selecting preformance grease

8/13/2019 Selecting Preformance Grease

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SELECTING PERFORMANCEGREASE:

Ten Crucial QuestionsPresented

4-13-2006By

Don Oldiges


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Ten Crucial Questions

Principles of SelectionManufacturer recommendations

Manufacturers usually provide a list of lubricants that meet the operatingrequirements for their equipment. (note that the equipment manufacturer'srecommendation should not necessarily be considered the best selection.

Lubricant producer recommendationsWhen manufacturers recommend lubricants for their products in terms ofspecifications or required qualities rather than particular brand names,lubricant producers should be consulted to obtain advice on products thatcomply with the required specifications.

User selectionThe user should follow the manufacturer's specification ensure thatapplicable criteria are met regardless of who makes the lubricant selection.


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Challenging Environments

Environmentally Friendly

Temperature Extremes

Heavy Loads

High Speeds

Long Life

Demands on Grease Performance


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Performance Objectives of Grease

To remain in contact with moving surfaces and provide lubrication even under the stress ofgravity, centrifugal action or pressure.

To retain its properties under use conditions at alllevels of shear and temperature.

While performing the above, the grease must still be able to flow or be pumped where it is needed.


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1: Know When to Use Grease

Applications suitable for performance grease .

Machinery that is idle for

long periods.Moving parts that areSealed for Life

Surfaces that are exposedto extreme conditions.

Extending the life of worncomponents.

Functional Properties

Sealant to minimizeleakage

Sealant to minimizecontamination

Rigidity holds it in placewhere its needed

Holds finely ground solidlubricants like moly orteflon.


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What is Grease?

AntioxidantAntiwearAntirustAnticorrosionExtreme pressure

VI ImproverTackifierPour Point DepressantSolid Boundary LubricantsDye

Petroleum OilsPolyalpha Olefins (PAO)PolybutenesEstersPolyglycols

PolyethersSiliconesPFPE

Grease

SellerFluid LubricantBuyerAdditive SellerThickener

SoapLithium, Sodium,Barium, Calcium,Aluminum

Non-Soap (inorganic)Clay, Graphite, SilicaCarbon Black

Non-Soap (organic)Polyurea, PTFE, Wax


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Grease Compatibility Chart

Al umi n

um

C om

pl ex

B ar i um

C al ci um

C al ci um

-H

y d r ox y

C al ci um

C om pl ex

C l a y

L i t h i um

L i t h i um

-H

y d r ox y

L i t h i um

C om pl ex

P ol y ur e a

Aluminum Complex C I I C I I B B C B

Barium I C I C I I I I I I

Calcium I I C C I C C B C I

Calcium 12-Hydroxy C C C C C C C C C I

Calcium Complex I I I B C I I I C C

Clay I I C C I C I I I I

Lithium B I C C I I C C C I

Lithium 12-Hydroxy B I B C I I C C C I

Lithium Complex C I C C C I C C C I

Polyurea B I I I C I I I I C

C = Usually compatible.B = Borderline compatibility (probably incompatible).I = Incompatible

1 2 1 2

All greases are not created equal, caution must beexercised when replacing or refilling a grease.


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What Do Most People Use?

2004 Global Production per NLGI Survey

Li Conventional53%

Li Complex15%


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3: Know your Classifications

SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)API (American Petroleum Institute)AGMA (American Gear ManufacturersAssociation),ISO (International Standards Organization)

NLGI (National Lubricating Grease Institute).

Professional societies and organizations have establishedclassifications for oil and grease. The most widelyencountered are those of the following organizations:


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NLGI grease classification

NLGI Number

ASTM WorkedPenetration

Consistency

000 445 - 475 Semi-fluid (Ketchup)

00 400 - 430 Semi-fluid (Applesauce)0 355 385 Very soft (Deli Mustard)

1 310 340 Soft (Tomato Paste)

2 265 295 Common Grease (Peanut Butter)

3 220 250 Semi-hard (Solid Shortening)4 175 205 Hard (Frozen Yogurt)

5 130 160 Very Hard (Hard Butter)

6 85 - 115 Solid (Brick Cheddar Cheese)


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5: Know Any Special Requirements

