semester-vii - ambala college · semester-vii ... torque transmitted, brief description of cone...

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Students’ Handbook

B.Tech

Mechanical Engineering

Semester-VII

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala (Affiliated With)

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

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Vision of the Institute

To become a source of technology and start an Incubation Centre for entrepreneurs resulting in

this region developing into a vibrant industrial hub with many startup companies dealing with

new technology.

Mission of the Institute

1. To impart quality engineering education to students through quality teaching, hands on

training, and applied research in practical and product oriented projects.

2. To impart such education those passing out students are ready with good theoretical and

practical knowledge to suite the current need of industry.

3. To expose students to applied research, especially the fact that research does not require

much money but does require great persistence.

4. To sow the seed of entrepreneurship in them so that our engineers become job providers and

not job seekers.

5. To train students as a complete person through extracurricular activities and with an

exposure to a transparent system based on ethics so that they believe that a successful

institution and a successful business can be run with ethics without corruption.

Mechanical Engineering Deptt.

Vision of the Department

To develop the next generation of professionals in Mechanical Engineering by providing best of

teaching and practical learning approach.

Mission of the Department

The mission of the ACE Mechanical Engineering Department is to

I. Constantly strive to improve instructive methods employed in delivering the Mechanical

Engineering academic programmes.

II. Prepare effective, responsible and skilled engineering professionals.

III. Participate in research and development activities for contribution in industrial up

gradation and strengthening the industry - institute relationship.

IV. Cultivate the spirit of entrepreneurship among students.

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PEOs of Mechanical Engineering Department

PEO-1, To make students capable of applying the fundamentals of mathematics, basic

sciences, humanities, technical arts and engineering sciences in solving engineering

problems.

PEO-2, To develop analytical skills in mechanical engineering students for solving

engineering problems.

PEO-3, To impart knowledge to students about design methodologies in thermo fluids,

materials and engineering systems using latest design tools.

PEO-4, To make the students familiar about latest technologies in all mechanical

engineering fields for meeting societal needs in a cost effective manner.

PEO-5, To encourage students to acquire managerial and entrepreneurial skills and to take

innovative and research oriented projects.

POs of Mechanical Engineering Department

The outcomes we desire are that our graduates demonstrate:

a) An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering to mechanical

engineering problems.

b) An ability to conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.

c) An ability to design systems, components, or processes to meet desired needs.

d) An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams.

e) An ability to identify, formulates, and solves engineering problems.

f) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.

g) An ability to communicate effectively with written, oral, and visual means.

h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a

societal and global societal.

i) Recognition of the need for and an ability to engage in life-long learning.

j) Knowledge of contemporary issues.

k) An ability to use modern engineering techniques, skills, and computational tools

necessary for engineering practice.

l) An ability to work professionally in both thermal, design and production engineering

areas.

m) An ability to act as Entrepreneur.

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Scheme of Examination

B.Tech 7th

Sem (Mechanical Engineering)

S.

No

Subjects

Name Code

Teaching

Schedule (Hrs) Examination Schedule (Marks)

Total

Marks

Duratio

n of

Exam

(Hrs)

L T P/D Total Sessional Theory Practical/viva-

voce

1

Automobile

Engineerin

g

ME401 E 4 1 --- 5 50 100 --- 150 3

2

Measurement

and

control

ME403 E 4 1 --- 5 50 100 --- 150 3

3 Elective* -I ME 4 1 --- 5 50 100 --- 150 3

4 Elective*-II ME 3 1 --- 4 50 100 --- 150 3

5

Statistical

Quality

Control &

Reliability

ME405 E 4 1 --- 5 50 100 --- 150 3

6 Measureme

nt (PR) ME407 E - - 2 2 50 --- 50 100 3

7 Project-1 ME409 E --

-

-

-

-

7 7 100 --- 100 200 3

8 Seminar ME411 E 2 - - 2 - --- --- --- -----

9

In plant

Training

Report

ME413 E --

-

-

-

-

- - 125 --- --- 125 ---

Total 2

1

0

5 9 35 525 500 150 1175

Under ME-411E Some of the students may be evaluated in 7th semester and remaining in 8th Sem. Marks

will be added in 8th Sem.

* Refer List of Elective I and II

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Automobile Engineering (ME-401E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : - 1. To impact basic concept and introduce students about brief history of automobile.

2. To provide students basic knowledge about clutch, brakes,gear box etc.

3. To impact knowledge about the procedure used to calculate the numerical on clutch, brakes.

4. To impact knowledge to students about steering geometry, caster, chamber,king pin inclination.

5. To introduce the students with the recents trends in automobile engineering.

6. To educate the students about the running system,the back axles, propeller shaft.

7. To make students understand about MPFI System, Microprocessor based fuel supply system.

8. To provide the basic knowledge about S.I and C.I engines.

Course Outcomes (COs) : -

i. Students will acquire basic knowledge about automobile engineering.

ii. Students will get the basic knowledge about clutch,brakes,gear box etc.

iii. Students will be well trained in solving numerical problem.

iv. Students will know about the steering geometry,caster,chamber,king pin inclination.

v. Students will get the knowledge about recent trends in automobile engineering.

vi. Students will get the knowledge about the Recent trends in automobile engineering

vii. Students will get the knowledge about MPFI System,Microprocessor based fuel supply system.

Automobile Engineering ME 401 E

L T P/D Total. Theory: 100 marks

4 1 5 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exams. : 03 hours

UNIT I Brief history of automobiles, Main components of an automobile, Brief description of each component Brief

description of constructional details and working of a four stroke I.C. Engine (S.I. Engines and C.I. Engines)

including lately developed overhead cam shaft, Multi-cylinder engines, Introduction to recent developments in I.C.

Engines- Direct injection systems, Multi-point fuel injection systems, Microprocessor based fuel supply systems,

Multi valve engines, Mechanical balancing, Firing Order, Power balancing, Power overlap, Power flow charts.

Introduction, Brief description of different components of Transmission System.

Clutch: Introduction to Clutch and its different types, Principle of Friction Clutch, Clutch Lining and

friction materials used in Friction Clutches, Torque transmitted, Brief description of Cone Clutch, Single

Plate and Multiplate Clutches, Dry and wet clutches, Automatic clutch action, Centrifugal clutches,

Electromagnetic clutches, Fluid Flywheel. UNIT II

Gear Box: Air resistance, gradient resistance and rolling resistance

coming across a moving automobile, Tractive effort, Variation of

tractive effort with speed, Performance curves (object and need of a

gear box), Sliding mesh gear box, Control mechanism, Sliding type

selector mechanism, Ball type selector mechanism, Steering column

gear shift control, Constant mesh gear box, Synchromesh device,

Automatic transmission in general, AP automatic gear box, Torque

converter, Torque converter with direct drive, Lubrication of Gear

Box.

Propeller Shaft: Functions and requirements of a propeller shaft, Universal joints, Constructional forms of

universal joints, Flexible-ring joints, Rubber-bushed flexible joints. Constant-velocity joints.

Differential: Principle of operation, Constructional details of a typical Differential unit, Traction control

differentials, Multi-plate clutch type traction control device,

The back axle: Live back axles, The final drive, Single reduction live axles Torque reaction, Driving thrust,

Torque and thrust member arrangements Springs serving as torque and thrust member, Hotchkiss Drive

with torque reaction member, Single combined torque-thrust reaction member, with springs taking only

vertical and lateral loads

UNIT III

Running System Wheels and rims, Tyre-its function and constructional details.

Brakes: Functions and methods of operation, Brake efficiency. Elementary theory of shoe brake, brake shoe

adjustments, A modern rear-wheel brake, Disc brakes, Brake linkages, Leverage and adjustment of the brake

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linkage, Servo- and power-operated brakes, Vacuum brake operation,' Hydraulic Brakes-constructional details and

working, Bendix Hydrovac, Direct-action vacuum servos, Power-operated brakes, A dual power air brake system,

Suspension system: Suspension principles, Road irregularities and human susceptibility, Suspension system,

Damping, Double tube damper, Single tube damper, Lever arm type damper, Springs-Leaf springs, Coil and

torsion springs, variable rate springs, Composite leaf springs, Rubber springs, Air springs, Adjustable and self-

adjusting suspensions, Interconnected suspension system, Interconnected air and liquid suspensions,

Independent suspension system, Different independent suspension layouts, McPherson strut type, Rear

suspension-live axle, McPherson strut rear suspension.

UNIT IV

Steering Mechanism: Steering geometry, Castor, Camber, Kingpin inclination, Combined angle, Toe-in,

Steering system-basic aims, Ackerman linkage, Steering linkages for independent suspension, Center point

steering, Costarring or trailing action, Cornering power, Self-righting torque, Steering characteristics-over steer

and under steer, Axle beam, Stub-axle construction, Steering column, Reversible and irreversible steering, Rack-

and-pinion steering mechanism, Effect of toe-in on steering, Power steering, Vickers System.

Recent trends in automobile engineering: Multi fuel automobiles, Automobiles running on alternate

sources of energy, Emission control through catalytic converter, Double catalytic converter, Aspects of pollution

control in Automobiles.

Reference and Text Books:

1. The Motor Vehicle

- By Newton, Steeds and Garretle Basic

2. Automobile Engineering

- By Kirpal Singh

3. Automobile Engineering *'

- By K.M. Gupta, Umesh Publications

4. Automotive Mechanics - Grouse

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two questions from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

Lecture

No

Lecture Topic

1.

Brief history of automobiles, Main components of an automobile, Brief description of

each component

Introduction, Brief description of different components of Transmission System

2. Brief description of constructional details and working of a four stroke I.C. Engine

(S.I. Engines and C.I. Engines) including lately developed overhead cam shaft

3. Multi-cylinder engines, Introduction to recent developments in I.C. Engines- Direct

injection systems, Multi-point fuel injection systems,

4. Microprocessor based fuel supply systems, Multi valve engines, Mechanical

balancing, Firing Order, Power balancing, Power overlap, Power flow charts.

5. Introduction to Clutch and its different types, Principle of

Friction Clutch, Clutch Lining and friction materials used in Friction

Clutches,

6. Torque transmitted, Brief description of Cone Clutch,

Single Plate clutch

7. Multiplate Clutches, Dry and wet clutches,

8. Automatic clutch action, Centrifugal clutches

9. Electromagnetic

clutches, Fluid Flywheel.

10. Air resistance, gradient resistance and rolling resistance

coming across a moving automobile, Tractive effort

11. Variation of

Tractive effort with speed, Performance curves (object and need of a

gear box), Sliding mesh gear box, Control mechanism,

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12. Sliding type

selector mechanism, Ball type selector mechanism, Steering column

gear shift control,

13. Constant mesh gear box, Synchromesh device,

Automatic transmission in general, AP automatic gear box

14. Torque converter, Torque converter with direct drive, Lubrication of Gear

Box.

