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Table of ContentsHistory of the Law of Torts and Negligence...............................................3Donoghue v. Stevenson.............................................................................4

Elements of the Tort of Negligence............................................................4Duty of Care...............................................................................5Hedley Byrne v. Heller...............................................................................Home !"ce v. Dorset...............................................................................

#ust v. B$................................................................................................... %nns v. &erton London Borough $ouncil...................................................&ur'hy $ase ( $a'aro $ase..................................................................... )amloo's v. *illiams.................................................................................$oo'er v. Ho+art....................................................................................... $oo'er Test...............................................................................................,Do+son v. Do+son......................................................................................,-easona+le orseea+ility.........................................................................../

Special Duties of Care: Duties over Drunks...................................70eneral....................................................................................................../#ordan House v. &enow............................................................................./$-!$)E- v. S1ND%N$E............................................................................/$aillou Estate............................................................................................ 2Stewart v. ettie........................................................................................ 2$hilds v. Desmoreau................................................................................2

Special Duties of Care: Duty to Prevent Crime & Protect Others.. ..#ane Doe $ase........................................................................................... 2Hill v. $hief $onsta+le................................................................................2

Special Duties of Care: Duty to !escue.........................................&atthews v. &acLaren...............................................................................2

&atthews v. &acLaren 5Horsely $om'lication6..........................................7Special Duties of Care: Duties to the "nborn................................#$ategories of Duties8.................................................................................7%rndt v. Smith............................................................................................7Bovingdon v. Hergott.................................................................................7*rongful regnancy..................................................................................7)ealy v. Bere9ows:i.................................................................................;

Special Duties: )anufacturer's Duty to *arn.............................%+Holis v. Dow $orning $or'....................................................................... ;?

Special Duties: Pure ,conomic -oss...........................................%+Hedley Byrne...........................................................................................;?

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Herculese &anagement...........................................................................;?*inni'eg $ondominium no.3,................................................................;?$oncurrent Lia+ility8 B$ $heco................................................................;3$aveat Em'tar8 $N- v. Nors: aci@c Steamshi'.....................................;3Bow Aalley Hus:y.................................................................................... ;3

Stanar of Care.......................................................................%/

0eneral....................................................................................................;4Bolton v. Stone........................................................................................;41S% v. $arroll Towing $o..........................................................................;4riestman v. $olangelo............................................................................;4aris v. Ste'ney Borough $ouncil............................................................;

Special Stanars of Care: People 0ith Disabilities.....................%5*enden v. Tri:ha.....................................................................................;iala v. $echmane: 5$urrent Test6...........................................................;hysically disa+led as 'laintis8..............................................................;hysically disa+led as defendants8 Haley v. London Electric $o..............;

Special Stanars of Care: The 1oun2........................................%3#oyal v. Bars+y......................................................................................... ;,

Special Stanars of Care: )eical............................................%3*hite v. Turner........................................................................................;,

Special Stanars of Care: Customs...........................................%3Ter Neu9en v. )orn...................................................................................;,*aldric: v. &alcom..................................................................................;,

Causation.................................................................................%7The But>or Test8 )aufman v. TT$............................................................;/*al:er Estate v. Cor: inche 0eneral Hos'ital.........................................;/

Strate2ic 4uren.......................................................................%7Snell........................................................................................................;/

)ultiple Causes........................................................................%=nde'endent Su"cient $auses=ndivisi+le Harm8 &aterial $ontri+ution

Test8 Han:e.............................................................................................. ;2=nde'endent Su"cient $auses8 Lam+ton v. &ellish................................;2&ulti'le =ndivisi+le#oint causes8 $oo: v. Lewis.......................................;2=nde'endent =nsu"cient $auses8 ; tortious ; not8 %they.......................;2=nde'endent =nsu"cient $auses8 Both tortious8 Nolan $ase...................;2

ssessin2 P's -oss....................................................................%#enner v. &itchell....................................................................................;7

!emoteness..............................................................................%#*agon &ound F;8 ST=LL THE TEST =N $%N%D% +c. =tGs unfair to im'ose aduty on DGs.............................................................................................. ;7*agon &ound F?8 TEST =N %1ST-%L=%...................................................;7

!emoteness: Types of Dama2e..................................................%#Hughes v. Lord %dvocate.........................................................................;7

Tremain v. i:e.........................................................................................?

Smith v. Leech Brain................................................................................?