Britespan Building Systems Construction in

Wingham, Ontario

Abdel Hameed Adra

Abd-Ur-Rehman Khawaja

Haroun Khokhar

Onaiza Khan

Rabioul Hassan

For

Mohammad Abdoli-Eramaki

Instructor

OHS 723

Date submitted

December 8, 2016

Table of Contents Page No.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………....... 1

General information about the workplace……………………………….……... 1

Size, design and schematic of facility……………………………………........ 2

Workers …..…………………………………………………………….......... 3

Project Objective………………………………………………………........... 3

Potential Achievements…………………………………………………......... 4

Equipment and Job Task……………………………………..…………………......... 4

Large Machinery and Vehicles……………………………………………….. 4

Hand Equipments…………………………………………………………....... 5

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)……………………………………....... 5

Job duties and worker tasks at the job-site………………………………........ 8

Policies and Programs……………………………………………………………........ 8

Process Analysis………………………………………………………………….......... 11

Recommendation……………………………………………………………...…........ 35

Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………....... 35

References………………………………………………………………………........... 36

Appendices……………………………………………………………………............... 38

Introduction

General information about the workplace Since 1994, Britespan Building Systems (Britespan) has been a leader in the fabric building industry. The company has been designing and constructing structures that range from 24’ to 300’ wide to any length. Dealing with cequipment at their disposal. Some examples of their tools and equipment are: cherry pickers, cranes, bulldozers, ladders, power drills, and mobile scaffolds. The company intends to expand its business and is going to open up a new storage site in Wingham, Ontario. The entire work process of the construction of the facility have been documented and recorded. Britespan will provide their own equipment, materials and employees to perform this task. (Britespan Rabioul & Sons Ltd., are outsourced with the task to determine what health and safety protocols have to be followed, whether any laws are being broken, providing recommendations, ensuring that construction is performed by following proper OHS guidinjuries during construction.

Figure 1 - Workers adding finishing touches to company logo

information about the workplace

Since 1994, Britespan Building Systems (Britespan) has been a leader in the fabric building industry. The company has been designing and constructing structures that range from 24’ to 300’ wide to any length. Dealing with construction, Britespan has many different tools and equipment at their disposal. Some examples of their tools and equipment are: cherry pickers, cranes, bulldozers, ladders, power drills, and mobile scaffolds. The company intends to expand

is going to open up a new storage site in Wingham, Ontario. The entire work process of the construction of the facility have been documented and recorded. Britespan will provide their own equipment, materials and employees to perform this task. (Britespan

Rabioul & Sons Ltd., are outsourced with the task to determine what health and safety protocols have to be followed, whether any laws are being broken, providing recommendations, ensuring that construction is performed by following proper OHS guidelines, and prevent any foreseeable

Workers adding finishing touches to company logo

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Since 1994, Britespan Building Systems (Britespan) has been a leader in the fabric building industry. The company has been designing and constructing structures that range from 24’ to

onstruction, Britespan has many different tools and equipment at their disposal. Some examples of their tools and equipment are: cherry pickers, cranes, bulldozers, ladders, power drills, and mobile scaffolds. The company intends to expand

is going to open up a new storage site in Wingham, Ontario. The entire work process of the construction of the facility have been documented and recorded. Britespan will provide their own equipment, materials and employees to perform this task. (Britespan, 2016)

Rabioul & Sons Ltd., are outsourced with the task to determine what health and safety protocols have to be followed, whether any laws are being broken, providing recommendations, ensuring

elines, and prevent any foreseeable

Size, design and schematic of facility Size of facility - 150’w x 164’L Building type - Genesis Series “Genesis Building Series is well suited to commercial and industrial applications in any climate conditions and application. The building style allows for door locations virtually anywhere on the building and the tremendous building height offers unobstructed building clearinterior for equipment movement and operations.” (Britespan Catalog)

Figure 2 - Genesis Series building design

Figure 3 - 3-D view of Genesis Series building

Size, design and schematic of facility

Series is well suited to commercial and industrial applications in any climate conditions and application. The building style allows for door locations virtually anywhere on the building and the tremendous building height offers unobstructed building clearinterior for equipment movement and operations.” (Britespan Catalog)

Genesis Series building design

D view of Genesis Series building

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Series is well suited to commercial and industrial applications in any climate conditions and application. The building style allows for door locations virtually anywhere on the building and the tremendous building height offers unobstructed building clearance on the

Figure 4 - Final Use of Facility (5:57)

Workers ~30 (including drivers and operators of vehicles); 1:5 female to male ratio Min age of worker - 18 yearsMax age of worker - 57 yearsMean age of worker - 32.7 years

Project objectives The objective of Rabioul & Sons Ltd. in the Britespan Building Systems (Britespan) project iensure that the company is following up to date safety procedures and guidelines and comparing their standards to what is suggested by health and safety governing bodies and similar industries in Ontario. In order to complete the objective, current potasks, equipment and machinery conditions, and workthe period of construction of their new facility.

