriage, and divorce figures represent estimates of all such events; death figures, the number of registered events]

1928

192519241923.......

_ _ _1920

.

1916

1915 ..

1911

B 1-10

2 61822 6742 '8022

2 909

2 9102 '8823

2 95022 '948 2 '944 2

2 9652 '9662 '3692 '340 2'809

22'777

Divorces

4

.......1949...1948...19471946...1945

1943..

193919381937

.19351934

.19321931

3,6323,6493,6373,8173,411

2 8582 '9393'1042'9892

22'4962'4132

22'396

2 440

Deaths 3

2

1 1271'233

1

1 188

1 2301'134

1'182

Marriages

3

196206200196185

175171

149160

Livebirths

Total

Divorces

White

9

87.986.585 .7R7.691.3

96.6105.0108.5112.2117.2

118.0118.8120.2122.9121.2

118.5118.1115.2113.9111.5

106.2107.1107.3113.3101.9

85.988.894.391.583.4

79.977.679.177.175.8

77.278.5

Livebirths

Deaths 3 Divorces

Year4

Livebirths

1

Year12

1,9211,9221,930

1,863

1,8281,7931,8141,7571,702

1,7121,6571,6431,6331,564

1,4311,5181,4971,482

3

2,1632 1452'0691'9271

1,3001,7251,6541,5771,548

1'4941'4511'518

1 5311'4901'5461'539

1,4521,4441,444

445

1,4021 4111'46011,398

4171'38811,4501,479

1 393

1,342

385397408483610

435400359321293

1 667

1 811

1 6131'452

1'7721

1 5961

3311 '451

1,3271 302

9821,061

1

264251244249236

218204165164188

Iand

3 Excludes fetal deaths

Series B Birth Rate-Total and for Women 15-44Years Old, by Race: 1800 t o 1970on estimated total live births per 1,000 population for specified group. Based on a 50-percent sample of births for 1951-1954, 1956-1966, and on 20- t o

percent sample for 1967. Prior to 1959, births adjusted for underregistration: thereafter, registered live births]

Rate, total population Rate, women 15-44 years Rate, total population Rate, women 15-44 years--Negro

and other

-.---Negro

and

7

Totaland other

7

White Year Total White

6

Negroand other

Year

5 10

18.1

18.4

19.421.021.722.423.3

23.724.024.525.325.2

25.025.325.025.124.9

24.124.524.926.624.1

20.421.222.722.220.3

19.418.819.218.718.4

18.719.018.4

17 .416.91 6 . 616.817.4

18.320.020.721 .422 .2

22.722.923.324.024.0

23.824.224 .024.123.9

23.023.624.026.123.6

19 .720 .522.121 .519 .5

18 .613 .013 .417.917.6

84.182.481.583.186.4

91.499.9

103.7107.5112.2

113.2113.9114.9117.7116.0

113.8113.6111.0110.1107.7

103.6104.3111.8100.4

83.486.392.389.580.7

77.174.876.574.473.3

74.575.873.7

113.0114.8114.9119.8125.9

133.9141.7144.9148.8153.5

153.6156.0160.5163.0160.9

155.3153.2147.3143.3142.1

137.3135.1131.6125.9113.9

106.0108.5111.0107.6105.4

102.4

100.599.495.9

98.4100.497.3

19.520.2

21.321.222.223.524.2

25 .126.126.026.228.1

27.726.128.228.529 .1

29.529.929.529.829.9

30.032.3

2

8

18.719.5

20.620.5

22.23.1

24.125.125.225.427.8

26.92C.327.627.928.5

23.929.328.829.029.1

29.229.230.131.535.2

38.341.443.348.3

51.4

54.355.0

79.082.4

87.187.391.797 .199.2

103.3107.8108.0108.8117.2

115.4

8

123.2124.6122.4123.3123.6

123.8123.6130137155

167184194222

240260274278

103.0102.1

1932 _ _ _19301929

1927.... _ _ _1926

25.124.424.225.026.1

27.629.129.730.531.6

32.132.934.335.335.4

34.734.934.133.633.8

33.333.032.431.238.4

26.527.428.327.727.3

26.726.126.326.025.1

25.826.325.5

105.9106.1111.0121.7130.3

89.2

31.1

106.6

1965- _ _.__.

1963 _ _ _19621961- _ _ _19601959 4 _ _ __ _ _1957- __.

134.0135.6130.5130.8140.8

35.0 117.932.4 111.233.0 119.832.9 121.0

123.4

19151914 _ _ _

17.918.117.6

*Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. N A Not available.

Computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, t o women aged 15-44years.

Based on 20- to 50-percent sample of births.Figures by race exclude New Jersey: State did not require reporting Of race.

4 Includes Alaska.

49

B 11-19 VITAL STATISTICS AND HEALTH AND MEDICAL CARE

Series 11-19. Fertility Rate and Birth Rate, by Age of Mother, by Race: 1940 to 1970fertility rates are the sumsof birth rates, by age of mother multiplied by 5. Birth rates are live births per 1,000women in specified group. Prior to 1959,births adjusted

thereafter, registered live births. 50-percent sample of births for 1956-1966,and 1968-1970;on 20- to 50-percent sample for 19671

