seizing the solar solution

8/9/2019 SEIZING THE SOLAR SOLUTION

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A Joint Report by the Solar Trade Associations rom Around the World

S E I Z I N G T H E S O L A R S O L U T I O NCombating Climate Change through Accelerated Deploymen



T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Introduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Letter rom the Solar EnergyIndustry to the United Nat ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3

Country Reports

Austral ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 24

Sunbelt Countr ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Switzer land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 28

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 30

Annex: Country-Speci ic Pro i les

France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 35

New EU Member States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 37

Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 45

About the Solar Groups in th is Report . . . . . . 48



S E I Z I N G T H E S O L A R S O L U T I O N : Combating Climate Change through Accelerated Deployment 1

Solar Energy Policy is Climate Policy The danger o climate change threatens every nation and thereore every nation aces the

daunting task o choosing how to respond. However, with this crisis comes a signicant

opportunity – the opportunity to change the energy direction o the entire planet.

Although countries have gathered at the 15th United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conerence o the Parties meeting to negotiate a path

toward cutting emissions o greenhouse gases rom ossil uels, many countries have

already chosen a guaranteed pollution-reduction policy: they are actively increasing the

deployment o solar technology.

When it comes to near-term solutions on climate change, the verdict is clear. For the next

10 to 15 years, countries that want to generate pollution-ree energy and enjoy the beneto the jobs that come with renewable energy, the best

option is solar energy.

Solar energy is emerging as a major power source due

to its numerous environmental and economic benets

as well as its proven and reliable technologies.

We are at a crossroads in relation to our energy uture,

the design o which will be undamental also to get the

global economy back on track. World leaders have

the choice between the path o sustainability, energy

security, clean air and water, which would strengthen our economies and reduce our

dependence on imported uels or continue the inecient business as usual.

Solar technologies are ready NOW. The technology’s uel is unlimited and the technology

can be deployed ast enough to meet both increasing demand and aggressive climate

goals. This can be done in a centralized and in a distributed way and at any scale, rom

kilowatt to megawatt. I we really want to tackle the general uture o the environment, we

have to acknowledge solar as a key tool in the ght against climate change.

Solar Is an Economic Engine

Renewable energies, and especially solar energy, represent an exciting opportunity to

reshape the economy in a more sustainable way while generating added value and

employment. Policies that avor solar energy can save billions o tons o CO2, createthousands o jobs, draw billions in investment, and drive economies. Germany, Spain,

Italy, China, India, Japan and the United States—all key to solving climate change—have

all invested in solar energy and, as a result, have already created tens o thousands o

jobs and paved the road to uture employment in the solar sector.

While an all encompassing climate change treaty is proposed, negotiated, and worked

out in detail over the next months and years, there is a step that every country in the

world can take toward reducing global warming pollution and growing the economy:

enact strong solar energy policies.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

By 2020, the European PV industry is

ready to provide up to 12 percent o the EU

electricity demand and the United States

solar industry is committed to provide 15

percent o electricity, together reducing CO 2

emissions by nearly 1 billion metric tons and

creating 6.3 million jobs.



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Solar Capacity Around the Globe

This report summarizes the surveys rom industry leaders rom the world’s leading solar countries. The

entries show how much solar capacity is currently installed, the targets that the industry associations

rom those countries have set or solar installation, which policies will be needed to reach the target(s),

how many jobs will be created, and how much CO2 emissions will be avoided.

Four areas to highlight are: the European Union (EU), the United States, India, and China. The EU has

committed to raise the share o energy consumption provided by renewable sources to 20 percent by2020 and the European PV industry is ready to provide up to 12 percent o the EU electricity demand

by then. This will mean 5,500,000 jobs in Europe and a reduction o at least 220 million metric tons

o CO2-e per year by 2020. Europe will reach that goal i a number o conditions are created by

European policy makers, national governments, including the establishment o sustainable support

mechanisms such as Feed in Taris.

The United States has met the challenge o their European counterparts by setting a scenario or 15

percent o electricity met with 12 percent rom photovoltaics and concentrating solar power (CSP)

and an added 3 percent o electricity avoided by the use o solar thermal technology. This will mean

880,000 jobs in the U.S. and a reduction o at least 570 million metric tons o CO2-e per year starting

in 2020.

In no way missing the opportunity or bold targets, India will install 20 gigawatts o solar by 2020. And

China is one o the countries with the largest PV potential, with a target o 20,000 MWp o cumulative

capacity by 2020.

The Policies that Move the Markets – Strong Commitment or Feed-In Taris

Dierent policies have proven their ability to trigger the solar market in dierent countries. In the United

States, the solar investment tax credit (ITC) has been the sole driver o the American market. At the

same time, in China, government procurement will be a major driver or China’s solar industry ramp-

up. Among other examples in the European Union, the case o Germany’s optimally designed eed-in

tari can be seen as a good example o a support ramework perectly adapted to its market situation.

In order to meet the ambitious targets set by the European Union or renewable energies, theEU photovoltaic industry will continue to support adapted policy rameworks in order to reach its

ambitious but realistic targets (www.setor2020.eu). The U.S., emboldened by an eight-year expanded

tax credit, has identied eight policy areas to ocus on in order to raise itsel up to the level o its

European counterparts (www.solarbillorights.com). The new subsidies policy in Japan restarted

their solar market in 2009 and the rest o world is looking or eective models to stimulate their solar

markets while contributing to the economical growth, and generate more employment in a carbon-ree

energy paradigm.

This report showcases the paths - in some cases accelerated - that the EU, US and other solar-

riendly countries have chosen to reach their goals o growing the solar market, combating climate

change, and creating jobs and economic opportunities through 2020. Besides the industry vision or

accelerated EU solar growth, a number o country-specic baseline scenarios are included in an annexto this report.

Letter rom the Solar Industry to the United Nations

In light o all these positive benets rom solar energy, solar trade groups rom around the world have

called on the Secretary General o the United Nations (UN) and the Executive Secretary o the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to recognize the contribution that sola

energy can make to the pillars o climate negotiations identied within the Bali Action Plan. These our

pillars include mitigation, adaptation, technology transer, and nance. The letter and all signatories can

be ound in the ollowing pages o this report.




His Excellency Ban Ki-MoonSecretary-General o the United Nations The United Nations1 United Nations PlazaNew York, New York 10017-3515 USA

December 1st, 2009

Re: The Solar Energy Industry Message to the 15th United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeConerence o the Parties

Dear Mr. Secretary-General:Dear Mr. Executive Secretary:

Solar energy is a key solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions now. Leading experts estimate that a signicanportion o greenhouse gas emissions could be eliminated through an accelerated deployment o solar energy. Byexpanding solar, nations can protect the climate as well as grow their economies and create jobs. For this reasonrepresentatives rom the solar energy sector around the world have come together in one united voice to presentthis message to country leaders and delegations as they strive to reach a climate agreement in Copenhagen. Whilecountries are challenged to make a larger commitment to combat climate change, solar energy oers a concreteway orward through the ollowing basic pillars o climate negotiations:

Mitigation:1. Solar energy is the single cleanest orm o energy generation and the technology is ready

now. Solar technology’s uel source is unlimited and can provide energy at any scale, rom the kilowatt tomegawatt.

Adaptation:2. Solar energy provides the opportunity or heating, cooling, and electricity to be generatedanywhere there is sunshine, rom large utility-scale power plants to distributed generation on rootops andelds. Many types o solar electricity generation do not use water during the generation phase, and drycooling technologies are applied in solar thermal power generation, as opposed to ossil uels. This is apositive in light o anticipated water shortages due to climate change.

Technology Transer:3. Solar provides the opportunity or developing countries to leaprog traditional energydependence on ossil uels to producing energy with clean solar energy. Distributed solar energy is appropriateor developing rural regions as the traditional inrastructure associated with ossil uels is unnecessary.Moreover, solar power is the best suitable option or centralized generation wherever appropriate and

necessary. This also addresses the UN Millennium Challenge Goals o developing a global partnership ordevelopment and ensuring environmental sustainability.

Continued

His Excellency Yvo de BoerUNFCCC Executive SecretaryHaus CarstanjenMartin-Luther-King-Strasse 853175 Bonn GERMANY




Finance:4. Solar technology is becoming more aordable in every nation. Not only does deploying solar energybring clean energy, but it also creates jobs. Solar can quickly transorm the quality o lie and economicconditions in developing countries by providing electricity, and thus access to light, communications,computers, and machines, which allow modern education, agriculture, health care, commerce, and industry.Given the scalable solutions and the solar resources around the world, these technologies can be deployedaster, with local labor, at comparable cost to traditional uel sources.

With the right policies and support rom governments, and given the rich solar resources around the world, solarenergy presents a unique opportunity or all countries. As a global climate deal moves orward, we call on theSecretary General, the UNFCCC, and country delegations to recognize the contribution that solar energy canmake as part o the climate negotiations.

We thank you or your work and look orward to a successul meeting in Copenhagen.

Sincerely,

Rhone Resch

President & CEOSolar Energy Industries Association (SEIA)USA

Adel El GammalSecretary GeneralEuropean Photovoltaic Industries Association (EPIA)EU

Xavier Noyon

Secretary GeneralEuropean Solar Thermal IndustryFederation (ESTIF)EU

Mariàngels Pérez Latorre

Secretary-GeneralEuropean Solar Thermal Electricity Association (ESTELA)

EU

Dr. Muriel Watt

Chair Australian PV Association Australia

Elizabeth A. McDonald

PresidentCanadian Solar Industries Association/ L’Association des Industries Solaires duCanadaCanada

Li Juneng

Secretary General

Chinese Renewable Energy Industry Association (CREIA)P.R. China

Yue Mi

Executive Vice ChairmanShanghai New Energy Industry Association(SNEIA)P.R. China

Christian Cardonnel

ChairmanEnerplan (French Proessional Associationor Solar Energy)France

Carsten Körnig,

Managing DirectorBundesverband Solarwirtschat e.V.(German Solar Industry Association)Germany

Ajay Prakash Shrivastava

PresidentSolar Energy Society o India (SESI)India

Gianni Chianetta

President Assosolare (Italian National PhotovoltaicIndustry Association )

Italy

Gert Gremes

PresidentGruppo Imprese Fotovoltaiche Italiane(GIFI)Italy

Yoshikatsu Okabayashi

Secretary GeneralJapan Photovoltaic Energy Association(JPEA )Japan

Brian Cox

Executive Director

Solar Industries Association o NewZealandNew Zealand

Brendan Winitana

ChairmanSustainable Electricity Association NewZealandNew Zealand

Dr. Stanislaw M. Pietruszko

PresidentPolish Society or PhotovoltaicsPoland

Peet du PlooyChairEnvironmental Goods and Services Forum(EGSF)South Arica

Cynthia Badenhorst

SESSA SecretariatSustainable Energy Society Southern Arica (SESSA)South Arica

Dr. Luis Crespo

Secretary GeneralProtermosolar (Association o the SpanishSolar Thermal Electricity Industry)

Spain

Mr. Javier Anta

PresidentSpanish Photovoltaic Industry Association(ASIF)Spain

Andrew Machirant

Deputy ChairmanSvensk Solenergi - Swedish Solar Energy AssociationSweden

David Stickelberger

Executive Director

SwissolarSwitzerland

Richard Kanyike

Managing DirectorSolar Energy Uganda, Uganda RenewableEnergy Agency (UNREA)Uganda

Cc: Ms. Liana Bratasida, Chair o the Subsidiary Body or Implementation (SBI)Ms. Helen Plume, Chair o the Subsidiary Body or Scientic and Technological Advice (SBSTA)




A U S T R A L I A /

N Z

Australia

Solar Category Accelerated Target

Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:4% o electricity needs rom PV by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:10 MT/an (metric tons CO2‐equivalent)

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:15,000 (FTE)

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

1.2% o all energy OR 5.5% o all heat rom solar thermal by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:8.6 MT (metric tons CO2‐equivalent)

Jobs Potential rom

solar thermal target:13,000 (FTE)

Economic Beneft: AU$43,000 Million (Cash investment betweennow and 2020 in order to meet goal)

Current Installed Capacity:

PV: 150 megawatts

Thermal: 2.5 million*

Cumulative Capacity needed by 2020 to meet target:

PV: 6,000megawatts

Thermal: 23 million*

Growth o Solar Market in Australia:

Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: PV: Australian electricity demand

297,000 GWh by 2020 (ABARE); 0.9 T CO2 perMWh by 2020; 5 MWh/MWp/day; 200MWp per yearon residential rootops; 20,000 X 5 kWp schools,community buildings; 500 X 200 kWp electric carcharging stations; 50 X 50 MWp regional power plants;500 X 1 MWp warehouse roos; 2 X 250MWp PVFlagships. Av 600 MW installed per year @ 25 jobs/MW.

