separation of mixtures
DESCRIPTION
Separation of Mixtures. Mixtures may be separated by many different techniques based on differing physical and/or chemical properties. Sorting. Simply picking apart the different components This can be easy and obvious… Sort the laundry into colored and whites! Or it can be challenging… - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures may be separated by many different techniques based on differing
physical and/or chemical properties
SortingSimply picking apart the different components
This can be easy and obvious…Sort the laundry into colored and whites!
Or it can be challenging…An organic chemist who used a microscope to sort out mirror image crystals of a compound
SievingUsing screens to sort by size
Sifting flour or sugar… or gold nuggetsor soil
FiltrationParticles separated form liquid or gas
Coffee, Furnace,Lab filter setup with funnel
DecantationPouring liquid off of settled mixture
Or remove a layer of liquid
Wine from sedimentCleaner water in water treatment plant
MagnetismIron from aluminum, plastic, and paperat recycling plant
Cow magnets!
DensityDifferent types of plastic at recycling plant
Oil on water
DissolvingIf one substance dissolves and another doesn’t
Salt and sand…salt dissolves in water…sand doesn’t…sand settles
Tea flavor from tea leaves…flavor and color dissolves…tea leaves don’t…the bag acts as a filter
CentrifugationSpinning to pull heavier part of mixture to bottom
Blood cells are separated from serum
The spin cycle in the washer removes water from clothes
DistillationDifferences in boiling points can be used to separate liquids
(differences in freezing and sublimation points may also be used )
Alcohol in stillsOil refineries
ChromatographyFrom “chroma” meaning color because this technique was first used for dyes
A mobile phase carries sample along over or through a stationary phase.
Components are separated because they have different attractions for the phases.
Paper chromatography to separate pigments in ink is one example
There are many variations for many different mixtures
EvaporationRemove a liquid from a solid
Sea salt isolated by evaporating sea water in shallow ponds
Solids may also be purified by recrystallization
ShakingMotion… a dog shaking to remove water Gravity/density… gentle shaking causes dense items to sink and less dense to rise
As you can see, almost any difference in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures physically
Differences in chemical properties can also be used to separate mixtures chemicallt. For example, oil floats on water (physical difference in density) and burns, but water does not (chemical property of flammability)
This picture shows an oil spill being contained and burned.
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
are limited only by people’s ingenuity!