AUTOMATIC NUMBER PLATE

RECOGNISATION

By Guided By CHANDAN H S Mahadeva Prasad M III Semester DOS Electronics DOS Electronics P.G.Centre, Hassan P.G.Centre, Hassan

CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONDEVELOPMENT HISTORYETYMOLOGYTECHNOLOGYSYSTEM DISCRIPTION *CAMERA *SOFTWAREALGORITHMSDIFFICULTIESAPPLICATIONSCONCLUSIONREFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

The Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read the license plates on vehicles.

They can use existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement cameras, or ones specifically designed for the task.

Systems commonly use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the picture at any time of the day.

DEVELOPMENT HISTORYANPR was invented in 1976 at the Police Scientific Development

Branch in the UK

Prototype systems were working by 1979, and contracts were let to produce industrial systems, first at EMI Electronics, and then at Computer Recognition Systems (CRS) in Wokingham, UK.

The first arrest through detection of a stolen car was made in 1981 & the first documented case of ANPR in helping solve a murder occurred in November 2005

ETYMOLOGY• ANPR is sometimes known by various other terms Automatic license plate recognition [reader] (ALPR) Automatic vehicle identification (AVI) Car plate recognition (CPR) License plate recognition (LPR) Mobile license plate reader (MLPR) Vehicle license plate recognition (VLPR)

TECHNOLOGYANPR uses optical character recognition (OCR) on images taken by

cameras.

License plate arrangements use variations in font sizes. So, ANPR systems must be able to cope with such differences in order to be truly effective.

At the line of site, the information captured of the plate alphanumeric, date, time, lane identification, and any other information required is completed in approximately 250 milliseconds.

This information can easily be transmitted to a remote computer for further processing if necessary, or stored at the lane for later retrieval

SYSTEM DISCRIPTION• ANPR-systems normally consist of two components. • Firstly, a camera that

detects passing vehicles and continuously sends the images to a computer. • Secondly, software that

recognises number plates with its characters and stores them in a database.

CAMERAThe Camera itself consists of an infrared detecting ,

general optical colour detecting camera and an infrared light emitting array of LEDs.

The LED array beams infrared light in the direction of the infrared camera, which then captures the light reflected by the white background of the number plates of passing by vehicles, which appears white on the image.

The non-reflecting colour of the characters and the vehicle’s surface appear black. white on the image.

As of 2012 systems can scan 800 number plates at around one per minute on cars travelling up to 100 mph (160km).

SOFTWARE Software recognizes an image with a number plate, the full string is identified by an optical character recognition algorithm and is checked for international plate syntax to determine the country of origin.

Afterwards the number plate string is saved in conjunction with a timestamp and the ambiance image of the colour camera to a database.

ALGORITHMS1. Plate localisation 2. Plate orientation and sizing 3. Normalisation 4. Character segmentation 5. Optical character recognition 6. Syntactical/Geometrical analysis The complexity of each of these subsections of the program

determines the accuracy of the system A median filter may also be used to reduce the visual noise on the

image.

DIFFICULTIES Poor file resolution, usually because the plate is too far away

OR poor quality camera. Poor image resolution, usually because the plate is too far

away OR low quality camera. Blurry images, particularly motion blur. Poor lighting & low contrast due to overexposure, reflection or

shadows Object obscuring the plate, quite often a bumper, or dirt on

the plate A different font, popular for vanity plates Circumvention techniques

Continued

Some problems can be corrected within the software, it is primarily left to the hardware side of the system to work out solutions to these difficulties.

Increasing the height of the camera may avoid problems with objects (such as other vehicles) obscuring the plate but introduces and increases other problems, such as the adjusting for the increased skew of the plate.

APPLICATIONS OF ANPR*Wide range of applications since the license number is the primary, most widely accepted, human readable, mandatory identifier of motor vehicles.

Law Enforcement Parking Access Control Motorway Road Tolling Border Control Journey Time Measurement

CONCLUSIONIt is still not being used in our country but will be prove to be

effective.

There is an immediate need of such kind of ANPR system in India as there are problems of traffic, stealing cars etc.

Government should take some interest in developing this system as this system is very economical and eco-friendly, if applied effectively.

This change will help in the progress of the nation

REFERENCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number_plate_recognition https://www.anu.edu.au/Roger.Clarke/DV/ANPR-Surv ANPR : Seminar Report and PPT for ECE Students ANPR: THE OBSERVANCE OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR 8th International

Conference on Survey Methods in Transport, France[pdf] A Real-Time Malaysian Automatic License Plate Recognition (M-

ALPR) using Hybrid Fuzzy IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.9 No.2, February 2009

Flitsers.net (https://trajectcontroles.net/#) ANPR Tutorial (https://www.anprtutorial. com/). ANPR Tutorial. 15

August 2006. Retrieved 24-01-2012