seminar-water coning
DESCRIPTION
Brief explanation about major problem in oil industry (water coning) and consept of critical rat Qoc giving some solutionTRANSCRIPT
Tripoli UniversityPetroleum Engineering Department
WATER CONING
spring 2013
contentsIntroduction Definitions
Critical rate correlations Vertical wells
Water coning treatmentConclusionReferences
Main Factors Coning Reduction methods
horizontal wells
INTRODUCTION
Coning: Coning or cresting is term used to describe the mechanism underlying the upward movement of water and/or the down movement of gas into the perforations of a production well.
Coning is primarily the result of movement of reservoir fluids In the direction of least resistance, balanced by a tendency of The fluids to maintain gravity equilibrium.
Critical production rate (Qoc): Critical production rate (Qoc) is define as the maximum allowable oil
flow rate that can be imposed on the well to avoid a cone breakthrough. Break through time(tbT):
Critical flow rate calculations frequently show low rates that, for economic reasons, cannot be imposed on production wells. Therefore, if a well produces above its critical rate, the cone will break through after a given time period. This time is called time to breakthrough tbT.y
Main factors effect water coning
Density different
Viscosity of water
Formation permeabilit
y
Pressure drawdown Flow rate Capillary
force
Water coning could be reduced by:
1\ decreasing flow rate
2\ improve productivity
3\ Use horizontal wells instead of vertical wells
4\ penetrate the well at the top of the formation
5\ Recompleting the well
6\ infill drilling
Critical Rate Correlations
Categories• many correlations have
been developed to determine the critical rate. In general, these correlations can be divided into Two Categories:
Analytically •the first category determines critical rate Analytically based on the equilibrium conditions of gravitational and viscous forces.
Correlation•The second category determines critical rate through empirical Correlations from experiments/simulations.
Most of the research efforts in the area of water and gas coning have concentrated on estimating the critical oil rate and the post breakthrough well
behavior
Vertical Well Critical Rate Correlations
Horizontal Well Critical Rate Correlations
Meyer-GarderHoyland-Papatzacos-SkjaevelandChierici-CiucciChaney et al.ChapersonSchols
Chaperson’s MethodEfros’ MethodKarcher’s Method Joshi’s Method
Assumptions of all correlations.
Homogeneous.
Radial flow.
Capillary pressures are neglected.
The Meyer-Garder Correlation
Meyer and Garder (1954) suggest that coning development is a result of the radial flow of the oil and associated pressure sink around the well-bore.
Vertical Well Critical Rate Correlations
The Hoyland-Papatzacos-Skjaeveland Methods
Hoyland, Papatzacos, and Skjaeveland (1989) presented two methods for predicting critical oil rate
The Analytical Solution Method
The authors presented an analytical solution that is based on the Muskat-Wyckoff (1953) theory. In a steady-state flow condition
The authors correlated the dimensionless critical rate (qCD)with the dimensionless radius (rDe) and the fractional well penetration ratio (hP/h)
Illustration of the boundary condition for analytical solution
Critical rate correlation
The Numerical Solution Method
Based on a large number of simulation runs with more than 50 criticalrate values, the authors used a regression analysis routine to develop thefollowing relationships:
• For isotropic reservoirs with kh =kv , the following expression is proposed:
• For anisotropic reservoirs, the authors correlated the dimensionless critical rate with the dimensionless radius rD and five different fractional well penetrations. The correlation is presented in a graphical form
Break through time in vertical wells
Based on laboratory data and modeling results
Dimensionless cone height Z
Dimensionless breakthrough time (tD)BT
Break through time (days)
Based on experimental data
o Dimensionless cone height Z
Dimensionless breakthrough time (tD)BT
Break through time (days)
The Sobocinski-Cornelius Method(1965) The Bournazel-Jeanson Method(1971)
Horizontal Well Critical Rate Correlations
Chaperson’s Method
Chaperson (1986) provides a simple and practical estimate or the critical rate under steady-state or pseudo steady state flowing conditions for an isotropic formation.
Efros’ Method
Efros (1963) proposed a critical flow rate correlation that is based on the assumption that the critical rate is nearly independent of drainage radius. The correlation does not account for the effect of the vertical permeability.
Break through time in horizontal wells
o proposed a theoretical correlation for calculating time to breakthrough in a bottom-water-drive reservoir
The Ozkan-Raghavan Method(1988)
Water Coning Treatment
Current state of Gel Technology:
Gel behavior mechanism for reducing water production:
Blocking the high permeability zonesProfile modification.Reduction in water to oil mobility.
Down-Hole Water Sink Technology
DWS water drainage-productionDWS water drainage-injection
Down hole Water Sink (DWS) is a completion/production technique for producing water-free hydrocarbons from reservoirs with bottom water drive and strong tendency to water coning.
conclusion1- Coning of water into an oil well occurs when the flowing
pressure gradients established around the well bore cause the water to flow across the bedding planes.
2- The drainage radius has a negligible impact on the critical rate predictions.
3- After water breakthrough in the well bore, water production increase rapidly and efforts have to be put into water disposed and oil / water separation facilities.
4- No consistency between the critical oil rate predict by the investigated empirical correlations, especially at high values of thickness, horizontal permeability and permeability ratio.
References
Reservoir engineering handbook, by Tarek Ahmed
Water coning phenomenon in oil fields; by emnani Mohammed Alzorgani.
well completions , work over , and stimulation by Thomas O. Allen & Alan P. Roberts.
Thanks for your Attention