seminar brain gate

8/2/2019 Seminar Brain Gate

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BRAIN GATESEMINAR

ON

Submitted by:-RINKU GARGB.TECH (IT)Roll No.- 2208646Submitted To:-Er. Preeti SinglaMrs. NitikaLecturer (I.T.)


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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS BRAIN GATE

OBJECTIVE OF BRAIN GATE

TYPES OF BRAIN GATE

PRINCIPLES OF BRAIN GATE IMPLEMENTATION

SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAIN GATE

APPLICATION

LIMITATION

FURTHER CONCERNS

CONCLUSION


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What is Brain Gate/Brain Machine Interface/Brain

Computer Interface???

Brain gate is an electrode chip which canbe implemented in the brain. When it is

implemented in brain, the electrical signals

are exchanged by neurons within the brain.

Those signals are sent to the brain and it

executes body movement. All the signaling

process is handled by special software. The

signal sends to the computer and then the

computer is controlled by patient.

Whenever a man has forgotten

about his past due to certain accidental

matter or he had lost the control on anyparticular part of his body, at that time this

electrode chip can be implemented on his

brain and active the man as well.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BrainGate.jpg


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Objective of Brain Gate !!!!

The goal of the Brain Gate program is to

develop a fast and reliable connection between

the brain of a severely disabled person and apersonal computer . The BrainGate device can

provide paralysed or motor-impaired patients a

mode of communication through the translationof thought into direct computer control.


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Types of Brain Computer Interface(BCI):

One way BCI

Computers either accept commands from the brain

or send signals to it

Two way BCI

Allow brains and external devices to exchangeinformation in both directions.


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Brain Gate Research in animals:

At first, rats were

implanted with BCI .

Signals recorded from

the cerebral cortex of rat

to operate BCI to carry

out the movement.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MouseBCI.jpg


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It Worked!

Using only its mind the monkey was able tocontrol a cursor on a computer monitor via

Brain Gate.


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Since there were no

complications in trials with

monkeys

Next Step: Humans!


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In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been

clinically tested on a human by an American company

Cyberkinetics.

The Nature report describes the first participant in these trials,

a 25-year-old man who had sustained a spinal cord injury

leading to paralysis in all four limbs three years prior to the

study.

Over a period of nine months, he took part in 57 sessions

during which the implanted Brain Gate sensor recorded

activity in his motor cortex while he imagined moving hisparalyzed limbs and then used that imagined motion for

several computer-based tasks such as, moving a computer

cursor to open simulated e-mail, draw circular shapes and play

simple video games.


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PRINCIPLE:The system consists of a sensor that is

implanted on the motor cortex of the

brain (Pedestal) and a Brain Gate Neural

Interface Device that analyzes the brain

signal.

The principle is that the intact

brain functions, brain signals are

generated even though they are not sent

to the arms,hands and legs.The signals

are interpreted and translated into cursor

movements,offering the user analternateBRAIN GATE PATHWAY to

control a computer with thought,just as

individuals who have the ability to move

their hands.


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HOW IT IMPLEMENTS ?


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This is one of electrode implemented in brain.

Individual electrodes are 1-mm long and spaced 400m apart, in a 10x10 grid.

The electrical signal exchanged by neurons within brain. Those signals are sent when the

brain executes a body movement.


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Software behind Brain Gate

The computers translatebrain activity and create the

communication output using

custom decoding software.

System uses adaptive

algorithms and pattern-

matching techniques tofacilitate communication.

The algorithms are written

in C, JAVA and MATLAB.


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APPLICATIONS:In Foxborough, a 25-

year-old quadriplegic sits

in a wheelchair with

wires coming out of a

bottle-cap-size connector

stuck in his skull. The

wires run from 100 tiny

sensors implanted in his

brain and out to a

computer. Using just histhoughts, he was playing

the computer game Pong.


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APPLICATIONS:

In classification of EEG signal.

In multimedia communication.

In evaluation of spike detection algorithms. Actuated control of mobile robot by human

EEG.

As a brain controlled switch for asynchronouscontrol.

In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.


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Challenges faced by Brain Gate

i. It is very expensive.

ii.Limitation in information transformrate. The latest technology is 20

bits/min.

iii. Difficulty in adaptation and

learning.


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Emphasis should be on improving the information

transform rate.

Stronger algorithm should be implemented.

Further concerns


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CONCLUSION

According to the Cyberkinetics' website, two patients have been implantedwith the Brain Gate system.

Using the system, called Brain Gate, the patient can read e-mail, play videogames, turn lights on or off and change channels or adjust the volume of atelevision set.

In early test sessions, the patient was able to control the TV and carry on aconversation and move his head at the same time.

The results are spectacular and almost unbelievable.

Brain Gate can help paralyzed people move by controlling their own electricwheelchairs, communicate by using e-mail and Internet-based phone systems,and be independent by controlling items such as televisions and thermostats.

Finally BRAIN GATE has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patient .


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seminar brain gate

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