Year and race

Totalfertility

rate

2,4802 465 22,5732,736

2 928 3'208

3 65433,7013 7673

3 580

33,269

3 091

33'2742 943

2,4912 5682'7182'628

3'3333'474

3 '543 3'424

2'399

2.3852 360 2'368

2,609

2 790 3'074

3 348

3,5333 544 3'5603'6253 546

3,4463 415

3 250

2 9773'0098'0223'230

2 421 2'501

2 577

22'828

3,0673,1483 1973'385

3,8914 1534'269

4,533

10-14years

12

1.2

1.0

1.01.0

1.0

1.01.01.0

4.84.64.44.14.0

4.04.04.03.94.0

15-19years

13

68.366.166.167.970.6

70.472.876.481.288.0

89.189.191.496.394.6

90.590.688.286.187.6

81.683.481.879.359.3

51.1

61.761.166.954.1

57.455.255.357.360.8

60.763.268.173.178.8

79.479.2

85.283.2

70.072.171.169.850.6

42.145.352.151.847.645.3

133.4133.3133.3135.2135.5

136.1138.7139.9144.6152.8

20-24years

14

167.8166.0167.4174.0185.9

196.8219.9231.2243.7253.7

258.1257.5258.2260.6253.7

242.0236.2224.6217.6211.6

196.6200.1200.3209.7

138.9151.8164.0165.1145.4135.6

163.4161.4162.6168.8179.9

189.8213.1224.7238.0247.9

252.8251.7251.4253.8247.1

236.0230.7219.6212.5206.0

190.4194.6195.5207.9179.8

134.7147.9161.1162.9141.6131.4

196.8197.8200.8212.1228.9

247.3268.6277.3285.7292.9

Birth rate, by age of mother

25-29years

145.1143.0140.3142.6149.4

162.5179.4185.8191.7197.9

197.4198.6198.3199.4194.7

190.5188.4184.1182.0175.3

166.1165.4163.41'76.0161.2

132.2136.5147.8142.7128.7122.8

145.9142.8139.7140.7146.6

158.8176.2181.5187.7194.4

194.9195.5194.8195.8190.6

186.8185.0181.5180.5174.2

140.1

155.9169.3

202.0

217.4221.9

30-34years

16

73.374.174.9

85.9

95.0103.9106.2108.9113.3

112.7114.4116.2118.9117.3

116.2116.9113.4112.610'7.9

103.7102.1103.7111.9108.9

100.298.199.591.885.383.4

71.972.072.576.582.7

91.7100.5102.6105.2110.1

109.6111.3113.0115.9114.4

114.1115.1111.9111.4106.5

102.6101.5103.6113.0110.0

100.598.2100.292.385.283.4

82.588.991.299.1107.9

118.3127.5129.3132.4136.2

35-39years

17

31.733.435.638.542.2

46.450.051.352.755.6

56.257.358.359.959.3

58.757.956.655.854.1

52.953.554.558.958.7

56.954.652.847.946.146.3

30.031.633.836.640.0

44.147.748.950.253.2

54.055.155.857.457.0

56.756.255.154.452.6

51.452.253.558.458.4

54.152.247.245.145.3

42.245.948.652.457.7

63.867.568.972.074.9

40-44years

18

8.18.89.610.611.7

12.813.814.214.815.6

15.515.315.716.316.3

16.116.215.815.515.4

15.115.315.716.616.5

16.616.115.714.715.015.6

7.58.18.99.810.8

12.018.013.414.114.8

14.714.714.815.415.4

15.415.415.014.814.6

14.514.615.216.115.9

16.015.515.014.114.315.0

12.613.915.016.818.4

19.2

21.021.722.3

45-49years

19

1.11.0

1.01.01.01.31.1

1.21.31.3

1.61.4

1.61.71.9

1.0

1.01.11.11.21.3

1.41.21.31.31.41.6

1.01.21.21.4

1.51.5

1.5

'Excludes New Jersey; State did not require reporting of race.

50

VITAL STATISTICS 11-27

20

Series 11-19. Fertility Rate and Birth Rate, by Age of Mother, by Race: 1940 to 1970-Con.

21

Birth rate, by age of mother

19631962

1956...

84.182.481.583.186.4

91.499.9

103.7107.5112.2

113.2113.9114.9117.7116.0

113.3113.6111.0110.0107.7

1941...

83.486.392.389.580.777.1

10-14years

35-39yearsyears

25-29years

40-44years15-19years

45-49years

19

Year and race 30-34years

16 17 1812-_I_

NEGRO AND

13 14 15

4.04.24.35.64.7

22.021.221.823.523.6

22.122.523.021.922.6

21.221 .120.421.421.8

1.71.81 .92.02.0

158.2160.5167.3172.8172.5

168 3170.3165.4162.9166.7

163.5162.8157.3146.6121.9

117.5121.5133.4131.8128.3121.7

294.2297.9805.2307.0299.1

283.4274.7261.4254.0252.5

242.6241.3237.0223.7197.3

172.1182.4137.2182.3175.0168.5

214.6220.2224.2228.1225.9

219.6215.7206.4194.2184.2

178.8167.0159.6150.6139.2

125.4126.8125.1119.6118.1116.3

2.12.12.22.22.2

75.472.9

66.666.5

64.363.962.562.761.0

61.358.456.954.054.153.7

4.84.95.15.25.4

5.15.14.94.63 . 7

3.93.94.03.94.03.7

2.62.52 . 33 .13 .5

3.73 .23 . 74.04 .15.2

Series B 20-27. Birth Rate, by Race, by Live-Birth 1940 to 1970[Rates are live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years in specified race group. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Prior to 1959, births ad-

justed for underregistration; thereafter, registered live births. Figures for not stated birth order have been distributed. Based on 50-percent sample of births for 1951-1954,and 1968-1970; on 20- to 50-percent sample for

Birth rate, by live-birth orderIBirth rate, by live-birth order Total

race1st 5th

___-and

7th

26

t h andover

27

1.21.41.61.82 . 1

2.42.72.92.92.9

2.82 .82 .12.72.6

2.52 . 52 .52 .52 .5

2.52.72.62 .72.8

3.08.13.13.13.23 .5

3d 4th 4thYearandrace

5th

25

ith and7th

26

t h andover

27

1 .82.02 . 32 .73 . 2

3 .74 . 14 . 34 . 44 .5

4 . 34 .24 . 24.24.0

3 .83 . 83 .63.63.6

3.63.73 . 63 .73 . 8

4.04 .04.03.94.14.3

2d

24

6.87.07.17.98 . 7

10.211.712.613.314.0

14.113.913.813.713.1

12.612.011.110.49.4

8.47.97 . 47.47.3

7.07.16.96.15.95.9

2520 2122

24.223.422 .522.622.5

23.425.126.127.028.4

29.229.930.631.731.9

31.932.432.532.732.6

32 .132 .130.930.327.9

22.923.825.522.920.720.0

23

13.713.413.213.914 .8

1G.618.819.921.122.4

22.823.023.323.92J .6

23.122.721.921.320.0

18.417.116.115.614.5

13.413.813.511.911.210.9

24

WHITETOTAL

1969-13.313.112.813.514.4

16.218.519.620.922.2

22.722.923.123.723.4

22.922.621.621.019.5

17.916.615.715.314.4

13.213.613.211.510.710.5

3 . 43 . 63 .84.34.9

5 . 86 . 77 . 17 . 57.7

7.57.37.27.06.6

6 .25.95.45.04.5

4 .14.03.94.04 .0

3 .94 . 03 . 93 . 63 . 63 .6

2.72 .93.2

4.3

5.05 . 76.16.26.4

6.15.95.7

5.2

4.94.64.34.03 . 9

3.73.83.73.83 .9

4.04.14.03.83.94 .1

32.891.530.929.730.1

28.929.829.429.830.7

30.831.231.933.433.2

32.633.333.334.135.0

33.336.339.947.839.5

29.030.435.238.332.529.4

84.132.832.130.831.0

29.830.429.930.131.1

31.131.532.233.733 .5

32.933.633.434.084.9

33.336.239.646.738.5

28.930.234.737.532.229.3

7.27 . 47 . 58.39 .2

10.712.313.113.814.6

14.614.614.414.413.9

13.312 .812.011.310.2

9.28.68.07.97.8

7.57.67.46 .66 .46 .4

3.84.04.24.85.4

6.47 .37.83.28.5

8 .38.28.17.97 .6

7.26.86.35.85.3

4.84.74.54.54.5

4.54.54.44 . 14.14 .1

3.23 . 53.94 .55.2

6 .06 .97.37 . 5

7.67.47.37.16.3

6.46 .06.55.25.0

4.74.74.64.64.7

4.84.94 .84 .64.74 . 8

23.722.922.122.122.0

23.024.825.926.9

29.229.930.631.731.9

32.032.832.933.132.9

32.382.231.130.828.5

23.324.225.923.120.720.0

87.986.585.787.691.3

96.6105.0108.5112.2117.2

118.0118.8120.2122.9121.2

118.5118.1

113.9111.5

106.2107.1107.3113.3101.9

85.988.894.391.583.479.9

1963-1962

1960

1950- _ _ _1946-

1945-__.

1943- __.1941- __.__.

See footnotes a t end of table.

51

20-35 STATISTICS HEALTH CARE

Series B 20-27. Birth Rate, by Race, by Live-Birth Order: 1940 to 1970-Con.

1951...1950...

1946...

