seismic alert

7/30/2019 seismic alert

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Presented By

D.Mounika M.Neelima

SSN ENGINEERING COLLEGE


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Contents:

Introduction

How Deadly Are The Waves Generated By

Earthquake

Communication System And The Way ItCommunicates With Danger

Earthquake- Sensor Networks

Advantages Limitations

Conclusion

References


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Earthquakes strike without warning.

The resulting damage can be minimized and lives can

be saved if the people living in the earth-quakeprone area are already prepared to survive the strike.

This requires a warning before the strong ground

motion from the earthquake arrives.

Such a warning system is possible because the

energy wave released at the epicenter of the

earthquake travels slower (at 3.5 to 8 km/s) than

light.


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The warning signal from the earthquake epicenter can be

transmitted to different places using the using the satellite

communication network, fiber-optics

network, pager service, cell phoneservice or a combination of these.

In India, for earthquake prone states

like Gujarat, a seismic alert system

using the global system for mobilecommunication (GSM) network

spread throughout the state is

proposed.

This system does not try to find the

epicenter or the fault line caused by

the earthquake.


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HOW DEADLY ARE THE WAVES

GENERATED BY EARTHQUAKE!

Destruction also

depends on the

frequency of

ground

vibrations. P

and S waves

have higher

frequency of

vibration, which

shakes the low-

rise buildings.


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COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND THE WAY IT

COMMUNICATES WITH DANGER:

This GSM based alert

system monitors the

earth vibration using

a strong motion

accelerometer at the

earthquake prone

area and broadcasts

an alert message to

towns and villages

through the cell

phone networkexisting throughout

the state. Here

mobile phones are

used as transmitters

and receivers.


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The

communication

system forearthquake

alert comprises

an earthquake

sensor andinterface unit,

decision

system and

alert

dissemination

network.


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EARTHQUAKE- SENSOR NETWORK:

Earthquake sensor (strong motion accelerometers) are

deployed at known epicenters, fault line zones andearthquake-prone areas.

The handset, in turn, will transfer it to the base transceiver

stations (BTS) if it is within 10 to 17 kms. of the BTS.

Otherwise, it may require a repeater for transferring data to

the cell phone network.


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ALERT-DISSEMINATION NETWORK

The alert-dissemination network is a simple cell phone

network (GSM) in SMS mode, which already exists in

most of the states in India.

Alert messages are transferred to the destination

handset through the mobile network system in SMS

mode.

The receivers are installed at different places as

individual units or in groups. These should have an

interface unit to read the message and take action to

disseminate the alert message to the public.

The alert receivers could be attached to the civil defense

sirens and broadcast systems, and also installed at

Government Offices that are responsible for disaster

management.


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DECISION SYSTEM:

When an SMS is sent from the mobile handset, it first

goes to the SMS server of the mobile network, then to

the destination receiver handset.

If the same message has to be sent to different locations

(receivers), the transmitter handset has to dial different

numbers for different destinations.

All the source handsets (placed at different locations) for

sending the alert messages) should be registered at the

application server.

The SMS server sends alert messages at the rate of 40

messages per second (maximum capacity of the existing

mobile phone network) to all the destinations through

the GSM network.

Since earthquake of a magnitude less than 5.5 on Richter

scale hardly affect the buildings, this system is designed

to start sending alert signals if the earthquake magnitude

is more than 5.5 on Richter scale.


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TIME-TO-ALERT:

In this system, time-to-alert is the time between the

actual occurrence of the earthquake at the sensing

point and the audio or text message output at the

public or the Government Offices.

End-to-end communication delay will be very less,

provided all the transmitters (handsets) placed at

different epicenters are given the top priority for

communication in SMS mode.

Once the alert signal (message) is formed, the interface

unit will transfer it to the transmitter. The transmitted

message will be received by the application server, then

forwarded to the SMS server.


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Advantages:

Audio alarms can be installed to alert people, but the

action that individual can take with only a few seconds of

warning may be minimal. One can even argue that such a

warning might be deleterious since it might instigage

panic and poor decision than otherwise would not occur.

Facilities with high-energy or high-precision machinery

(nuclear power plants, airport operations, computers, oil

pipelines, refineries and gas distributions) could be shut

down. Trains could be stopped, fire stations and hospital

operation rooms alerted, and emergency generators

started.


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Limitations:

The interface units for accelerometers and handsets are

not available in the market. So these have to bedeveloped indigenously.

Seismology divisions of various Government

Organizations are working on a similar type of system for

the measurement of earth vibration using

accelerometers or seismographs. Some of the organizations are Bhabha Atomic Research

Center (BARC) Indian Meteorological Department,

National Geographical Research Institute (Hyderabad),

Institution of Astrophysics (Bangalore) and Roorkee

University. As far as the P waves are concerned, these will not

disturb anything because earth vibration due to these is

so low that it can be detected only through special

instruments such as accelerometers.


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Conclusion:

List of Places where danger can be averted and property

saved

Once an alert message is received,

Nuclear Power Plants, Airport Operations, oil pipe-lines,refineries,

Gas distributions can be shut down. Trains can be

stopped. Fire stations, Hospital operation rooms can be

alerted. Emergency generators can be started.

This protect the most precious of creations on earth

HUMAN LIFE .


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References:

www.springerlink.com

Scholar article on Seismic Detection using GSM by SL

Olsen, WR Petrick, JA Stodt
http://www.springerlink.com/http://www.springerlink.com/


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