15. Functions and requirements of a propeller shaft,

Universal joints, Constructional forms of universal joints

16. Flexible-ring joints, Rubber-bushed flexible joints. Constant-velocity joints.

17. Principle of operation, Constructional details of a typical Differential unit,

18. Traction control differentials, Multi-plate clutch type

traction control device

19. Live back axles, The final drive, Single reduction live axles Torque reaction,

Driving thrust,

20. Torque and thrust member

arrangements Springs serving as torque and thrust member,

Hotchkiss Drive with torque reaction member,

21. Single combined torque-thrust reaction member, with springs taking only vertical

and lateral loads

22. Wheels and rims, Tyre-its function and constructional details

23. Functions and methods of operation, Brake efficiency. Elementary theory of shoe

brake, brake shoe adjustments

24. A modern rear-wheel brake, Disc brakes, Brake linkages, Leverage and adjustment of

the brake linkage

25. Servo- and power-operated brakes, Vacuum brake operation,' Hydraulic Brakes-

constructional details and working,

26. Bendix Hydrovac, Direct-action vacuum servos, Power-operated brakes, A dual power

air brake system,

27. Suspension principles, Road irregularities and human susceptibility, Suspension

system, Damping

28. Double tube damper, Single tube damper, Lever arm type damper, Springs-Leaf

springs, Coil and torsion springs

29. variable rate springs, Composite leaf springs, Rubber springs, Air springs, Adjustable

and self-adjusting suspensions,

30. Interconnected suspension system, Interconnected air and liquid suspensions,

Independent suspension system,

31. Different independent suspension layouts, McPherson strut type, Rear suspension-

live axle, McPherson strut rear suspension.

32 Steering geometry, Castor, Camber, Kingpin inclination, Combined angle, Toe-in,

Steering system-basic aims

33 Ackerman linkage, Steering linkages for independent suspension, Center point

steering, Costarring or trailing action,

34 Cornering power, Self-righting torque, Steering characteristics-over steer and under

steer, Axle beam, Stub-axle construction

35 Steering column, Reversible and irreversible steering, Rack-and-pinion steering

mechanism, Effect of toe-in on steering, Power steering, Vickers System.

36 Multi fuel automobiles, Automobiles running on alternate sources of energy,

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37 Emission control through catalytic converter, Double catalytic converter, Aspects of

pollution control in Automobiles.

38 Revision

39 Class Test - 1

40 Class Test - 2

TUTORIAL SHEET – 1

1. By assuming a suitable firing order make a power flowchart for 8 cylinder engine.

2. Draw a valve timing diagram for a 4 stroke disel engine and explain the same in detail.

3. What is the difference ditween power balance and mechanical balance?

4. Explain in brief „Rating of Engines‟.

5. Explain why multicylinder engine requires a lighter flywheel.

6. Explain the working of cone clutch by means of a neat diagram. Write down its advantages and

applications.

7. What are the requirements of the clutch?

8. Decribe various properties required of a clutch facing material. Explain how these are met in the common

facing materials.

9. Explain with the help of neat sketches, the construction and operation of a fluid flywheel.

10. What is the difference centrifugal and semicentrifugal clutches.

11. Describe the clutch troubles and give their reasons.


1. Explain clearly the necessity of gear box in avehicle. Describe the working of different types of gear box

with the help of a sketchs. Discuss their merits and demerits.

2. Discuss the variation of tractive effort with speed in case of automobiles.

3. Why the differential is necessary in a vehicle. Explain its construction and working with neat sketches in

brief.

4. Explain the working of a gear box mechanism used in maruti 800 car.

5. Write short note on “Lubrication of gear box”.

6. What do you understand by automatic gear box . describe an automatic gear box.

7. What is constant velocity joint ? Explain clearly the principal of working of any such joint.

8. Describe the constructional details and operation of Hotchkiss drive.

9. Distinguish between semifloating and fully floating rear axles and mention their relative merits and

demerits.

10. Write a short note on:

i. Stability of vehicles

ii. Torque tube drive

iii. Torque convertor


1. What is meant by braking efficency? Explain the working of hydraulic brakes. Which are the brake fluid

commonly used.

2. Discuss the different types of tyres in detail. Describe their construction and material in brief.

3. Compare the merit and demerits of the radial-ply and cross-ply tyres.

4. Eplain the function of a brake shoe adjuster. Describe in detail the construction and working of any type of

such adjuster.

5. Explain in brief the tubeless tyres.

6. Describe the action of telescopic type of shock absorber.

7. How independent suspension to be achieved in front and rear axles.

8. Deffentiate clearly between the function of a spring and a shock absorber.

9. Explain in detail the construction and working of a hydraulic double acting telescopic type shock absorber.

10. What are the requirements of a suspension system.

11. What are the advantages of independent front end suspension.


1. Descibe in detail the causes and effects of under steer and over steer.

2. Discuss the construction and working of rack and pinion type manual steering gear by means of sketch.

3. Explain Ackerman steering mechanism in automobiles.

4. What is meant by toe-in and toe-out.

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5. Explain clearly pressure system of lubrication in automotive engines.

6. What are the causes of overheating and overcooling?

7. What are the properties of efficient cooling system?

8. What are advantages and disadvantages of air cooled engines?

9. What are different methods of engine cooling?

10. Describe briefly the different lubricating system.

11. Explain in brief the future trends in automobiles.

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Measurement and Control (ME – 403E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) :-

1. To impart students knowledge of various types of measurements and their significance.

2. To provide knowledge of Instruments and their types.

3. Input-output configuration of measuring instruments.

4. Static and dynamic characteristic of instruments and error measurement.

5. Mathematical models of mechanical, thermal, liquid, pneumatic system.

6. Primary sensing elements and transducers, their construction, principle of working.

7. Measurement of force, torque, power, flow, temperature using various devices.

Course Outcomes (COs) : - i. Students will know about measurements types and their significance

ii. Students will learn statistical treatments of single and multi sample type experimental data

iii. Students will gain knowledge of various types of instruments

iv. Students will learn mathematical treatment of various types of systems like mechanical, thermal, liquid,

pneumatic

v. Students will come to know about static and dynamic characteristic of instrument

vi. Students will learn primary sensing elements and transducers, their construction, principle of working

vii. Students will learn measurement techniques used for measurement of various static and dynamic

parameters like force, torque, power, temperature etc

Measurements and Control ME 403 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 marks

4 1 5 Sessional : 50 marks

Duration of Exams.: 03 hours

UNIT I

Introduction:

Definition, application of measurement instrumentation, functional elements‟ of a generalized measuring

system, measuring standards, types of measurement, types of input to measuring instruments and instrument

system, classification of measuring instruments, merits and demerits of mechanical measuring systems, comparison

of mechanical measuring system with electrical measuring systems, calibration.

Introduction, types of error, types of uncertainties, propagation of uncertainties in compound quantity, Static

performance parameters: accuracy, precision, resolution, static sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, dead band,

backlash, and drift., sources of error, selection of a measuring instruments, mechanical and electrical loading,

UNIT II

Fundamentals of dynamic characteristics, generalized mathematical model of measuring systems, types of

input, dynamic performance parameters: dynamic error, speed of response etc, dynamic response of a first order

mechanical systems with different inputs e.g. step, ramp, sinusoidal and impulse input

Introduction, types of measuring data, statistical attributes, various method of presentation, estimation of

presentation and uncertainties, confidence level, precision and statistical treatments of single and multi sample

type experimental data, Chauvenet's criteria of rejecting a dubious data, curve fitting, best linear calibration

and its precision, significant figures and rounding off. Overall uncertainty estimation of measuring systems,

common sense approach, and engineering applications.

UNIT III

Introduction, primary function, classification, electrostatic transducers: principle theory, types, advantages, and

limitations, Fixed contact mechano-resistive transducers: classification, and uses, Metallic resistance strain

gauge: types, construction theory of operation, Adhesive: property, selection criteria, mounting of strain

gauges, Mathematical analysis of ballast and DC Wheatstone bridge circuits

Characteristic and comparison of ballast and DC Wheatstone bridge circuits, temperature effects and their

compensation

Measurement of load, force, and thrust using resistant strain gauges, Elastic load cells, proving rings, fluid pressure

measurement in pipe and containers, using strain gauges, Measuring of torque in transmission shaft under axial

and bending loads in varying ambient conditions.

UNIT IV

Introduction, classification of control systems, control system terminology, servomechanism, process control

and regulators, Manual and automatic control systems, physical systems and mathematical models, linear control

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systems, Laplace transform, transfer function, block diagram, signal flow graphs, system stability, Time and

frequency domain.

Introduction, functional operation, desirable characteristics of hydraulic fluids, hydraulic control systems: hydraulic

pump, hydraulic control valve, Pneumatic control systems: pneumatic nozzle, relay, advantages and limitation of

such control systems.


1. Mechanical measurements & control

- By D.S. Kumar, Metropolitan book

2. Instrumentation and Mechanical measurements

- By A.K. Tayal, Galgotia Publ.

3. Measurements systems application and design

-By Ernest Doebelin, McGraw-Hill



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TUTORIAL SHEET 1

1. What are direct and indirect measuring methods? List out five examples for each.

2. What are Primary, Secondary and Tertiary measurements? Explain with practical examples.

3. Analyze the following devices as a generalized measurement system:

a. Bourdon tube pressure gauge

b. Digital revolution counter

c. Pressure actuated thermo meter

4. Identify and explain the different functional elements in the following instruments.

a. Mercury in glass thermo meter

b. Spring balance

c. Dial indicator

5. Distinguish between and give appropriate examples in each case.

a. Range and span

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b. Error and accuracy

c. Hysteresis and dead zone

6. Define the following terms

a. Accuracy

b. Precision

c. Calibration

d. Hysteresis

e. Drift

f. Sensitivity

g. Measuring lag

h. Fidelity

i. Dead time.

TUTORIAL SHEET 2

1. The accuracy of a pressure gauge of range 1000kN/m2 is stated to be ±1% of full scale deflection. Work

out the range of readings if the true pressure is 100kN/m2. How these results get modified if the error is specified as

±1% of true value.

2. The individual sensitivities of different elements comprising a temperature measuring system are:

Transducer, 0.3 ohm/ oC; Wheatstone bridge, 0.01 V/ ohm; Amplifier gain 80V/V; Pen recorder 0.12 cm/ V;

Determine the overall sensitivity and the temperature change corresponding to a recorder pen movement of 3 cm.

3. Measurement systems are classified frequently as first-order or second order systems. Explain the meaning

of this terminology.

Determine the time constant and static sensitivity of mercury-in-glass thermometer whose dynamic performance is

prescribed by the following differential equation 4.5 dqo / dt + 3qo = 1.5x10 qt

Where qo is the height of the mercury column in meters and qt is the input temperature.

4. Show that when a step input is applied to a first order system , the input reaches 0.63 of the step value after

time equal to time constant of the system.

A thermo meter has been suddenly plunged in to a steaming water bath whose temperature remains steady at

1000C. It takes 10 seconds for the thermometer to reach the equilibrium condition which occurs at five time

constant( t= 5τ). Calculate the time constant and time taken by the thermo meter to reach half of the temperature

difference. The initial thermometer temperature can be considered to be zero.

5. Ten ball bearing were selected at random having the following diameters in cm:

0.507, 0.501, 0.502, 0.498, 0.495

0.499, 0.500, 0.506, 0.497, 0.502

Compute the mean reading, standard deviation, variance and the average of the absolute value of the deviation.

6. Ten steel rods, which were selected at random had the following lengths

5.30 5.73 6.77 5.26 4.33

5.45 6.09 5.64 5.81 5.75

Using the Chauvenet‟s criterion, test the data points for possible inconsistency and eliminate the questionable

measurement. For 10 readings the maximum allowable limit for the ratio of maximum deviation to standard

deviation is 1.96

TUTORIAL SHEET 3

1. What are transducers and how are they classified? Explain their importance in an instrumentation process.

Give some examples of mechanical transducers where there is a transduction from (i) force to displacement (ii)

velocity to pressure (iii) temperature to displacement (iv) fluid pressure to displacement.