Av cost $5000/kW.

Thermal: 1 sq m/ person = 23 million sqm @ 600kWh/ sqm =50PJ pa. 50% solar water heaters and 50% largeindustrial scale systems. Jobs = 8 X current levels. Avcost $700 per sq m.

KEY POLICIES:

• Renewable energy target,

eed-in tari

• 18.6 MT/year CO2

emissions avoided rom

solar targets

• 28,000 new jobs created

*(Square meters o collector aperture area.)

1. One FTE equals roughly 1960 hours o labor (less in some countries).

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

• Renewable Energy Target

• Carbon Pollution ReductionScheme

• Solar Water Heater Rebates

• Mandatory installation o solarwater heaters in new buildings

• Solar Flagships

• Solar Schools program

• Diesel replacement programs oro‐grid and mini‐grid applications

• Feed‐in Taris

• Accelerated depreciation orbusiness use

• Building rating schemes

• Zero net energy home targets

• Solar Research and Developmentsupport

• Training, Accreditation andStandards.




Graph o Solar Potential:

Links to Helpul Documents:www.apva.org.au/drupal-6.3/

Bushlight PV System in New

Bore, NT.

Photo courtesy Australia PV

Association

Solar PV panels on the roo

o the Crown Plaza Alice

Springs. Photo courtesy

Sunpower.

Workers installing panels on a

school. Photo courtesy Ergon

Energy

Typical Australian solar water

heaters.

Photo Courtesy o Australian

PV Association.




N OR

T H A M

E

R I C A

Canada


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:10% o all new energy requirements by 2025

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

10% o all new energy requirements by 2025


PV: 33 megawatts (2008)

Thermal: 185,000*

Growth o Solar Market in Canada:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:

• 10% of all new energy

rom PV by 2025

KEY POLICIES:

• Climate change program,

renewable energy

program

• Provincial feed-in tariff

programs welcome


Links to Helpul Documents:Photovoltaic Resource Mapor Canada (NRCan/CanMET)- http://www.cansia.ca/ Content/Documents/Document.ashx?DocId=45728

National Survey Report o PV Power Applications inCanada 2008 (NRCan, IEAPVPS) http://www.cansia.ca/

Content/Documents/Document.ashx?DocId=78675

Survey o Active Solar ThermalCollectors, Industry and Marketsin Canada 2007 (NRCan,SAIC) http://www.cansia.ca/ Content/Documents/Document.ashx?DocId=41710http://www.cansia.ca/


Policies to Achieve Solar Target(s):

• National Climate Change Policy

• National Renewable Energy Program (includingSolar Thermal and Solar Photovoltaics)

• Strong transmission policy

• Solar Investment tax credit

• Manuacturing tax credit

• Loan guarantee program

• Building Industry Capacity (i.e. Green Worker Training Programs)

• Provincial Feed in Taris Programs or PV




A S I A

China


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:

During the summit held in New York, in the USA inSeptember 2009, President Hu Jintao promised thatthe proportion o non‐ossil energy will be 15% o total energy consumption in China by 2020, but hedid not disclose the proportion o Solar PV electricity.

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:unclear

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:

1.6 million (Calculated by annual total productionvalue o 1.6 trillion Yuan and per capita productionvalue o 1 million Yuan)

Economic Beneft: difcult to estimate and there are various opinions


PV: In 2008, the output o solar cells in China was

1088MWp and the installation capacity was 20MWp; the

total cumulative installation capacity was 200MWp by the

end o the year


PV: some experts orecast that the installation capacity

will be more than 20000 MWp by 2020

Growth o Solar Market in China:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: the Solar PV is a promising industrywith great potential in many areas such as the economy,society, etc.

KEY POINTS:

• 1.6 million new jobs

created

KEY POLICIES:

• Renewable energy law

and eed-in tari

• BIPV applications widely

supported

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Renewable Energy Law• Guidelines on National Mid-

term and Long-term Programor Science and TechnologyDevelopment. (2006-2020) (No.44 [2005] o the State Council)

• Medium and Long TermProgram o Renewable EnergyDevelopment (No. 2174[2007] o Energy Division o Reorm andDevelopment Committee)

• Interim Measures on Special FundManagement or Development o Renewable Energy (No 237 [2006]o Ministry o Finance and Ministry

o Construction)

Further detail on policies:• Government policy has been

to provide assistance to solarindustry participants to grow theirbusiness, provide quality productsand speciy and install to bestpractices.

• Monitoring o actual perormanceand reporting publicly on results

• Auditing to ensure industry bestpractice is being achieved.

• Demonstration projectsencourage others.

• Accreditation o solar specialiststo emphasis their experience andtraining compared to generalplumbers.




A researcher o the Shanghai Institute o Electric Power installs China’s rst

amily rootop solar power system. Photo courtesy o SNEIA.

Workers install electricity generation equipment based on new

embedded rootop BIPV technology. Photo courtesy o SNEIA.

China’s rst thin-lm cells also served as a sound barrier in an

elevated rail bridge. Photo courtesy o SNEIA.

This photo shows the eco-riendly Suntech building—China’s single

largest building with integrated PV installation. Photo courtesy o

SNEIA.

Links to Helpul Documents:Regulations on Accelerating Building Integrated Solar PV Applications and the Views o

Implementation, MOF & MOHURD [2009] No. 128

http://www.mo.gov.cn/mo/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengwengao/2009niancaizhengbuwengao/caizhengwengao200904/200906/t20090630_173343.html

The MOF Notice Regarding Issuance o Interim Measures on Financial Subsidies or Building

Integrated Solar PV Applications ,MOF Construction [2009] No. 129

http://jjs.mo.gov.cn/jinjijianshesi/zhengwuxinxi/zhengceagui/200903/t20090326_126489.html

Notice o Implementing Golden Sun Demonstration Project, MOF, Science and Technology Ministry

and NEB [2009] No. 397

http://sx.mo.gov.cn/bennyzhu_shanxig/lanmudaohang/zhengceagui/200907/t20090731_189197.html

www.sneia.org



D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 9 • C o p y r i g h t © A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d1 0

A S I A

P.R. China


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:0.7% o electricity needs rom PV by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:48 million (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:400,000 direct and indirect jobs (FTE)

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

2.8% o energy needs rom solar thermal by 2020

CO2 Reduction


Jobs Potential rom

solar thermal target:10 million direct and indirect jobs (FTE)

Concentrating Solar

Power (CSP) Target0.1% o electricity needs rom CSP by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:6.4 million (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential rom

CSP target:40,000 direct and indirect jobs (FTE)

Economic Beneft: $60 billion (Cash investment between nowand 2020 in order to meet goal)


PV: 200 megawatts


CSP: 1 megawatts

Cumulative capacity needed by 2020 to meet target:

PV: 30,000 megawatts


CSP: 3,000 megawatts

Growth o Solar Market in P.R. China:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: By 2020, total energy demand inChina will be 4 billion Tce, the installed power capacitywill reach 1680GW, and the total electricity output will be6500 billion kWh.

KEY POINTS:

• 450,000 new solar jobs

created

• 283,000 million metric

tons CO2-equivalent

emissions avoided

KEY POLICIES:

• Renewable Energy

Law, Golden Sun

Demonstration Program,

government subsidies





S E I Z I N G T H E S O L A R S O L U T I O N : Combating Climate Change through Accelerated Deployment 1 1

Links to Helpul Documents:www.creia.net

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Renewable Energy Law o China• Golden Sun Demonstration Program• Executive Management Rules or

Government Subsidies o PV BuildingProjects

Further detail on policies:

Renewable Energy Law o China The China Renewable Energy Lawwas approved by the National People’sCongress (NPC) Standing Committeeon February 28th, 2005. The policywent into eect on January 1st, 2006ollowed by a series o regulationsand implementation procedures. Thelaw requires all utilities to purchaseelectricity generated rom renewablesources at a standard-oer xed price.I the market price o renewable energyis greater than conventional generation,the dierence will be shared among allelectricity customers o that utility.

The standard-oer price or wind andbiomass electricity has already beenestablished, but the price o solarpower generation hasn’t been set. Thecurrent incentive structure or solar PVbases the subsidy on the size o theinitial investment, with a cap on overallcapacity. However, in the long-termthe program will likely move towards

a model in which the subsidy is basedon the cost o generation, guarantees areasonable return on project investmentand declines over time. This policy willbe particularly benecial or stand-alonePV systems in remote areas.

At present, the renewable energy policyhas not received enough unding tosupport even the currently-proposedwind and biomass projects. The centralgovernment should arrange moreunding to support large-scale solar

deployment in the near uture.

Solar thermal projects in China do nottraditionally receive any direct incentivesrom the government. Increaseddemand or hot water systems and theavorable economics and reliability o solar thermal systems have led to thewidespread commercial deploymentin China. Increasingly, however, boththe central and local governments arerequiring solar thermal systems in cities,

and implementing incentives or ruralusers, schools and hospitals.

Basic R&D and technologycommercialization programs areboth important to expanding solardeployment and reducing productioncosts, and should include all solartechnologies such as emerging PV

technologies, solar thermal (includingsolar space heating and cooling), andconcentrating solar technologies.

PV Building Project by MOF and MOCOn March 23 o 2009, the ExecutiveManagement Rules or GovernmentSubsidies o PV Building Projects wereissued by Ministry o Finance (MOF)and Ministry o Construction (MOC)(MOF[2009] No.129). The documentestablishes that building integrated

PV (BIPV) projects are preerred andencouraged, and establishes a subsidyo 20Yuan/Wp. For building attachedPV (BAPV), the subsidy is 15Yuan/ Wp. This project is aimed to developdomestic PV market or buildings.

Nearly 600 applications were receivedrom 30 provinces or a total capacity o 600 MW.In October 2009, ater evaluation byMOF and MOC, 111 projects wereapproved. The total approved capacity

is 91 MW, or a total cost to thegovernment o 1.27 billion Yuan.

Golden Sun Demonstration Program byMOF, MOST and NEAOn July 21 o 2009, the Ministry o Finance (MOF), Ministry o Scienceand Technology (MOST) and NationalEnergy Administration (NEA),

jointly announced the “Golden SunDemonstration Program” (MOF [2009]No.397). The project calls or at least

600MW o PV to be installed within3 years and at least 20MW in eachprovince. Grid-connected solar systemswill receive a 50% subsidy rom thecentral government; o-grid projectswill receive 70%. Local governmentsare also encouraged to provideadditional support. The programincludes o-grid PV, BIPV and large-scale PV. Key components such aspanels, inverters, and batteries mustbe certied by authorized institutions,and the systems must meet the

requirements issued by the NationalGrid Company.