Final Use of Facility (5:57)

operators of vehicles); 1:5 female to male ratio

18 years 57 years 32.7 years

The objective of Rabioul & Sons Ltd. in the Britespan Building Systems (Britespan) project iensure that the company is following up to date safety procedures and guidelines and comparing their standards to what is suggested by health and safety governing bodies and similar industries in Ontario. In order to complete the objective, current policies, procedures, job demands, job tasks, equipment and machinery conditions, and work-site of Britespan will be analyzed during the period of construction of their new facility.

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The objective of Rabioul & Sons Ltd. in the Britespan Building Systems (Britespan) project is to ensure that the company is following up to date safety procedures and guidelines and comparing their standards to what is suggested by health and safety governing bodies and similar industries

licies, procedures, job demands, job site of Britespan will be analyzed during

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Potential achievements Provide suggestions as per ministry recommendations, identify any potential hazards, develop new procedures if current procedures are not adequate, complete the project in a timely manner with minimum interference, and provide suggestions to prevent any work-related illnesses and reduce work-related injuries.

Equipments and Job Tasks All large machinery are inspected daily by their respective operators and inspected monthly by Britespan OHS crew. Things that are inspected in large machinery include the cab (gauges, switches, seat, mirrors, etc), engine (leaks, oil condition, exhaust, etc), external body (push frame, steps, paint, etc), hydraulics systems, and etc. No large machinery is older than 8 years, and are thoroughly inspected annually by third party company such as Wajax Canada, or Mevas. Any machinery deemed unfit for regular use are replaced or repaired within 1 week to ensure work is continued without delays. Hand equipments are inspected before the start of the shit and post-shift to check for any significant damage that can lead to malfunction and injuries. All electronic equipments must have a CSA seal of PPE’s are inspected before the start of the shift and post-shift for dents, cracks, and signs of deterioration. All employees are trained in terms of what they are required to wear, how to select the PPE and how to wear the PPE in a correct manner while on the job-site.

Large Machinery and Vehicles

Caterpillar 340D L Series 2 Excavator x1

Caterpillar D6N (Tier 4 Final/Stage IV) Dozer x1

Caterpillar 926M Aggregate Handler Loader x1

Caterpillar 140M3 AWD Grader x1 Dynapac CA250 Single Drum

Vibratory Roller x1 Gehl RS6-42 Telescopic Handler x1 Gehl RS10-55 Telescopic Handler

x1 Gehl R150 Skid Loader w/ Pallet

fork attachment x2 Gehl 4840 Skid Steer Loader

Skyjack SJ6826/32 RT Rough Terrain scissors x2

Skyjack SJ40/45 T x2 Link-Belt RTC-80110 Series II

Industrial Crane x2 Snorkel 400S/460SJ Telescopic

Boom Lifts x2 Manitex 4596 T Boom Truck x1 Freightliner FL80 Dump Truck x3 Schwing KVM 34X Truck-Mounted

Concrete Pump x1 Dodge Ram 3500 Pickup truck x2 Ford F-250 Pickup truck x 3

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Hand equipments

● Tool Belt with Suspenders

● Measuring Tape (30′)

● Steel Measuring Tape (100′)

● Speed Square ● Framing Square ● Carpentry Pencils

(lots of them) ● Carpentry Crayons ● Framing Hammer ● Finish Hammer ● Utility Knife ● Retractable Chalk

Line ● Linesman Pliers ● Line Level ● Torpedo Level ● Two Foot Level ● Six Foot Level ● Cordless

Drill/Driver ● Circular Saw

(Worm Drive) ● Cordless Circular

Saw ● Plunge Router ● Straight Router ● Jig Saw ● Reciprocating Saw ● Compact MIG

welding equipment

● Sliding Compound Miter Saw

● Portable Table Saw ● Air Compressor ● Framing Nail Gun

(Multiple Nail Size Capacity)

● Teko Nail Gun (For Attaching Joist Hangers and Other Mechanical Attachments)

● Pneumatic Staple Gun

● Finish Nail Gun (Angled is Most Versatile)

● Hand Saw ● Block Plane ● Plumb Bob ● Chisel ● Flat Pry Bar ● Cat’s Paw (Nail

Puller) ● Nail Sets ● Clamps, clamps

and more clamps (Bar Clamps, C-Clamps, Pipe Clamps)

● Construction Calculator

● Orbital Sander ● Belt Sander

● Hammer Tacker ● Powder Actuated

Nail Set Gun ● Extension Ladders

– 12′ (3.66m ● Step Ladders – 10′

(3.05m), 8′ (2.44m), 6′ (1.83m), 4′ (1.22m)

● 50′ (15.24m) 10 gauge Extension Cord

● Numerous 12 gauge Extension Cords

● Air Hose ● Magnet Wheel (For

Picking Up Nails) ● Brooms (Push and

Sweep) ● Shovels ● Pick Axe ● Digging Bar ● Rakes (Gravel and

Leaf) ● Pen and Pocket

Sized Notebook ● Screwdrivers ● Socket Wrench Set ● Wrenches

(Crescent and Pipe (Be Your Own Contractor Training, 2016)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) All PPE is inspected before and after use and employees are encouraged to discard their PPE if it is deemed to be damaged or worn out. Britespan provides their employees with compensation or supply them with specific PPE as required by specific job tasks. Below are details of the PPE and what regulates the use of the PPE at the jobsite.

