Brackish WaterCarl Braestrup,

Adam Lydecker,

John Pedican, Brandon Peery

Interdisciplinary Project

worked with Industrial Design students initial ideas our place in the project collaboration

Gantt Chart

Assumptions

Supply 200 gallons of water per day to African Village.

River/water source not more than 50’ below town.

Our design will focus on pumping of water, not purification process.

Constraints

Create a sustainable power pumping system. System must be inexpensive and reliable. Must deliver desired flow rate at required head. If possible, incorporate native skills and materials to

make system sustainable and to enable easy repairs.

One rider can peddle for one hour.

Design Process

Form of energy Electricity (Solar or otherwise) Human Power

Next Decision Hand Pumps vs. Bike Pumps vs. Ram

Pump Clemson Design Team

Design Process

Ram Pump

Information obtained from http://www.clemson.edu/irrig/equip/ram.htm

•Uses an inflow of water (inertia) and valves to create pressure differences

•Pressure drives the water though the pipe

•Ideal for rivers and creeks

•This design is extremely inefficient, takes about 8 gallons of inflow to create 1 gallon of pressurized water out

•Pump must be located BELOW the water source

•$120

Design Process

Bike Pump Reciprocating vs. Impeller Type “Reasonably Fit” human can produce

about 250 watts cycling Initial calculations suggested that this is

more than enough to pump 2 GPM with a 40% efficient pump and pump setup

Only need 18.5 watts

Design Process

“Impeller” Type Pumps Typical Motor Driven Pumps Drill Pumps Drum Pump

No minimum RPM threshold Designed for human power Relatively cheap (Granger: $100) Allows for the pumping of water (Range of

viscosities from fuel oils to machine cutting oils)

Drawings

All Dimensions in Inches

Bill Of Materials

Item Quantity Price Per Item Total2'x4' 5 $1.83 $9.15

50' Garden Hose 1 $9.97 $9.972" Galvenized Nails 1 $2.43 $2.43

2" Screws 1 $5.47 $5.475 Gallon Bucket 2 $2.78 $5.56

Male-Male Garden Hose Adapter 1

$3.53 $3.53

Male-Female Garden Hose Adapter 1

$3.53 $3.53

Reduction to Garden Hose 2

$2.66 $5.32

Duct Tape 1 $2.00 $2.00Zip Ties 1 $3.00 $3.00

15' Garden Hose 1 $7.47 $7.47Bike 1 $40.00 $40.00

Drum Pump 1 $100.00 $100.00Sprocket 1 $20.00 $20.00

Total $217.43

Bike Pump Test System

Drum pump connected to road bike though sprocket and chain.

Rear wheel removed and frame put on a stack of 2x4s.

Frame and pump secured to platform with zip ties.

Bike Pump Test System

Bicycle and pump located on ground level.

Inlet water drawn from bucket through garden hose.

Outlet water pumped through hose up fire escape to 18 feet.

Construction

Construction

Main Issue: Attaching Sprocket to Pump How it should be done: set screw or key Budget and time constraints led to more

inventive solutions Rag Duct Tape Weld Gorilla Glue and Steel Rods

Sprocket Attachment Evolution

Testing

Results

Vertical Distance Pumped (Feet)

Number of Gallons Pumped

Time Time (Minutes)Gallons per Minute

(GPM)

0.0 5 0:01:31 1.52 3.29710.5 5 0:01:50 1.83 2.72718.0 5 0:02:14 2.23 2.239

Hand Pumping Results

Clemson study flow rates of about 0.3 gallons per minute for 10 feet of head

Daily rates would provide about 430 gallons for ram pump, about 90 minutes of biking at the same height.

Scaling the Results Up

Fan laws can be applied to predict performance at twice the rotational speed

There laws state a liner relationship between rotational speed and flow rate

Vertical Distance Pumped (Feet)

Gallons per Minute (GPM)

Minutes of Pumping per Day to Fill Typical Village Demand (200 Gallons)

0.0 6.593 3010.5 5.455 3718.0 4.478 45

Predicted Results for Bike Operation

Ethics

Quality products must have easy access to filter / tell

when filter is used up must be easy to fix

Conclusions

Keyway or set screw should used for attachment of sprocket

Lack of machine tools caused components to be built out of wood when they should have been steel (pump housing, frame)

Pump rates by hand easily out performed the ram pump

Conclusions

Had the bike worked it would have achieved around twice as much flow

Finding a good fit between our group and Industrial Design students was difficult

Overall design choice is site dependent

Questions?