Birth rate, by live-birth order

35.0 30.7 24.4 1 9 . 1 ' 14.6153.2 35.6 29.7 24.4 19.1 14.2147.2 34.1 29.5 23.8 13.4 13.3143.3 33.1 29.2 24.0 18.1 12.4142.1 34.1 29.9 23.9 16.9 11.2

137.3 33.8 30.3 22.9 15.3 10.4135.1 35.4 30.8 2 1 2 14.0 9 . 8131.6 37.3 29.5 12.9 9 .2125.9 38.4 26.2 17.3 12.1 8.8113.9 31.1 23.4 16 .0 11.8 8.7

Birth rate, by live-birth orderI

14.715.615.5

11.3 8 .711.7 8.611.4 8.4

14.1 10.58 . 18 . 07.8

19641963

133.9 35.8141.7 34.8144.9 33.8

1962 148.81961 153.5

33.138.6

26.6 19.6 14.6 10.8 13.827.4 21.127.6 21.828.0 22.828.8 23.7

29 3 24.024.4

25.725.2

16.0 12.1 15.816.9 1 3 . 1 16.617.8 13.7 17.618.8 14.1 18.4

1 4 . 1 18.414.5 18.7

19.8 1 5 . 3 19.019.7 15.0 18.7

25.4 19.5 14.9 19.1

and race

28I 25-29years32 30-34 35-44years years33 34-35399361339318302

291276259245240

224

26.4 22.425.0 20.L24.423.9 18.623.4

23.5 1 6 . 723.0 15.822.5 15.221.9 14.822.7 15.9

21.6 15.3

7.97 . 37 . 06 . 57 .0

6 . 66 . 5

22.121.220.820.019.7

18.218.3

24.3 1 6 . 624.1 15.922.0 14.219.8 12.619.4 11.3

18.21 7 . 6 10.715.8 10.814.6 10.514.0 9 .2

13.3 8.68 . 7 5.94 .0 2 .5

4 . 94.84 .64.34.2

3.93.63.43.03.0

2.82.01 . 2

93.798.0

104.4118.4143.8

164.7168.7171.5

69.9 21.673.5 22.3

25.297.2 28.9

119.4 33.8

137.8132.3 34.5124.3

172 7 115 2

171.8 104.0168.0 106.5161.2 110.5142.6 115.1132.7 113.7

35.5

114.9

30.3

142133130132125

117105989796

14.1 12.613.3 12.012.5 11.412.1 11.010.9 9 .5

1 0 1 . 1 9 .59.0 8.88 . 3 8.48.0 8 .27 .8 8.07.1 7.4

74.073.874.177.6

76.580.880.481.479.6

152.6164.2161.8163.6169.6

166.5167.8153.2147.7143.5

Year Totaland 1strace

8th an over

27

Year Totalandrace

I: I 4th 5th3d 4th 5thi 7th 6th and7th26

17.41 6 . 515.414.21 3 . 5

1 2 . 612.21 1 . 711.41 1 . 3

1 1 . 31 1 . 311.0

1 0 . 610.4

andover

27

5.36.37.49.0

10.7

12.614.4

15.716.0

15.615.615.915.6

14.113.512.812.412.2

12.011.811.611.611.7

11.911.611.611.111.311.3,

Excludes New Jersey; State did not require reporring of race.*Denotes first year for which figures includes Aiaska and Hawaii.

Series B 28-35. Illegitimate Live Births and Birth Rates, by Age and Race of Mother: 1940 to 1970[Refersonly to illegitimate births occurring within the United States. Rates are illegitimate live births per 1000 unmarried females in specified group Figures for

not stated are distributed. Based on 50-percent sample of births for 1951-1954, 1956-1966, 'and on 20- to 50-percent sample for

Rate,all

ages

29

11.c

10.0

9.29.28.88.68.3

6 . 13 . 6

89.986.686 .689.592.8

97.697.297.197.5

100.8

98.3100.897.895.392.1

87.271.235.6

Rate, by age of mother Rate, by age of mother

25-29years

32

35-39years

34

13.313.614.915.416.4

17.416.316 .115.6

14.114.113.31 2 . 111.1

10.39.08 . 27 . 5

7.2

5.85.64.4

4 .14.03.83.83.73.4

40-44years

35~-

--_-I

15-19 20-24years years

Yearand race years

20-24years

31

38.437.437.338.389.1

39.939.940.340.941.7

39.740.238.237.356.4

33.531.428.025.423.2

21.321.019.818.917.3

15.313.111.411.010.59.5

22.523.023.1

30-34years

33

27.C27.428.229.233.0

37.537.233.229.728.3

27.828.127.526.824.6

22.020.417.315.714.6

13.311.410.09.27 .3

7.17 .06 .76 .36 .05 . 1

14.2

15.1

30 31

TOTAL W H I T E- c o n .

19671966

22.7 14.0 4.723.5 4 .9

1970....19691963... ..

37.138.133.641.445.6

49.350.249.046.746.5

45.144.140.536.835.6

33.531.027.624.822.8

19.918.016.415.715.6

12.110.18.88 . 47.87.2

21.122.422.1

3.63 . 63.84.04 . 1

4 . 54 . 44 . 34 . 03 . 9

8 .63.3

2 .8

2.72 .52.41.92 2

2.01 .91 .61 . 81 .8

1 . 61 . 31.31.21.41.2

p.2

142133

1241141029391

8380757 168

645440

224197184176170

168161151147149

142141134131126

1198849

1964196319621961

1960 . __1959

1957

19551954 _ _ _

__.1952 _ _ _1951

ANDOTHER

1965 _ _ _1963 4 _ _ _19621961

1945 .19441943 _ _ _1941...

WHITE

19701969 4.44.4

4.7 77.6 133.068.5 106.442.5 46.1

100.963.5 20.0

32.5 23.4 9 . 3

*Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaiicomputed by relating total illegitimate births regardless age of mother to

women aged 15-44 years.Rates total computed by relating illegitimate births to mothers aged 40 and over

t o unmarried women aged 40-44 years. Rates for race detail computed by relatingbirths to mothers aged 35 and over to women aged 35-44 years.

3 Includes Alaska.Excludes New Jersey; State did not require reporting of race.

52

VITAL STATISTICS

Series 36-41. Gross and Net Reproduction Rates, by Race: 1905-10 to 1970on 50-percent sample of estimated total live births for and on 20- to 50-percent sample for

19521951

B 36-48

-I-

36 37

1 637 1 579

Net reproduction rate

1 ,1681,1611 1661'213

1,3761,5071,5641 633

1,7151,7221,7361,7651,729

Gross reproduction rate

1 ,1251 113

1,

1,3141,4471,5061,5771,648

1,6621,6671,6751,7011,665

Net reproduction rate

1950

194819471946 _ _ _

Gross reproduction rate

1,505 1.4461,515 1,4621 514 1,469

1 5681,430

1 , 4 3 51 439

1'4301,344

1,1321 163

1 , 1 8 51 , 0 7 5

1,027975978984

1,336

__-Negro

andother

38

1 3871'3971'4001'492

1 1061'139

1 171

1,002958957972

1,339

Negroand

other

19651964196319621961

19592195819571956...