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Eye and Face Protection (OSHA Standard 1910.133) Eye protection is necessary at all times within the worksite without any exceptions. The worksite operations can cause foreign objects to get in the eye and can occur from any of the operations. Recommended eye protection units are CSA Class 1A rated safety spectacles with side shields, and should be comfortable to wear and kept clean at all times to ensure good visibility. Goggles can be worn instead of safety spectacles but are not necessary. Britespan provides their workers with 3M Clear Frame with Clear Lenses Eyeglass Protector. (OSHA, 2016) (Work Safe Alberta, 2012). Face protection is necessary during processes that include any welding, grinding or sanding of materials, or when necessary to protect a worker beyond the requirements of regular eye protection. Face protection are shields that extend from the brows to below the chin and across the entire width of the individual worker. An adjustable face protection devices equipped with head protection are highly recommended for the safety of the workers performing tasks requiring such devices. CSA Class 3 rated welding helmets and Class 6A face shield for impact and splash protection are provided by Britespan to their employees depending on application. (OSHA, 2016) (Work Safe Alberta, 2012) Foot Protection (OSHA Standard 1910.136) Foot protection is necessary at all times within the worksite without any exception. Adequate protection should have slip-resistant and puncture-resistant soles. Foot protection ensures toes of workers are not crushed in case heavy equipment or heavy objects fall on them. CSA Grade 1 approved footwear is the only acceptable footwear that can be work at the worksite. Britespan compensates their workers $150 per year to purchase appropriate footwear and recommends their employees purchase a Timberland 6" TiTAN® Composite Safety Toe. Hand Protection (OSHA Standard 1910.138) Different hand protection should be used for specific job duties, such as heavy-duty rubber gloves for concrete work, welding gloves for welding, insulated gloves when exposed to electrical hazards, or shock absorbing gloves when operating power tools. Britespan provides their workers with Firm Grip All Purpose High Performance Work Gloves as well as compensate their employees 70% of the cost price if they choose to purchase hand protection of their choice. Head Protection (OSHA Standard 1910.135) Hard hats are required where there is a potential for objects falling from above, bumps to the head from fixed objects, or of accidental head contact with electrical hazards. Class A hard hats are to be worn. This is because they provide good impact protection to the workers. Hard hats are subject to routine inspection for dents, cracks or deterioration. After experiencing a heavy blow or electrical shock, they should be replaced. High Visibility and Distinguishing Apparel (ANSI D6.1-1-1971) Only American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Class 2 and ANSI Class 3 clothing can be work at the worksite, and employees must wear such apparel at all times while at the worksite. ANSI Class 2 clothing is used as the worksite has complex visual backgrounds and workers can be distinguished easily. Full body ANSI Class 3 garments are required to be worn only by the

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signaler of the crane and hoist operations and workers working near the roads and utilities as their whole body should ideally be visible. Britespan provides their employees with Carhartt Men/Women High Visibility Class 2 Vests, Carhartt Men/Women High Visibility Class 2 long or short sleeved T-shirts, Carhartt Men/Women High Visibility Class 2 Safety Jackets and High visibility Class 2 Velcro wrappable straps that workers can wrap around their ankles or calves for leg visibility. Britespan pays for 75% of the initial clothing the employees needs, followed by 40% of the costs for replacements thereafter. Free replacement is provided for safety vests and velcro straps only. Hearing Protection (OSHA Standard 1910.95) Hearing protection is necessary at all times within the worksite without any exceptions. The workplace operations create extremely loud noises that are detrimental to the health of the workers. Recommended hearing protection includes the use of earmuffs or earplugs depending on the task of the workers and the dBA level. Earmuffs are required for any workers that are operating or in the vicinity of heavy equipment. Heavy equipment can include: bulldozers, hydraulic presses, and jackhammers. Earplugs are required for any workers that are not operating any heavy machinery but are still exposed to noise. The earmuffs that are used are the 3M PELTOR Optime 105 Over-the-Head Earmuffs H10A HV 10 EA/Case (3M, 2016). The 3M PELTOR Optime earmuffs provide workers with protection for noise exposures up to 105 dBA and a noise reduction rating of 30 decibels. The earplugs that are used are the 3M E-A-R UltraFit Corded Earplugs 340-4004 (3M, 2016). The 3M earplugs are molded to provide comfort and have a noise reduction rating of 25 decibels. All forms of ear protection are reusable and therefore must be cleaned after each use with an alcohol swab. Harnesses When it comes to safety, Britespan takes no chances with their workers. Every workers who works with scaffolds or heights above 6 feet is required to wear a safety harness as required by Regulation for Industrial Establishments Reg. 851 and the Regulation for Construction Projects O. Reg. 213/91. Britespan provides their employees with North Rite-On FP81F/1DBA Harnesses and each harness is inspected thoroughly before and after use by a competent person. (Ministry of Labour, 2009) (OSHA, 2016)