2. (a) Distinguish between (i) active and passive transducers (ii) input and output transducers. Illustrate your

answer with suitable examples.

(b) What information is needed to describe transducers for a particular measurement?

(c) Explain the major considerations, which govern the selection of an instrument transducer.

3. (a) Define displacement. Suggest a suitable transducer for the measurement of a small linear motion. Give

reasons to justify your choice.

(b)Explain how displacement can be measured with the help of an inductive transducer and a capacitive transducer.

Give the essential features of construction of these two types of electrical transducer.

4. (a)Explain the various physical principles involved in the operation of various categories of inductive

transducers.

(b)Give the essential features of inductive and capacitive transducers when used for the measurement of

displacement.

5. (a) Differentiate between a bridge operated on the null principle and a bridge operated on the deflection

principle.

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(b)State the conditions, which must exist for balance in a Wheat stone bridge arrangement of resistors.

(c)A symmetrical bridge circuit by a 6-volt supply is initially balanced with all the four resistances being equal.

Determine the output voltage when one resistance changes by 1.5%. The meter has infinite internal impedance.

6. A resistance of 2 ohm has been measured by using a null type Wheatstone bridge circuit as illustrated in

possible error in the measurement of resistance of 2 ohm.

TUTORIAL SHEET 4

i. Differentiate between a bridge operated on the null principle and a bridge operated on the deflection

principle.

ii. A symmetrical bridge circuit, energized by 6 volt supply, is initially balanced with all the four resistances

being equal. Determine the out put voltage when one resistance changes by 1.5%. The meter has infinite internal

impedance.

iii. Derive the expression for output voltage of a Wheat stone full bridge.

iv. Compare Wheatstone bridge with Ballast potentiometer in measuring resistance changes.

v. A Ballast circuit is to be used for a temperature sensor which has a nominal resistance of 100Ω. Calculate

the ballast resistance for maximum sensitivity.

vi. Explain the use of wire wound potentiometer in measuring linear and rotary displacements.

TUTORIAL SHEET 5

1. (a) Mention different techniques available for the measurement of strain and explain the principle on which

the operation of an electrical resistance strain gauge is based.

(b)List the main requirements of a strain gauge and mention the type of gauge which meets most of these

requirements.

2. Define gauge factor of a resistance strain gauge.

Show that in wire resistance strain gauge, the value of gauge factor can be attributed to the resistance change due to

changes in gauge wire length, its cross-sectional area and resistivity. Under what conditions, does the following

relation hold good.

3. Name the various types of strain gauges for different applications.

4. Explain the construction and bonding technique for electrical resistance strain gauge.

5. What is a strain Rosette? How is it used?

6. How an axial thrust is measured by resistance strain gauges.

TUTORIAL SHEET 6

1. The general equation applicable to a resistance strain gauge is

Where F is the gauge factor, R is the unstrained of the strain gauge and dR is the change in resistance caused when

a force is applied to the gauge. For a given gauge F=2.0, R=120 ohm and unit micro strain can be detected without

any difficulty. Determine the resulting change in resistance and suggest suitable means to measure it.

2. (a) Do we need low or high values of gauge factor for correct and easy estimate of applied strain? Give

typical value of gauge factor for the foil and wire gauges, and the semi-conductor gauges.

(b) A resistance wire strain gauge with a gauge factor F=2.1 is bonded to a steel member subjected to

a stress of 100 MN/m2. Calculate the % change in the value of gauge resistance due to applied stress. For steel

specimen, the modulus of elasticity E= 200 GN/m2.

3. What are the requirements of materials for strain gauges?

(b) Explain the construction and bonding technique for an electrical resistance strain gauge.

(c) On what factors is the selection of grid material based and why?

4. What do you mean by resistance strain gauges? Give a detailed discussion on the subject covering the

basic principle, gauge and binding materials, instrumentation and application of the method.

5. What is temperature compensation and how it is achieved when using bonded strain gauge for the

measurement of axial thrust, bending loads and torque?

6. Four strain gauges are mounted on a test specimen of steel subjected to a tensile load. The gauges are

connected in the four arms of a bridge for maximum sensitivity. Show the arrangement of gauges on the test

specimen and also in the bridge.

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TUTORIAL SHEET 7

1. Explain the concept of control in engineering. List several control devices with which you are familiar and

describe any two of them.

2. Distinguish between open loop and closed-loop control systems with the help of a suitable diagram.

Illustrate your answer using block diagram schematics. Identify the system parameters and components in each

case.

3. How feedback can be used to reduce the effect of various spurious inputs in an instrumentation system?

4. Explain the operation and identify the pertinent quantities and components of an automatic domestic

refrigeration system. Which component or components comprise the plant, the controller and feedback?

5. Explain briefly the difference between:

(i) Open-loop and closed-loop control systems,

(ii) Positive and negative feed back,

(iii) Servomechanism, process control and regulators.

6. Distinguish between manual and automatic control systems and list some of the engineering situations

where automatic control becomes obligatory.

TUTORIAL SHEET 8

(a)Explain the essential differences between the hydraulic and Pneumatic controllers. Enumerate the advantages

and limitations of each controller.

(b) Sketch different types of pipes and control valves used in hydraulic control systems.

Define Laplace transform and transfer function and comment upon their utility for the solution of control system.

Explain the concept of system stability. Explain the different means available to check the stability of given

system with sketches.

Sketch and explain the working of different types of pumps and control valves used in hydraulic control systems.

Sketch and explain the working of following units as used in pneumatic control systems:

i) Pneumatic nozzle flapper ii) Pneumatic relay

Give the schematic of general Pneumatic control system and describe the functions of various elements.

16

Statistical Quality Control & Reliability (SQCR)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To make students aware of the Quality, inspection, Design for quality, Product life cycle and cost of Quality.

2. To make students know about evolution of Total Quality Management (TQM) , contribution of SQCR and

Quality Gurus towards this end and introduction to ISO9000and ISO 14000.

3. To make students familiar with probability and various probability distributions.

4. To make students aware of Statistical process control and its tools like Histogram, Pareto diagram, Quality

circles and root cause analysis, control charts for Variables and attributes.

5. To make students learn making of Variables and attribute control charts and draw conclusions from control,

Warning and Reject limits.

6 To make students understand difference between specification limits and control limits and their relation with

process capability

7 To make students learn Acceptance sampling, Various Sampling plans, Operation Characteristics curves,

Outgoing Quality levels, Design of sampling plans or their selection from Dodge Romig tables for Attributes

and Variables.

8 To make students learn Failure pattern of a product, Mean time to Failure (MTR).

9. To make students learn Reliability concepts, Series parallel and mixed systems. Effect of redundancy on

reliability

10. To make students learn Measurement of reliability and its optimization, Availability, Maintainability of

equipments.


i. Student will be able to define Quality, discuss different dimensions of quality, cost of Quality and evolution

of modern quality improvement methods and pros and cons of ISO: 9000 & 14000.

ii. Student will acquire Team spirit and Problem solving acumen by using brain storming Group discussions

using various SPC tools like Histograms, Pareto Diagrams, Fish Bone Diagrams, Check sheets, Flow and

control charts in the” Class Quality circles”

iii. Students will be able to use different Discrete and continuous probability distributions and their useful

approximations while solving problems related to Statistical process control, Acceptance sampling and

Reliability measurements.

iv. Students will be able to differentiate between Variable and Attribute control charts and fix their trial

control limits and conduct their analysis and then improve by fixing warning and action limits on them

considering 3 sigma and 6 sigma population concepts.

v. The students will acquire concept of adjusting the target line or changing specification limits as per process

capability or suggesting a change in process on the basis of control charts.

vi. The students will know how to draw samples from a lot to be inspected and to design or select an appropriate

Sampling plan to accomplish desiredAverage Outgoing quality limits(OAQL) of product by the customer

,involving minimum Average Total Inspection(ATI) while protecting the Producer from risk of rejection of

good lots by following appropriate Operational Characteristics (O.C) curve.

vii. The student will learn the usage of a booklet on various statistical tables covering, Area under Normal curve,

Values of statistical factors dependent on sub group/sample size like: d2, c2, A2, D3 D4, Dodge Romig and

MIL-STD-414.

viii. The students will know concepts of failure pattern of complex products and Reliability and their relation

to parameters like mean time between failures (MTBF), Mean time to repair (MTTR), Maintenance action

rate, Maintainability and Availability.

ix. The student will know the methods of improving reliability and thus safety and productivity.

Statistical Quality Control and Reliability ME 405 E

L T P/D Total Theory : 100 marks



UNIT I

Quality-Basic Concepts: Issues in Quality, factors affecting quality, creating quality by design, product

development cycle, economics of quality, Various definitions, ISO definition of quality and its meanings, and

17

various phases till TQM and its meaning to industries, customers and employees, contribution of quality gurus

etc. towards quality concepts. Total Quality Management: its scope, application and implementation. Quality

Circle: its objectives, structure and techniques. Variability concept in manufacturing-cycle, fishbone diagrams,

charts in time philosophy

UNIT II

Basic statistical concepts, various types of distributions, General theory X and R chart. Decision preparatory to the

control charts. Trial control limits. Selection of subgroups. Charts with variable subgroups, Reject and Revoke,

limits for average on X charts, modified control limits, specification limits, practical limitations. Control charts

for fraction defectives, calculation and plotting of control limits, sensitivity of p chart, applications. Control charts

for Defects, difference between defect and defective, calculation and plotting of control limits, applications, pi charts

and u charts, plotting of charts. Tests of various control charts. Process capability- inherent and potential capability.

UNIT III

Purpose of Acceptance by Attributes, Single sampling plans. O.C. curve, selection of sampling plans, Acceptance

number, Type A and Type B, O.C. curves, Double sampling plan and its analysis, Multiple and sequential

sampling, A.O.Q.L, Acceptance sampling plans under risk. Design of various sampling plans, Dodge-Roming

type system for acceptance sampling by attributes (use of various tables). Determination of process average,

Acceptance sampling by variables.

UNIT IV

Control of reliability, factors affecting reliability, pattern of failure, mean time to failure, Fundamental of statistical

concepts, consideration of reliability in series and parallel system, effect of redundancy and reliability,

method of reliability evaluation, reliability optimization, Availability and Maintainability, means to

improve reliability, reliability control during manufacture.


1. Statistical Quality Control

By Grant and Leaven, McGraw-Hill

2. Quality Control and Reliability

By Mahajan, Dhanpat Rai.

