semantics and services

Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.

www.deri.org

Semantics and Services

Dieter Fensel

DERI International

Dieter Fensel<dieter.fensel>@deri.org

PVA: Semantische Technologien Die Zukunft des E-Business

Wirtschaftkammer Österreich 26-April-2006

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But first a few words about us…

• Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI) - our vision is to make the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services a reality enabling fully flexible eCommerce for small, medium-sized and large enterprises.– Semantic Web Services have the potential to become a key-

enabling infrastructure for Knowledge Management and eWork, Enterprise Application Integration, and eCommerce

– In consequence, Semantic Web Services are one of the key areas of applied computer science

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DERIGalway

DERIInnsbruck

DERISeoul

DERIStanford

DERI International – Status

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DERI International € 42 Mio

SFI: 12M€European Union: €6,6MEnterprise Ireland: 0,3M€

DERI Galway € 19 Mio

DERI Seoul € 5,5 Mio

DERI International – Status

DERI Stanford € 2 Mio

DERI Innsbruck € 15,5 Mio

European Commission: €10,1M€Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung: 2M€TransIt: 1,4M€FFF/FFG/WWFF: 1,5M€BMBWK: 0,5M€

Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare: 4M€

Ministry of Information And Communication: 1,2M€

DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: 0,15M€

DARPA, subcontracted through NRL (Naval Research Laboratory: 1,85M€

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Projects that DERI is involved in (around 188M€):• ASG: 12 M€ COG: 2 M€• DERI Lion: 12 M€ DIP: 18 M€• DSSE: 0.4M€ Eastweb: 1 M€• Esperonto: 3 M€ E-Swan: 0,5M€• Grisino: 0,5M€ H-techsight: 3M€• Infrawebs: 3M€ Knowledge Web: 8 M€• LBSCULT: 0,2M€ M3PE: 0,2 M€• Musing: 15M€ Nepomuk: 16 M€• Ontoweb: 2M€ RW2: 0.4M€• Salero: 14M€ SAOR: 0,3 M€• SEKT: 13M€ SEEMP: 5M€• Semantic Gov: 5 M€ Sembiz: 0,6M€• SemNetMan: 0.5M€ Sense: 0,7M€• SUPER: 15 M€ Swing: 4 M€• SWWS: 3 M€ SystemOne: 2.1M€• TRIPCOM: 5M€ Interoperable EHR: 16M€• Semantic Service Engine 4M€ TSC: 0.3M€• GGP Testbed 0,15M€ Learning Evaluation: 1.85M€

DERI International – Status (July 2005)

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DERI – Team 2005

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DERI 2006 - 2007 (Future Plans )


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The Technological Vision

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Semantically Empowered Service-oriented Architectures (SESA)

• Currently, computer science is in a new period of abstraction.

• A generation ago we learnt to abstract from hardware and currently we learn to abstract from software in terms of SERVICE oriented architectures (SOA).

• It is the service that counts for a customer and not the specific software or hardware that is used to implement the service.

• In a later stage, we may even talk in terms of problem-oriented architectures (or more positively expressed in terms of problem-solving oriented architectures) because SOAs are biased towards the service provider and not towards the customer that has a problem that needs to be solved.

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Semantically Empowered Service-oriented Architecture (SESA)

• Service-oriented architectures will become quickly the leading software paradigm

• However, SOAs will not scale without significant mechanization of– Service discovery, service adaptation, negotiation, service

composition, service invocation, and service monitoring; and– Data and process mediation

• Therefore, machine processable semantics needs to be added to bring SOAs to their full potential

• Development of open standards (languages) and open source architectures and tools that add semantics to service descriptions

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The SESA Manifesto (M. Brodie et al.)

Service Delivery Network

ServiceLife-cycle

Environment

ServiceControlPlatform

ServiceRepository

Network

Connection

Change ControlServices

The operation system of the 21st century based on semantics


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Background

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500 million user

more than 3 billion pages

Static WWWURI, HTML, HTTP

Semantic Web and Web Services

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Serious Problems inSerious Problems ininformation finding,information finding,information extracting,information extracting,Information representing,Information representing,information interpreting and information interpreting and information maintaining.information maintaining.