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Job duties and worker tasks at the job-site

● Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

● Operate jackhammers and drills to break up concrete or pavement. ● Place, consolidate, and protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures. ● Position, join, align, and seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections and

pipes. ● Shovel cement and other materials into portable cement mixers; and mix, pour, and

spread concrete. ● Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, and adjustment of

machinery, equipment, and materials. ● Smooth and finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or

powered cement finishing tools. ● Spray materials such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco through hoses to clean,

coat, or seal surfaces. ● Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster or stucco through spray-

guns for application to ceilings and walls.

Policies and programs

Policies and programs are needed in companies in order to set standards of the work that has to be completed daily while being as safe as possible. A comprehensive list and stock of policies and programs are available at the head office of Britespan located at: Britespan Building Systems Inc. 37651 Amberley Road RR #1 Lucknow, Ontario, Canada N0G 2H0 This section will focus on the general details and summary of each policy or program the company has created for the purpose of controlling hazards at the jobsite and maintaining health and safety of every individual at the workplace. The company also provides their employees with a copy of the policy (via email) if they require it or if a policy have been updated. Each policy and program are signed off by the CEO of Britespan and a record of employee sign offs kept for due diligence purposes. Training Policy All employees must undergo criminal and driving background checks in order to work at Britespan. Employees are trained in house or sent elsewhere to learn how to operate vehicles and other machinery used at the worksite. Employees must be licensed in their respective fields of operations and a list of names of employees that have completed a successful training regime for

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specific machinery will be maintained by the company. All training orientations must be completed in order to access the worksite. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Policy The minimum mandatory PPE requirements for all employees at all the projects undertaken by Britespan include: hard hats, safety spectacles with side shields, reflective clothing and safety boots. Additional PPE will be determined and implemented using the site-specific safety programs. Alcohol and substance abuse policy The use, possession, distribution or sale of controlled substances such as drugs or alcohol, being under the influence of such controlled substances (drugs and alcohol) or testing positive for alcohol or any drug including, but not limited to, inactive components or metabolites associated with the use of such drugs is strictly prohibited while on duty, while on Britespan premises or work sites or while operating Britespan’s equipment or vehicles. (Worksafe Center, 2016) Site-Specific Safety Program This program is set up so that prior to each project undertaken by Britespan before commencing work. It outlines specific safety protocols and procedures to maintain while working within a site. Subcontractor Compliance Program All contractors and subcontractors must know and comply with the site-specific safety program, and all outlines protocols and procedures. A comprehensive checklist is used to ensure that all information is given to the subcontractors, which is completed and to be signed off by Britespan and their subcontractor representative. Daily Briefing Program This is a program created to ensure communication is present between Britespan and any subcontractors. To be done before construction work begins in the morning for the duration of the construction project. Topics discussed include working limits, emergency procedures, potential hazards, protocols and procedures, etc. Fall Protection Program No employee shall be allowed to work at heights exceeding 6 feet without the use of a safety harness. The harness shall be inspected for damages before and after every use. Employees should not tamper with the fall protection equipment. Ladder Safety Program Employees should ensure ladder is safe to use before using it by inspecting it for damages such as broken or bent steps. Ladders longer than 8 feet must be used by a team of two people. A ratio of 4:1 from the foot of a ladder to the top support must be maintained for non-self supporting ladders. Employees must never work on the top step of any ladders. (Office of Compliance, 2016)

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Mobile Scaffold Safety Program Guided by 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.28 Safety Requirements For Scaffolding and 29 CFR 1910.29 Manually Propelled Mobile Scaffolds, Britespan has an extensive mobile scaffold safety program. The program contains contents that include general requirements of the machinery and users, manufacturer's recommendations for safety which can also be seen on the body of the machinery, as shown in figure 31 and figure 32 in the appendices, mobile scaffolding safety policy, pre-inspection of mobile scaffolds, final inspection of mobile scaffolds, and training guidelines. (Cornell University Law School, 2016) (OSHAcademy, 2016) Trench Safety Program Workers need to adhere to the following policies and procedures with regards to trenches: Objects need to be at least 3ft away from the edge of a trench, a guard is needed to prevent surface encumbrances from entering the trench, a means of egress should be provided to safely enter and exit the trench, warning signs must be put in place to prevent operators of vehicles from accidentally entering the trench, emergency equipment must be readily available on site in case of an emergency. Inspections should be done daily before the start of each shift, and inspection should also be done on the equipment used in the trench. Workers in the trench should always wear a hardhat. Crane Safety Program Cranes must be operated by a ministry licensed person and there must be a signaller present at all times to ensure the best practice is followed at all times. Lock out/Tag out Program After a worker finishes his/her shift, he/she is required to drive and park the machine being used into a the corresponding parking spot inside a fenced area where all machines are stored at the end of the day. After parking the machine in the designated area, the worker is required to turn off the machine and then lock out the machine and tag it. The fenced area is only accessible through 2 locks that can only be unlocked by keys held by one of the 3 supervisors. Electrical and Fire Safety Program Extension cords, all electrical wires and cords should not move through areas where there is water. All extension cords should be inspected after every use and not used permanently. Machines should be inspected for short circuits and malfunctioning. Britespan’s construction site fire safety plan was reviewed and is up to date with corresponding acts and regulations. Britespan considers the Ontario Fire Code and Ontario Building Code when construction of new projects are proposed.