3. Quality Control

By Hansen, Prentice- Hall



Sr.No. Lecture Topic

1 Product Development Cycle or spiral of progress in Quality, Economics of Quality

2 Various Phases till T.Q.M and its meaning to industries, customers and employees

3 Contribution of Quality Gurus towards Quality concepts

4 Total Quality Management; Its scope,application and implementation

5 Quality Circle; Its objective structure and techniques

6 Amitava Mitra

7 BASIC STASTICAL CONCEPTS: Normal & Binomial Probability Distributions,

8 Hypergeometric,Weibull & Poisson's Distribution

9 General theory of Xbar and R Charts, Decesions prepratory to making control chrts

10 Trial control limits,Selection of sub groups, Charts with variable sub groups

11 Grant &Leavenworth

12 Purpose of Acceptance by Attributes,Acceptance Sampling, Single Sampling Plan

13 Acceptance number, O.C.curves; Type A & B curves, Ideal O.C. curve

14 Double sampling Plan and its analysis, Multiple and seqential sampling plan

15 Accepted of out going quality level AOQL; Acceptance sampling plans under risk.

16 Design of various sampling plans

17 Determination of process average

18 Acceptance samling by variables , The Shanin Lot plot method

18

19 MilitaryStandard for inspection by variables(MIL-STD-414)

19 Quality control and reliability, Factors affecting reliability,

20 Measurement of Reliability, Statistical concepts and Weibull Distribution

21 Concepts of Availability and Maintainability

22 Reliability optimization, Measurement of Availbility and Maintainability

23 Reliability control during manufacture

24 Quality control & Improovement

TUTORIAL SHEET NO:1

1. Define term Quality and state the various factors which affect the product quality.

2. Explain Quality of conformance and the factors which affect it.

3. Distinguish between quality of Design and Quality of Performance.

4. Explain cost of quality and value of quality

5. Draw a curve showing Economics of quality of conformance and locate the optimum point.

6. Draw a curve showing Economics of quality of Design and locate the optimum point on it.

7. Define term Quality according to I.S.O. and explain the issues involved in quality

8. Describe the difference between Quality culture till1980 and T.Q.M. considering various concepts like definition,

Priorities, Decisions, Emphasis, Responsibility, Problem solving, Manager‟s role, Errors involved, Procurement

strategy.

9. Describe Quality circle, its objective, structure, techniques used and rules followed

10. Describe Historical perspective of Quality control from Before Industrial Revolution to modern era.

11. Define Total Quality Management. What are its Guiding principles? Explain its elements in brief.

12. Summarize the contribution of following persons to Quality Management

(i) Deming (ii) Juran (iii) Crosby (iv) Ishikawa

13. State the chief requirements for the successful working of T.Q.M. Programme in an industrial organization.

14. Describe in brief (i) Central Tendency and three ways in which it is expressed (ii) Dispersion and the ways to

measure it.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO:2

1. Describe various discrete and continuous probability functions in brief

2. A random sample of 4 is to be selected from a lot of 10 articles, 3 of which are defective. What is the probability

that the sample will contain 1 defective?

3. A random sample of 4 is to be selected from a lot of 10 articles 3 of which are defective. What are the

probabilities of the sample having exactly zero or one defective?

4. Construct a trial control chart for Xbar and R for the following data on the basis of samples of fuses, 5 being

taken every hour(each set of 5 has been arranged in ascending order of magnitude).Suggest future control limits

also.

42 42 19 36 42 51 60 18 15 69 64 61

65 45 24 54 51 74 60 20 30 109 90 78

75 68 80 69 57 75 72 27 39 113 93 94

78 72 81 77 59 78 95 42 62 118 109 109

87 90 81 84 78 132 138 60 84 153 112 136

5. Differentiate between chance causes and assignable causes of variation giving suitable examples.

6. a) Under what circumstances X & s charts are preferred over X & R charts

b)Explain how Process capability is related to upper & lower specification limits

c) Describe advantages and disadvantages of Attribute control charts over variable control chats

7. An item is made in lots of 200 each .The lots are given 100% inspection. The record sheet for the first 25

lots inspected showed that75 items were defective.

a) Determine the trial control limits for n p charts showing number defective

b) If all points fall within the control limits what is the p, estimate of average process defective of the

process

c) If this p remains unchanged what is the probability that the 26th

lot will contain exactly 7 defectives

d) Further what is the probability of having 7 or more defectives

8. Five different defects are classified in a telephone assembly industry. Weightage assigned to each defect is

shown below. A sample of 20 units is inspected and number of defects of each class is recorded as follows.

Establish the control limit, UCL, LCL for demerits

19

control chart

Class of Defect Weightage(wi ) Number of Defects =∑ci

I 0.80 4

II 0.65 12

III 0.25 60

IV 0.15 75

V 0.05 50

9. In a textile finishing plant, dyed cloth is inspected for the occurrence of defects per 50 sq. meters. The data

on ten rolls of cloth are shown in the table below. Use these data to set up a control chart for non-

conformities per unit.

Roll No No of

sq. mts.

Total No of non-

conformities

Roll No No of sq.

mts.

Total No of non-

conformities

1 500 14 6 500 10

2 400 12 7 600 21

3 650 20 8 525 16

4 500 11 9 600 19

5 475 7 10 625 23

TUTORIAL SHEET NO: 3

1. A stipulated acceptance procedure calls for examining 8 articles from a lot of 1000 articles. If none of the eight

articles are defective the lot is accepted otherwise it is rejected. Assume that the lot containing 10% defective

articles is submitted for acceptance:

(a) Using hyper geometric probabilities, compute the probability of acceptance.

(b) Compute the approximate probability of acceptance using binomial distribution as an approximation. ©

Using normal distribution as an approximation to binomial, compute the approximate probability of acceptance

(d) Using Poisson distribution as an approximation compute the approximate probability of acceptance.

2. Explain the OC curve with reference to sampling inspection, and the meaning of the terms

( i) AQL (ii) LTPD (iii) OAQL (iv) Producer‟s risk (v) Consumer‟s risk

3. Construct O.C. and A.O.Q. curves for the following single sampling attributes single sampling plans

(a) n=10,c=1 (b) n =50, c=2 (c) n =100, c=4

4. Describe an item by item sequential sampling plan

b) What is ATI and how will you calculate it for a single and double sampling plan

5. Determine the equations of the rejection and acceptance lines for an item by item sequential plan in which

P(0.5)=0.05 & P(0.10) =0.15

TUTORIAL SHEET NO:4 1. Define reliability and describe its basic elements. Explain the failure pattern for a complex product

2. given a θ of 5000 hours and uniform failure rate, what is the reliability associated with a specified

service period of 200 hours

3. In a life testing plan 63 items are tested for 500 hours with replacement and an acceptance number of 5.

Find out producer‟s risk of rejection of a lot having a mean life of 10,000 hours and the consumer‟s risk

of acceptance of a lot having a mean life of 3333 hours.

4. A hydraulic sub system consists of two sub systems in parallel, each having the following components and

characteristics

The components within each sub system are all necessary for sub system success. The two parallel systems

operate simultaneously and either can perform the mission. What is the mission reliability if the mission

time is 300 hours?(Assume an exponential distribution

Component Failure rate per hour No. of components

Pump 23.4x10-6

1

Quick disconnect 2.4x10-6

3

Check valve 6.1.4x10-6

2

Shut- off Valve 7.9x10-6

1

Lines & Fittings 3.13x10-6

7

5. Write short notes on the following

(i) MTTR (ii) MTBF (iii) Maintainability (iv) availability (v) Cost of reliability

20

(vi)Marginal testing (vii) Life testing (viii) Quality and Reliability

Measurement and Control (Practical) ME 407 E

P/D Total Practical : 25 marks

2 2 Sessional : 50 marks


List of Experiments 1. Study of a strain gage based cantilever beam and measurement of strain

on the beam

2. Study of a LVDT and measurement of linear displacement

3. Study of an inductive pick up and measurement of linear displacement

4. Study of a LDR and measurement of linear displacement

5. Study of capacitive pick up and measurement of angular displacement

6. Study of temperature transducers and measurement of temperature of fluid

7. Study of a LVDT (strain gage based) and measurement of linear

displacement.

8. Study of a torque pick up and measurement of torque .

9. Study of a pressure pick up and measurement of pressure of fluid.

10. Study of load cell and measurement of load with load cell

11. Study of non-contact type speed pick up and measurement of rotational

speed

12. Comparison of sensitivity of thermocouple, thermister and RTD

Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be performed from the

above list. Remaining two experiments may either be performed from the above list or outside the list.

Project I ME 409 E

P/D Total Viva voce : 75 marks

7 7 Sessional : 100 marks


The students expected to take up a project under the guidance of teacher from the college. The project must be

based on mechanical engineering problems, which can be extended up to the full academic session. The students

may be asked to work individually or in a group not more than four students in a group. Viva- voce must be based

on the preliminary report submitted by students related to the project.

Seminar ME-411E

P/D Total Sessional: 50 marks

2 2

Student will give a talk on some technical topics.

Note: The seminar will continue in eighth semester and will be evaluated in eighth semester.

Practical training report ME 413 E

P/D Total Sessional : 75 marks

- - Duration of Exams. : 03 hours

Student will submit summer training (about 8 weeks‟ industrial training) report for his/her assessment.

Electives I and II Seventh Semesters

(Mechanical Engineering)

ELECTIVE – I

(For Mechanical Engineering Students)

1. ME 419 E Advanced Manufacturing Technology

2. ME 420 E Finite Element Method

21

3. ME 423 E Applied Numerical Techniques and Computer Programming

4. ME 425 E Gas Dynamics

5. ME 427 E Machine Tool Design

ELECTIVE - II

1. ME 435 E Renewable Energy Resources

2. ME 437 E Maintenance Engineering


4. ME 441 E Computational Fluid Dynamics

5. ME 443 E Mechatronics Engineering

Elective - I & II will be offered as departmental elective for Mechanical Engineering Students.

22

Advanced Manufacturing Technology (ME-419E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) :-

1. To give basic knowledge to students of different manufacturing processes.

2. To give theoretical knowledge to students regarding the different processes and machines used in industries for

manufacturing.

3. To teach the students about the advance engineering materials.

4. To make students capable in doing mathematical analysis of manufacturing processes.

5. To teach the students regarding methods of estimating machining times and cost estimation.

Course Outcomes (COs) :-

i. Students will acquire the basic knowledge of different manufacturing processes.

ii. Students will be able to solve the basic engineering problems related to machining time estimation and cost

estimation of the component.

iii. Students will learn the types, method of fabrication and methods of processing the advance engineering

materials such as composites as well basic materials like plastics and their applications.

iv. Students will gain the knowledge about the working and the application of different types of machines used in

industries such as casting machines, moulding machines etc.

v. Students will become capable in doing mathematical analysis of metal forming processes and solving

numerical problems related to different type of forming processes such as forging, rolling, extrusion and

drawing.

ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ME 419 E


4 I 5 Sessional : 5O marks


UNIT I

Hot machining, Machining of Plastics, Unit heads, Plastics cooling, electro forming, Surface Cleaning and

Surface Treatments, Surface Coatings, Paint Coating and Slushing, Adhesive Bonds, Adhesive Bond Joints,

Adhesives, Surface Coating for Tooling, Graphite Mould Coating, Vacuum Mould Process.

Introduction, Types of Composites materials, Agglomerated Materials, Reinforced materials, Laminates,

Surface Coated Materials, Production of Composite Structures, Fabrication of particulate composite Structures,

Fabrication of reinforced Composite, Fabrication of Laminates, Machining, Cutting and Joining of

Composites.

UNIT II

Introduction, Polymers, Polymerization, Addition of Polymers, Plastics, Types of plastics, Properties of

Plastics, Processing of Thermoplastic Plastics, Injection Moulding, Extrusion Process, Sheet forming

processes, Processing of Thermosetting Plastics, Compression Moulding, Transfer Moulding, Casting of

Plastics, Machining of plastics, other processing methods of plastics

Introduction, casting, thread chasing, Thread Rolling, Die Threading and Tapping, Thread Milling, Thread

Measurement and Inspection

UNIT III

Theoretical basis of metal forming, classification of metal forming processes, cold forming, hot working,

Warm working, Effect of variables on metal forming processes, Methods of analysis of manufacturing

processes, Open Die forging, Rolling Power Rolling, Drawing, Extrusion.