1,428 1,3571,564 1,4951,623 1,5561,695 1 6301,770

1,7201,7911,807 1 , 7 3 51,837 1 7641,798

Negroand

other

Year of birthof women

Total White

year

Negroand

other

1850-54

Total White

19401940191019101910

Year or period Total White

1845-491840-44

191019101910

1920-241915-19

1900-04

1895-991890-941885-891880-84

1870-74

1860-641855-591850-54

197019701960'1960'1950

19501940194019401940

1940194019101910

1845-49

1835-39

19101910

Year

197019691968...19671966

41

1,4331,4731,495

1,678

1 802

1 973

2,100

2,0932,1182,1782 , 2 0 62,184

2,1012 062

1

38

2 0622

1 9401'9061'8451'7661

49311,5431 4871

1,4221 3501'4131'336

39 40 41

1 897

1 7801 7431 67911,435

1 3231'3341'3481'293

1 2091 1081,1371 0741

1

1,5091,5541,5771,6761.785

1,9192,0512,1022 170

2 2412'271

2,339

2 255

2,118

2'339

1 563 1,5161,472

19451944194319421941

iIncludes Alaska.* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

Excludes New Jersey; State did not require reporting of race.

Series 42-48. Percent Distribution of Ever-Married Women (Survivors of Birth Cohorts of 1835-39 to 1920-24)by Race and by Number of Children Ever Born, as Reported in Censuses of 1910, 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970

Chil-dren

1,000women

Age ofwomenreport-

ing(years)

65-69

45-4950-5455-59

60-6465-6970-74

45-4950-5445-4950-5445-49

50-5445-4950-5455-5960-64

65-6970-7445-4950-5455-59

60-6465-69

year

Age of

ing[years:

Chil-dren

1,000women

Percent of women, bynumber ofPercent of women, by number of births

Year of birthof women ione None

42 43

and

44

and

45

14.615.717.718.318.2

18.718.519.1

13.110.93 . 98 . 99 .2

10.912.614.214.116.5

17.5

13.813.612.7

14.214.011.3

7 to 9 10 ormoreand and and t

45

7 to 9 10 ormore

46

11.211.817.419.020.5

20.921.721.8

10.58 .87.87.68.0

8.89.9

10.710.913.0

14.117.618.719.518.7

21.318.421.4

47

5.25.89 .8

10.81 2 . 5

12.613.013.4

5.85.45 .25.04 . 9

6 . 56 .17.38.89.2

11.013.825.528.730.8

30.930.335.4

48

3 5583'741

4 8175 082

5 1235'237

3 3943'0302'7612 '696

3 085

4,046

4 3474 89266'580

6 8837 035

3 '255 3 594

46 47

1 . 51 . 41 . 51 . 72 . 2

2 . 63 .13 . 64.24 . 7

5 . 86 .4

11.21 2 . 313.9

14.01 4 . 314.7

1 .01 . 01.11 . 41 . 9

2 . 32 .73 . 24 . 24 . 3

48

2,7012 854 2 '402

2

2 706

3 301 3

3 700

4 7444'972

5 2665 '364

2 '355

2 '998

2 7912'553

2'3132

2 66523 10633,349

2'354

42 43 44

TOTAL

1920-24

1910-141905-091900-04

1890-94

14.39.69.08 . 4

8.38.07.9

17.923.027.928.528.4

25.523.820.119.317.0

14.512.8

8 . 67.87.2

5.96.95 .4

28.326.622.920.919.1

18.818.217.5

31.333.033.234.031.9

30.928.125.626.523.0

22.118.117.916.416.1

13.916.312.4

25.025.722.722.021.3

20.820.620.3

21.418.916.916.017.6

17.419.522.121.421.3

20.922.615.514.014.5

13.814.114.1

19701970

1950

19501940194019401940

19401940191019101910

191019101910

19701970

196031950

19501940194019401940

45-4950-5445-49

45-49

50-5445-4950-5455-5960-64

65-6970-7445-4950-5455-59

60-6465-6970-74

45-4950-5445-4950-5445-49

60-5445-4950-5455-5960-64

10.613.818.110.810.4

18.616.816.616.715.0

13.912.39 . 58 .98.3

8.27.97 .7

9.912.917.120.01 9 . 5

18.01 6 . 31 6 . 41 6 . 716.6

39.943.144.243.2

39.035.333.130.730 .5

28.42 6 . 622.420.618.8

18.517.917.3

40.944.345.444.342.7

39.936.033.631.430.3

32.828.924.722.322.4

23.925.025.124.725.2

25.126.122.021.320.8

20.320.120.0

33.929.925.623.0

24.525.525.324.724.9

10.78 .87 . 87 . 88 . 4

10.012.21 3 . 11 4 . 11 4 . 4

15.216.01 7 . 317.917.8

18.318.118.7

10.58 . 67.67.68.3

10.012.113.013.713.9

4.53.93.84.2

5.87.78.69.6

10.3

11.612.517.619.020.4

20.821.621.6

3 .83.33 .33 . 84 . 6

5 . 47.48 . 49.29.9

NEGRO I

1845-49

WHITE

1900-04

Denotes first year for figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

53

49-98 VITAL STATISTICS AND HEALTH AND CARE

Series B 49-66. Children Ever Born to Women Ever Married, by and Age of Women: 1910 to

Children ever born per 1,000 women ever married, by age of womenPercent childless among women ever married, by age of women

50-59years

35-39years

10-24years

51

25-29years

52

35-39years

LO-44years

25-29years

30-34years

50-59years

15-44 15-19years years

58 59

20-24years

45-49years

56

1 0 . 618.120.416.89.5

9.917.119.516.39.6

17.927.928.423.88.6

10-34years

53

15-44 15-19years years

49 50

16.4 50.915.0 43.622.8 52.826.5 54.616.2 42.7

16.7 53.714.6 46.021.8 55.425.9 56.415.9 43.5

13.8 32.218.7 25.330.8 38.032.8 46.618.7 39.7

Year and race

54 55

8.614.120.017.410.4

8 . 113.018.916.710.4

13.024.730.125.810.5

57

15.620.718.116.68.7

14.720.017.516.58.8

24.428.125.119.87.4

61 63

2 5202'420

5,076

2 4702'3782'7863'180

2,9382 756

3,6606,709

60

1,0711 441

9871,407

1 0061'370

9411,344

1,6312,0301,4741,2341,696

2,8062 627

1,9642,956

2,7342,5592,034

2,8801,922

3,3953,1902,2502,2433,532

35.724.233.339.924.2

37.525.034.040.324.2

20.717.028.938.724.2

12.621.130.117.2

16.112.320.129.716.8

12.614.230.035.119.6

8.310.417.323.313.7

8.19 .7

15.822.313.4

9.415.830.8

16.5

1,9842 241

1,4632,180

1,9222 1 7 11'62012,099

2 541

1,9311,7612,645

3 170

2 2472'4143

3.0862,6292,2182,3693,683

3,8393,1392,4502,6664,515

2,3602,314 7921 859 604 1'904 572

725

2,285 5792.253 7291,828 5481,870 5392,806 699

2 976 1 026

2,089 9212 096 723

834

7.311.11 9 . 119.911.6

6.910.21 7 . 518.91 1 . 5

9 . 820.032.328.813.3

Series B 67-98. Number of Children Under 5 Years Old Per 1,000 Women 20 to 44Years Old, by Race and Residence,by Geographic Divisions: 1800 to 1970

[Adjusted data standardized for age of women, and allowance made for undercount in censuses; see text. For composition of geopraphic divisions, see text for series A

SeriesNo.