Process Analysis

Figure 5 - Excavation of trench (0:32) To begin the construction of the builused to dig a trench for laying down the foundation for the building. The excavation machine is controlled by a single operator that lowers the arm with claw and plows through the ground to create trench spacing. This is a dangerous work process because of the chances for contact with the machine while it is in motion. The arm extension with the claw is designed to plow through the ground, and place the material alongside the trench spacing. Potential dangers from this work process include:

● Worker contact with the machine in motion ● Possible debris falling over the body● Malfunctions in the machinery causing injury/damage● Hazardous conditions caused by environmental factors

(eg. slippery conditions in rain/winter) A useful precautionary measure is to section off the worksite to reduce any chance of external worker contact with the machine. The machine’s operating radius will determine the clearance zone required around the machine.

Excavation of trench (0:32)

To begin the construction of the building system, a caterpillar excavator as shown in Figused to dig a trench for laying down the foundation for the building. The excavation machine is controlled by a single operator that lowers the arm with claw and plows through the ground to

ate trench spacing. This is a dangerous work process because of the chances for contact with the machine while it is in motion. The arm extension with the claw is designed to plow through the ground, and place the material alongside the trench spacing.

Potential dangers from this work process include: Worker contact with the machine in motion Possible debris falling over the body Malfunctions in the machinery causing injury/damage Hazardous conditions caused by environmental factors

tions in rain/winter)

A useful precautionary measure is to section off the worksite to reduce any chance of external worker contact with the machine. The machine’s operating radius will determine the clearance zone required around the machine.

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ding system, a caterpillar excavator as shown in Figure 5, is used to dig a trench for laying down the foundation for the building. The excavation machine is controlled by a single operator that lowers the arm with claw and plows through the ground to

ate trench spacing. This is a dangerous work process because of the chances for contact with the machine while it is in motion. The arm extension with the claw is designed to plow through

A useful precautionary measure is to section off the worksite to reduce any chance of external worker contact with the machine. The machine’s operating radius will determine the clearance

Figure 6 - Laying the foundations in a trench (0:36) After the trench has been excavated, the support for the foundation is placed within the space as identified in Figure 6. This process involves multiple workers combining efforts to create the supporting framework for the build system. After the trench has been dug, the workers place wooden planks and steels bars to create the structure for create the foundation of the building system. During this job task, workers come across many potential dangers that in

● Slips, trips, & falls ● Injury from falling soil at the perimeter of the trench● Contact with nearby operating machinery● Injury due to lack of safe evacuation training ● Injury to work caused by improper or lack of PPE use

Workers should be properly trained in trench safety and evacuation techniques in the event of a collapse or injury. A competent individual who is responsible for the workers in the trench should inspect the space daily for any damage caused by environmental factors. The slope of the trench, the type of soil, and whether shoring is required should be predetermined before excavation. Workers are recommended to remain vigilant for all other work processes being completed nearby.

Laying the foundations in a trench (0:36)

After the trench has been excavated, the support for the foundation is placed within the space as This process involves multiple workers combining efforts to create the

mework for the build system. After the trench has been dug, the workers place wooden planks and steels bars to create the structure for create the foundation of the building

During this job task, workers come across many potential dangers that include:

Injury from falling soil at the perimeter of the trench Contact with nearby operating machinery Injury due to lack of safe evacuation training Injury to work caused by improper or lack of PPE use

rained in trench safety and evacuation techniques in the event of a collapse or injury. A competent individual who is responsible for the workers in the trench should inspect the space daily for any damage caused by environmental factors. The slope of the trench, the type of soil, and whether shoring is required should be predetermined before excavation. Workers are recommended to remain vigilant for all other work processes being

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After the trench has been excavated, the support for the foundation is placed within the space as This process involves multiple workers combining efforts to create the

mework for the build system. After the trench has been dug, the workers place wooden planks and steels bars to create the structure for create the foundation of the building

rained in trench safety and evacuation techniques in the event of a collapse or injury. A competent individual who is responsible for the workers in the trench should inspect the space daily for any damage caused by environmental factors. The slope of the trench, the type of soil, and whether shoring is required should be predetermined before excavation. Workers are recommended to remain vigilant for all other work processes being

Figure 7 - Roller and distance from trench (0:47) After the trench is filled with the supporting foundation for the building system framework, the trench is leveled. The single drum roller shown in Figure 7foundation work to prevent any chances of collision or possible damage Potential dangers in this job process to level the ground using a roller include:

● Contact with a worker during operation● Faultiness in equipment leading to damage or injury● Lack of training in machinery operation leading to damage or inju

When the work process for the day is complete, it is critical to store machinery in a designated spot. This will ensure the machine is not tampered with, and is in optimal condition for use as required. Objects need to be 3 feet away from the top beginpicture with the Dynapac CA250 Single Drum Vibratory Roller. Prior to the use of the roller, the machinery has to be inspected for safe operation by a competent individual. The operator of the compactor is encouraged to walk through the site to be wary of slopes, obstacles, holes, dropoffs, etc. A seat belt should always be worn in case of human error such as rolling on a slope. This will prevent the operator from being ejected from the seat and possibly getting hurt frmachine or earth damage. The operator should be trained in operating a compactor especially when approaching slopes.

Roller and distance from trench (0:47)

the trench is filled with the supporting foundation for the building system framework, the trench is leveled. The single drum roller shown in Figure 7, is kept at least 3 feet from the foundation work to prevent any chances of collision or possible damage to the system.

Potential dangers in this job process to level the ground using a roller include: Contact with a worker during operation Faultiness in equipment leading to damage or injury Lack of training in machinery operation leading to damage or injury

When the work process for the day is complete, it is critical to store machinery in a designated spot. This will ensure the machine is not tampered with, and is in optimal condition for use as required. Objects need to be 3 feet away from the top beginning of the trench, as shown in this picture with the Dynapac CA250 Single Drum Vibratory Roller. Prior to the use of the roller, the machinery has to be inspected for safe operation by a competent individual. The operator of the

walk through the site to be wary of slopes, obstacles, holes, dropoffs, etc. A seat belt should always be worn in case of human error such as rolling on a slope. This will prevent the operator from being ejected from the seat and possibly getting hurt frmachine or earth damage. The operator should be trained in operating a compactor especially

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the trench is filled with the supporting foundation for the building system framework, the is kept at least 3 feet from the

to the system.

When the work process for the day is complete, it is critical to store machinery in a designated spot. This will ensure the machine is not tampered with, and is in optimal condition for use as

ning of the trench, as shown in this picture with the Dynapac CA250 Single Drum Vibratory Roller. Prior to the use of the roller, the machinery has to be inspected for safe operation by a competent individual. The operator of the

walk through the site to be wary of slopes, obstacles, holes, drop-offs, etc. A seat belt should always be worn in case of human error such as rolling on a slope. This will prevent the operator from being ejected from the seat and possibly getting hurt from the machine or earth damage. The operator should be trained in operating a compactor especially

Figure 8 - Inspection of mobile scaffold (0:51) Figure 8, illustrates a mobile scaffold that is used to lift the worker to a safjob tasks. It is mostly supported by wheels and casters and allows the workers to perform their tasks at high elevations. One of the major reasons for workers to prefer scaffolding over ladders is that it provides stability and offer a with a guard railing for protection against falling off the elevated work platform. However, to maintain its efficiency, a competent individual must perform a verified inspection of the machinery and deem it safe for operation. Potential dangers in this job task include:

● Instability of the scaffold ● Injury/damage due to lack of inspection of fall arrest equipment and machinery ● Injury/damage caused by faultiness in the machinery● Careful attention also has to be paid to the environmental conditions of the workplace to

determine if the mobility of the scaffold will be affected Following are the list of things that need to be inspected to ensure the safety of a scaffold:

● The manufacturer’s instructions have been used during the installation process and are available to ensure its compliance

● Scaffold is erected so that● The legs and adjustable frames are on firm base● Toe-boards are put in place to prevent the tools from falling● Guard rails are existing and the tower is not established near electric poles or power lines.● Structural components of the scaffold such as brakes, casters, and adjustable legs do not

appear damaged

Inspection of mobile scaffold (0:51)

illustrates a mobile scaffold that is used to lift the worker to a safe height to perform job tasks. It is mostly supported by wheels and casters and allows the workers to perform their tasks at high elevations. One of the major reasons for workers to prefer scaffolding over ladders is that it provides stability and offer a wider surface to work on. The worker is also surrounded with a guard railing for protection against falling off the elevated work platform. However, to maintain its efficiency, a competent individual must perform a verified inspection of the

deem it safe for operation.