MOF announced the approved projectlist or the Golden Sun Program inNovember 2009. 314 projects wereapproved, with over 630 MW o installed capacity. O these projects,261 are building-integrated with over290 MW o capacity. O-grid PV makesup 18 projects and just over 46 MW.

The 35 approved large-scale projectswill represent over 295 MW o installed

capacity.





This is a typical village power

supply in Tibet, with an output

o 50kWp. There are more than

1000 installed PV power stations

or villages in China, similar to this

one. Photo courtesy o CREIA.

This is 1.28MWp BIPV system at

Yiwu, Zhejiang Province. There

are more than 120 BIPV systems

installed in China. Photo courtesy

o CREIA.

This is 500kWp LS-PV at Wuwei,

Gansu Province. There are eight

10MWp LS-PV plants that will be

completed by the end o 2009.

Photo courtesy o CREIA.

This picture shows the

Dianximingzhu Hotel, in Yunnan

province in China. The solar water

heating system supplies hot

water and space heating. Photo

courtesy o CREIA.

Here the Kailasi Hotel in Tibet,

China uses a solar water heating

system to supply hot water. Photo

courtesy o CREIA.




E U R OP E

European Union Countries,EU-27, represented by EPIA*


Solar Photovoltaic


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:220 millions (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Economic Beneft:

Cumulative EU benefts range up to291 Billion EUR (Net present value o PVinvestments between now and 2020 inorder to meet goal.)

Current Installed Capacity:PV: 9583 megawatts



Growth o PV Market in the EU:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:

• 12% of electricity needs

rom PV by 2020

• Economic benet

o 291 billion EUR

KEY POLICIES:

• building integration

mandates, net metering

and eed-in taris

Assumptions: Total PV electricity produced andconsumed in 2020 based on SETor2020, the EPIAreport or EU27. CO2 avoidance based on: the shareo PV in the electricity consumption by 2020 in the

region, the average CO2 emissions by kWh in this regiongiven a projected energy mix in 2020, the average CO2 emissions embedded in PV systems. We assume thatPV installations will provide electricity that would havebeen produced by non-renewable energy sources. Wewill assume that the growth o RES share will not modiythe average CO2 content o the non-renewable sources.For PV systems, IEA-PVPS Task 12 gives emissionsranging rom 6g to 12g (depending on the technology)by 2025. We will consider a value o 15g / kWh. Pleasesee www.setor2020.eu or in depth details on theassumptions.

* European Photovoltaic Industry Association




Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• R&D and Demonstration and

Deployment

• Building integration policies

• Net metering

• Policies to ensure high qualitystandards

• Policies or grid integration

• Education and Training Programs

• Implementation o EU Directive onRenewable Energy Sources

• Implementation o Third EU EnergyPackage

• Sustainable eed-in taris

Further detail on policies:In order to achieve the target o 12%o electricity needs coming rom PV by2020, policies at the EU level as wellas the individual Member state level areneeded.

At the EU level, adequate undingmechanisms or R&D but also ordemonstration and deployment o PVmust be developed, with a ocus onaccelerated cost reduction. There mustalso be integrated approaches to makethe necessary changes in the powerdistribution system. In this regard,

continuous support is needed rom theEuropean Commission and MemberStates, in particular or the concreteimplementation o the Solar EuropeIndustrial Initiative, announced as parto the EU Strategic Energy TechnologyPlan.

Also at the EU level, legislation relatedto the integration o on-site renewableenergy sources, such as PV, in newand reurbished buildings must beimproved. Action must be takento acilitate PV integration into thebuilding environment, as the housingsector is eatured among the majorGHG contributors in Europe. PV can

play a key role in reducing the carbonootprint o buildings, helping to turnconventional buildings into net zeroenergy buildings or even energypositive buildings. Such integration,in combination with energy eciencymeasures, should be stronglypromoted; policies can be shapedin the ramework o the EU EnergyPerormance o Buildings Directive.Demonstration projects such as “smartcities” that integrate solar PV energy inthe urban environment across Europe

should be strongly promoted as well.

Other measures at the EU levelinclude promotion o time-o-useelectricity billing and net metering toacilitate the penetration o renewableenergy sources, along with ways toincentivize sel-consumption and useo electrical storage. With this, policiesare also needed that will acilitate PVintegration into the grid, in particularvia smart grids and the developmento grid codes that take into account

the specicity o PV generation.Demonstration projects such as virtualpower plants that demonstrate theeasibility o managing distributedrenewable energy sources could helpwith grid integration.

Policies that support and promotehigh quality European standardsare also necessary. Education andtraining programs to deploy a skilledPV workorce are needed, too. Finally,policies that acilitate the investmentin EU-based production capacities areneeded, which will boost the Europeanexport potential o PV technology. Any

promotion o E-mobility powered byrenewables will also help to spur solardeployment.

At the individual Member Statelevel, each Member State mustimplement the new EU Directiveon the promotiono use o energyrom Renewable Resources (RES).Renewable Energy Action plans mustbe developed by June 2010 by eachMember State in order to reach thecountries’ individual binding target

and the overall EU target o 20% RESby 2020. These plans are essential toensure the timely setting o appropriatetargets and measures, thereby osteringa strong deployment o PV at thenational level over the next decade.Furthermore, Member States musttake measures to implement the ThirdEnergy Package by March 2011 toenhance competition within the internalelectricity market and improve itsunctioning. This should acilitate airaccess to the grid or new entrants

on the EU electricity market, such asrenewable energy producers.Finally, sustainable eed-in tarisshould be developed and adoptedby all Member States. Well-designedsupport schemes at the national levelare essential to ensure an eective andcontinuous PV deployment.

Links to Helpul Documents:SET FOR 2020 EPIA has released a study, SET For 2020, demonstrating how PV could become a mainstream powersource in Europe by 2020. The most progressive scenario (Paradigm Shit Scenario) sets the target o up to 12% o EU´selectricity demand to be supplied by PV by 2020. More inormation on www.setor2020.eu.

www.epia.org




EPIA is launching a PV

Observatory to monitor the state

o the national policy rameworks

concerning Photovoltaic

(PV) energy in EU 27. Within

this ramework, an EPIA PVObservatory Policy Report will be

issued on a regular basis, providin

comparative, transparent,

and up-to-date inormation

regarding current applied support

mechanisms, administrative

processes, and grid connection

rames in order to open the PV

market sustainability.

These solar panels track

the sun as it moves

across the sky. Photo

courtesy o Solon SE.

The Munich Airport has

installed solar panels on

many o its roos. Photo

courtesy o BP Solar.

Solar panels on a barn in Southern

Germany. Photo courtesy o Kyocera/

Stromauwärts.

Solar panels are shown here next to a eld

with sheep showing the possibility o using

land or multiple purposes, not just or PV

use. Photo courtesy o SolarPlus.

Solar panels are on

display outside o the

Vatican. Photo courtesy o

SolarWorld.




E U R OP E

European Union Countries,EU-27, represented by ESTELA*


Concentrating Solar

Power (CSP) Target

3% o energy needs rom solar thermalelectricity by 2020 (EU)

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:

41million metric tons CO2-equivalent (EU)29 million metric tons CO2 equivalent (MediterraneanSolar Plan)

Jobs Potential rom

CSP target:

352,000 (FTE) (EU)235,000 (FTE) (Mediterranean Solar Plan)

Investment:150 billion EUR (EU)100 billion EUR (Mediterranean Solar Plan)


CSP: 184 megawatts in Spain (November 2009)


CSP: 30,000 megawatts (EU)

20,000 megawatts (Mediterranean Solar plan)

Growth o Solar Market in ESTELA:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:

• 3% of energy needs from

solar thermal electric by

2020

• 70 million metric tons of

CO2 equiv. reduced

KEY POLICIES:

• Strategic Energy

Technology Plan or Solar

Thermal Electric, eed-in

taris

* European Solar Thermal Electricity Association




Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

• 2009/28/EC Directive on thepromotion o the use o energy romrenewable sources http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:140:0016:0062:EN:PDF

• 2009/29/EC Directive amending

Directive 2003/87/EC so as toimprove and extend the greenhousegas emission allowance tradingscheme o the Communityhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:140:0063:0087:EN:PDF

• EU Strategic Energy Technology Plan(SET Plan) - Solar Thermal ElectricityInitiative

• Mediterranean Solar Plan

• Feed-in Taris

Further detail on policies: The EU Strategic Energy Technology(SET) Plan was created to aligntechnology development with themain EU energy policy goals. TheEuropean Commission proposes threemechanisms to achieve an eectiveimplementation o the SET plan:• The European Industrial Initiatives,

which will oster strategictechnological alliances.

• The European Energy Research Alliance, which will strengthenEuropean energy research capacities.

• The Trans-European EnergyNetworks and Systems o the Future.

• The European Commission has


clearly dened the basic principleso the SET plan to be developed bythe European Industrial Initiatives.

These basic principles are intendedto achieve the ollowing:

• To boost the research and innovation,• To accelerate the deployment o

technology,• To deliver progress beyond business-

as-usual,• To dene and reach clear targets,• To contribute to the political goals.

Among the six European IndustrialInitiatives currently proposed, one isocused on solar energy. This SolarEuropean Industrial Initiative embracesboth the Concentrated Solar Power(CSP) and the Photovoltaic energy (PV)sector. The European Commissionexpects the European IndustrialInitiatives to be built upon the European

Technology Platorms (ETPs), at leastin the preparatory phase. These ETPshave already been established or somerenewable sectors, such as wind and PV,but not or solar thermal electric, as it isan emerging industrial sector. Thus, onecrucial policy needed is a solar thermalelectric European Technology Platorm,to be incorporated into the IndustrialInitiatives, and hence the SET Plan.

Mediterranean Solar Plan:

On July 13, 2008 the Heads o States

or the EU and Mediterranean countriesagreed to strengthen the Union orthe Mediterranean, a process whichbegan in Barcelona in 1995, and totransorm this union into an area o

peace, democracy, cooperation, andprosperity. The permanent Secretariatestablished in Barcelona will beresponsible or carrying out proposedeasibility studies and elaborating on sixregional projects. One o these regionalprojects includes the MediterraneanSolar Plan.

Solar energy is the main energyresource in the Mediterranean region,with one o the biggest potentialsin the world. ESTELA’s proposal orthe Mediterranean Solar Plan couldcontribute to improving the securityo this energy supply, as well as tomeet the increasing domestic demandthrough renewable energy sources andto boost economic development in theUnion or the Mediterranean countries.

A Mediterranean Solar Plan basedmainly on solar thermal electric

technologies could generate newincome resources and reinorce thegrid inrastructure in these countries,as well as create a new regionalindustrial sector o solar componentsmanuacturing.

The Mediterranean Solar Plan with solarthermal electric technologies couldalso contribute to the 2020renewableenergy targets or EU countries.

According to Article 9 (Joint projectsbetween Member States and third-

party countries) o the new RESDirective that will enter into orcein 2010, EU Member States will beallowed to import energy rom third-party countries.

However, the main benet rom theMediterranean Solar Plan with solarthermal electric technologies will be thecreation o a regional market or solarthermal electric, which will allow or aquicker reduction in costs, improveddeployment, and reduced waterconsumption, thus leading to a ullycompetitive kWh cost or solar thermalelectric plants built in 2021 and beyond

Thereore, ESTELA proposes thecreation o a managing body, calledE-SECURE, that could set up long-termagreements with countries. Actingmainly as a trader, E-SECURE wouldbuy the electricity rom the companiesowning the plants and sell it back tolocal and European markets.