6768

697071

727374

757677

787980

818283

848586

878889

909192

939495

9697

Area

Unadjusted number of childrenper 1,000 white women:

East North Central 999 1,022 1,270 1,467 1 608 1 702UrbanRural 585 605 668 672 1,291 1,484 1,706 1,840

South Atlantic 469 625 572 464 593 694 760 779 851 811 918 937 1,140 1,174 1,280 1,325 1 , 3 4 5861

1,185 1,209 1,310 1,347 1,365_ _ _

West South Central 512 695 474 584 686 845 925 968 1,043 935 1,084 1,046 1,297 1,359 1,418 1,383

977 1,495 1,463 1,522 1,557Urban..

*Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.

54

VITAL STSTISTICS

1935-1939 1930-1934

Median interval in months from-First marriage of mother to birth of first child _ _ _ _Birth of first child to birth of second child Birth of second child to birth of third child.

SeriesNo.

_._._._.__. .

Race and interval

1965-1969--WHITE

1955-1959 1945-1949 1940-19441950-19541960-1964

Median interval in monthsFirst marriage of mother to birth of firstBirth of first child to birth of second child.-------Birth of second child to birth of child.......Birth of third child t o birth of fourth child........

15.5

35.0

14.525.931.631.2

16.228.233.030.4

17.730.731.3

18.432.933 .132.5

11.124.924.623.8

20.232.834.0

10.727.324.124.0

20 .1 20.332.0 32.234.2 31.832.8 38.1

99100101102

103104105106

NEGRO I12.9 11.922.8 27.622.6

9.023.323.822.1

11.923.423.322.9

12.723.323.422.4Birth of third child t o birth of fourth

B Not shown: base for estimate is too small (number of children reported by womensurviving to 1969 is less than 150,000).

Series B 107-115. Expectation of Life (in Years) a t Birth, by Race and Sex: 1900 to 1970[Prior t o 1929, for death-registration area See general note for series B

Negro and other TotalTotal White Negro and otherWhite

Fe-male

55.253.756.064.651.5

49.247.847.048.945.6

46.747.848.953.051.3

45.244.432.540.843.1

40.540.840.340.038.2

37.537.336.034.033.9

33.132.734.636.435.333.5

naleFe-

maleFe-

maledale Both

113

53.151.854.753.750.4

48.146.746.348.244.6

45.746.648.352.451.5

45.344.531.138.841.3

38.938.938.437.936.4

35.635.734.932.532.9

31.830.833 .134.633.733.0

114

51.350.253.552.819.5

47.345.745.647.643.7

44.945.547.751.851.6

45.544.529.937.039.6

37.537.136.735.934.6

33.834.233.831.131.8

29.629.131.732.932.232.5

Bothsexes

107

Male

108

MaleYear nale

112

i5.06

i4.5i4.7

i3.5i0 .3

i3.959.6

i2.4

59.6i1.932.9

55.657.413.255.355.2

57.557.555.756.254.9

52.054.253.360.451.4

50.649.552.553.851.048.7

Year Bothsexes

107

sexes

110 108115

69.468.467.568.267.4

67.467.266.566.867.0

66.366.565.865.56 6 . 1

66 .165.964.563.863.4

62.962.762.561.961.0

69.657.756.158.255.3

54.956.054.352.551.4

112

75.675.174.975.174.7

74.774.674.474.474.5

74.174.273.973.773.9

73.773.773.072.672.4

72.271.97170.570.3

69.568.465.769.468.5

6 6 . 666.666.863.861.9

1967..............1966..............1965..............1964..............196319621961..............1960 *.............19591958..............1957..............

1955..............1954..............1953..............1952

1950...........................

1948..............1946..............

............1944..............1942..............

1940..............1939..............1938..............

70.970.570.270.570.1

70.270.269.970.070.2

69.769.969.669.569.7

69.669.668.868.668.4

68.268.067.266.866.7

65.965.263.366.264.8

62.963.763.560.058.5

6 7 . 166.366 .667.066.7

66.866.966.666.867.0

6 G . 666.86 6 . 666.466.7

66.766.766 .065.865.6

65.665.264.664.464.4

63.663.662.464.763 .1

60.862.161.958.056.6

74.874.374.074.273.8

73.773.773.473.473.6

73.173.272.972.772.9

72.872.872.071.671.4

71.170.769.969.769.4

67.966.864.467.966.8

65.265.465.362.460.6

j3.9 62.9 61.0i3.3 62.4 50.6j 5 . 1 64.3 ti2.7

63.2 62.062.6 60.8

61.4 59.758.7 58.6 57.258.3 58.4 57.0

62.0 60.558.0 57.0

50.6 60.7 59.331.5 61.4 69.8

58.3 57.160.4 59.1

61.8 61.8 60.8

54.6 54.9 54.456.0 55.8 54.542.2 39.8 37.154.0 52.0 49.354.3 52.5 50.2

56.3 55 .1 53.156.8 54.9 52.755.0 53.0 50.855.9 53.9 51.954.4 53.0 51.3

51.8 50.3 48.653.8 52.5 50.952.8 51.5 49.949.9 48 .1 46.050.8 49.3 47.3

59.959.3

58.155.8

59.055.5

57.658.156.158.46 0 . 0

53.653.536.648.449.6

52.552.050.351.550.9

48.450.549.545.646.9

47.346.249.149.847.646.3

61.761.1

............. 63.3

............. 62.1........... 61.1

71.7 68.071.3 67.871 .1 67.571.3 67.871.0 67.6

71.0 67.671.0 G7.770.8 67.570.9 67.671.0 67.8

70.6 67.470.7 67.570.5 67.470.3 67.770.5 67.5

70.5 67.470.5 67.569.7 66.869.5 66.669.3 66.5

69.1 66.568.8 66.268.0 65.567.6 65.267.5

6 6 . 8 64.466.2 64.564.2 63.267.3 65.966.2 64.4

64.2 62 .164.9 63.365.0 63.261.4 59.359.8 58.0

........... 59.7............. 57.1

56.360.456.7

54.1 61.164.1 6 1 . 163.6 60.964.1 61.564.4 61.9

63.6 61.163.9 61.363.4 61.063.0 60.763.6 61.3

59.0.......................... 57.2

59.6.............

1920............. 54.11919............. 54.71918............. 39.11917.............1916............. 51.71915 54.5

54.219131912.............1911 _ _ _ 52.61910............. 50.C

............. 52.11908............. 51.11907............. 47.f

48.7

1905............. 48.747.f

1903 _ _ _ 50. E1902............. 51.E1901............. 49.1

............

63.763.4 61.162.0 59.761.4 59.161.2 59.2

60.8 59.16 0 . 660.0 58.159.7 57.959 .1 57.5

57.7 56.155.8

55.6 55.456.653.8

53.1 51.E54.5 53.252.9 51.750.349.0 47.C

50.2 49.1 47.649.1 48.0 46.652.0 50.9 49.563.4 51.9 50.250.6 49.4 48.048.3 47.6 46.6I

Includes Alaska.*Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. Excludes New Jersey; State did not require reporting of race.