UNIT IV

Introduction, Product Application, Limitation of Die Casting, Die Casting Machines, Molten metal Injection

systems, I lot chamber machines, Cold chamber machines, Die casting Design, Design of Die casting Dies,

Types of Die casting Dies, Die design, Die material, Die Manufacture, Die Lubrication and Coating,

Preheating of Dies, Vacuum Die Casting, Recent trends In Die Casting Process.

Definition, Cost accounting or costing, Elements of costing, cost structures, Estimation of cost elements, Methods of

estimating, Data requirements of cost estimating, Steps in making cost estimate, Chief factors in cost estimating,

Numerical examples, calculation of machining times, Estimation of total unit time.

23


1. Principles of Manufacturing

- By J.S.Campbell, Tata McGraw-Hill

2. Production Engineering Sciences

- By Pandey and Sinh Standard Pub.

3. A text book of Production Technology

- By P.C. Sharma S.Chand & Company.

4. Manufacturing Materials and Processes

- By Lindberg Prentice Hall

5. A text book of Production Engineering

- By P.C. Sharma S.Chand & Company.

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two question from each


Lecture No Lecture Topic

1 Introduction to AMT, Hot machining.

2 Description of Machining of Plastics, Unit heads

3 Explanation of Plastics tooling, electro forming.

4 Surface Cleaning and Surface Treatments and its various types.

5 Various methods of Surface Coatings and polishing, Paint Coating and Slushing

6 Introduction to Adhesive Bonds, Adhesive Bond Joints.

7 Manufacturing of various Adhesives.

8 Surface Coating for Tooling, Graphite Mould Coating and Vacuum Mould Process.

9 Introduction to Composites materials.

10 Types of Composites materials, Agglomerated Materials, Reinforced materials, Laminates, Surface

Coated Materials

11 Production of Composite Structures, Fabrication of particulate composite Structures

12 Fabrication of reinforced Composite, Fabrication of Laminates

13 Explanation of Machining, Cutting and Joining of Composites

14 Introduction to Polymers, Types of Polymers.

15 Description of Polymerization, types of Polymerization process

16 Addition of Polymers, Introduction to Plastics.

17 Types of plastics, Properties of Plastics

18 Processing of Thermoplastic Plastics, Injection Moulding, Extrusion Process, Sheet forming

processes

19 Processing of Thermosetting Plastics, Compression Moulding, Transfer Moulding

20 Casting of Plastics, Machining of plastics, other processing methods of plastics

21 Introduction, casting, thread chasing, Thread Rolling, Die Threading and Tapping,

22 Description of Thread Milling, Thread Measurement and Inspection

23 Introduction to Die Casting, Product Application, Limitation of Die Casting

24 Die Casting Machines, Molten metal Injection systems, Hot chamber machines

25 Cold chamber machines, Die casting Design, Design of Die casting Dies

26 Types of Die casting Dies, Die design, Die material

27

Die Manufacture, Die Lubrication and Coating, Preheating of Dies, Vacuum Die Casting, Recent

trends In Die Casting Process

28 Definition, Cost accounting or costing, Elements of costing, cost structures.

29 Estimation of cost elements, Methods of estimating, Data requirements of cost estimating

30 Steps in making cost estimate, Chief factors in cost estimating

24

31 Numerical examples, calculation of machining times, Estimation of total unit time.

32 Theoretical basis of metal forming, classification of metal forming processes

33 Introduction to cold forming, hot working process.

34 Warm working, Effect of variables on metal forming processes

35 Methods of analysis of manufacturing processes

36 Description of Open Die forging process.

37 Introduction to Rolling, Power Rolling process.

38 Introduction to Drawing process, Introduction to Extrusion process.

TUTORIAL SHEET-1

1. Describe process of Surface Cleaning. Explain various process of it.

2. What do you understand by Hot Machining process.

3. What are Composites. Explain various types of Composites.

4. Explain the fabrication of Laminates and Reinforced Composites.

5. Describe the processor of Vaccum Moulding process

TUTORIAL SHEET-2

1. Describe Plastics. Explain various types of it.

2. What do you understand by term Injection Moulding.

3. What are Polymers. Explain various types of Polymers.

4. Explain the thread casting and rolling process.

5. Describe the processor of Thermosetting plastics.

TUTORIAL SHEET-3

1. Describe Metal forming Explain various types of process of metal forming.

2. What do you understand by term Warm working.

3. What are the effects of variables on metal forming process.

4. Explain difference between Hot working and Cold working.

5. Describe the processor of Open die forging.

TUTORIAL SHEET-4

1. Describe Die Casting process. Explain various types of it.

2. How lubrication and coating of Die take place explain briefly.

3. What are the recent trends in Die Casting

4. Explain the molten metal Injection systems.

5. Define Cost accounting. What are its various elements

6. Explain the various methods of Estimating. What is the data required for it.

7. Describe various machines for manufacturing of Die Casting.

TUTORIAL SHEET-5

1. What do you understand by adhesive bond joints.

2. Describe the process of manufacturing adhesives.

3. What is the difference between Laminates and Reinforced materials.

4. Explain the process of manufacturing of Thermoplastic plastics.

5. What is Vaccum mould process.

TUTORIAL SHEET-6

1. What is Plastics. Explain its different types.

25

2. What are the different methods of Hot machining process.

3. How machining of composites takes place.

4. What is the manufacturing process of die.

5. What are the recent trends in Die Casting process.

6. Explain the Thread rolling process.

TUTORIAL SHEET-7

1. What do you understand by adhesive bond joints.

2. Describe the process of manufacturing adhesives.

3. What is the difference between Laminates and Reinforced materials.

4. Explain the process of manufacturing of Thermoplastic plastics.

5. Why preheating of die takes place.

TUTORIAL SHEET-8

1. What are the steps of Cost estimating. What are the factors we consider for cost estimating.

2. Describe the Lubrication and coating of Dies.

3. What are the methods of analysis of manufacturing process.

4. What is the process of Cutting and joining of Composites.

5. What are the other processing methods of Plastics.

26

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ME 421 E

L T P/D Total Theory :100 marks


Duration of Exams. : 3 hrs

UNIT I

Basic Concept, Historical background, Engineering applications, general description, Comparison with other

methods.

Need for weighted-integral forms, relevant" mathematical concepts and formulae, weak formulation of boundary

value problems, variational methods, Rayleigh-Ritz method, and weighted residual approach.

UNIT II

Model boundary value problem, finite element discretization, element shapes, sizes and node locations,

interpolation functions, derivation of element equations, connectivity, boundary conditions, FEM solution,

post-processing, compatibility and completeness requirements, convergence criteria, higher order and

isoparametric elements, natural coordinates, Langrange and Hermite polynomials.

UNIT III

External and internal equilibrium equations, one-dimensional stress-strain relations, plane stress and strain

problems, axis-symmetric and three dimensional stress-strain problems, strain displacement relations, boundary

conditions, compatibility equations, computer programs.

UNIT IV

Variational approach, Galerkin approach, one-dimensional and two-dimensional steady-state problems for

conduction, convection and radiation, transient problems.

In viscid incompressible flow, potential function and stream function formulation, incompressible viscous flow,

stream function, velocity-pressure and stream function-vorticity formulation, Solution of incompressible and

compressible fluid film lubrication problems

Reference and Text Books: 1. The Finite Element Method

- By Zienkiewicz, Tata McGraw

2. The Finite Element Method for Engineers

-By Huebner, John Wiley

3. An Introduction to the Finite Element Method

-By J.N.Reddy, McGraw Hill

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two question from each


27

APPLIED NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER PROGRAMMING ME- 423 E


4 1 - 5 Sessional : 50 marks


Unit I

Interpolation and Curve Fitting : Lagrangian Polynomials, Divided differences, Interpolating with a cubic spline,

Bezier Curves and B-Spline Curves, Polynomial approximation of surfaces, Least Square approximations, Flow

Chart for Computer Programmes.

Unit II

Solving Non-Linear Equations: Bisection Method, Linear Interpolation Methods, Newton‟s Methods, Muller‟s

Methods, Fixed-point Iteration Method, Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Solving Sets of Equations: The Elimination Method, Gauss and Gauss Jordan Methods, Other Direct Methods,

Iterative Methods, The Relaxation Methods, Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Unit III

Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Derivatives from difference tables. High Order Derivative, Extra-

polation Techniques. The Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson‟s Rules. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: The Taylor-Series Method, Euler and modified Euler-

Methods, Range-Kutta Methods, Miline‟s Method. The adams-Moulton Method, Convergence Criteria, Errors and

error Propagation. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Unit IV

Boundary-Value and Characteristic- Value Problems: The Shooting Method, Rayleigh-Ritz Method, Collocation

Method, Galerkin Method, The Power Method for Eigenvalues by Iteration. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: (A) P.D.equation representation as a difference equation,

Iterative Methods for Laplace‟s Equation. The Possion Equation, Derivative Boundary Conditions. ( B) The Crank-

Nicolson Method for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Text Books :

1. Applied Numerical Analysis by Curtis f. Gerald and Patrick O. Wheatley – Published

by Addison Wesley.

2. Introductory Methods of Numerical Methods – S.S. Sastry, PHI, New Delhi.

Reference Books :

1. MATHEMATICA – A system for doing mathematics by Computer by Wolfram,

Stephen – Published by Addition – Wesley.

2. Applied Numerical Methods by Camahan, Brice,Et.al, Published by Wiley, New

York.

3. Numerical Solution of partial differential equations by Smith, G.D. Published by

Oxford University Press London.

4. Iterative Methods for the solution of Equations by J.F. Traub – Published by Prentice

Hall.

5. Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science by B.S. Grewal- Published by

Khanna Publishers.

6. Numerical Methods in Engineering by M.G. Salvadori and M.L. Baron- Published by

Prentice Hall India.

Note : 1. The Instructor of the course may cover the use of software MATHEMATICA, in the

tutorial class.

2. In the semester examination, the examiner will set eight questions, at least two

questions from each unit. The students will be required to attend only 5 questions.

28

GAS DYANAMICS MET-425

L T P total Sessional Marks : 50

4 1 5 Theory : 100

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs.

Unit - I Introduction, units, thermodynamics concepts for control mass analysis flow dimensionality and average

velocity comment on entropy-pressure energy equation. The stagnation concept, stagnation pressure, energy

equation, momentum equation problems.

Introduction, Objectives, speed of propagation of pressure front, Mach Number, sonic velocity, field

due to a moving source of disturbance, mach cone mach, angle equation for a perfect gas in terms of mach.

number. h. s.& t. s. diagram problems.

UNIT II

Introduction, adiabatic flow with and without losses, the reference concept, isentropic tables, conversant & divergent

nozzles, diffuser performance, frictional effects on nozzle flow problems.

Introduction, shock analysis-general fluid, working equations for perfect gas, normal-shocks tables, shocks in

nozzles, supersonic wind tunnel operation, thermodynamic directions of a normal shock, Rankins-Hugoniat relation,

strength of shock, operation of nozzles, problems.