Links to Helpul Documents: The Solar Thermal Electricity Industry’s Proposal or the MediterraneanSolar Plan

The Solar Thermal Electricity Industry Initiative Contributing to theEuropean Commission “Strategic Energy Technology Plan” (SET Plan)

CSP Global Outlook 09 (Greenpeace International, SolarPACES andESTELA)

All these documents are downloadable at www.estelasolar.eu

The picture shows a Parabolic Trough

Plant in Puertollano, Spain. This technology

is the preerred technology or new plants.

Photo courtesy o ESTELA.

A central receiver plant harnesses the

power o the sun. This one is called PS 10

and is located in Sevilla, Spain. There are

two o these types o plants in operation

in Spain, one providing 10MW, the other

20MW. Photo courtesy o ESTELA.

This photo demonstrates Linear Fresnel

Technology. Current demonstration

projects range up to 6 MW, with larger

projects under development that provide

up to 150 MW o electricity. Photo courtesy

o ESTELA.

This Dish Stirling System is appropriate

or both utility-scale projects and stand-

alone distributed energy projects. Photo

courtesy o ESTELA.






Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:

69 million metric tons per year (metric tonsCO2-equivalent) until 2020

Jobs Potential romsolar thermal target: 470,000 jobs (FTE)

Economic Beneft:214 billion EUR (Cash investment betweennow and 2020 in order to meet goal)

E U R OP E

European Union Countries,EU-27, represented by ESTIF*


Thermal: 27 million square meters in operation as o 2008,

equivalent to 18.9 GWth*


Thermal: 388 million square meters, equivalent to 271.6 GWth*

Growth o Solar Market in ESTIF:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: For detailed calculations andassumptions, please see the study “Solar ThermalPotential in Europe”: http://www.esti.org/index.php?id=546

KEY POINTS:

• 69 million metric tons

CO2-equiv. reduced

annually


KEY POLICIES:

• solar building ordinances,

fnancial incentive

schemes, awareness

campaigns


Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

• Solar Building Codes• Financial Incentive Schemes to

promote the use o energy romrenewable sources in heating andcooling

• Inormation and awareness-raisingcampaigns

• Standards and quality• Training and certication o

installers• Research support

Further detail on policies:Experience shows that supportpolicies play a major role in kicking

o the national solar thermal marketgrowth, especially i they have longterm goals, are well planned andimplemented. A coherent strategy or strong and

sustained growth must take intoaccount the local situation. It shouldbe based on clear targets and includea comprehensive set o measures,such as: solar building codes, nancialincentive schemes, inormation and

awareness-raising campaigns, policiesor standards and quality assurance,training and certication o installers,

and research support. Eectivesupport strategies must address notonly one but several impediments togrowth. This is why the best supportstrategies consist o a coherent mix o fanking measures, taking into accountthe local situation.

One o the most important policiesor successul deployment o solarthermal technologies are solar buildingcodes, oten called solar ordinances.

* European Solar Thermal Industry Federation




Solar ordinances are regulations requiringthat solar energy provides a minimumshare o the heating demand. Theseordinances usually apply to either newbuildings or those undergoing majorreurbishment, or sometimes to a buildingi the heating system is being replaced. A decade ago, the idea o making

the use o solar or renewable energycompulsory sounded radical and

politically unrealistic in most regions o the world. However, as 49% o Europe’senergy demand is consumed in buildings,solar obligations have now been adoptedor are being discussed in a number o countries, regions, and local authoritiesin Europe and beyond. The EuropeanDirective on the Energy Perormance o Buildings (EPBD), which came into orcein January 2003, requires Member Statesto set minimum energy perormancerequirements or buildings, taking alsointo account the positive contribution o

solar thermal and other renewable energysources. However, member states shouldurther promote the use o renewablein existing buildings undergoing majorreurbishment since they represent themajor share o the building stock.

Solar obligations are probably thesingle most powerul tool or promotingthe use o renewables in new buildings,and practical experience showstheir numerous benets.

Financial incentive schemes arealso important policies. Direct grantshave played an important role in the

development o Europe’s leading solarthermal markets such as Germany, Austria, France, and Greece.FinancialIncentive Schemes can come in variousorms:

• Direct grants• Tax reductions• Loans at reduced rates• Green heat or energy eciency

certicates The success o a nancial incentive

scheme depends mainly on the continuityas well as the design and implementation,

including the fanking measures. Onlya long term approach gives the rightincentive to decisive market actors(installers, designers, architects,construction sector, solar thermalindustry) to invest, thus creating the rightconditions or a sel sustained growth.

Inormation and awareness-raisingcampaigns are the third component tosuccessul solar thermal deployment, asknowledge is the key to solar thermalacceptance. In regions where solarthermal is already widely used, awareness

is very high. In Cyprus or example, asolar thermal system is to a house whata chimney is to a house in the UK – everychild in each country is aware o this.

In Europe, nearly every successulsupport scheme has included publicawareness-raising in its policy mix.

Proessionals in the construction sector,including heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) installers have also

an important role to play in the market:they are the gateway to the nal decisionmakers.

Just as important as inormationand awareness-raising campaigns arestandards and quality. Even ater theintroduction o European standards,certication standards still dieredamong EU countries. In order to breakdown trade barriers and to achieve oneEuropean certication scheme or solarthermal products, the Solar Keymarkwas developed by ESTIF in co-operation

with CEN and with the support o theEuropean Commission. It is recognizedtoday by most national solar thermalsupport schemes in Europe. The Solar Keymark was developed with

the objective o:• Creating a common certication

scheme or collectors and actorymade systems in Europe, based onEN 12975 and 12976

• Increasing customers’ condence insolar products by introducing an extraquality test with EN standards on anongoing basis.

• Accelerating the growth o theEuropean market by breaking downtrade barriers resulting rom theexistence o dierent requirementsto get nancial incentives in dierentcountries

Policies that train and certiy installersare also needed. In many countries,public authorities have supported the

development and implementation o training courses targeted at proessionals. Training helps sustain a high level o quality and plays a vital role in motivatinginstallers to recommend solar thermalsystems.

One nal policy needed is supportor research. Solar thermal energy hasthe potential to cover 50% o the totallow temperature heat demand. To

reach this goal, existing technologiesmust improve and new technologiesshould be developed or new sectorssuch as apartment buildings and theindustrial sector. Research is neededor new applications like solar combi-systems using compact seasonalstorage, higher temperature collectorsor industrial applications (up to 250°C), and solar cooling. The requiredresearch inrastructure is an integratedcollaboration o research institutes andindustry.

Overall, public support policies can bea decisive actor or growth, particularlyi they have long term goals and arewell planned and implemented. Stableand positive ramework conditions mustbe created over several years to pavethe way or investments in productioncapacities, training, marketing anddistribution, and to mobilize resources orresearch and development.

In this regard, the European Directive onthe promotion o the use o RenewableEnergy Sources (2009/28/EC) closesthe legislative gap which had existed in

this sector. For the rst time, heating andcooling - responsible or nearly hal o Europe’s energy demand - will be coveredby a European Directive promotingrenewable energies. Thus the RESDirective creates a positive climate or thelong-term development o solar thermaltechnologies in Europe.


Source: http://www.esti.org/index.php?id=546 page 102



Benefts o a

Solar Thermal Ordinance

A solar thermal ordinance...

Building the uture today

- prepares the building stock to

meet the post-oil and -gas era

challenge. Buildings constructed

today will use energy or decades

to come.

Saving energy......and the

environment - an equivalent o

approximately 12 million tons o o

or 39 million tons o CO2 emission

are saved i 50% o Europe’s hot

water demand is met by solar

energy.

Right rom the beginning

- integrates solar thermal into

buildings at the design stage

or when the heating system is

changed.

Owners build, tenants save

- lowers energy costs or

tenants too. A STO ensures that

renewables are also used whenthe energy bill is paid by the

tenant who cannot decide on the

building’s heating system.

Promoting solar thermal

- a stable market share generates

investments throughout the

whole supply chain, resulting in

economies o scale and greater

use o solar energy.

Stimulating the economy -

planning and installation orm a

major part o the solar thermal

value chain, creating jobs and

boosting the local economy.

Minimal impact on public

fnances - very little administrativ

overhead and public unds

commitment.

Links to Helpul Documents:

Study “Solar Thermal Potential in Europe”: http://www.esti.org/index.php?id=546

Strategic Research Agenda: Solar Heating and Cooling or a SustainableEnergy Future in Europe - a Strategic Research Agenda http://esttp.org/ cms/ront_content.php?idcat=168

EREC Technology Roadmap 2020 http://www.erec.org/leadmin/ erec_docs/Documents/Publications/Renewable_Energy_Technology_Roadmap.pd

www.esti.org

Roo-integrated fat plate collectors are

shown. Photo courtesy o Wagner

& Co/ESTIF.

A thermo syphon water heating system

on a roo provides ample hot water. Photo

courtesy o Solahart / ESTIF

A hospital in Rome uses a solar thermal

system with evacuated tubes. Photo

courtesy o Thermomax/ESTIF.

A worker solders an absorber tube or a

solar thermal system. Photo courtesy o

GREENoneTEC,





A S I A

India


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:1-1.5 GW o solar power by 2012; 20 GW by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:42 million tons o CO2 by 2012


PV: 112 MW, 97.3% o-grid

Growth o Solar Market in India:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: For more inormation on the CO2 reduction equivalent, please see: http://www.pv-tech.org/news/_a/indias_national_solar_plan_under_debate/ For inormation on current installed capacity, please seethe Global Greens Report.

KEY POINTS:

• 20 GW of solar

power by 2020

• Solar energy main focus

or energy transormation

KEY POLICIES:

• Subsidies, soft loans, low

import taris

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Subsidies• Sot loans• Concessional duty on raw material

imports• Excise duty exemption on certain

devices/systems• 80% accelerated depreciation• Low import taris or many raw

materials and components

Further detail on policies: In 2008, India’s Prime Ministerannounced that solar energy wouldbe the main ocus or the energytransormation o the country. TheIndia Renewable Development

Agency and the Ministry o Non-Conventional Energy Source are

devising programs to have solarenergy in more the three millionIndian households in the next ewyears. With the International Energy

Agency’s predictions o 27GW o solar energy produced in 2020,India’s targeted solar production willaccount or roughly three-quarters o the world’s solar production i targetsare met.

India plans to invest around $20billion dollars into solar energy overthe next 30 years1. To achieve thislarge solar energy target o 20 GW,India will likely look to developedcountries or technological andnancial assistance in order tomake the target viable. The Indiangovernment is currently proposingsignicant nancial subsidies to

utilities and individuals who installsolar inrastructure and mandatingthat all government buildings installsolar systems. The governmentalso plans to include a system orpurchasing surplus energy puton the grid rom residential solarsystems.

With the majority o India’s

population lacking access toelectricity, investing in the country’sgrid will require signicant undingrom both the public and privatesector. The Indian governmentsees solar energy as an excellentenergy source to meet the country’srising energy demands and provideelectricity to areas lacking access toa national grid.





A woman stands next to a solar panel. Photo courtesy o Greenpeace.

Two men hold up a solar panel. Photo courtesy o Worldwatch.

Links to Helpul Documents:Solar India Online: www.solarindiaonline.com

1. http://www.businessgreen.com/business-green/news/2253722/india-approves-20bn-solar-plan




A U S T R A L I A / N Z

New Zealand

Solar Category Solar Category

Solar Photovoltaic


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:1922 kt CO2-e per year by 2020

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:1370 (FTE) by 2020

Economic Beneft: NZD 7.7 billion (Cash investment betweennow and 2020 in order to meet goal)


PV: 5.5 MWp (estimate, currently no data collection in place)


PV: 1830 MWp

Growth o Solar Market in New Zealand:

Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: Solar energy displaces remaining coal

and some gas rom the current mix to come to 85%renewables by 2020. The costs or installed PV reduceby 5% each year while the amount o installed capacityadded doubles each year. Used the MED EnergyOutlook 2009 Reerence Scenario or expected energydemand.

