Social Networking using Semantic Web Technology and CSS

3D

Manjeel GoswamiDeil Dkhar

EVOLUTION OF WEB

Web 1.0 The Internet was young, and people were

thinking in terms of TV, files, magazines and books.

Use for only displaying information, hyper linking and book marking to web pages.

It is a static web page. There is no connection between users.

Web 2.0

After 1999 web 2.0 comes as the new version of web WWW

It is a dynamic web page. Generated by Server Side Applications. User can create, query and update. Users are humans. The ability for visitors to make changes to

Web pages: e.g. Amazon allows visitors to post product reviews.

Using Web pages to link people to other users: Social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace are popular in part because they make it easy for users to find each other and keep in touch.

Fast and efficient ways to share content: YouTube is the perfect example. A YouTube member can create a video and upload it to the site for others to watch in less than an hour.

Social Networking Service

It is a platform to build social networks or social relations among the people who share interests, activities, backgrounds or real life connections.

It consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his or her social links, and a variety of additional services. 

Social network sites are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, to create a list of users with whom to share connections, and view and cross the connections within the system.

Advantages of Web 2.0

User friendly. Cost efficiency: low to no cost Mobility: access anywhere of the place. Ties to global community Real time and continuous usages

Drawbacks of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0

Limited number of Contents. Slow, time consuming to produce contents. There is no connection between user and

producer. Require technology devices and internet

connection Content quality is low since authenticity and

exactness cannot always be trusted or verified.

Contd..

Security issues are extended to which user and their informations are open to hackers

The internet has no expiration date. Content is ‘out there’ once posted

Not all browsers support all function of web 2.0, they require software/plugin to download.

Recourse and data can be lost if the host is going down.

Contd..

Information sources isolated from greater community

Less governance and control

Web 3.0 or The Semantic Web

A “web of data” that enables machines to understand the semantics, or meaning, of information on the WWW.

It is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one.

Information is given well defined, better enabling machines and people to work in cooperation.

(Contd..)

Static Dynamic Syntax Semantic

Encoding HTML +RDBMS +XML +RDF/OWL

Creation Manually Generated by server-side applications

Generated by applications based on schema

Generated byapplications based on models

Users Humans Humans Humans and Applications

Humans and applications

Paradigm Browse Create/Query/Update

Integrate Interoperate

Applications Browsers Browsers Process Integration, EAI, BPMS, Workflows

Intelligent agents,Semantic engines.

Fig 1. Evolution of the Web

200520001995

Why do we need it?

Traditional web technologies like HTML are focused on organizing, presenting and linking documents Can’t directly access the meaning of information on

the Web Can’t provide consistent methods to aggregate and

query information on the Web

Semantic web technologies provide these missing components

Information can be stored, aggregated and queried based on its meaning

All of this can be automated, because the information is available in machine-readable formats

How is the Semantic Web Implemented?

There is a need to encode and manipulate knowledge on the web, but how can it be done?

Technologies that describe and manipulate information based on meanings and relationshipsResource Description Framework (RDF)Data interchange formats (RDF/XML, N3,

N-Triples)Notations (RDFS, OWL)Query languages (SPARQL)

Semantic Web Architecture

Fig. Semantic web layered architecture(Berners Lee, Hendler et al. 2001)

URI and Unicode Universal Resource identifier is a formatted string that

serves as a means of identifying abstract or physical resource.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) refers to the subset of URI that identifies resources via a representation of their primary access mechanism

Unicode provides a unique number for every character, independently of the underlying platform, program, or language.

XML(Extensible Markup Language)

Standard for data exchange on the web For e.g.,

<Contact contact_id=“1234”><first_name> Jorge </first_name><last_name> Cardoso </last_name><organization> University of Madeira </organization><email> jcardoso@uma.pt </email><phone> +351 291 705 156 </phone>

</Contact>

RDF(Resource Description Framework) Standardize the definition and use of

metadata. RDF uses XML and it is at the base of the

semantic Web RDF is graph-based

Not hierarchical like XML and other data description formats

Single pieces of information are graph nodes and the relationships between them are graph edges

Contd..

RDF use RDF triples in the form of subject, predicate, object.subject: a thing identified by its URLpredicate: the type of metadata, also identified by

a URL (also called the property)object: the value of this type of metadata

RDF contd..

For e.g. “Jorge Cardoso created the Jorge Cardoso Home Page.”

RDF contd..

In RDF we can expressed in the following Statements.

<? xml version="1.0" ?><RDF xmlns = "http://w3.org/TR/1999/PR-rdf-syntax-19990105#" xmlns:DC = "http://dublincore.org/2003/03/24/dces#">

<Description about = "http://dme.uma.pt/jcardoso/"><DC:Creator> Jorge Cardoso </DC:Creator>

</Description></RDF>

RDF Schema(RDFS)

Provide a type system for RDF RDF since it provides a way of building an object

model from which the actual data is referenced and which tells us what things really mean.

Allows users to define resources with classes, properties, and values.

Ontologies

Agreed vocabulary that provides a set of well-founded constructs to build meaningful higher level knowledge for specifying the semantics of terminology systems in a well defined and unambiguous manner.

Enhance the semantics of terms by providing richer relationships between the terms of a vocabulary

Expressed in a logic-based language, so that detailed and meaningful distinctions can be made among the classes, properties, and relations.

Increase communication either between humans and computers

Contd..

The three major uses of ontologies are:To assist in communications between humans.To achieve interoperability and communication

among software systems.To improve the design and quality of software

systems.

Logic, Proof and Trust

The purpose of this layer is to provide similar features to the ones that can be found in First Order Logic (FOL).

The idea is to state any logical principle and allow the computer to reason by inference using these principles.

Future objectives

In future, with the help semantic web we aim to enrich the existing web with a layer of machine-understandable metadata to enable the automatic processing of information by computer programs.

We will try to use CSS 3D for styling the layout.

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