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SECURITY OF SUPPLY IN FINLANDAND THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY SUPPLY AGENCY
31 October 2019
Christian Fjäder (PhD, MBA), DirectorNational Emergency Supply Agency (NESA), Finland
COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY
Continuity of Government
Economicsecurity
European Union and international
arrangements
National defence Homeland security Psychological resilience
WELLBEINGOF THE
POPULATION
ECONOMIC SECURITY
MARKET-ACCESS SECURITY AND
ACCESS TO FINANCE
SECURITY OF SUPPLY
SYSTEMIC LEVELECONOMIC SECURITY
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY
CRITICALINFRASTRUCTURE
PROTECTION
WELLBEING OF THE
POPULATION
SECURE INFRASTRUCTURE
FUNCTIONING ECONOMY
NATIONAL DEFENCE
SECURITY OF SUPPLY AS PART OF COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY
Securing the vital needs of the population
Securing the economy’s ability to produce vital products and services
Securing critical infrastructure to ensure the ability to deliver vital
services
Securing critical resources and infrastructure for national defence
• Established by a Government Act in 1992
•Governed by a Board of Directors
• Staff of ~40 managed by the CEO
• Financed by the National Emergency Supply Fund
•Reports to the Government through the Ministry for Economic Affairs
and Employment
NESA FACTS
Mission: Secure the continuity of the society’s critical economic functions and technical
systems for citizens’ wellbeing and national defense in the event of serious
disruptions and emergencies.
Tasks: - Promote public-private cooperation
- Secure the functioning of critical technical systems
- Secure the production of critical goods and services, including for national defense
- Manage the mandatory stockpiles and security stockpiles
- Maintain reserve stocks critical for fulfilling both the NESA mission and Finland’s
international commitments
NESA MISSION AND TASKS
• Disruptions to data communication systems and networks (cyber threats)
• Interruptions to energy supply
• Serious disruption to public health and people's ability to function
• Natural disasters and environmental accidents
The most serious external threat is a crisis situation temporarily impeding Finland's ability to produce
or import critical products and services.
KEY THREATS
OPERATIONAL TOOLKIT
OPERATIONAL & FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS
OWNERSHIP
COOPERATION & INFORMATION
REGULATION
RESILIENCE
Global Economy
Baltic Sea
Region
Privatesector
STRATEGIC CONTEXT
FINLAND IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S MOST GLOBALISEDCOUNTRIES
FINNISH ECONOMY DEPENDS ON EXTERNAL TRADE
National defence
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Finland Germany Netherlands United Kingdom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Finland Germany Netherlands United Kingdom
Exports, share of GDP 2018 Imports, share of GDP 2018
CRITICAL FLOWS: EXAMPLESICT cablessubmarinecablemap.com
Electricity transmission entsoe.eu
Maritime trafficshipmap.org
Gas transmissionentsog.eu
Security of Supply Council
National Emergency Supply Agency
Food supply
Primaryproduction
Food industry
Retail & distribution
Householdpreparedness
Energy
Power & districtheating
Oil & natural gas
Logisticalnetworks &
services
Air
Surface
Maritime
Health
Public health
Water
Waste
Finance & insurance
Finance
Insurance
Industry
Chemical
Forest
Military
Construction
Plastic & rubber
Technology
Other
Media
Digital
PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION NETWORKNATIONAL EMERGENCY SUPPLY ORGANISATION
Regional Enterprise Commissions
SECTO
RS
PO
OLS
Legal basis
State owned reserve
stockpiles
Compulsory stockpiles
Security stockpiles
Purpose Products
Act on Safeguarding Security of Supply (1390/1992)
Protecting the livelihood of the population and functions of the economy
during a severe crisis
Act on Compulsory Stockpiles of Imported Fuels (1070/1994),
Act on Compulsory Stockpiling of Medicinal Products (979/2008)
Security Stockpiling Act (970/1982)
agreement based
Protecting the supply of fuels and pharmaceuticals during a severe
interruption in import
Protecting the livelihood of the population and manufacturing during an
interruption of supply of crucial raw materials
Critical products and materials (460/2018)
Crude oil, oil products, coal, (natural gas), medicines
Grains and seeds, imported fuels and crucial raw materials, hospital supplies,
medicines, alloys, chemicals
The stockpiling system
Reserve stockpiles of grain for food
• NESA, min. 6 months
• Commercial stocks at traders, food industry and farmers
Inputs in food production
• food industry
• critical basic chemicals
• selected packaging supplies, reserve stockpiles
• handbooks and operating instructions
Finland does not maintain reserves of prepared food products
Readiness for steering measures
EXAMPLE: FOOD SUPPLY
KEY DRIVERS
GLOBAL PUBLIC - PRIVATEMARKET DRIVEN
EXERCISES
e.g. JÄÄTYVÄ (’Freezing’) 2018
FORESIGHT
Report available at nesa.fi
Security Strategy for Society 2017https://turvallisuuskomitea.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/YTS_2017_english.pdf
National Risk Assessment 2018https://intermin.fi/julkaisut/julkaisu?pubid=URN:ISBN:978-952-324-249-4
Government Report on Finnish Foreign and Security Policy 2016http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-287-271-5
Government’s Defence Report 2017https://www.defmin.fi/files/3688/J07_2017_Governments_Defence_Report_Eng_PLM_160217.pdf
Government Decision on the Objectives of Security of Supply 2018https://cdn.huoltovarmuuskeskus.fi/app/uploads/2019/04/08092304/Government-Decision-on-the-Objectives-of-Security-of-Supply.pdf
KEY STRATEGIC/POLICY DOCUMENTS
National Emergency Supply Agency
nesa.fi
THANK YOU!