UNIT III Introduction, normal shocks tangential velocity superposition -oblique shocks, oblique-shocks, analysis,

oblique-shock tables and charge, boundary conditions of flow direction, boundary condition of pressure

equilibrium, introduction to Prandtl Mayer expansion, problems.

Introduction, analysis for general fluid, working equations for a perfect gas, reference state and fanno

tables, application, correlation with shocks, friction chocking, Rayleigh flow. Analysis for a general fluid,

working equations for a perfect gas reference state and Rayleigh tables, applications, correlation with shocks,

thermal shocking, and summary problems

UNIT IV

Introduction, Brayton cycle, propulsion engines. thrust power and efficiency, thrust consideration power

consideration, power conskloiftlion and efficiency consideration, open Brayton cycle for propulsion

systems, turbojet, turbo propulsion, ram jet, pulse jet, numerical.

Text Books:

1. Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics- YAHA, S.M. TMI-I, India.

2. Fluid Mechanics-A.K. Mohanty, Prentice Hall of India.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics- YUAN, S.W. Prentice Hall of India.

2. Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics - Robert D. Zucker, Met tire Publication.

3. Gas Dynamics -E-., Radha Krishnan, prentice Hall of India.

4. Gas Dynamics Vol. -I Zucrotuf, Wiley.

5. Gas Dynamics - Shapiro Wiley.



29

MACHINE TOOL DESIGN ME 427 E

L T P/D TOTAL Sessional marks: 50 Marks

4 1 - 5 Theory : 100 Marks

Duration of Exam. : 3 hrs.

UNIT I

Definition and classification, Corking and auxiliary motion in m/c tools, parameters of working motion,

machine tool drive, selection of electric motor, hydraulic and mechanical transmission and their elements,

general requirement of m/c tool design. Engineering design process for m/c tool, and techno-economical

consideration for design of new m/c tool.

Aims, stepped and stepless speed regulation, design of speed and feed gear box, m/c tool drives using multiple

speed motors, gear box kinematics design, gearing diagram, no. of teeth, no. of teeth on gears in the gear train,

classification speed and feed boxes, numerical problems.

UNIT II

Function and requirements, design criteria, criteria of selection of materials, static arid dynamic stiffness,

profiles for m/c tool structure, stiffness, design procedure for m/c tool structure, numerical problems.

Function and types, profiles, material and clearance in slide ways, analysis of design of slide ways for wear and

stiffness design of hydrostatic guide ways, aerostatic slide ways and antifriction guide or sliding friction power

screws for wear, strength, friction bucking stability design of rolling friction, power screw for stiffness,

numerical problems.

UNIT III Function and requirements, material for spindle, effect of m/c tool compliance on machining accuracy, design of

spindles for bending, permissible deflection strength, optimum spacing for spindle support, antifriction and

different types of sliding bearings and their general characteristic, air lubricated bearing, numerical problems.

UNIT IV

Equivalent Elastic System (EES), general procedure for accessing dynamic stability of EES cutting process

closed loop system dynamic characteristics of elements, systems, EES and culling process, stability analysis,

forced vibration of machine tools.

Function requirements and classification, control system for forming and auxiliary motion, manual control

systems, ergonomic considerations, automatic control systems and adaptive control system.

Text Books: Machine Tool Design & Numerical Control by N.K. Mehta, Published by TMH.

Production Technology by R.K. Jain, Published by Khanna Publishers.

References Books:

1. Design of M/c Tool by S.K. Basu, Allied Publisher, New Delhi.

2. Principles of M/c Tool by Ballacharya A. and Sen. G.C., Published by New Central

Book Agency, Calcutta.

3. Machine Tool Design -Vol-IV- by Acherkean N., Published by Mir Publication.

4. Design principles of Metal Cutting Machine Tools by Koenigsberyer F.,

Published by Pergrnan Press, Oxford.



30

Renewable Energy Resources (ME-435E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To make students learn about concept of Non Renewable and Renewable Sources of Energy and their

scopes in India.

2. To understand the various technical and social implications of the use of non conventional resources in the

context of modern global scenario.

3. To make students capable of trapping solar radiation and their conversion from heat energy to electrical

energy by using various techniques.

4. To impart basic understanding about the working principles of various technology used for power

generation from non conventional sources.

5. To make the students gain knowledge of various suitable locations in India regarding the availability of

different energy sources such as Solar Energy,Hydropower,Wind Power,Tial Energy, Ocean Thermal

Conversion System(OTEC) etc;


i. Students will be understand about the need of non conventional sources and their importance .

ii. Students will come to know the global challenges of power crisis and their alternatives .

iii. Students will be able to analyze the power statistics of India and compare with other developed countries.

iv. Students will be able to under stand the solar system and the various techniques to trap solar radiation

v. Students will come to now about the different locations in India enriched with availability of various non

conventional resources.

vi. Students will be understand about the different power plants run from inexhaustible sources of energy with

their capacity in MW.

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ME 435 E

L T P Total Sessional : 50 marks

4 1 5 Theory: 100 marks

Duration of Exam : 3 hrs.

UNIT-I Introduction and Essential of Fluid Mechanics and Meat Transfer Fundamentals and scientific principles of

renewable energy resources, technical and social implications, Bernoulli's, equation, conservation of

momentum, viscosity, turbulence, friction and pipe flow, heat circuit analysis and terminology, conductive,

convective and radiative heat transfers, properties of transparent materials, heat transfer by mass transport,

multimode heat transfer and circuit analysis, problems.

UNIT-II Extraterrestrial solar radiation, components of radiation, geometry of earth and sun, geometry of collector

arid the solar beam, effects of earth's atmosphere, measurements of solar radiation, calculation of heat balance

for a solar collector, type of water heaters, selective surfaces, crop heaters, space heating, space cooling,

water desalination, solar ponds, solar concentrators, electric power system, problems.

Introduction, the silicon p-n junction, photon absorption solar radiation input, photovoltaic circuit

properties and loads, limits to cell efficiency, solar cell construction type and adaptations of photovoltaic,

other types of photoelectric and thermo electric generation, problems.

UNIT III Principles of hydro power, assessing the resource for small installations, an impulse turbine, reaction

turbines, hydro electric systems, the hydraulic rain pump, wind turbine types and terms, linear momentum

and basic theory, dynamic matching, steam tube theory, characteristics of the wind, power extraction by a

turbine, electricity generation, mechanical power, problems.

Introduction, tropic level photosynthesis, photosynthesis at the plant level, thermodynamic considerations,

photosynthesis, molecularlevel photosynthes is, synthetic photosynthesis, bio fuel classification, bio-

mass production for energy farming, direct combustion for heat, pyrolysis (destructive distillation), alcoholic

fermentation, anaerobic digestion for bio-gas, agrochemical fuel extractions, problems.

31

UNIT IV

Introduction, wave motion, wave energy and power, ;wave patterns, devices, the causes of tides, enhancement of

tides flow power, tidal range power, world range power sites, problems.

Principles of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), heal exchangers, pumping requirements, other

practical considerations, introduction to geothermal energy, geophysics, dry rock and hot aquifer analysis,

harnessing geothermal resources, problems.

Text Books:

Renewable Energy Rsources by John W. Twidell and Anthony D. Weir, published by E.& F. N. Spon Ltd.

London.



Lesson

No.

Topic to be covered Total

periods

1ST

UNIT

1 Introduction and Essential of Fluid Mechanics, scientific

principles of renewable energy resources

1

2 Bernoulli's, equation, conservation of momentum,

viscosity

1

3 turbulence, friction and pipe flow 1

4 heat circuit analysis and terminology, conductive,

convective and radiative heat transfers

2

5 properties of transparent materials, heat transfer by mass

transport

1

6 Multimode heat transfer and circuit analysis, problems 2

2ND

UNIT

7 Extraterrestrial solar radiation, components of radiation,

geometry of earth and sun.

1

8 geometry of collector arid the solar beam, effects of

earth's atmosphere, measurements of solar radiation

1

9 calculation of heat balance for a solar collector, type of

water heaters selective surfaces, crop heaters, space

heating, space cooling,

2

10 Water desalination, solar ponds, solar concentrators,

electric power system, problems.

2

11 Introduction, the silicon p-n junction, photon absorption

solar radiation input photovoltaic circuit properties and

loads, limits to cell efficiency solar cell construction type

and adaptations of photovoltaic

2

12 Other types of photoelectric and thermo electric

generation, problems.

1

13 Principles of hydro power, assessing the resource for

small installations, an impulse turbine, reaction turbines,

hydro electric systems, the hydraulic rain pump,

2

32

3rd

UNIT

14

wind turbine types and terms, linear momentum and

basic theory, dynamic matching, steam tube theory,

characteristics of the wind, power extraction by a turbine,

electricity generation

2

15 Introduction, tropic level photosynthesis, photosynthesis

at the plant level thermodynamic considerations,

photosynthesis, molecular level photosynthesis

2

16 synthetic photosynthesis, bio fuel classification, bio-mass

production for energy farming, direct combustion for

heat,

3

17 pyrolysis alcoholic fermentation, anaerobic digestion for

bio-gas, agrochemical fuel extractions

3

4th

UNIT

18 Introduction, wave motion, wave energy and power,

;wave patterns, devices, the causes of tides, enhancement

of tides flow power

2

19 Principles of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

(OTEC), heat exchangers, pumping requirements, other

practical considerations

.

2

20 introduction to geothermal energy geophysics, dry rock

and hot aquifer analysis, harnessing geothermal resources

2

Total 35

Tutorial Sheet 1

Q1: what is Viscosity? Explain it.

Q2: Explain turbulence.

Q3: Explain the Friction in pipe flow.

Q4: What are the Components of solar radiation?

Q5: Explain Air heaters

Q6: Explain solar ponds

Tutorial Sheet 2

Q1: What are renewable sources of energy? Explain.

Q2: What are the scientific principles of renewable energy?

Q3: Explain conservation of momentum.

Q4: What are the properties of transparent materials?

Q5: What are the modes of heat transfer? Explain.

Q6: What are heat exchangers? Explain its types.

Tutorial Sheet 3

Q1: What are the contents of the solar radiation?

Q2: Explain the geometry of the Sun and Earth.

Q3: What is a solar collector? Explain its working principle.

Q4: what are social and environmental aspects of solar water heating?

Tutorial Sheet 4

Q1: Explain solar pond with diagram.

Q2: Explain the doping process.

Q3: Explain wave capture system.

Q4: Explain P-N Junction with diagram.

33

Tutorial Sheet 5

Q1: What are the principles of hydropower?

Q2: Explain impulse turbine.

Q3: Explain reaction turbine.

Q4: Explain hydro-electric system.

Tutorial Sheet 6

Q1: What is photosynthesis? Explain

Q2: What are the thermodynamic considerations of photosynthesis?

Q3: Explain the classification of the biofuels.

Q4: Explain the process of biomass production for energy farming.

34

MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING ME 437 E


4 1 - 5 Theory : 100 marks


UNIT I

Evolution of maintenance, objective of maintenance, maintenance policies and philosophies, maintenance

concept, maintenance management & terotechnology, relationship with other functional areas, importance of

maintenance, elements of good maintenance, economics of maintenance, training and safety aspects in

maintenance.

Classification of maintenance programs, corrective preventive and predictive maintenance, comparison of

maintenance programs, preventive maintenance-concept, functions, benefits, limitations.