KEY POINTS:

• 5% electricity needs from

PV by 2020

• 1922 kt CO2-e emissions

reduced each year by

2020

• 1370 new solar jobs

created

KEY POLICIES:

• Cap and trade legislation,

net metering, eed-in

taris

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

The New Zealand Governmentcurrently has no policies in placeto help enable or incentivize Solarelectric generation. PV Solar is noteatured in the New Zealand EnergyOutlook 2009 Reerence Scenarioby the Ministry o EconomicDevelopment.

The ollowing policies are suggestedto enable deployment o PV and to

achieve the Solar PV Target:• Climate Change Legislation• National Net Billing Standard and

uniorm Connection Policy• Renewable Energy Payments

(Feed-in Tari)• Solar Investment Tax Credit and

Government Loans• Green Worker Training Programs

Further detail on policies: There are several key policies that

should be put in place to helpdeploy solar energy in New Zealand.Cap and trade legislation wouldincentivize low carbon technologiesand maximize deployment o solar. PV Solar provides a directmeasurable and auditable meansor carbon osets, and legislationgoverning carbon trading shouldallow participants to make use o these osets rom PV Solargeneration.




Net billing allows consumers andbusinesses to generate electricity attheir homes or business, e.g. with PVmodules on their roo (also reerredto as “distributed generation”). Thiselectricity can be used to osetelectricity purchased rom the grid.Currently, no government programsmandating net billing contracts

are in place. SEANZ supports theimmediate introduction o a nationaluniorm standard or net billing at ullretail electricity rates and a nationaluniorm standard or a grid connectionprocedure or distributed generation.

In overseas markets, Feed-in Taris orRenewable Energy Payments (REP)have proven to be the single mosteective policy or rapid deploymento PV solar. Net metering should be

ollowed by a REP market scheme assoon as possible to achieve the setPV targets. An eective New ZealandREP market scheme requires our maincomponents in legislation:• Electricity providers are obliged to

buy PV generated electricity at agovernment set rate above marketprices

• Electricity providers are permittedto spread the cost or the REP overtheir total electricity sales

• The REP must be applied to thetotal electricity generated rom therenewable source

• The Scheme must be such so itprovides long term certainty toinvestors

Solar Investment Tax Credits should bemade available to home and business

owners that invest in generationcapacity. Government loans at belowmarket rates will allow a larger portiono the population to make investmentin generation capacity and benet romNet Metering or REP schemes.

To achieve the PV Solar target, GreenWorker training programs will be

required to ensure a competent workorce and sucient number o installers.Funds must be made available orindustry training and accreditation andtraining options must be provided orpersons wanting to make a career inthe PV industry. A portion o the undscurrently set aside or job creationshould be labeled or Green Workertraining programs.

A PV Solar array provides Motuora

Island with electric power. Photo

courtesy o SEANZ.

The Auckland Airport has a grid-

connected PV Solar system. Photo

courtesy o SEANZ.

A grid-connected PV Solar array on the

roo o a rural property is shown here.

Photo courtesy o SEANZ.

Links to Helpul Documents:New Zealand Energy Quarterly: www.med.govt.nz/energy/nzeq/

New Zealand’s Energy Outlook 2009 Reerence Scenario: www.med.govt.nz/energyoutlookhttp://www.seanz.org.nz/




A U S T R A L I A /

N Z

New Zealand


Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

50% o new housing has solar water heating(SWH) by 2020. The target to reduce electricity bydisplacement is 280 GWh pa.

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:175,000metric tons CO2-equivalent

Jobs Potential rom

solar thermal target:2400 FTE


Thermal: 130,000 m2 o collector aperture area


Thermal: 400,000 m2 o collector aperture area

Growth o Solar/Themal Market in New Zealand:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:

• 175,000 metric tons CO2-

equivalent emissions

avoided


created

KEY POLICIES:

• Support for individual

businesses, worker

training, interest ree loan

schemes

Links to Helpul Documents:www.solarindustries.org.nz

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Generic industry promotion• Assistance to individual SWH

business• Industry standards• Supply and installation training• Demonstration and reerence

projects• Interest ree loan schemes linked

to municipality property taxes• System energy perormance

calculation• Listing o Complying SWH

Systems by heat capacity andenergy perormance• Scheme or Accreditation or

Supply and Installation o SWHSystems

Further detail on policies:• Government policy has been

to provide assistance to solarindustry participants to grow theirbusiness, provide quality productsand speciy and install to bestpractices.

• Monitoring o actual perormanceand reporting publicly on results

• Auditing to ensure industry bestpractice is being achieved.

• Demonstration projectsencourage others.

• Accreditation o solar specialiststo emphasis their experience andtraining compared to generalplumbers. A solar thermal system on the

roo provides hot water or this

amily. Photo courtesy o Solar

Industries Association, NZ.




S U N B E L T

C O

U N T R I

E S

Sunbelt Countries*

represented by EPIA


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:8.6% o electricity needs rom PV by 2020

CO2 Reduction


Economic Beneft: Low 397 billion EUR/High 655 billion EUR(Cash investment between now and 2020 in

order to meet goal)


PV: 245 megawatts



Growth o PV Market in Sunbelt Countries:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: Total PV electricity producedand consumed in 2020 based on EPIA, ASIF and

ARE report, commissioned to A.T. Kearney, on thepotential or Sunbelt Countries. CO2 avoidance basedon: the share o PV in the electricity consumption by2020 in the region, the average CO2 emissions bykWh in those regions given a projected energy mix in2020 and the average CO2 emissions embedded inPV systems. The energy mix in the Sunbelt countriesis based on 2006 numbers or the ollowing countries(Representing in 2006 92% o the electricity productionin those countries (5931 TWh /6430 TWh)): China,India, Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Indonesia,Egypt, Venezuela, Argentina, Malaysia, South Arica andMexico.

The average energy mix was computed in those

countries or 2006 and balanced with regard to theelectricity production.

Please contact EPIA or ARE or more inormation.

KEY POINTS:


CO2-equivalent emissions

avoided

• 8.6% of electricity needs

rom PV by 2020

• 8.2 million jobs created

KEY POLICIES:

• integration of PV into

energy plans, investment

support, education and

training programs

* Cambodia, Senegal, Nepal, Tanzania, Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Namibia, Cameroon, Sudan, Republic o Yemen, Kenya, Jamaica, Guatemala, Ghana, Costa Rica

Sri Lanka, Zambia, Lebanon, Mozambique, Ecuador, Jordan, Tunisia, Dominican Republic, Qatar, Nigeria, Morocco, Libya, Bangladesh, Peru, Syrian Arab Republic,

Algeria, Colombia, Kuwait, Philippines, Vietnam, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Venezuela, Malaysia, Egypt, Argentina, Indonesia, Thailand, Iran, Saudi Arabia,

Mexico, South Arica, Brazil, India, China, Chad, Somalia, Mali, Uganda, Madagascar, Aghanistan, Ivory Coast, Myanmar, Democratic Republic o Congo, Cuba, Iraq

Links to Helpul Documents:Please see www.edia.org or more details.

Policies to Achieve Solar Target(s):• Keep inormed and updated on PV dynamics in terms o

cost/perormance development and market potential• Integrate PV in energy plan and mix taking all PV benets

into account• Set-up sustainable support schemes and de-bottleneck

administrative procedures• Plan grid investments and upgrades (smart-grid, storage

capabilities)• Develop partnerships with private sector, utilities, and

research community and business organizations• Develop trainings and education programs to supply the

required skill orce




E U R OP E

Switzerland


Solar Photovoltaic


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:3.8 million (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:20,000 (FTE)*

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target


CO2 Reduction


Jobs Potential rom

solar thermal target:3,000 (FTE)*

Economic Beneft: $37 billion (Cash investment between nowand 2020 in order to meet goal)


PV: 44 megawatts

Thermal: 600,000*


Thermal: 7.7 million*

Growth o Solar Market in Switzerland:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: Total end energy usage: 250 TWhOnly warm water and space heating usage: 101.5 TWh7.7 Mio. m2 collectors à 450 kWh annual yield: 3.5 TWhreplace 346’500’000 l oil

X 2.6: 900’900’000 kg CO2

KEY POINTS:

• 4.8 million metric tons of


avoided


created







A solar hot water system is installed on a multiamily house in Zurich.

Photo courtesy o Cobra.

The açade o this house in St.Moritz displays a PV system. Photo

courtesy o Swissolar.

A multiamily “plus-energy”-house in Bennau has a PV installation

on the roo and thermal collectors on the acade. Photo courtesy o

Swissolar.

Links to Helpul Documents:Swiss Solar Systems: http://www.3-s.ch/ www.swissolar.ch




N OR T H A M

E

R I C A

United States o America



Solar Photovoltaic


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:380 metric tons CO2-equivalent per year by 2020

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:676,000 direct and indirect jobs (FTE)1

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

3% o energy needs rom solar thermal by 2020

CO2 ReductionEquivalent:

114 metric tons CO2-equivalent per year by 2020

Jobs Potential rom

solar thermal target:139,000 direct and indirect jobs (FTE)

Concentrating Solar

Power (CSP) Target2% o load displaced by CSP by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:76 metric tons CO2-equivalent per year by 2020

Jobs Potential rom

CSP target:67,000 direct and indirect jobs (FTE)

Economic Beneft: $1,100 billion gross investment (Cashinvestment between now and 2020 in orderto meet goal)


PV:1,500 megawatts

Thermal: 1 million square meters*

CSP: 424 megawatts



Thermal: 70 million square meters*


Growth o Solar Market in USA:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:



avoided


created

KEY POLICIES:

• Comprehensive global

warming legislation,

RPS, transmission, net

metering, ITC, MTC

Assumptions: Electricity demand is assumed toollow the projection rom the Energy Inormation

Administration’s (EIA) 2009 Annual Energy Outlook (AEO)updated reerence case. Solar thermal technologies(water heating, space heating and space cooling) areassumed to displace electricity demand otherwise usedor those services.

Energy rom solar sources displaces natural gas and coalonly. The raction o coal displaced increases as solarpenetration increases. For every 1% o solar penetrationthe raction o coal displaced increases 5% as shown inthe reerence case in “The solar photovoltaics wedge:pathways or growth and potential carbon mitigation inthe US”.

This scenario depicts rapid scale-up and widegeographic distribution o solar energy capacity. Widedistribution enhances grid stability and reduces (but doesnot eliminate) the need or new transmission capacity.




Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Global Warming Legislation• Federal renewable energy standard/

renewable portolio standard• Strong transmission policy• Strong interconnection policy• Net Metering Standards• Solar Investment tax credit

• Manuacturing tax credit• Loan guarantee program• Federal Treasury Grant Program• Green Worker Training Programs• State Incentive programs

Further detail on policies: As part o a comprehensive energybill, Congress should enact cap andtrade legislation, a ederal renewableenergy standard, strong transmissionand interconnection policy, net meteringstandards, and green worker trainingprograms. These policies and programsare crucial in achieving the above listedsolar targets and CO2 reductions or allsolar technologies.

Cap and trade legislation should reducecarbon emissions while maximizingdeployment o solar through allsectors o the economy. Each aspecto such legislation (auction revenues,allowance set‐asides, new entrantsor output‐based standards) should

contain solar‐specic provisions torecognize solar energy’s public benetsand acilitate massive and immediatedeployment o solar generating assets.