Semantic WebRDF, RDF(S), OWL


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Bringing the Bringing the computer back computer back as a device for as a device for computationcomputation


Dynamic Web ServicesUDDI, WSDL, SOAP


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Bringing Bringing the Web to the Web to its full its full potentialpotential


Dynamic Web ServicesUDDI, WSDL, SOAP

Intelligent WebServices


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State-of-the-Art in (non-semantic) Web Services

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Usage Process

1. Publishing create & publish Web service description

2. Discovery determine usable services for a request

3. Composition combine services to achieve a goal

4. Selection choose most appropriate service among the available ones

5. Mediation solve mismatches (data, protocol, process) that hamper interoperation

6. Execution invoke Web services following

programmatic conventions

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Mechanization of Finding, Comparing, Data and Process Mediation

• Mechanized support is needed in finding and comparing service providers and their offers– Machine processable semantics of information allow to

mechanize these tasks

• Mechanized support is needed in dealing with numerous and heterogeneous data formats– Ontology technology is required to define such standards better

and to map between them

• Mechanized support is needed in dealing with numerous and heterogeneous business and application logics– Mediation is needed to compensate these differences, allowing

partners to cooperate properly


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Concepts & Technological Basis

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DERI – W<Triple>

W<Triple> which stands for:• WSMO: A conceptual model for describing service

oriented architectures• WSML: A formal language for describing service

oriented architectures• WSMX: A service oriented architecture• Triple space: A shared space for heterogeneous

services that communicate via persistent publication

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DERI – W<Triple>

A Conceptual Model for Semantic Web Services

A Formal Language for WSMO

A Rule Language for the Semantic Web

Execution Environment for WSMO

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Objectives that a client may havewhen consulting a Web Service

Provide the formallyspecified terminologyof the information usedby all other components

Semantic description of WebServices: - Capability (functional)- Interfaces (behavioral)

Connectors between components withmediation facilities for handling heterogeneities

Concepts & Technological Basis (1): WSMO

Four top level elements = Cornerstones of conceptual model

(www.wsmo.org)

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Concepts & Technological Basis (1): WSMO

The big challenge of defining a Semantic

Web service

• Capabilities– What is a service able to do?

– What are the requirements on the input and output?

Preconditions, Assumptions, Postconditions and Effects need to be defined.

• Interfaces– How can a service be accessed?

– How does a service solve its task?

Choreography and Orchestration of services need to be defined.

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Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML

WSML: The Web Service Modeling Language

A family of language layered on top of XML and RDF.

URIUnicode

XML

RDF (S)

WSML Core

WSML DLWSML Rule

WSML Full

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A set of concrete languages for the various tasks:• Ontology / Rule Languages (static view)

– WSML Core• efficiency and compatibility

– WSML DL• decidability, open world semantics

– WSML Rule• efficient existing rule engines

– WSML Full• unifying language, theorem proving

• Languages for dynamics – Transaction Logic over ASMs

• Mapping languages– for dynamics (process mediation)– for data (data mediation)

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W3C Semantic Web Language Layer Cake

revised version, Tim-Berners-Lee 2005

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Concepts & Technological Basis (3): WSMX

WSMX: The Web Service EXecution Environment• A service oriented architecture.• Reference implementation of SESA and WSMO

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Human net

Machine net

email web

WebServices

Triple Space

Message Publishing

Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space

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“Persistently publish and read

semantic data that is denoted

by unique identifiers”

Communication platform for Semantic Web services based on Web principles:

Fundamentals:

• Space-based computing – sharing information, knowledge

• RDF triples of the form: <subject, predicate, object>

• URI – Uniform Resource Identifier


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Triple Spaces allow for:• Time autonomy• Location autonomy• Reference autonomy• Vocabulary autonomy

Triple Spaces provide a communication paradigm for anonymous, asynchronous information exchange that ensure the persistency and unique identification of the communicated semantic data.


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•The SDK (SEKT, DIP, Knowledge Web) Cluster has strategically aligned with ASG (Adaptive Services Grid) resulting in the formation of the European Semantic Systems initiative (ESSI) cluster.

•The new ESSI Cluster combines Semantic Web Services and Semantically empowered system solutions with Semantically empowered service-oriented architectures

•ASG will add value to the new ESSI cluster by providing a proof-of-concept prototype of an open platform for adaptive services discovery, creation, composition and enactment.