55

B

Year or period

--WHITE

VITAL STATISTICS AND HEALTH AND MEDICAL CARE

Series B Expectation of Life a t Specified Ages, by Sex and Race: 1900 to 1970

Male

116

[In years]

Year orperiod

---

Age 70

Male Fe- ' Male Fe- Male Fe- Male Fe- Male Fe-male male male male male

126 127 128 129 130 131 132 ~ 133 ~ 134 135

----__--I_--

Age 20

Year or Male Fe-period male

I 126 127

Age 40

Male Fe- Male Fe- Malemale male ______-----

128 129 130 I 131 132

At birth

1909-111900-02

Age 6 0

66.7 72.1 49.3 54.2 30.763 3 6 47.4 51 0 29 8

54.1 56.6 44.6 45.5 28.849.3 53 1 42.5 44 9 27 0

46.1

46.1

Male

44.11890 42.5

41.71855 38.71850 38.3

Female

125

46.6 41.2 42.8 27.4 29.0 14.4 15.7 9 . 3 10.444.5 40.7 42.0 27.4 28.8 14.7 15.7 9 . 4 10.243.5 42.2 42.8 28.9 30.3 16.9 10.3 11.340.9 39.8 39.9 27.0 28.8 14.4 16.640.5 40.1 40.2 27.9 29.8 15.6 17.0 10.2

Female

9.99 . 18.98.98.68.9

Male

11.610.29 .99 .69.59.6

Female Female Female

123

Male

124118 119 120 121 122117

50.3

49.950.2

50.250.2

50.250.4

50.3

49.950.1

50.149.547.846.045.6

42.742.442.2

44.743.943.644.844.6

68.067.867.567.867.6

67.667.767.567.667.8

67.467.667.267.167.3

67.366.362.859.156.3

50.249.348.2

61.360.560.161.160.7

6 1 . 16 1 . 160.961.561.9

61.161.460.660.36 1 . 1

61.258.952.347.647.1

34.132.5

75.675 .174.975 .174.7

74.774.674.474.474.5

74 .174.273.773.573.7

73.672.067.362.758.5

53.652.55 1 . 1

69.463.467.568.267.4

67.467.266.566.867.0

66.366.56 5 . 565.265.9

65.962.755.549.546.9

37.735.0

57.456.956.756.956.7

56.656.656.456.456.6

5 6 . 256.355.955.755.9

55.854.651.448.546.5

44.944.443.8

52.251.250.551.350.7

50.850.650.050.250.5

49.9

49.348.949.4

49.646.842.137.237.2

36 .186.9

31.931.831.631.831.6

31.731.831.631.731.9

31.631.831.531.431.6

31.731.230.029.229.9

27.427.627.7

28.627.827.428.328.0

28.328.528.128.629.0

28.428.828.027.828.5

23.627.325.223.426.5

21.623.1

38.337.837.637.837.5

37.537.537.337.337.4

37.137.236.736.636.7

36.735.633.331.530.9

29.329.329.2

34.233.332.733.132.8

32.832.732.132.432.6

32.132.431.F

31.E

32.C29.E

23.324.4

16.216.0

16 .1

16.016.0

16.016.1

15.016 .115.715.715.9

16.015.815.114.715.3

14.014.214.4

15.714.914.515.314.9

15.115.214.615.015.3

14.915.514.514.515.2

15.414.914.413.214.7

11.712.6

21.020.520.220.420.2

2 0 . 120.119.919.920.0

19.719.719.219.219.3

19.31R.617.016 .115.9

14.91 5 . 115.2

19.418.517.918.718.1

18.218.117.517.7l R . C

17.718.217.417.417.E

18.117.C

14.2

12.E

10.510.410.210.410.3

10.310.410.210.310.4

10.210.41 0 . 11 0 . 110.3

13.613.012.913.012.8

12.812.812.512.512.6

12.412.512.012.112.2

12.211.710.510.0

9.9

9.4

9.6

10.31 0 . 19 . 49 .29 .5

8 .8

9.0

11.210.910.511.211.0

13.713.713.213.913.4

13.513.412.812.913.0

12.713.013.113.213.6

13.812.311.810.410.3

9.29.6

46.146.345.145.646.0

45.645.845.044.745.4

45.543.739.736.038.4

33.535 .1

11.211.410.710.911.2

10.711.210.911.1

10.18.E9.6

8.3

* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.NA Not available.

Data for 1929-31t o 1958 are for conterminous United States, those for 1919-21 fordeath-registration States of 1920 (34 States and the District Columbia); forearlier years, for death-registration States of 1900 (20 States and the District of

Excludes New Jersey: State did not require reporting of race.3 Includes Alaska.

Negroes only.

Columbia).

Series B 126-135. Expectation of Life at Specified Ages, by Sex, for Massachusetts: 1850 t o 1949-51[Inyears]

At birth Age 20 Age 40 Age 70

male

For white population only.NA Not available.

56

VITAL STATISTICS B

Series B Fetal Death Ratio; Neonatal, Infant, and Maternal Mortality Rates, by Race: 1915 to 1970[Prior to 1933,for registration area only. See general note for series B