UNIT II

Objectives, what to monitor, when to monitor, principles of CBM, condition based maintenance techniques,

manual inspections, performance monitoring, vibration monitoring, current monitoring, coil

debris/spectroscopy, thermography and corrosion monitoring, steps in implementation of CBM, benefits of

CBM.

RCM logic, maintenance and RCM, benefits of RCM, total productive maintenance (TPM), introduction,

key supporting elements of TPM, methodology, evaluation and benefits.

UNIT III Purpose and challenges: Techniques, visual aids-boroscopes, endoscopes, fiber optics scanners,

magnetic particles inspection, liquid penetrants, eddy current, ultrasonic radiography, selection of NDT

technique, metrits/demerits and applications of various techniques.

Basic ingredients, basic steps in maintenance management, maintenance planning and control system,

documentation, maintenance-productivity areas for improvement

UNIT IV Techniques for improvement of operational reliability, safety and availability of machines and production systems,

maintainability criteria, checklist to assess the maintainability of a system, maintainability programs, objectives,

key issues in availability improvements program, fault diagnosis, Pareto principle Ishikawa diagram.

Data processing systems for integrated maintenance, maintenance information and reporting systems.

Text Books:

1. Maintenance Planning and Control by Higgin L.R., McGiaw Hill Book Co.,

1900.

2. Maintenance Planning and Control by Kelly Anthony, East West Press

Private Ltd, New Delhi, 1991.

3. Maintainability principle and practices by Blanchard B.S. and Lowey E.E.

McGrawHill Book co.

4. Practical NOT by Raj B. Jaya Kumar T and Thavasimulyi K., Narora Publishing

House, New Delhi, 1996.

5. Engineering Maintenance Management by Niebel Benjamin W. Marcel Dekher,

1994.



35

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING ME 439 E




UNIT I

Definition of cryogenics, physical properties of various cryogenic fluids and industrial application

UNIT II

Types of insulations, vacuum insulation: gas filled powders and fibrous materials, solid forms, comparison of

various insulating materials. UNIT III

Mechanical properties; Specific heat; Thermal expansion; Electrical resistance; Thermal conductivity;

Emissivity; Reflectivity and Absorptive; Thermo-electric e. m. f.

UNIT IV

Types of insulated storage containers, transport techniques, various design considerations, safety aspects of

cryogenic systems, flammability hazards, high-pressure gas hazards etc., design and fabrication of transfer

line, transfer through non-insulated lines, liquid line indicators, valves for cryogenic "liquids, pumping of

cryogenic liquids, other allied equipment.


Cryogenic Systems - by IJaiion

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning- By Spark and Dilio



36

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ME 441 E


4 1 - 5 Sessional: 50 marks


UNIT I Methods of prediction: comparison of experimental investigation Vs theoretical calculation; Mathematical

description of physical phenomena; significance of governing differential equations; the general form of

governing differential equation.

Classification of problems: Physical classification: Equilibrium problems and Marching problems;

Mathematical classification: Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations; Nature of co-

ordinates; one way and two-way co-ordinates; Proper choice of co-ordinates.

UNIT II

The concept of discretisation; Finite differences; Taylor series formulation; Finite difference

discretisation of ordinary and partial derivatives; Truncation error, round-off error, discretisation error;

Consistency and stability of numerical schemes; Variation formulation; Method of weighted Residuals, control

volume formulation.

UNIT III

Steady one- dimensional Conduction, The inter-face conductivity, Non linearity, Source-Term Linearizsation, Types of

Boundary Conditions. Unsteady one-dimensional Conduction: Explicit, Crank-Nicolson and Fully Implicit scheme's

Discretisation of two and three-dimensional problems, Stability analysis.

UNIT IV

Steady one dimensional convection and diffusion, The up wind scheme, Generalized Formulation, Discretisation

equation for two and three dimensional problems, The outflow Boundary condition, false Diffusion.

Basic difficulty, Vorticity Based methods, Representation of the continuity equation, the staggered grid:

the momentum equations, the pressure velocity corrections, and SIMPLE algorithm.

Reference and Text Books: 1. Computational Fluid Dynamics

- By Anderson, McGraw-Hill

2. Numerical Heat Transfer and fluid flow

- By Patankar, McGraw-Hill



37

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING ME 443E

L T P Total Sessional: 50 marks

4 1 - 5 Theory 100 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 hrs.

UNIT I What is mechatronics? A measurement system with its constituent elements, open and closed loop systems,

sequential controllers, micro processor based controllers, the Mechatronic approach.

A review of displacement, position velocity, motion, force fluid pressure, liquid flow, liquid level,

temperature, light sensors/along with performance terminology, selection of sensors, input data by switches,

signal conditioning, brief review of operational amplifier, projection, filtering, wheat stone bridge, digital

signals, multiplexers, data acquisition, digital signal processing, pulse modulation, data presentation systems,

displays, data presentation elements, magnetic recording, data acquisition systems, testing £ calibration,

problems. UNIT II

Pneumatic and hydraulic systems, directional control valves, valve symbols, pressure control valves, cylinder

sequencing, process control valves, rotary actuators, mechanical systems -types of motion, kinematic

chains, cams, gear trains, Ratchet & Pawl, belt and chain drives, bearings, mechanical aspects of motor

selection, electrical systems, mechanical and solid state switches, solenoids, D.C. & A.C moto4rs, stepper

motors, problems. UNITIII

Continuous and discrete process- lag, steady state error, control modes, two step mode, proportional mode-

electronic proportional controllers, derivative control- proportional plus derivative control, integral control-

proportional plus integral control, PID controller-operational amplifier PID circuits, digital controllers -

implementing control modes, control system performance, controller tuning, process, reaction method

and ultimate cycle method, velocity control, adaptive control, problems.

Scale, a pick and place robot, automatic camera, engine management system and bar code recorder.

UNIT IV

A review of number systems and logic gates, Boolean algebra, Karnaugh maps, sequential logic basic structure of

programmable logic controllers, input/output processing, programming mnemonics; timest, internal relays and

counters, master and jump controls, data handling, analog input/output, selection of a PLC, PROBLEMS.

Control, microcomputer structure, micro-controllers, applications, programming languages, instruction sets,

assembly language programs, subroutines, Why C Language? A review of program structure, branches, loops,

arrays, pointers, examples of programs, interfacing, input/output, interface requirements. Peripheral interface

adapters, serial communication interface, examples of interfacing, problems.

Text Book:

1. Mechatronics by W. Bolton, published by Addition Wesley.



Electives I and II

Seventh Semester

(Mechanical Engineering)

ELECTIVE – I

1. ME 419 E Advanced Manufacturing Technology

2. ME 420 E Finite Element Method

3. ME 423 E Applied Numerical Techniques and Computer Programming

4. ME 425 E Gas Dynamics


ELECTIVE – II

6. ME 435 E Renewable Energy Resources

7. ME 437 E Maintenance Engineering


9. ME 441 E Computational Fluid Dynamics

10. ME 443 E Mechatronics Engineering

Elective - I & II will be offered as departmental elective for Mechanical Engineering Students.

38

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ME 421 E

L T P/D Total Theory :100 marks



UNIT I

Basic Concept, Historical background, Engineering applications, general description, Comparison with other

methods.

Need for weighted-integral forms, relevant" mathematical concepts and formulae, weak formulation of boundary

value problems, variational methods, Rayleigh-Ritz method, and weighted residual approach.

UNIT II

Model boundary value problem, finite element discretization, element shapes, sizes and node locations,

interpolation functions, derivation of element equations, connectivity, boundary conditions, FEM solution,

post-processing, compatibility and completeness requirements, convergence criteria, higher order and

isoparametric elements, natural coordinates, Langrange and Hermite polynomials.

UNIT III

External and internal equilibrium equations, one-dimensional stress-strain relations, plane stress and strain

problems, axis-symmetric and three dimensional stress-strain problems, strain displacement relations, boundary

conditions, compatibility equations, computer programs.

UNIT IV

Variational approach, Galerkin approach, one-dimensional and two-dimensional steady-state problems for

conduction, convection and radiation, transient problems.

In viscid incompressible flow, potential function and stream function formulation, incompressible viscous flow,

stream function, velocity-pressure and stream function-vorticity formulation, Solution of incompressible and

compressible fluid film lubrication problems


1. The Finite Element Method- By Zienkiewicz, Tata McGraw

2. The Finite Element Method for Engineers-By Huebner, John Wiley

3. An Introduction to the Finite Element Method-By J.N.Reddy, McGraw Hill



39

APPLIED NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES AND COMPUTER PROGRAMMING ME- 423 E




Unit I

Interpolation and Curve Fitting : Lagrangian Polynomials, Divided differences, Interpolating with a cubic spline,

Bezier Curves and B-Spline Curves, Polynomial approximation of surfaces, Least Square approximations, Flow

Chart for Computer Programmes. Unit II

Solving Non-Linear Equations: Bisection Method, Linear Interpolation Methods, Newton‟s Methods, Muller‟s

Methods, Fixed-point Iteration Method, Flow Chart for Computer Programs.

Solving Sets of Equations: The Elimination Method, Gauss and Gauss Jordan Methods, Other Direct Methods,

Iterative Methods, The Relaxation Methods, Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Unit III

Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Derivatives from difference tables. High Order Derivative, Extra-

polation Techniques. The Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson‟s Rules. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: The Taylor-Series Method, Euler and modified Euler-

Methods, Range-Kutta Methods, Miline‟s Method. The adams-Moulton Method, Convergence Criteria, Errors and

error Propagation. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Unit IV

Boundary-Value and Characteristic- Value Problems: The Shooting Method, Rayleigh-Ritz Method, Collocation

Method, Galerkin Method, The Power Method for Eigenvalues by Iteration. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: (A) P.D.equation representation as a difference equation,

Iterative Methods for Laplace‟s Equation. The Possion Equation, Derivative Boundary Conditions. ( B) The Crank-

Nicolson Method for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations. Flow Chart for Computer Programmes.

Text Books :

1. Applied Numerical Analysis by Curtis f. Gerald and Patrick O. Wheatley – Published

by Addison Wesley.

2. Introductory Methods of Numerical Methods – S.S. Sastry, PHI, New Delhi.

Reference Books :

1. MATHEMATICA – A system for doing mathematics by Computer by Wolfram,

Stephen – Published by Addition – Wesley.

2. Applied Numerical Methods by Camahan, Brice,Et.al, Published by Wiley, New

York.

3. Numerical Solution of partial differential equations by Smith, G.D. Published by

Oxford University Press London.

4. Iterative Methods for the solution of Equations by J.F. Traub – Published by Prentice

Hall.

5. Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science by B.S. Grewal- Published by

Khanna Publishers.

6. Numerical Methods in Engineering by M.G. Salvadori and M.L. Baron- Published by

Prentice Hall India.

Note :

1. The Instructor of the course may cover the use of software MATHEMATICA, in

the Tutorial class.

2. In the semester examination, the examiner will set eight questions, at least two

questions from each unit. The students will be required to attend only 5

questions.

40

GAS DYANAMICS MET-425

L T P Total Sessional Marks : 50

4 1 - 5 Theory: 100

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs.

UNIT - I Introduction, units, thermodynamics concepts for control mass analysis flow dimensionality and average

velocity comment on entropy-pressure energy equation. The stagnation concept, stagnation pressure, energy

equation, momentum equation problems.