Potential dangers in this job task include: Instability of the scaffold Injury/damage due to lack of inspection of fall arrest equipment and machinery Injury/damage caused by faultiness in the machinery

o has to be paid to the environmental conditions of the workplace to determine if the mobility of the scaffold will be affected

Following are the list of things that need to be inspected to ensure the safety of a scaffold:The manufacturer’s instructions have been used during the installation process and are available to ensure its compliance Scaffold is erected so that it is not angled and the brakes are locked The legs and adjustable frames are on firm base

boards are put in place to prevent the tools from falling Guard rails are existing and the tower is not established near electric poles or power lines.

al components of the scaffold such as brakes, casters, and adjustable legs do not

14

e height to perform job tasks. It is mostly supported by wheels and casters and allows the workers to perform their tasks at high elevations. One of the major reasons for workers to prefer scaffolding over ladders

wider surface to work on. The worker is also surrounded with a guard railing for protection against falling off the elevated work platform. However, to maintain its efficiency, a competent individual must perform a verified inspection of the

Injury/damage due to lack of inspection of fall arrest equipment and machinery

o has to be paid to the environmental conditions of the workplace to

Following are the list of things that need to be inspected to ensure the safety of a scaffold: The manufacturer’s instructions have been used during the installation process and are available to ensure its compliance

Guard rails are existing and the tower is not established near electric poles or power lines. al components of the scaffold such as brakes, casters, and adjustable legs do not

Figure 9 - Supervising forklift operation (0:57) Figure 9, identifies the setup of the metal framework performed by the telescopic handlers. The handler machines work together to lift the chains attached to the metal framework to position them into the fixed location. This job task requires constant communicationbe performed safely. Possible dangers include:

● Contact made between the workers and the machine or elevated building structure ● Damage to the machine or structure if the job task isn’t performed according to the

predetermined procedures● Dangerous working conditions due to environmental factors● Injury/damage caused by lack of machinery and tool inspection ● Injury to worker caused by improper or lack of PPE use

After the framework is positioned into the permanent setting, it is boltefoundation that was built into the trench. Sky jacks are used to allow workers to secure the necessary pieces of the framework. All workers that operate any machinery that elevates them above 6 feet are mandated by the Ministry of Labour 9 shows a supervisor ensuring the worker is maintaining a safe distance between the skyjack and the metal framework. Potential dangers of this work process include, contact with the building structure, fall from the skyjack machinery, and contact of machinery with nearby workers. Safety inspections of the machinery and tools should be performed by supervisors to ensure compliance with the health and safety act. The forklift is being used to assist the workers in bconstruction process by assembling the metal foundation of the building.

Supervising forklift operation (0:57)

identifies the setup of the metal framework performed by the telescopic handlers. The handler machines work together to lift the chains attached to the metal framework to position them into the fixed location. This job task requires constant communication and synchronicity to

Contact made between the workers and the machine or elevated building structure Damage to the machine or structure if the job task isn’t performed according to the

dures Dangerous working conditions due to environmental factors Injury/damage caused by lack of machinery and tool inspection Injury to worker caused by improper or lack of PPE use

After the framework is positioned into the permanent setting, it is bolted to the concrete foundation that was built into the trench. Sky jacks are used to allow workers to secure the necessary pieces of the framework. All workers that operate any machinery that elevates them above 6 feet are mandated by the Ministry of Labour to wear appropriate fall arrest PPE. Figure 9 shows a supervisor ensuring the worker is maintaining a safe distance between the skyjack and the metal framework. Potential dangers of this work process include, contact with the building

the skyjack machinery, and contact of machinery with nearby workers. Safety inspections of the machinery and tools should be performed by supervisors to ensure compliance with the health and safety act. The forklift is being used to assist the workers in bconstruction process by assembling the metal foundation of the building.

15

identifies the setup of the metal framework performed by the telescopic handlers. The handler machines work together to lift the chains attached to the metal framework to position

and synchronicity to

Contact made between the workers and the machine or elevated building structure Damage to the machine or structure if the job task isn’t performed according to the

d to the concrete foundation that was built into the trench. Sky jacks are used to allow workers to secure the necessary pieces of the framework. All workers that operate any machinery that elevates them

to wear appropriate fall arrest PPE. Figure 9 shows a supervisor ensuring the worker is maintaining a safe distance between the skyjack and the metal framework. Potential dangers of this work process include, contact with the building

the skyjack machinery, and contact of machinery with nearby workers. Safety inspections of the machinery and tools should be performed by supervisors to ensure compliance with the health and safety act. The forklift is being used to assist the workers in beginning the

Figure 10 - Attaching building structure to forklift (1:05) The worker is shown attaching the metal pipe structure to the forklift in Figforklift will be later maneuvered to place the metal pipe on the foundation. This job task requires many checklist steps to be completed before any objects are raised and moved around the site. Dangers in this job task include slips, trips, falls over objects on the lifted objects, and impact with machinery while in motion. Faultiness in machinery can also lead to an increased risk of injury for workers, however effective inspections will improve the safety of the workplace. The workers’ responsibilities include:

● Make sure when attaching the lanyard, the machine is powered off● Ensuring the lanyard used to secure the framework to the skyjack is undamaged and

functionally capable to lift the load● Confirm that the lanyard is firmly attached ● Lift the load slightly off the ground to determine if the machinery will be able to safely

raise the load ● Stay clear from the framework and the machinery when the structure is being lifted ● Never stand in the path or range of m

Attaching building structure to forklift (1:05)