A ederal renewable energy standardwould require retail electricity providersto supply a minimum percentage o their electricity rom renewable sources,such as solar, wind, and geothermal.

The ederal standard would deer tomore aggressive state mandates. Allsolar thermal technologies (e.g., hotwater, space heating and cooling)

would qualiy.

Access to high-voltage transmissionlines is key or the development o concentrating solar power (CSP)projects, as transmission lines arewhat move the power rom wherethe electricity is generated to where itis consumed. However, much o theexisting transmission inrastructurein the Southwest United States is ullto capacity. Congress should passcomprehensive legislation on this

issue and promote Federal EnergyRegulatory Commission (FERC) policiesthat result in rapid construction o new transmission lines necessary todeliver renewable energy to customers,incorporating superconducting andsmart‐grid technology.

Net metering programs allowconsumers to generate electricityat their homes and businesses, orexample rom solar panels on their roo.

This electricity can be used to oset

electricity purchased rom the grid.Nearly orty states plus the District o Columbia have net metering programsin place, though the size and scope

o these programs vary widely. SEIAsupports a single national standardor net metering at ull retail rates, aswell as uniorm ederal standards orinterconnection.

Green worker training programsare also needed to expand the USdomestic solar energy industry. In the

2007 energy bill, Congress authorized$125 million or “green workorcetraining.” Congress should pass anappropriation or the ull authorizationamount.

In addition, continued supportor the investment tax credit andmanuacturing tax credit, along with theloan guarantee program and treasurygrant program, are required to achievethe solar targets set or the UnitedStates. The continuation o strong state

incentives and solar programs are alsonecessary to achieve this accelerateddeployment o solar energy.

These policy items can all be oundin the Solar Bill o Rights, www.solarbillorights.org





On October 8, 2009, SEIA

released the results o a poll that

showed that a vast majority o

Americans, across all political

parties, overwhelmingly support

development and unding o solarenergy, and their support or solar

has remained consistent over

the last year. These and other

ndings were reported in the

2009 SCHOTT Solar Barometer,

a nationally representative survey

conducted by independent

polling rm Kelton Research. The

survey ound that 92 percent o

Americans think it is important

or the U.S. to develop and use

solar energy. Furthermore, close

to eight in 10 (77%) Americans

eel that the development o solar

power, and other renewable

energy sources, should be a majo

priority o the ederal government,

including the nancial support

needed. The poll also showed tha

i they had to choose one energy

source to nancially support i

they were President, 43 percent o

Americans would opt or solar ove

other sources such as wind (17%)

natural gas (12%) and nuclear

(10%)

Links to Helpul Documents:www.seia.org/cs/2008_year_in_review_requester_inormationhttp://www.seia.org/galleries/pd/2008_Year_in_Review-small.pd www.seia.orgwww.solarbillorights.org

Solar PV panels collect the sunlight and

produce electricity on a home in the U.S.

Photo courtesy o Velux.

Workers install PV panels on a rootop.

Photo courtesy o DOE/NREL.

This photo eatures a eld o panels in the

desert. Photo courtesy o SEIA.

A worker mounts a solar water heating

system to a roo. This photo showcases

evacuated tube technology. Photo

courtesy o SEIA.




E U R OP E

France

Solar Category Baseline Target

Solar Photovoltaic


Jobs Potential

rom PV target:60,000 (FTE)

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

rom 0.3 to 0.6% o energy needsrom solar thermal by 2020

Jobs Potential romsolar thermal target:

38,000 (FTE)


PV: 400 megawatts (expected total end o 2009)

Thermal: 1,880,000* (total end o 2008)


PV: 5,400 megawatts

Thermal: 14,000,000* (or 927 ktoe, target by Grenelle de l’environnement)

Growth o Solar Market in France:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:


rom PV by 2020

• Potential 21,200,000 m²

o solar thermal collector

aperture area by 2020

KEY POLICIES:

• national environmental

laws, eed-in tari





In 2008, Enerplan published a

study on the PV market which

ound that the potential cumulated

capacity or PV on building roos

could be 13.4 GWc by 2020.

The potential or solar thermal, with

the same assumptions on building

roos as PV, could result in a total

o approximately 21,200,000 m²

solar thermal collector aperture

area by 2020.

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Policies to Achieve Solar Target(s):• Laws rom “Grenelle de

l’environnement”• FIT or PV production• Tax credit or individuals• “Fonds chaleur”: this is a subsidy

scheme or collective heating

installations based on renewableenergy



Links to Helpul Documents:www.enerplan.asso.r

Report o “Grenelle de l’environnement”:http://www.legrenelle-environnement.gouv.r/grenelle-environnement/ IMG/pd/rapport_nal_comop_10.pd

BIPV installation is shown.

Photo courtesy o Enerplan.

A large solar thermal installation is shown

on the roo in France. Photo courtsy o

Enerplan.




E U R O

P E

Germany


Solar Photovoltaic


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:30 Million (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:100,000 (FTE*)

Solar Thermal

(heating and

cooling) Target

4.5% (in buildings) o energy needs rom solarthermal by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:16 Million (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential rom

solar thermal target:50,000 (FTE*)


PV: 8,000 megawatts





Growth o Solar Market in Germany:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: Electricity Sector: Reduction o overall electricity needo 0.35% per year, oil price $200 per barrel, and price

increase or natural gas, coal and uranium

Heat: Reduction o 17% in the overall heat demand,price decrease or solar thermal systems o 66%compared to the year 1990.

KEY POINTS:


CO2 avoided rom solar

target


KEY POLICIES:

• feed-in tariff, renewable

energy standard, solar

building obligations






Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• RES Priority Principle, priority and

ree access to grids (or electricity &heating)

• Smart grid policies• Investment security or solar

investments (PV: FIT legislation, ST:Market Incentive Program)

• Solar building obligations• High energy standards or new and

reurbished buildings• Maintenance o special nancial

incentives or solar thermaltechnologies.

• Incentives or the exchange & phaseout o conventional, highly inecientheating systems (e.g. strict emissionstandards)

Further detail on policies:Germany has seen one o the strongestincreases in the use o electricity romrenewable energy sources in the world.

Thanks to the innovative RenewableEnergy Sources Act (FIT) the share o renewable electricity in Germany hasincreased rom 4.8 to 15.1 percentbetween 2000 and 2008, o which


Links to Helpul Documents:BSW-Solar: http://www.solarwirtschat.de/

PV-Market Germany: http:// en.solarwirtschat.de/home/ photovoltaic-market/german-market.html

ST-Market Germany: http://

en.solarwirtschat.de/home/solar-thermal-market/german-market.html?L=0

Renewable Energies inGermany: http://www.bee-ev.de/ Publikationen/Publikationen.php

close to 1% was made up by solarPV in 2009. The solar heating sectorhas grown continuously as well dueto avorable support programs. Suchpolicies are crucial in achieving theabove listed solar targets and CO2 reductions in the uture and must bemaintained and continuously improved.

Since renewables will play an importantrole in mitigating climate change andreaching ambitious climate targets, theintegration o large quantities o RESelectricity into the public grid needsto be insured. Policies establishingregulations to leverage smart griddevelopments by ensuring priorityconnection and transmission o RESelectricity need to be establishedand improved. Innovative conceptssupporting auto-consumption, storageand balancing grid loads with intelligent

networks and incentive schemeswill play an important role. Also, reeaccess to grid systems is crucial orsolar thermal heating, which should beconnected to district heating systems.

The heating sector has a vast potentialor reducing CO2 emissions byusing alternative solutions to providedomestic hot water, space heatingand cooling, and air-conditioning.Since most o the potential in theseareas is still untapped, appropriate

policies and nancial incentives arethe astest way to introduce and investinto clean technologies such as solarthermal. Incentives aim at providinga level playing eld in a sector whereconventional energy sources are highlysubsidized. Supporting renewables,however, aims at kick-starting thedevelopment o these sources in orderto achieve competitiveness with otherenergy sources. Thereore, the marketincentive program, which has led toa good development o solar thermalin Germany, must be maintained andstrengthened.

In the building sector, low energybuildings can easily meet a largepercentage o energy needs withrenewables energies, particularlysolar. Thereore it is crucial that energy

eciency standards are high in orderto make solar the most ecient wayo heating and cooling and energyproduction. Solar building obligations,which are already in place or newlycreated buildings, should also apply tothe existing building stock in case o major renovations or when the needto exchange a heating system arises.

Such policies need to be enacted by allthe dierent states in Germany.

When replacing a conventional heatingsystem, most home owners only installsolar thermal systems. Thereore anincrease in emission standards mightcreate incentives to replace manyo the very old, inecient heatingsystems currently used in many housesthroughout Germany.

Source: http://www.esti.org/index.php?id=546 page 102

Image: BSW-Solar/ Suntechnics




E U R OP E

European Union New Member StatesBulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakiaand Slovenia*


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:

12% o electricity needs rom PV by 2020,as part o EU-27

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:200,000 direct and indirect jobs


PV: 62,699 kW

Growth o Solar Market in EU New Member States:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions:

Please see the report “The Status o PV 2008 in the European Union NewMember States” or more inormation. http://www.pv-nms.net/pvnms/web/ les/NMS2008.pd

KEY POINTS:


created


rom PV by 2020, as part

o EU-27

KEY POLICIES:

• RES Directive, feed-in

taris, tax incentives

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):• Renewable Energy Sources (RES)

Directive• Strong eed-in tari system• Stable solar policy• Tax incentives• Quota system• Preerential loans• Net Metering Standards• Federal Treasury Grant Program• Green loans or small investments

Further detail on policies: The new Renewable Energy Directivereplacing the existing measures wasadopted in December 2008. It is thenext highly important step towards alow carbon economy. The new RESDirective seems to be a historicalpiece o legislation as it pushesurther RES power development

to an unprecedented scale. Under

provisions o the Directive eachmember state has a legally bindingobligation to increase its share o renewables by 5.5% rom 2005levels, with the remaining increasecalculated on the basis o grossdomestic product (GDP) per capita.EU’s total renewables share is torise rom 8.5% o the bloc’s energymix today to 20%. By June 2010each Member State must submita National Renewable Action Plan

(NRAP) detailing plans (indicativetrajectory) to meet its 2020 targets. This Renewable Energy Directiveand the National Renewable ActionPlans are important or encouraginginvestment and deployment o PV.

Moreover, the EU requires that allmember states adopt a minimumlevel or the use o energy rom

renewable sources in buildings.

Thus, integrating PV in buildingswill be important or meeting theselevels. New construction projectshall include state guidelinesor installations o renewabletechnologies.

The European Commission, incooperation with stakeholderrepresentatives, undertookmeasures oriented at developmento renewable energy sources.

The Seventh Framework Programor Research and TechnologicalDevelopment provides the maininstrument or the unding o research, which is crucial to urtherPV development in the EU.

In November 2007, the EuropeanCommission also put orward a

*With a special alternative or Croatia and Turkey.



European Strategic Energy TechnologyPlan (SET-plan), designed to improveand speed up the energy research andinnovation in Europe. Maintaining thestatus quo is perceived as inadequatewith regard to the challenges o climate change and energy supply. TheEuropean Commission emphasized theneed or technology breakthroughs in

RTD, a prerequisite or lowering cleanenergy prices and low-carbon-energyindustry development.

One o key points o SET plan is toearmark more unds or the renewablesindustry, especially in terms o RTD

innovations. One o the new priorityinitiatives is the Solar Europe Initiative,oriented at large-scale demonstrationso commercial PV and concentratedsolar power (CSP). Solar EuropeInitiative also aims to reinorce Europeanenergy research capacities, to linkbroad programs such as the EuropeanPV Technology Platorm and ETAP,

and to increase human and nancialresources.

