Pengantar SemiotikaPengantar Semiotika

Grace Swestin

Universitas Kristen Petra

Hari ini (4-3-2008)Hari ini (4-3-2008)

Lanskap teori komunikasi Tempat semiotika dalam teori komunikasi Semiotika: definisi Semiotika: konsep-konsep pengantar– Jakobson’s model of communication– Codes– Anchorage (Roland Barthes)

Order of signification Semiotika: konsep-konsep kunci

Komunikasi dan Teori KomunikasiKomunikasi dan Teori Komunikasi

Komunikasi: transmisi informasi dari satu pihak ke pihak yang lain

Ilmu komunikasi adalah bidang ilmu yang relatif baru

Maksim Laswell merupakan definisi : who says what to whom with what effect

Teori komunikasi: berfungsi untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan komunikasi

Lanskap Teori KomunikasiLanskap Teori Komunikasi

Communication

Speech/ interpersonal communication Mass communication

COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

Intercultural/ international communication

Small group communication

Communication technology

Policy/legal studies of communication

Telecommunication

etc

Traditions of Communication Theory Traditions of Communication Theory (Robert Craig)(Robert Craig)

Rhetorical Semiotic Phenomenological Cybernetics Sociopsychological Sociocultural

These traditions tend to reinforce one another. Each is also divided against the others but all are cohesive approaches to describing communication behavior.

SEMIOTICSSEMIOTICS

Definition

Semiotics studies media content and analyzes meaning in communication.

Semiotics is basically defined as a theory of signs.

It studies the processes of meaning making and seeks to break the code of non-verbal meaning that resides in the structure of communication.

The goal of semiotics is to explain visual signs, i.e. to explain visual signs and how they perpetuate (or not) the dominant cultural values.

SEMIOTICSSEMIOTICS

Introductory concepts

Roman Jakobson’s model of communication

Codes

Anchorage (Roland Barthes)

Jakobson’s Model of CommunicationJakobson’s Model of Communication

Addresser Addressee

Message

Context

Contact

Code

Codes Codes

Codes: Objects, symbols or practices with generally agreed upon (consensual) meanings.

Codes and communication:– Every form of communication has its own systems of

codes--objects, symbols, practices with consensually agreed upon meanings

– Codes are learned.– Codes change as society changes– Different societies have different norms or conventions

of codes– It is not about truth. It is about consensus.

Non-verbal codes (Michael Argyle)Non-verbal codes (Michael Argyle)

Facial Expression

Gaze

Bodily Posture

Bodily Contact

Spatial Behavior

Clothes and Appearance

Non-verbal aspects of speech

AnchorageAnchorage (Roland Barthes) (Roland Barthes)

Anchorage: the process of affixing meanings. In the context of the mass media, anchorage can be referred to as the process by which preferred meanings are encoded in various media texts.

Concepts involved in anchorage:

– Denotation: What the image is.– Connotation: What the image means.– The Polysemic Nature of Images: They are endowed

with multiple, equally valid meanings

SEMIOTICSSEMIOTICS

Key concepts

Meaning resides in the structure of communication

SIGN = Signifier + Signified

Order of significationOrder of signification

1st Order of Signification: Denotation

2nd Order of Signification: Connotation / Context and Association

MYTH: Connotations passed off as denotations; as natural.