Sequence of tenses

Principal(Main) clause

(головне речення)

Subordinate clause(підрядне речення)

Present or the future tense

any tense, depending upon the sense to be expressed.E.g: He says that he is fine.He says that he was fine.He says that he will be fine.

Past tensePresent simple/continuous/perfect Past simp./ cont./ perf.

E.g: My friend said, "I want to go to England."  My friend said that he wanted to go to England.

He said, "She is playing tennis now."  He said that she was playing tennis then.

He said, "You haven't told us the truth."  He said that she hadn't told them the truth.

Past simple Past perfectE.g: He said, "Tom phoned yesterday."    He said that Tom had phoned the day before.

Past continuous Past continuousE.g: He said, "She was watering the flowers."   He said that she was watering the flowers.

Past Perfect Past PerfectE.g: He said, "She had painted the wall."    He said that she had painted the wall.

Future Simple Future-in-the Past E.g: He said, "It will rain tomorrow."  He said that it would rain the next day.

Пряма мова Непряма мова

now (зараз) then (тоді)

here (тут) there (там)

this, these (цей, це, ці) that / those (той, то, ті)

today (сьогодні) that day (в той день)

tomorrow (завтра) the next day (the following day) (на наступний день)

yesterday (вчора) the day before

next week / year (на наступному тижні / на наступний рік)

the following week / year (на наступному тижні / на наступний рік)

last week (минулого тижня) the week before (за тиждень до)