On November 26, 2008, the EUadopted the European EconomicRecovery Plan. Unortunately, thisplan does not acknowledge the role

Croatia and Turkey are included

in these calculations and the

“Status o PV 2008” in the EU

New Members State report

recognizing the high potential or

uture development and urther

integration.

Links to Helpul Documents:http://www.pv-nms.net/pvnms/ web/les/NMS2008.pd

o RES as one o the key solutionsto overcoming the global recession.In this plan, only clean transportationand energy eciency have beenconsidered the European priorities orthe upcoming months. Nevertheless,overall PV market condition should notdeteriorate. A lowering o module pricesmay actually lead to a moderate push

or market demand. The general trendorecasted or upcoming years showsan expansion o the PV sector.

The outdoor test acility at Warsaw

University o Technology. Photo

courtesy o Polish Center or PV.

The rst large PV installation or

Bulgaria, located in Zornitza. Photo

courtesy o www.pv-nms.net.

Rootop solar panels are shown

here in Malta. Photo courtesy o

www.pv-nms.net.


Source: European Commission Joint Research Center

Photovolt Solar Electricity Potential in European Countries

Source: Czech

Renewable Energy Agency





E U R OP E

Poland


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:

1% o electricity needs rom PV by 2020 (PolishSociety or Photovoltaic’s target)

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:1.4 million metric tons (metric tons CO2-equivalent)


PV: 1 megawatt


PV: 1000 megawatts

Growth o Solar Market in Poland:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:

• 1.4 million metric tons

CO2-e reduced

• 1% electricity needs from

PV by 2020

KEY POLICIES:

• Green certicates for PV,RPS with solar carve-out,

investment support

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

• Financial incentives: greencerticates or PV

• Renewable portolio standards:PV carve-out

• Investment support

• Policies to support job creation

Further detail on policies:Poland currently has several

normative acts that stress the needo urther renewable energy sourceutilization and development. ARenewable Energy Development

Strategy was passed in 2001, andin 2005 the Polish Energy Policywas passed, outlining measures orrenewable energy till 2025. In 2006the Ministry o Economy issuedthe Program or Electric PowerEngineering. All o these acts promoterenewable energy sources, includingPV. Moreover, the Energy Law Act,in orce since 1997, regulates theentire energy sector, providing the

opportunity or urther promotiono renewable energies. However,energy policy proposals out to2030 are currently being discussed;in November 2009 the Polishgovernment orecasted a mere 32MWo PV in Poland by 2030. To date, nancial incentives have

helped to deploy renewables inPoland, and such schemes shouldbe strengthened to promote thedeployment o more energy rom PVtechnologies. The primary nancialincentive is a system o GreenCerticates. In compliance withdirective 2001/77/EC, these green

certicates, or tradable titles, areallocated to producers o renewableenergy or each MWh o energygenerated. The market price isset around 250 PLN/MWh, plusan additional 150 PLN/MWh as o March 2009. Unortunately, thereare no multiplying values or specialcerticates or PV. With the greencerticate system, the utilities arerequired to buy electricity and heat

rom sources using renewable energy.However, selling this electricity andheat to the utilities is very dicult,and the process can be quite long,as payment is required or eventhe smallest system. Currently the Agency or Energy Regulation onlyregistered about 10 kW o energyrom renewables using this process. This process should be simplied toallow or more deployment o solarenergy, and the overall incentivesstrengthened. Another policy needed deals with

renewable portolio standards. Powerplants, utilities, and grid operators

must prove the origin o renewableenergy sources or any electricitysold. The renewable portoliostandard required a 7% share o renewables in 2008, increasing to10.4% in 2010. However, there is nospecic provision or PV; a specicpercentage o this share should becarved out or generation rom PV oroptimal deployment. Also, instead o purchasing a green certicate to

Assumptions: 830 g o CO2 or every 1 kWh o electricity produced in Poland.



The Polish Center or PV is able

to perorm detailed research

on cells, modules and systems

thanks to high-tech measurement

equipment. Since 2007, the Center

or PV uses outdoor and indoor

testing acilities to evaluate PV

technologies under simulated

and accelerated indoor and

outdoor conditions. This allows

or a tighter cooperation between

industry and RTD representatives

in uniying standards and codes o

PV devices. A similar outdoor test

center that can evaluate dierent

PV modules in Nordic conditions is

located in Estonia.

ulll this portolio, it is possible to simplypay a replacement ee. Clearly this is notdesirable, but despite this the renewableportolio standards are consideredan important step toward developingrenewable energy technologies in Poland. Additional government support

schemes or oreign and domesticinvestors include initial investment support(material and non-material assets), which

encourages job creation. Investment isencouraged in regions where the GDPrate is lower than the average GDP orall EU countries. This initial investmentsupport consists o tax exemptions orgovernment grants. As or taxes, there are two credits

applicable to PV: an investment taxcredit, and a real estate tax credit. Bothare granted by local authorities. Othernancial support or investors is grantedby the Ministry o Economics on a caseby case basis and individual negotiations

(central grant). It is also possible to applyor nancial support rom EU unds, butonly through an intermediary nationalinstitution. To date, Poland has beenvery ecient in receiving support rom EUunds. Nonetheless, this nancial supportrom the Polish government and the EUshould continue.

Government support or job creationhas been allocated a minimum o 10million EUR, and should create at least250 jobs. This investment and the jobs created must be maintained or 5

years (3 years in case o SME). Policiesthat support the job creation romrenewables, particularly PV, should bestrengthened and continued.

Investors may benet rom theCohesion Fund and the EuropeanRegional Development Fund throughoperational programs co-nanced by EUStructural Funds. However, the programon Inrastructure and Environment, or

the years 2007-2013, does not includegeneration o energy rom PV electricpower sources. For other renewables,the minimum investment cost is 20million PLN, with unds subsidized orup to 70% o the total investment cost(40 million PLN). The overall budget orrenewables within this program amountsto 91 million EUR. The Environment Protection Bank

(BOS), in cooperation with the NationalProperty Bank (BGK), currently oera 5-year sot loan (usually at hal the

commercial rate), covering up to 25% o the investment cost on energy eciencyupgrades including renewable energies.

Graph o Solar Potential: Links to Helpul

Documents:

www.pv.pl

In 2008, 2,700 loans (total amount wasmore than 580 million PLN) were grantedduring the rst 6 months o the year, butnone o these upgrades included PV. Tomeet the PV deployment target set orPoland, these loans must encouragehomeowners and building owners toinstall PV systems. The Environment Protection Bank and

the National Fund or Environmental

Protection and Water Management(NFOSiGW) also give credits or projectsaddressing one o the priority programso the Fund; unortunately PV is notmentioned as one o the prioritizedelectric power generation sources. The Environment Protection Bank andthe Provincial Fund or EnvironmentalProtection and Water Management actlocally, and support regional investmentswith preerred loans. There are also somepreerred loans rom commercial bankssuch as Sygma Banque, which oers a

special “green loan” or small renewableinvestments (including PV).

A 53.5 kWp system at the Warsaw

University o Technology is installed on

the açade. Photo courtesy o Center

or Photovoltaics.

The PV system at Warsaw University

o Technology as viewed rom the

roo. Photo courtesy o Center or

Photovoltaics.





E U R OP E

Spain

Assumptions: This gure is not yet adopted. It will besubject to the new Renewable Energy Plan 2010 - 2012


Concentrating Solar

Power (CSP) Target10% o electricity needs rom solar thermal by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:60 millions (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential rom

CSP target:4,000,000 (FTE)*

Economic Beneft:80,000 M€ (Cash investment between nowand 2020 in order to meet goal)


CSP: 330 megawatts



Growth o Solar Market in Spain:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

KEY POINTS:



avoided

• 4 million new solar jobs

created

KEY POLICIES:

• feed-in tariff

P R O T E R M O

S L A R

P R O T E R M O

S L A R


Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

• Feed-in Tari

• R&D Support

Further detail on policies: As proven in many markets andnations around the world, the bestpolicy to support solar deploymentis the eed in tari system. Otherpolicies on R&D support can work tocomplement this system.




E U R O

P E

Spain


Solar Photovoltaic


CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:80-92 millions o metric tons CO2-equivalent

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:Over 55,000 (FTE)

Economic Beneft: Net proft between 3,800 – 5,800 million EUR(0.18%-0.28% Spanish GDP)


PV: 3,500 MW


PV: 17,000 – 20,000 MW

Growth o PV Market in Spain:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target

Assumptions: each million euro invested in newpower directly creates 7.2 ull time jobs. Each millioneuro invested in O&M directly creates 14 ull time jobs.Each million euro o nal demand directly creates directly7.1 ull time jobs.

KEY POINTS:


CO2 equivalent emissions

avoided

• 55,000+ new solar jobs

created

KEY POLICIES:

• Revised renewables

legislation, eed-in tari

Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

• Renewable revision legislation

• Regulations changes to approachthe sel electricity generate orconsumers

• Stability market

• Grid Parity model

• Feed in Compensation

• Feed in tari ater reaching GridParity

• The elimination o administrativebarriers to small inrastructures

Further detail on policies:Over the past ew years, Spain hasdemonstrated the possibility or astrong solar market. There are manycompanies that exhibit internationalleadership, and some o them arenow implementing large solar projectsoverseas.

Spain has a regulatory rameworkbased on a retribution Feed in Tari (Royal Decree 1578/2008), whichguarantees legal and economicstability. Moreover, Spain hasdeveloped a modern photovoltaicindustry in the last several years thatis competitive and technologicallyadvanced.

Beore the regulation changes in 2008(Royal Decree 1578/08), PV exceededexpectations with a 385% increaserom 2007 levels. However, 2009 hasseen a signicant drop in installationsas companies adapt to new supportschemes within the global economy.

This aggressive deployment in 2008has created a provisional period orsolar development to head towardsgrid parity in Spain. To be competitive,the photovoltaic industry needs toreach grid parity as soon as possible,and increase levels o installed MW. ASIF believes that this goal is





impossible without the commitmentrom the government; the cut pricesmake prots more attainable withoutsubsidies. A recent study by ASIF andthe international consultant companyKPMG demonstrates how to maintainprots, preparing the market or a uturewhere electricity can be ully generated orconsumers connecting to the grid.

However, one o the necessary challengesto address to reach the solar target inSpain is the bureaucracy surrounding roo installations. This sort o inrastructureinvolves a large amount o red tape,regardless o size. In addition, privatehomeowners have diculty receivingnancial backing due to the economicsituation and the banks’ level o support.


Links to Helpul Documents:

www.asi.org

PV panels serve as the roo or this

structure. Photo courtesy o ASIF.




E U R O

P E

Sweden


Solar Photovoltaic

(PV) Target:4 TWh (2.7% o electricity needs) rom PV by 2020

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:1,000,000 – 4,000,000 (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Jobs Potential

rom PV target:5000 (FTE)

Solar Thermal(heating and

cooling) Target

230 ktoe rom solar thermal by 2030

CO2 Reduction

Equivalent:1,000,000 (metric tons CO2-equivalent)

Assumptions: Solar/PV installed capacity is doubledyear to year rom 2012 until 2020 using technology

specic certicates or equally powerul deploymentmechanism (e.g. FiT), Solar/Th installed capacity growswith 50% CAGR or ve years until 2015, then slowsto 20% CAGR rom 2015 – 2020 using strengthenedmarket deployment mechanism.