I145

Fetal death ratioper 1,000live births

146

mortality rateper 10,000live births

Infant mortality rate per 1,000live births

Neonatal mortality rateper 1,000live births

Year Total White Total

139

Total White

142

Jegro andother

andother

144

andother

138

White

140

legro andother

141 147

5.65.66.47.07.28.49.09.79.610.1

12.412.413.813.513.613.914.113.713.914.1

14.114.214.514.514.615.215.515.916.116.7

17.117.518.318.720.421.424.524.225.526.5

27.728.228.129.229.831.131.432.232.733.4

34.034.435.034.835.135.135.835.936.4

22.622.525.625.826.127.228.226.726.727.0

26.827.327.526.827.228.423.929.632.232.1

32.534.636.539.640.942.045.446.249.354.0

56.75961.163.266.968.770.171.174.474.1

79.979.781.574.87373.176.27173.4

15.1

16.116.517.217.717.918.21818.4

18.719.019.519.118.919.119.119.619.820.0

20.521.422.222.824.024.324.724.725.727.7

2829.329.631.332.632.434.134.033.534.6

35.736.937.236.137.937.838.639.539.739.7

41.541.544.243.444.144.4

17.818.419.219.720.621.521.622.222.322.4

22.923.223.823.323.223.623.925.025.525.8

26.828.929.930.131.835.636.937.537.341.2

43.244.347.150.362.951.9454.5

"53.357.4

60.163.264.C

70.C686673.173'72

82.1

9790.t9998

30.932.934.535.938.840.341.141.641.440.7

43.244.045.743.742.142.842.944.747.044.8

44.547.346.548.549.557.060.362.564.674.8

74.279.183.287.683.294.491.38 6 . 293.1

99.9102.2

100.1111.8110112.9117.4110108.5

131.7130.5161.2150.7184.9181.2

1.41.51.72.02.02.12.22.42.42.5

2.62.62.622.93.33.74.44.95.5

6.16.8

10.913.117.218.921.122.226.6

32.035.337.743.651.253.1

454.4456.4458.160.1

60.963.162.759.461.960.360.762.662.864.4

76.069.688.963.260.860.1

2.22.22.52.82.93.23.3

3.7

3.7

3.84.14.14.75.26.16.87.5

8.39.011.713.515.720.72224.525.931.7

37.640.443.548.956.858.2

63.366.1

67.369.569.264.765 .664.76 5 . 666.566.468.2

73.973.791.666.262.260.8

13.814.214.715.015.616.116.216.716.916.9

17.217.517.817.617.517.717.618.318.513.9

19.420.321.221.723.123.323.623.724.b26.1

27.227.828.329.731.031432.3432.1

33.2

34.235.635.73537.136.837.438.6

38.7

40.440.343.34243

.a

20.020.92122.423.724.724.825.225.325.3

21.422.523.023.824.8

26.526.126.126.2

26.927.729.027.827.027.227.027.428.027.3

27.528.629.13131.532.032.532.934.639.0

39.739.639.142.143.942.7445.34 45.843.745.2

47.447.348.846.14849.561.249.949.950.3

55.c55.2

58.C68

15.315.615 7

16.415.815.916.1

16.116.216.516.316.517.117.517.818.318

19.21920.621.122.823.927.026.728.229.9

31.332.032.133.434.435.836.237.037.838.2

39.239.540.238.838.138.139.338.933.4

26.026.427.126.326.026.426.627.828.428.4

910.210.211.811.113.014.416.618.820.1

29.231.33232.233.838.339.840.440.445.3

22.223.530.133.535.445.550.651.054.467.8

77.476.234.985.897.294.6

4 89.7

47.048

54.457.155.760.158.157.661.6 111.4

117.4119.9121.0113.3107.1116.2117.9109.5106.8107.7

64.667.668.764.673.3

70.8

76.275.6

128.1124.4139.3117.7117.9105.6

85.886.6100.993.810199.9

* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.For 1945-1970,includes only deaths for which the period of gestation was given as20

For earlier years, includes all fetal deaths, regardless ofIn 1945ratios on all fetal deaths, regardless of gestation, were: Total,

Figures by race exclude New Jersey; State did not require reporting ofIncludes Alaska.

4 Mexicans included with Negro and other.weeks or more or not stated. gestation.26.6;white, 24.1;Negro and other, 44.6.

Series B 148. Infant Mortality Rate, for Massachusetts: 1851 to 1970[Deaths under 1 year per live births. Excludes fetal deaths. Data for 1940 to 1968are by place of residence; for other years, by place of occurrence]

RateYear or period

RatePeriod

RateYear Period

148

16.818.319.920.021.222.219.820.621.8

34.343.253.967.678.7100.2116.7134.3141.4

Excludes approximately 6,000 deathsresidents of the State, covering all ages.

registered in Massachusetts, primarily to

57

B 149-166 VITAL STATISTICS AND ASD MEDICAL CARE

Year

Series 149-166. Death Rate, for Selected Causes: to 1970[Number of deaths, excluding fetal deaths, per 100,000 population. Prior t o 1933, for area only; see general note for series B

Tubeculosi

allform

nanlneo-

plasm

153--

andpara. theri

154

feverand

sorethroat

3.66.6

6.08.6

11.411.112.49 .37.3

Diabrmr

1 1 5 . 217.218.117.618.4

21.119.921.924.22 6 . 3

6.811.612.311.913.69.6

23.529.331.1

33.640.3

Gas-tritis,

enteritis,and

Majc

vas-cularrena

159

and

160

lae

150

m o oing

155

Mealiver

0

163

Acci

164

8 .

1 0

10. :

101 010

10.110.110.112. '12. .

12.:1213.1

13.!

13.1

16.1

16 . i

17.217.119.e20.420.E

19.218.E15.114.814.6

14.714.514.114.014.0

15.413.112.81 2 . 111.4

1111.312.714.8

14.815.015.415.4

L5.4

9

1970. 2

19681967... 3 ,1966

1.41 . 9

2 . 12.02 . 022 . 2

1 .92 . 11 .92 . 32 . 5

2 .73.13.53 . 55 .3

4.62.83.13.53.1

1

156 157

162.1

1 5 5 . :

153151

149

149

146

147.E

146145.f144143140.E

139138134.9132.3

134.0128.8124.3122.0120.1

120.3117.5114.9112.4111.4

108.2106.4102.5102.399.0

97.495.895.795.294.6

92.090.488.486.285.5

83.4

80.880.881.0

80.778.778.577.074.2

76.274.0

71.469.3

73.471.570.066.866.464.0

158

18.119.119.2

17.11 6

16.E1 6 . 4

1 6 . 715.915.91 6 . 015.7

15.515.616.316.416.3

16.216.926.426.224.8

26.526.327.125.425.4

26.625.523.923.723.7

22.322.221.422.020.4

1 9 . 118.819.017.417.9

1 6 . 816.417.718.316.7

16.115.016.116.916.9

17.616.215.415.115.1

15.314.113.814.213.4

1 4 . 114.212.711.711.611.0

161

0.6

33 . 9

4.14 .34 . 44 . 44 .3

4.44.44 .54.74 .5

4 .74 .96.45.65.2

5 . 16 .76.05.65.8

8 .79.99.68.8

10.5

10.311 .61 4 . 314.716.4

1 4 . 118.417.31 6 . 120.5

2623.326.427.132.9

38.633.78 9 . 138.950.7

53.755.272.275.275.5

67.575.186.779.686.8

15.401.812.51523.6

18.411.500.304.918.542.7

C

162

14.1

12.112.:

11

1 01 0 . t11.:10.:

1 01 0 .I

9.2

10.4

9.F8. f9.39.48.9

3.68.38 . 38.58.3

7.97.77 .47.27 .4

7.27.27 . 57.47 .2

7.27.37 . 17 .47.3

7 . 17.99 .6

10.911

12.112.512.913.113.6

13.313.413.514.814.1

14.013.913.513.013.112.5

165 166

1 .1

1.11.41 . 41 . 51 .6

1 . 61 . 7

2.22 .3

2 . 33.03 . 33 . 74 .1

5.05 .88.08 . 89.3

10.611.212.112.213.3

14.415.015.91 6 . 116.2

15.415.915.115.415.4

15.715.616.416.417.1

17.317.817.918.017.5

16.516.218.719.118.6

17.716.716.215.115.3

13.512.912.412.414.1

13.813.913.212.912.512.0

1.11.51.92.12 . 5

2.83.43.63.74.5

4.84.24.95.36.4

7.86.66.77.48.8

7.69.2

12.313.313.2

31.814.717.516.120.1

22.520.223.428.230.9

22.4

24.626.417.631.3

.I

1.4

1.31.42.51.92.8

2.22.33 .73.92 .1

3 . 75.93.64.53.9

4.86.25.46 .88 .8

6 .78 . 19.65.59 . 1

12.55.6

17.010.510.5

8.210.21 0 . 1

9.21 1 . 0

11 .610.010.711.316.1

8.95.8

14.312.48.7

12.2

1 . 41.c1.c1 .7

2.51.21 .0

3 .15.52.21.63.0

3 .22.55.24.18 . 3

2.38.2

10.74.34.2

8.83.9

10.814.111.4

5.26.8

12.87.29.9

12.410.010.69.6

12.9

7.411.38 .89.37 .4

13.3

496.

512.

521.2

521

521.1.!

