Sep. 3, 2003

Presented by Jong-Rim LEE

Korea Electric Power Research Institute, KEPCO

Earthquake Monitoring System for Power Facilities in Korea

Presentation Topics Introduction

Earthquake Monitoring System for Nuclear Power Plants

for Fossil Power Plant & Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plants

KEPRI EMC (Earthquake Monitoring Center)

Early Warning System Earthquake occurrence information by SMS (Short Message Service)

Establishment of KISS (Korea Integrated Seismic System)

Rapid Earthquake Damage Evaluation Program

Earthquake Damage Assessment Program for NPP Containment Structure

Conclusion and Future Plan

Introduction Is the Korean Peninsula safe enough from Earthquake ?

Historical records ( AD 2 - 1904 )

Quite a few severe earthquakes occurredEpicenters of historical earthquake( by KIGAM Web Site )

Y Y /M M /D D MMI Y Y /M M /D D MMI Y Y /M M /D D MMI

27/12/?? 9 1405/03/12 9 1613/07/16 8

89/06/?? 9 1436/05/29 9 1643/07/24 9

304/09/?? 9 1455/01/24 9 1670/10/30 8

510/05/?? 9 1518/07/02 9 1681/06/12 8

779/03/?? 9 1593/10/08 8 1700/04/29 8

1036/07/23 9 1594/11/20 8 1810/02/19 9

Introduction (cont.) Instrumental records since 1905 1936/06/04 (ML=4.8) Ssanggesa earthquake

1978/10/07 (ML=5.0) Hongsung earthquake

1981/04/15 (ML=4.8) Pohang earthquake

1996/12/26 (ML=4.5) Yeongweoul earthquake

2003/03/29 (ML=4.9) Jindo earthquake. Etc.

Frequency rate of earthquake occurrence (since 1978)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60(Frequency)

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02Epicenters of instrumental earthquake(by KIGAM Web Site)

Introduction (cont.)

Lessons learned from Kobe & Chi-Chi earthquakes To minimize earthquake damage for power facilities

Systematic preventive system is required

Objectives of establishing earthquake monitoring system

for power facilities Real time earthquake monitoring and analysis

Immediate post-earthquake safety evaluation

Verification of the aseismic safety of structure and equipment

Earthquake Monitoring for NPP Sites (1)

Objectives

Development of seismic safety-related technologies

Post-earthquake procedure for NPP

Seismic design considering site-specific geological & seismological characteristics

(by 10 CFR Part 100, Subpart A, B)

Obligation of seismic monitoring system for new NPPs (by R.G. 1.165)

Derivation of attenuation formulas and site specific response spectra etc.

Evaluation of fault activity and seismic data acquisition

Distribution of earthquake data

Establishment of integrated seismic assessment programs

Earthquake Monitoring for NPP Sites (2)

: 13 stations in and around NPP sites

• Kori : 1 (4) • Wolsung : 1 (3) • Younggwang : 1 (1) • Uljin : 1 (1)

Location

Uljin NPP

Wolsung NPP

Yeonggwang NPP Kori NPP

KEPRI

KEPCO

KEPRI Earthquake Observatory Station

Instrumentation

Earthquake Monitoring for NPP Sites (3)

• Dual Sensor (Seismometer, Strong Ground-Motion Sensor)

- Seismometer (Short period) : Observation of local earthquake - Strong Ground Motion Sensor (Accelerometer) : Recording strong ground motion which is beyond capacity of seismometer

• Recorder(24 bit A/D board), Communication Equipment

Strong Ground- Motion Sensor Seismometer Recorder

Earthquake Monitoring for NPP Sites (4)

Data Transmission

T1(1.5 Mbps)

56 Kbps(leased line)

100 Mbps100 Mbps

KEPRI EMC

10 Mbps10 Mbps

(Router)

(Router)

(leased line)

KIGAMKISSserver

stationDial-up

Earthquake Monitoring for Fossil & Hydroelectric Power Plants (1)

Objectives

Re-examination of aseismic design

Instruction by Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy

Assessment of aseismic performance of major structures in fossil

& hydroelectric power plants

Post-earthquake procedures for fossil & hydroelectric power plants

: 12 monitoring system

• 9 Fossil Power Plants - Free field - Upper/lower boiler building• 3 Pumped-Storage Power Plants - Free field - Upper/lower Dam

Location

KEPRI

KEPCO

KEPRI Earthquake Observatory Station

Earthquake Monitoring for Fossil & Hydroelectric Power Plants (2)

Instrumentation• Strong Ground Motion Sensor (Accelerometer)• Recorder - Free field : Q330 - Structure : Autosys (Developed by KEPRI) • Communication Equipment - MDSL (Multi-rate Digital Subscribe Line) equipment, etc.