Introduction, Objectives, speed of propagation of pressure front, Mach Number, sonic velocity, field

due to a moving source of disturbance, mach cone mach, angle equation for a perfect gas in terms of mach.

number. h. s.& t. s. diagram problems.

UNIT II

Introduction, adiabatic flow with and without losses, the reference concept, isentropic tables, conversant & divergent

nozzles, diffuser performance, frictional effects on nozzle flow problems.

Introduction, shock analysis-general fluid, working equations for perfect gas, normal-shocks tables, shocks in

nozzles, supersonic wind tunnel operation, thermodynamic directions of a normal shock, Rankins-Hugoniat relation,

strength of shock, operation of nozzles, problems.

UNIT III Introduction, normal shocks tangential velocity superposition -oblique shocks, oblique-shocks, analysis,

oblique-shock tables and charge, boundary conditions of flow direction, boundary condition of pressure

equilibrium, introduction to Prandtl Mayer expansion, problems.

Introduction, analysis for general fluid, working equations for a perfect gas, reference state and fanno

tables, application, correlation with shocks, friction chocking, Rayleigh flow. Analysis for a general fluid,

working equations for a perfect gas reference state and Rayleigh tables, applications, correlation with shocks,

thermal shocking, and summary problems

UNIT IV

Introduction, Brayton cycle, propulsion engines. thrust power and efficiency, thrust consideration power

consideration, power conskloiftlion and efficiency consideration, open Brayton cycle for propulsion

systems, turbojet, turbo propulsion, ram jet, pulse jet, numerical.

Text Books:

1. Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics- YAHA, S.M. TMI-I, India.

2. Fluid Mechanics-A.K. Mohanty, Prentice Hall of India.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics- YUAN, S.W. Prentice Hall of India.

2. Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics - Robert D. Zucker, Met tire Publication.

3. Gas Dynamics -E-., Radha Krishnan, prentice Hall of India.

4. Gas Dynamics Vol. -I Zucrotuf, Wiley.

5. Gas Dynamics - Shapiro Wiley.



41

ME 427 E MACHINE TOOL DESIGN

L T P/D TOTAL Sessional marks: 50 Marks

4 1 - 5 Theory : 100 Marks

Duration of Exam. : 3 hrs.

UNIT I

Definition and classification, Corking and auxiliary motion in m/c tools, parameters of working motion,

machine tool drive, selection of electric motor, hydraulic and mechanical transmission and their elements,

general requirement of m/c tool design. Engineering design process for m/c tool, and techno-economical

consideration for design of new m/c tool.

Aims, stepped and stepless speed regulation, design of speed and feed gear box, m/c tool drives using multiple

speed motors, gear box kinematics design, gearing diagram, no. of teeth, no. of teeth on gears in the gear train,

classification speed and feed boxes, numerical problems.

UNIT II

Function and requirements, design criteria, criteria of selection of materials, static arid dynamic stiffness,

profiles for m/c tool structure, stiffness, design procedure for m/c tool structure, numerical problems.

Function and types, profiles, material and clearance in slide ways, analysis of design of slide ways for wear and

stiffness design of hydrostatic guide ways, aerostatic slide ways and antifriction guide or sliding friction power

screws for wear, strength, friction bucking stability design of rolling friction, power screw for stiffness,

numerical problems.

UNIT III

Function and requirements, material for spindle, effect of m/c tool compliance on machining accuracy, design of

spindles for bending, permissible deflection strength, optimum spacing for spindle support, antifriction and

different types of sliding bearings and their general characteristic, air lubricated bearing, numerical problems.

UNIT IV

Equivalent Elastic System (EES), general procedure for accessing dynamic stability of EES cutting process

closed loop system dynamic characteristics of elements, systems, EES and culling process, stability analysis,

forced vibration of machine tools.

Function requirements and classification, control system for forming and auxiliary motion, manual control

systems, ergonomic considerations, automatic control systems and adaptive control system.

Text Books: Machine Tool Design & Numerical Control by N.K. Mehta, Published by TMH.

Production Technology by R.K. Jain, Published by Khanna Publishers.

References Books:

Design of M/c Tool by S.K. Basu, Allied Publisher, New Delhi.

Principles of M/c Tool by Ballacharya A. and Sen. G.C., Published by New Central

Book Agency, Calcutta.

Machine Tool Design -Vol-IV- by Acherkean N., Published by Mir Publication.

Design principles of Metal Cutting Machine Tools by Koenigsberyer F.,

Published by Pergrnan Press, Oxford.



42

MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING ME 437 E




UNIT I

Evolution of maintenance, objective of maintenance, maintenance policies and philosophies, maintenance

concept, maintenance management & terotechnology, relationship with other functional areas, importance of

maintenance, elements of good maintenance, economics of maintenance, training and safety aspects in

maintenance.

Classification of maintenance programs, corrective preventive and predictive maintenance, comparison of

maintenance programs, preventive maintenance-concept, functions, benefits, limitations.

UNIT II

Objectives, what to monitor, when to monitor, principles of CBM, condition based maintenance techniques,

manual inspections, performance monitoring, vibration monitoring, current monitoring, coil

debris/spectroscopy, thermography and corrosion monitoring, steps in implementation of CBM, benefits of

CBM.

RCM logic, maintenance and RCM, benefits of RCM, total productive maintenance (TPM),

introduction, key supporting elements of TPM, methodology, evaluation and benefits.

UNIT III Purpose and challenges: Techniques, visual aids-boroscopes, endoscopes, fiber optics scanners,

magnetic particles inspection, liquid penetrants, eddy current, ultrasonic radiography, selection of NDT

technique, metrits/demerits and applications of various techniques.

Basic ingredients, basic steps in maintenance management, maintenance planning and control system,

documentation, maintenance-productivity areas for improvement

UNIT IV Techniques for improvement of operational reliability, safety and availability of machines and production systems,

maintainability criteria, checklist to assess the maintainability of a system, maintainability programs, objectives,

key issues in availability improvements program, fault diagnosis, Pareto principle Ishikawa diagram.

Data processing systems for integrated maintenance, maintenance information and reporting systems.

Text Books:

1. Maintenance Planning and Control by Higgin L.R., McGiaw Hill Book Co., 1900.

2. Maintenance Planning and Control by Kelly Anthony, East West Press Private Ltd,

New Delhi, 1991.

3. Maintainability principle and practices by Blanchard B.S. and Lowey E.E. McGrawHill

Book co.

4. Practical NOT ES by Raj B. Jaya Kumar T and Thavasimulyi K., Narora Publishing House,

New Delhi, 1996.

5. Engineering Maintenance Management by Niebel Benjamin W. Marcel Dekher, 1994.



43

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING ME 439 E




UNIT I

Definition of cryogenics, physical properties of various cryogenic fluids and industrial application

UNIT II

Types of insulations, vacuum insulation: gas filled powders and fibrous materials, solid forms, comparison of

various insulating materials. UNIT III

Mechanical properties; Specific heat; Thermal expansion; Electrical resistance; Thermal conductivity;

Emissivity; Reflectivity and Absorptive; Thermo-electric e. m. f.

UNIT IV

Types of insulated storage containers, transport techniques, various design considerations, safety aspects of

cryogenic systems, flammability hazards, high-pressure gas hazards etc., design and fabrication of transfer

line, transfer through non-insulated lines, liquid line indicators, valves for cryogenic "liquids, pumping of

cryogenic liquids, other allied equipment.


Cryogenic Systems - by IJaiion

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning- By Spark and Dilio



44

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ME 441




UNIT I Methods of prediction: comparison of experimental investigation Vs theoretical calculation; Mathematical

description of physical phenomena; significance of governing differential equations; the general form of

governing differential equation.

Classification of problems: Physical classification: Equilibrium problems and Marching problems;

Mathematical classification: Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations; Nature of co-

ordinates; one way and two-way co-ordinates; Proper choice of co-ordinates.

UNIT II

The concept of discretisation; Finite differences; Taylor series formulation; Finite difference

discretisation of ordinary and partial derivatives; Truncation error, round-off error, discretisation error;

Consistency and stability of numerical schemes; Variation formulation; Method of weighted Residuals, control

volume formulation.

UNIT III

Steady one- dimensional Conduction, The inter-face conductivity, Non linearity, Source-Term Linearizsation, Types of

Boundary Conditions. Unsteady one-dimensional Conduction: Explicit, Crank-Nicolson and Fully Implicit scheme's

Discretisation of two and three-dimensional problems, Stability analysis.

UNIT IV

Steady one dimensional convection and diffusion, The up wind scheme, Generalized Formulation, Discretisation

equation for two and three dimensional problems, The outflow Boundary condition, false Diffusion.

Basic difficulty, Vorticity Based methods, Representation of the continuity equation, the staggered grid:

the momentum equations, the pressure velocity corrections, and SIMPLE algorithm.

Reference and Text Books: 1. Computational Fluid Dynamics

- By Anderson, McGraw-Hill

2. Numerical Heat Transfer and fluid flow

- By Patankar, McGraw-Hill



45

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING ME 443E

L T P Total Sessional: 50 marks


Duration of Exam: 3 hrs.

UNIT I What is Mechatronics? A measurement system with its constituent elements, open and closed loop systems,

sequential controllers, micro processor based controllers, the Mechatronic approach.

A review of displacement, position velocity, motion, force fluid pressure, liquid flow, liquid level,

temperature, light sensors/along with performance terminology, selection of sensors, input data by switches,

signal conditioning, brief review of operational amplifier, projection, filtering, wheat stone bridge, digital

signals, multiplexers, data acquisition, digital signal processing, pulse modulation, data presentation systems,

displays, data presentation elements, magnetic recording, data acquisition systems, testing £ calibration,

problems.

UNIT II Pneumatic and hydraulic systems, directional control valves, valve symbols, pressure control valves, cylinder

sequencing, process control valves, rotary actuators, mechanical systems -types of motion, Kinematic

chains, cams, gear trains, Ratchet & Pawl, belt and chain drives, bearings, mechanical aspects of motor

selection, electrical systems, mechanical and solid state switches, solenoids, D.C. & A.C moto4rs, stepper

motors, problems.

UNITIII Continuous and discrete process- lag, steady state error, control modes, two step mode, proportional mode-

electronic proportional controllers, derivative control- proportional plus derivative control, integral control-

proportional plus integral control, PID controller-operational amplifier PID circuits, digital controllers -

implementing control modes, control system performance, controller tuning, process, reaction method

and ultimate cycle method, velocity control, adaptive control, problems.

Scale, a pick and place robot, automatic camera, engine management system and bar code recorder.

UNIT IV

A review of number systems and logic gates, Boolean algebra, Karnaugh maps, sequential logic basic structure of

programmable logic controllers, input/output processing, programming mnemonics; timest, internal relays and

counters, master and jump controls, data handling, analog input/output, selection of a PLC, PROBLEMS.

Control, microcomputer structure, micro-controllers, applications, programming languages, instruction sets,

assembly language programs, subroutines, Why C Language? A review of program structure, branches, loops,

arrays, pointers, examples of programs, interfacing, input/output, interface requirements. Peripheral interface

adapters, serial communication interface, examples of interfacing, problems.

Text Book:

1. Mechatronics by W. Bolton, published by Addition Wesley.



semester-vii - ambala college · semester-vii ... torque transmitted, brief description of cone...

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