Dissemination

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Standardization

• Done– WSMO and WRL submitted to W3C (member submissions)– W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services

• In progress– OASIS Semantic Execution Environment Technical Committee– W3C Rule Interchange Format Working Group

• In preparation– W3C Semantic Annotation for Web Services Working Group– W3C Semantics for Web Services Characterization Group

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W3C Member Submissions

• Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)– Submitted by DERI Innsbruck, DERI Galway, BT, The Open University, and

SAP AG on 04 April 2005• Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)• Web Service Modeling Language (WSML)• Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX)• Relationship of WSMO to relevant other technologies• WSMO Primer

– Published on 3 June 2005• See W3C Staff Comment: www.w3.org/Submission/2005/06/Comment

• Web Rule Language (WRL)– Submitted by DERI Galway, DERI Innsbruck, The Open University, Software

AG, Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI), BT, and National Research Council Canada on 21 June 2005

• Web Rule Language (WRL)• XML Schema for WRL/XML Serialization• Relationship of WRL to relevant other technologies• See www.w3.org/Submission/2005/08/

– Published on 9 September 2005• See W3C Staff Comment: www.w3.org/Submission/2005/08/Comment

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• Hosted in Innsbruck by DERI on 9-10 June 2005• Conclusion

– Strong interest in various forms of pre-standardization work, e.g. an Incubator Activity or a Characterization work

– Some users feel that standardization would benefit their efforts and the larger community

– However, there does not appear to be a clear momentum at present towards a W3C recommendation track in this area. Reasons for this include:

• the preference of the WS community for a "go-slow" approach• these technologies is primarily in research and/or prototyping efforts at

present;• lack of vendor commitment to provide tools and other forms of support;

– See www.w3.org/2005/04/FSWS/workshop-report

W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services

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OASIS SEE TC

• « The OASIS SEE TC aims to continue work initiated by the WSMX project and several other projects in Europe such as DIP, ASG and other projects in the area of Semantic Web Services which will start in the coming months. The aim of the SEE TC is to provide guidelines, justifications and implementation directions for an execution environment for Semantic Web services. The resulting architecture will incorporate the application of semantics to service-oriented systems and will provide intelligent mechanisms for consuming Semantic Web services » (Charter)

• First F2F meeting held 11 November 2005• Co-chairs: D. Fensel (DERI), M. Zaremba (DERI)

– Membership: 27 participants from 12 organisations• Deliverables and schedule:

– Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information Model• Technical specification• December 2007 (DIP deliverable D6.14)

– Services Specification -- Execution Semantics for Semantics-Enabled systems• Technical specification• December 2007 (DIP deliverable D6.15)

– Technical reports and white papers as required

www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=semantic-ex


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Application Areas & Market Prospects

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Application Areas & Market Prospects

• Application Areas – Knowledge Management – Enterprise Application Integration – E-Commerce (B2C and B2B) – E-Government – … many more

SESA = enabling technology for the 21st century • Market Prospects:

– 2006 / 07: Technology Development & Dissemination – 2008: Break Even Point / ROI – 2010: Commercialization (40 – 60 billion dollar

market)

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Market Development (Gartner)

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Estimated Market in 2010 for Semantic Technology

Semantic Web Market

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Acknowledgements

The work presented is funded by the European Commission under the projects ASG, DIP, Knowledge Web, SEKT, SWWS, AKT and Esperonto; by Science Foundation Ireland under the DERI-Lion project; and by the Austrian government under the FIT-IT program.

We would like to acknowledge all the authors contributing to SESA vision: Michael Brodie1, Christoph Bussler2, Jos de Brujin3, Thomas Fahringer4, Dieter Fensel3,5, Martin Hepp3, Holger Lausen3, Dumitru Roman3, Thomas Strang3, Hannes Werthner6, and Michal Zaremba3,5

1 Verizon, USA2 Cisco, USA3 DERI Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria4 Institute for Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria5 DERI Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland6 Department for Information Systems and e-tourism, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria

semantics and services

Documents

service adaptation

service invocation

service composition

service provider

msemantic service engine4mtsc

service monitoring anddata

semantic web services

mknowledge web