Strong Ground-Motion Sensor

Recorder (Q330) Recorder (Autosys)

Earthquake Monitoring for Fossil & Hydroelectric Power Plants (3)

Data Transmission

Basement of the Dam

Tunnel

Top of the Dam

RecorderBasement of the

boiler building

RecorderFree filed

Recorder

Top of the boiler building

Free filed

KEPRI EMC

MDSL MDSL전용선 Recorder

MDSL MDSL전용선 Recorder

MDSL MDSL전용선 Recorder

MDSL MDSL전용선 Recorder

HUB MDSL MDSL전용선

MDSL MDSL전용선

MDSL MDSL전용선

Server of Fossil

Power Plants

HUBServer of Pumped-Storage

Hydroelectric Power Plants

Earthquake Monitoring for Fossil & Hydroelectric Power Plants (4)

KEPRI EMC (Earthquake Monitoring Center)-(1)

Automatic Analysis Process

Acquisition of seismic data

Real time data monitoring & data transmitting

Management of seismic data

Automatic analysis & interpretation

Interactive data analysis

Data archiving

Applied to research work

0.001621g

0.001964g0.000061g

KEPRI EMC (Earthquake Monitoring Center)-(2)

Data Transmission to MCR of NPP in real time

(Earthquake monitoring)

(Map of epicenter & PGA value)

SMS (Short Message Service)

Objectives

• To inform severe earthquake occurrence

within seconds to the researchers

via the cellular phone

• In case that

- ground motion level exceeds 1/1000g

- magnitude of earthquake > 4.0

KMA Earthquake Alarm Service

Objectives : Automatically receiving the information of earthquake occurrence (Especially, warning for felt earthquake occurrence)

KISS (Korea Integrated Seismic System) - (1)

Objectives

: Sharing earthquake data with KEPRI, KMA, KIGAM, KINS, Universities

Establishment of a nationwide seismic network & D/B

Using earthquake data efficiently

Reducing damage due to an earthquake disaster

What is KISS ?

• A set of network program and hardware system

• Similar to LISS (Live Internet Seismic Service) of Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory in USA

KISS (Korea Integrated Seismic System) - (2)• Seismic Network of Korea

(by Lee, H.I. et al., 2002)

KEPRI KMA KIGAM KINS

BROAD BAND SHORT PERIOD Only ACCEL. ARRAY BORE HOLE

KISS (Korea Integrated Seismic System) - (3)

KISS Server

KEMC

KISS

Station

Buffer

Antalope

KISS

Station

Buffer

KEMS

KISS

Station

Buffer

KEMS

KISS

Station

Buffer

KEMS

KISS

Station

Buffer

KEPRI

KIGAM

KINS KMA

• Schematic diagram of KISS

( by Lee, H.I. et al., 2002 )

Rapid earthquake damage evaluation system (1)• Schematic diagrams of earthquake processing & reporting system

P-wave arrival S-wave arrival Earthquake

wavetransmission

Data transmission

Analysis ofrapid

evaluationRapid reaction

(Alarm)

Analysis of damage evaluation

Rapid Earthquake Damage Evaluation System

Propagation Velocity

Data transmission Confirmation

Earthquake parameter

determination Reporting

Earthquake Automatic Processing System

Automatic processing

0sec

Rapid earthquake damage evaluation system (2)

Objectives

: Visualization of spatial ground motion measurements in real time

Transferred 20 sps datainto KISS server

in real time

Drive out DSS data from 20 sps data

Real time 2-D visualization of ground motion

Visualize the damaged area with intensity

Spatially irregular PGA data : interpolation

Procedure

Rapid earthquake damage evaluation system (3)

• DSS (Data Subscription Service) data : The pre-assigned request for the earthquake observatory stations to send very limited brief data with minimized transmission load and time

• PGA Monitoring

Using DSS Data

To remove DC drifting Moving Average Method : AV

Max. value (EWmax, NSmax) from

|Max -AV|, |Min-AV|

PGA = [(EWmax)2+(NSmax)2]0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Number of Samples (20 sps)

-1000

0

1000

2000

Average

DC drifting

Max.

Min.

1 sec

Dig

it

valu

e

Rapid earthquake damage evaluation system (4)

(An example of rapid earthquake damage evaluation system by Chi, H.C. et al., 2002 )

Seismic Damage Assessment Program (1)

Objectives : Analyze in real time the actual seismic resistance capacity and the damage

level of containment structures

Establishment of 3-DInelastic Seismic

Analysis Techniques

Development of Damage Assessment Methods

under Seismic Events

3-D GraphicRepresentation

Program

Development of 3-DInelastic SeismicAnalysis Program Construction of

Seismic DamageAssessmentSystem for

ContainmentStructures

Earthquake Damage Assessment Program (2)

• Seismic Damage Assessment Procedure

Earthquake Event

3-D Inelastic Seismic Analysisconsidering Aging Degradation

Estimation of Damage Level

Site Inspection

Safety Evaluation ofContainment Structures

(An example of damage evaluation program by Koh, H.M. et al., 2003 )

Conclusion and Future Plan (1)

To assess the safety of power facilities against an earthquake

Earthquake observatory stations installed 13 for NPPs,

12 for fossil & hydroelectric power pants

Additional earthquake observatory stations are to be installed

step by step

For the rest of fossil, hydroelectric power plants & 765 kV

substations

Accumulated earthquakes data are

basic data for building up a system which enables to assess and predict damage to the structural integrity of power facilities

used to develop the response spectra in consideration of geological and seismological characteristics of NPP site

useful for a nationwide earthquake mitigation plan with KISS

Conclusion and Future Plan (2)