Special PerformanceRequirementsFederal Specs and

StandardsMil Specs andStandardsFood Grade

SpecificationsISO StandardsASTM Specifications

EXAMPLESMIL-G-3545

High Temperature GreaseMIL-G-4343B

Grease, Pneumatic System

MIL-G-7711 General Purpose EP Grease

MIL-G-18458 Wire Rope Grease

MIL-G-21164C Grease, Moly Disulfide

MIL-G-25760 Synthetic Grease

MIL-G-46886

Silicone Grease

EXAMPLESCategory - H1

Lubricants - GeneralIncidental Contact

Category - H2

Lubricants - General NoContactCategory - H3

Soluble Oils


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6: Know the Grease CharacteristicsRequired for the Application

Apparent Viscosity (non-Newtonian)Bleeding, Migration, Oil SeparationConsistency, Penetration, NLGI NumbersCorrosion, Rust and Water ResistanceDropping PointEvaporationOxidation Stability

PumpabilityShear StabilityTemperature effectsPressure Effects

C i l Q i


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Typical Grease Tests

Test ASTMMethod

Test Description

Cone Penetration D-217 Depth a cone pushes into grease

Dropping Point D-2265 Temperature where grease melts Apparent Viscosity D-1092 Thickness of grease

4 Ball Wear D-2266 Apply load until balls weld

Evaporation D-972 Weight loss from grease

Copper Corrosion D-4048 Chemical reactivity with metalWater Washout D-1264 Removal of grease by water

Rust Resistance D-1743 Protection of iron & steels

Oxidation Stability D-942 Storage stability

T C i l Q i


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Common Test Equipment

Penetrometer Grease Worker


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T C i l Q ti


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Grease Shear StabilityMotor-Matic Grease Worker Test

Shear or mechanical stabilityof a grease is its ability towithstand repeated workingwith minimum change in its

structure or stability.The shearing action in the testapparatus simulates theworking of the grease in

service.

The consistency is measuredafter 60 strokes and repeatedafter 10,000 or more strokes.

ASTM D-217-A



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Four Ball EP TestThe test is the determination ofthe load-carrying capacity of alubricant in kilograms applied toa system of four steel balls in theform of a tetrahedron.

The results are used to evaluatethe EP characteristic of thelubricant by a load scar curve andweld point.

The procedure consists of a seriesof 10-second runs made at pre-selected and successively higherloads until the welding of the four

balls occurs.

ASTM D-2783



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Simple Rotational Viscometer("Brookfield type")

This device measures fluid viscosityat fixed rotation speeds by driving ameasurement tool ("spindle"),immersed in the test fluid, through acalibrated torsion spring. Viscous drag of the fluid against the spindlecauses the spring to deflect, and thisdeflection is correlated with torque.The calculated shear rate depends onthe rotation speed, the tool geometry,and the size and shape of the sample

container. Conversion factors areneeded to calculate viscosity fromthe measured torque, and aretypically pre-calibrated for specifictool and container geometries.


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7: Know how the Grease is Applied

Automatic lubricating systemsPressure InjectorsMetering pumpHand operated grease applicatorCartridge Grease Gun

Grease Filler PumpBrush



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Example of a Large Automatic LubeApplication System



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8: Know the Packaging Required &Available

Aerosols

CartridgesSmall Containers

Pails

Drums or Totes



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9: Know the Marketing/Supply Channel

SUPPLIER

Performance Grease

GREASEMAKER

PRIVATELABELER

DISTRIBUTORCO-OP/BUYINGGROUP

Where do I go to get Good grease?



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PerformanceGrease

10: Know the Life Cycle Fate

PackagedGrease

DistributionWarehouse Consumer

Disposal

RawMaterials

Environmentally

Responsible

Renewable & Safe



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QUESTIONS???



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Q



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Q

Anhydrous Calcium Grease



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Q

Bentonite Clay Grease



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Calcium Complex Grease



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Lithium Complex Grease



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Lithium 12-Hydroxy Grease



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Aluminum Complex Grease



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Silicone Grease



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Fluorosilicone Grease



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Polyurea Grease



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Fatty Acids for Grease



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Grease Reactions


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PAO 40



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ExxonMobil Synthetic Oils

selecting preformance grease

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