523

495.1514511513

510502.1

491476

508500.1510479.E475.2

485466.3456.8454.E461.1

431.2430.0413.6418.2407.1

414.4418.9419.1398.3410.6

391.5383.4380.8366.6351.2

364.9348.6387.0396.4389.4

383.5374.5370.6375.7366.5

371.9962.0956.7389.8364.3

33.E

28.E

31.931.137.532.330.1

37.331.233.1

28.2

27.125.43329.731.4

31.330.038.74344.5

51.661.667.155.763.3

70.375.780.4114.9

04.296.995.707.307.5

02.546.542.502.241.7

21.715.251.732.398.7

07.323.088.564.563.3

145.9132.4140.8

145.4

155.9148.1150.9180.0156.3

169.3192.1169.3161.3197.2202.2

21.221.220.720.220.7

20.119.820.11919.4

20.420.120.421.120.9

21.221.523.124.024.5

23.724.328.229.729.8

33.236.037.733.529.2

29.828.127.230.034.9

30.132.031.832.436.1

38.439.740.841.54 3 . 3

46.34 5 . 446.943.84 4 . 1

47.950.559.562.6

52.957.56 4 . 562.666.5

67.077.582.134.134

31.335.431.472.5

72.3

11.611.110.71010.9

11.110.811.010.910.4

10.610.610.79 . 8

10.0

10.210 .11 0 . 11 0 . 010.4

11.411.411.211.511.5

11.210.0

112.8

14.414.1

14.8

1 4 . 314.9

1'7.4

15.618.91 3 . 513.2

12.011.91111.71 2 . 4

1 0 . 211.512.31313.7

16.21 6 . 115.41 5 . 616

16.016.814.51 2

1 3 . 51 2 . 211 31 0 . 41 0 . 2

26.227.t

26.527.1

25.4

23.122.c20

21.321.E2122.723.7

23.422.124.024.324.1

23.121.322.122.823.9

21.218.317.721.130.0

26.224.725.130.829.7

28.628.625.023.627.1

26.726.523.221.619.9

16.815.314.612.411.3

10.39.39 .38 .67.1

5.84 . 23 .82.82.1

1.81.2

19651964....19631962

4.445 .5

6 .67 .78

9

121520

22.t26

33.i36.4

39.E41 .I 42.143.1

46.947.149.158.855.9

101965....195319621951

195019491948......19471946

1945...1944...194319421941....1940193919381937 _ _ _1936

384.0388.8I R A A

147.7345.2

* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.Z Less than 0.05.11900-1920, excludes aneurysm of the aorta.

pneumonia newborn; excludesnewborn; includes ulcer of

neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues.

excludes collisions with trains and streetcars, andaccidents.

58

VITAL STATISTICS 167-180

Series Death Rate, by Race and Sex: 1900 to 1970[Number of deaths, excluding fetal deaths, per 1,000 population. Prior to 1933 for death-registration area only; see general note for series

Year

1969...1968...1967...1966...

19631962

.19601959 .1956...

1953....

1951...

.1946...

1944...1943...1941...

1915

White

9.59 .59.79.49 .5

9 .49.49.69 . 59 .3

0 . 59 . 49 . 59.69.4

9 .39.29.69.69 . 7

9 . 69.79 .9

10.110.0

10 .610 .610.910.310.5

10.810.610.611.31 1 . 6

10.9

10.710.911.1

11.311.912.0

12.1

11.711.612.111.711.5

13.012.918.114.013.8

13.213.313.813.613.9

14.714.214.715.915.7

15.916.4

16.417.2

11.1

9 . 49 . 5

9 . 4

9 . 59 . 49 . 3

9 . 39 . 49 . 59 . 3

9 . 29 . 19 . 49 . 49 . 5

9 . 59 . 59 . 79 . 99 . 8

10.410.410.71 0 . 110.2

10.410.310.3

11.1

10.610.61 0 . 3

10.6

10.811.311.410.811.6

11.111.011.711.311.1

12.612.41 7 . 513.513.4

12.913.01 3 . 513.413.7

14.514.014.515.715.5

15.716.215.415.316.217.0

10.910.911.110.810.9

10.810.811.01 0 . 810.7

11.01 0 . 810.911.010.8

10.710.611.011.011.0

10.911.011.211.411.2

12.512.212.211.411.4

11.611.311.312.012.3

11.611.711.211.311.6

11.712.212.311.61 2 . 3

11.811.812.311.911.6

13.013.019.31 4 . 614.4

14.5

14.E

14..

17.1

17.1

Death rate _---Negro and other

Female

170

8 . 18 . 28 . 28 . 08 . 1

8 . 08 . 08 . 18 . 07 . 8

8 . 07 . 98 . 08 . 07 . 8

7 . 87 . 68.08 .08 . 0

8 . 08 . 18.38 . 58 . 5

8 . 68 . 89 . 28 . 78 . 9

9 .29 .29 . 29 .69 .9

9 . 59.69 . 39.69.6

9 .810.410.510.0

10.4

11.c

10.f

12.1

12.12.:

12.1

15.:

14..

16.:

13.1

Bothsexes

171

9.49 . 69.99 . 49 . 7

9 . 69 . 7

10 1

9 . 6

10.19.9

1 0 . 3

10.1

10.01 0 . 110.811.011.1

11.211.211.411.411.1

11.912.412.812.713.5

13.813.514.014.916.4

14.314.814.114.515.5

16.316.917.116.417.8

17.417.116.515.215.5

1 7 . 717.9

20.41 9 . 1

20.220.220.320.621.3

21.7

22.424.224.2

25.526.124.523. t

25.c

Male

172

11.211.311.610.911.3

11.111.1

11.210.9

11.6

11.4

11.311.412.3

12.5

12.512.512.712.512.2

13.513.814.014.014.8

15.114.715.216.416.9

15.6

15.1

17.4

15. '

18.26.'

20.

21.21.

22.22.22

24.25.25.

__-Female

173

7 . 88 . 08 . 37.98 . 3

8 . 28 . 38 . 78 . 58 . 4

8 . 78 . 69 . 09 . 18 . 8

8.88 . 89.49.f

1o.c10.110.:

11.1

12.:

12.t

13.'

13.13.13.14.

16.15.

16.16.16.

15.

17.17.

18.

19

19

21222323

242423222324

Age-adjusted death rate

White-__---Total

Both Male

7 . 17 . 37 . 57 . 37.5

7.47 .47.67 .57.4

7 .67 . 57.77 . 87.6

7.77 . 68.08.18 . 3

8.48 . 58 . 89 .09 . 1

9.59.7

10.29.9

10.3

10.810.71 0 . 911.712.2

11.611.911 .611.912.1

12.513.213.412.613.5

13.012.913.513.012.7

14.214.019.015.3

14.414.515.014.815.2

15.815.315.817.116.7

1 6 . 71 7 . 316.516.217.217.8

6.86.97.16.97.1

7 .17 . 17.27.17.0

7.37.27 . 37.47.3

7 . 47.37 . 77.87 .9

8.08 . 18 . 38.68 . 8

9 . 19 . 39 . 79 . 49 . 7

10.210.210.311.1

11.111.311.011.311.4

11.712.412.611.912.7

12.312.212.912.612.2

13.713.418.414.714.7

14.114.114.614.614.9

15.615.015.516.816.4

1 6 . 517.116.216.017.017.6

8 . 99 . 09 .29 .09 . 2

9 . 19 . 09 . 29 .08 . 9

9 . 29 . 09 . 19 . 29 . 1

9 . 19 . 09 . 49 . 59 .6

9 .69 . 7

10.1

10.510.E

11.:

12.1

12.112.:12.

13.13.12.13.

13.13.13.13.12.

14.

20.16.

15.

16

17.

17.18

18.18.

Fem