KEY POINTS:


CO2 emissions avoided

rom solar targets

• 5000+ new solar

jobs created

KEY POLICIES:

• feed-in tariffs, market

support or solar thermal



PV: 8 megawatts

Thermal: 275,000*


PV: 5000 megawatts

Thermal: 6,000,000*

Growth o Solar Market in Sweden:Capacity Growth to Reach 2020 Target


Policies to Achieve

Solar Target(s):

Technology Specic Certicatestailored to reach price-parity with FiT.For example, in Germany, a Feed-in-Tari with compensation o atleast € 0.35/kWh.

Further detail on policies:Solar Thermal: Starting on January

1, 2009, the Swedish governmentintroduced an investment supportscheme that applied to solar heatingor all applicants, rom privateindividuals to companies.

The investment support correspondsto SKR 2.50 per kWh the solarpanels produce per year, calculated

in terms o heat exchange, or whicha calculation method is specied. The investment subsidy is limitedup to a maximum o SEK 7,500 perapartment building, and a maximum o3 million SEK per project. Funding orthis investment is disbursed throughprovincial governments.

In order to qualiy, solar thermalcollectors must be installed by a




proessional and meet certain qualitystandards. The program will be monitoredor evaluation purposes, and subsidyrecipients can be required to submit dataor monitoring and evaluation.

The market support or solar thermalapplications must be strengthened,particularly or larger scale applications, inorder to reach the target o 230 ktoe by

2020.

Solar Photovoltaic: A new nancialsupport or the installation o solar cellswas introduced on July 1, 2009. Countyadministrative boards received more than100 applications or approximately 100million SEK in unding - twice as muchas allocated or the entire year o 2009. As a reaction, the Swedish governmentincreased unding or 2009 by anadditional 50 million SEK in September.Current expectations are that unding

will increase by 50 million SEK in 2010and 60 million SEK in 2011. Support isprovided or all types o grid-connectedphotovoltaic systems, includinginstallations that were initiated beore July1, 2009, yet completed by December 31,2011. The investment aid covers up to60% o investment cost, except or largecompanies that will receive unding tocover up to 55% o costs. The current system o electricity

certicates, introduced in May 2003,handicaps solar photovoltaic powerapplications in comparison to other

sources and technologies, as itincentivizes centralized power generationat the lowest cost/kWh. The systemneither accelerates distributed powergeneration nor solar photovoltaictechnology deployment. Solar PV policiesmust be amended as a matter o urgencyin Sweden, or launch no later than 2012.


Source: Svensk Solenergi



Links to Helpul Documents:Solar Energy Association o Sweden (SEAS):http://www.svensksolenergi.se/inenglish.html

The Ecology Building–University of Lund (109 kWp)

In autumn 2007, Switchpower installed the National Property Board o Sweden’s Higher

Education Facilities, at the University o Lund. This is one o Sweden’s largest and in terms

o building integration, one o Sweden’s most spectacular solar installations or Akademiska

Hus. The plant consists o our dierent types o subsystems, one on the roo, one or

sun-screening and two acade solutions. The system was awarded System o the Year at

Energitinget in 2008.

Bua Church, Varberg (13kWp)

Switchpower installed the rst solar power plant on a church roo in Sweden during the

winter o 2008. All modules use black rames and black tedlar back-sheet, as the system

was designed to blend in aesthetically with the roo. The Swedish Church is actively trying

to reduce its energy consumption in buildings. During the renovation o Bua church, it was

proposed that church install solar power to reduce environmental impact. It was possible to

install the solar panels directly on the church roo, as Bua church was built ater 1940 and

does thereore not all under cultural heritage protection.

City Theater in Stockholm (32 kWp)

Switchpower installed a 32 kWp photovoltaic power system on behal o the City o

Stockholm’s Facility Management Body during the summer o 2007. The system was installed

on a tin roo and consisted o multi-crystalline modules produced by Gällivare PhotoVoltaic and

inverters delivered by Fronius.

Schools in Stockholm (36 kWp)SISAB, the City o Stockholm’s School Property Board, installed ten PV systems during the

spring o 2007 in cooperation with Switchpower. The systems are located on the roos o

eight prep-schools and two primary schools in a Stockholm suburb where mono-crystalline

modules supplied by Gällivare PhotoVoltaic, and inverters delivered by Fronius were installed.

All modules have black rames and black tedlar back-sheets, even the mounting system is

coated black.

Ullevi Stadium – Gothenburg (86 kWp)

During the winter o 2006/2007, Switchpower installed what was then the largest photovoltaic

power system in Scandinavia or Got Event AB at Ullevi Football Stadium. The system consistso 86.4 kWp mono-crystalline PV modules supplied by Gällivare PhotoVoltaic. Note that all

modules in the system contain black tedlar and that module dummies in the orm o black

glass were used or areas in which standard rectangular photovoltaic modules do not t due to

the arched shape o the roo.

Swedish BIPV Reerence Projects




Asociación de la Industria Fotovoltaica

ASIF is a private non-prot organisation that was ounded on17 April 1998. lts main objective is to empower, and developthe photovoltaic industry, providing expertise and experienceto the Spanish market and authorities at state, regional andlocal level. ASIF’s activities aim to provide the Photovoltaic

industry with the necessary leadership to achieve signicantsolar energy production in Spain.

http://www.asi.org - Spain

Australian PV Association

The Australian PV Association (APVA) encouragesparticipation o Australian organisations in PV industrydevelopment, policy analysis, standards and accreditation,advocacy and collaborative research and developmentprojects concerning photovoltaic solar electricity. APVAprovides:• Up to date information on PV developments in Australia

and around the world (research, product development,policy, marketing strategies) as well as issues arising• A network of PV industry, government and researchers

which undertake local and international PV projects, withassociated shared knowledge and understanding

• Australian input to PV guidelines and standards

development• Management of Australian participation in the IEA-PVPS

http://www.apva.org.au - Australia

Bundesverband Solarwirtschat e.V.

With about 700 member companies, BundesverbandSolarwirtschat e.V. is the interest group o the German solarenergy industry. Forming a strong community o companies,BSW-Solar acts as an inormant and intermediary betweenbusiness and the political and public sectors. Its objectiveis to establish solar energy as a permanent pillar o a globalenergy industry.

http://www.solarwirtschat.de - Germany

Canadian Solar Industries Association

CanSIA works to strengthen the Canadian solar industry,increase the proessionalism o companies, oster domesticand international markets, and promote the use o renewableenergies.

http://www.cansia.ca - Canada

Enerplan

Since 1983, Enerplan, the French trade association o solarenergy, works or the promotion and development o solarenergy and the representation o the French solar energysector. Enerplan members include manuacturers, OEMs,engineering rms, installers, architects, and energy providersas active members.

http://www.enerplan.asso.r - France

European PhotoVoltaic Industry Association

With over 200 members active along the whole value chain,the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) isthe world’s largest industry association devoted to the solarphotovoltaic electricity market.

http://www.epia.org - Belgium

European Solar Thermal Electricity Association

ESTELA is the industry European Solar Thermal Electricity Association that was created in 2007 and started operatingin Brussels in March 2008.ESTELA currently has 52 members. One o these members,the national Spanish association PROTERMOSOLAR has80 members itsel. Thus, ESTELA represents -directly andindirectly- more than 130 companies, in act most o theEuropean companies that have activities in the solar thermalelectricity sector.

http://www.estelasolar.eu - Belgium

European Solar Thermal Industry Federation

ESTIF is the voice o the solar thermal industry, activelypromoting the utilisation o solar thermal heating and coolingtechnologies in Europe. It now has over 100 membersrepresenting the whole solar thermal value chain romcollector manuacturers to component suppliers, researchinstitutes, service providers, national solar thermal andrenewables associations.

http://www.esti.org - Belgium

Solar Energy Society o India

The Solar Energy Society o India was established in1976, and having its Secretariat in New Delhi, is the IndianSection o the International Solar Energy Society (ISES). Itsinterests cover all aspects o renewable energy, includingcharacteristics, eects and methods o use, and it provides acommon ground to all those concerned with the nature andutilisation o this renewable non-polluting resource.

http://www.sesi.in - India

Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association

Established in 1987, Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association( JPEA ) has been consistently committed to promotingthe dissemination o photovoltaic energy and its industrialdevelopment. JPEA consists o 95 members including mosto the PV manuactures in Japan.

http://www.jpea.gr.jp - Japan

Solar Groups in this Report




Protermo Solar

Protermosolar is the Association o the Spanish Solar Thermal Electricity Industry. It has 90 members including allthe relevant companies in this eld –promoters, componentmanuactures, engineering and construction companies,advisors and research centre.

http://www.protermosolar.com - Spain

Polish Society or Photovoltaics

Polish Society or Photovoltaics promotes the widespreaduse o solar electricity as realistic, reliable, and economicenergy source to encourage the integration o PV energyinto Poland’s research, economy, and everyday lie. PVPoland serves as a ocal point to conduct and stimulateresearch and demonstration activities; educates; organisesexpert meetings, workshops, symposia, and conerences;disseminates inormation and address environmental issues.

http://www.pv.pl - Poland

Shanghai New Energy Industry Association

Shanghai New Energy Industry Association (SNEIA) pushesorward the technologic al and economic inormationexchanges inside the association, improves the relationshipbetween its members and the government, societyand organisations at home and abroad, prompts thetechnological advancement o new energy and the publicitywork as well as providing trade, technology and inormationservices or Chinese and overseas new energy enterprises.

http://www.sneia.org – P.R. China

Solar Energy Industries Association

Established in 1974, the Solar Energy Industries Associationis the national trade association o U.S. solar energyindustry. As the voice o the industry, SEIA works with its1,000 member companies to make solar a mainstream andsignicant energy source by expanding markets, removingmarket barriers, strengthening the industry and educating thepublic on the benets o solar energy.

http://www.seia.org - USA

New Zealand Solar Industries Association

Established in 1996 to promote and coordinate thedevelopment o the solar water heating industry in NewZealand. The Association provides a central ocus pointor liaison with Government agencies, the disseminationo inormation amongst the industry, and the long termpositioning o solar water heating in New Zealand’s energysystem

http://www.solarindustries.org.nz - New Zealand

Sustainable Electricity Association o New Zealand

This industry association represents the interests o allstakeholders on the smaller scale o the renewable / distributed generation (SSR/DG) industry. New Zealand’senergy supply can be supported by photovoltaic (PV) solar,small scale hydro and small wind technologies. Its objective

is to increase the uptake o small scale renewable powergeneration.

http://www.seanz.org.nz - New Zealand

Swedish Solar Energy Association

National industry association with a member base o morethan 60 proessional organizations representing Swedishresearch and industrial interests in solar energy. Theassociation pursues its objective o actively ensuring thatsolar energy - direct transormation rom solar radiationto heat and/or electricity - play an important role in a

sustainable Swedish energy system and that Swedishcompanies be recognized or their technological andinnovative leadership in Europe.

http://www.svensksolenergi.se - Sweden

Swiss Association or Solar Energy

Swissolar is the solar energy trade association o Switzerland. It is active both in the photovoltaic and solarthermal sector. The 200 members are manuacturers,installers and planners. Activities include inormation, qualityassurance, education and lobbying.

http://www.swissolar.ch – Switzerland

Chinese Renewable Energy Industry Association (CREIA)

Since its establishment, Chinese Renewable Energy Industry Association (CREIA) has been serving as a window bringingtogether national and international project developers andinvestors; a bridge between regulatory authorities and theindustry; and a network or enterprises, drawing togetherrenewable energy experts on research and development,production and sales, proessionals and entrepreneurs toaccelerate the development o Chinese renewable energy. Asan industrial association, CREIA has succeeded in attracting

over 100 corporate members and about 160 individualmembers covering all the subsectors o renewable energy inChina.

http://www.creia.net - China