The worker is shown attaching the metal pipe structure to the forklift in Figure 10, where the ll be later maneuvered to place the metal pipe on the foundation. This job task requires

many checklist steps to be completed before any objects are raised and moved around the site. Dangers in this job task include slips, trips, falls over objects on the floor, possible contact with lifted objects, and impact with machinery while in motion. Faultiness in machinery can also lead to an increased risk of injury for workers, however effective inspections will improve the safety

responsibilities include: Make sure when attaching the lanyard, the machine is powered off Ensuring the lanyard used to secure the framework to the skyjack is undamaged and functionally capable to lift the load Confirm that the lanyard is firmly attached and secured to the machinery Lift the load slightly off the ground to determine if the machinery will be able to safely

Stay clear from the framework and the machinery when the structure is being lifted Never stand in the path or range of motion of the machinery and the lifted load

16

10, where the ll be later maneuvered to place the metal pipe on the foundation. This job task requires

many checklist steps to be completed before any objects are raised and moved around the site. floor, possible contact with

lifted objects, and impact with machinery while in motion. Faultiness in machinery can also lead to an increased risk of injury for workers, however effective inspections will improve the safety

Ensuring the lanyard used to secure the framework to the skyjack is undamaged and

Lift the load slightly off the ground to determine if the machinery will be able to safely

Stay clear from the framework and the machinery when the structure is being lifted otion of the machinery and the lifted load

Figure 11 - Crane and mobile scaffold (Outside view) (1:18) When the metal framework is raised by the cranes at the ends of the building, skyjacks and mobile scaffolds are used to carry personnel to the conneposition working simultaneously, the workers use power tools to secure the framework together to build the skeleton of the building system as shown in Fig. 11. This complex work task requires an extreme level of focus and cooperation. All working personnel should be trained on the planned tasks to ensure the smoothest transition in work flow procedures. Safety measures in this work task include:

● Crane operators should coordinate with on the ground signalers to raiseframework to the appropriate height as per manufacturing orders

● Crane operators must ensure that the load is capable of being safely lifted and position it at the desired location

● All workers in skyjacks and mobile scaffolds are required to wearequipment

● Every machinery used for lifting workers to work at an elevated level should be inspected daily

● Workers are also required to wear all additional PPE (personal protective equipment)

Crane and mobile scaffold (Outside view) (1:18)

When the metal framework is raised by the cranes at the ends of the building, skyjacks and mobile scaffolds are used to carry personnel to the connecting points for the structure. At this position working simultaneously, the workers use power tools to secure the framework together to build the skeleton of the building system as shown in Fig. 11. This complex work task requires

s and cooperation. All working personnel should be trained on the planned tasks to ensure the smoothest transition in work flow procedures.

Safety measures in this work task include: Crane operators should coordinate with on the ground signalers to raise the metal framework to the appropriate height as per manufacturing orders Crane operators must ensure that the load is capable of being safely lifted and position it

All workers in skyjacks and mobile scaffolds are required to wear fall arrest harness and

Every machinery used for lifting workers to work at an elevated level should be inspected

Workers are also required to wear all additional PPE (personal protective equipment)

17

When the metal framework is raised by the cranes at the ends of the building, skyjacks and cting points for the structure. At this

position working simultaneously, the workers use power tools to secure the framework together to build the skeleton of the building system as shown in Fig. 11. This complex work task requires

s and cooperation. All working personnel should be trained on the

the metal

Crane operators must ensure that the load is capable of being safely lifted and position it

fall arrest harness and

Every machinery used for lifting workers to work at an elevated level should be inspected

Workers are also required to wear all additional PPE (personal protective equipment)

Figure 12 - Crane and mobile scaffold Figure 12, gives a vivid insight into the space within the building system. All workers within this area have to pay extra attention to their work process to ensure safe machine operation within close proximity to other machines. The skyjacks and mobile scaffolds arto elevate to ensure the workers don’t come in direct contact with the building structure as shown in Figure 12. The workers tasked with installing the supporting framework in the inside part of the building should maintain all s Using a mobile scaffold requires many safety precautions as mentioned before, with a heavy focus on training and education. Only authorized personnel should operate the machinery required for the construction tasks. This job task and maand attention to detail. With this type of work environment, the probability for an injury to occur is likely. In order to combat some of these potential hazards, the workers’ ergonomic and overall safety should taken into consideration during strenuous work tasks. This will ensure the workers are performing tasks as intended using all safety precautions as required.

Crane and mobile scaffold Inside view (1:25)

gives a vivid insight into the space within the building system. All workers within this area have to pay extra attention to their work process to ensure safe machine operation within close proximity to other machines. The skyjacks and mobile scaffolds are limited in their ability to elevate to ensure the workers don’t come in direct contact with the building structure as shown

12. The workers tasked with installing the supporting framework in the inside part of the building should maintain all safety precautions.

Using a mobile scaffold requires many safety precautions as mentioned before, with a heavy focus on training and education. Only authorized personnel should operate the machinery required for the construction tasks. This job task and many others demand heavy physical labour and attention to detail. With this type of work environment, the probability for an injury to occur is likely. In order to combat some of these potential hazards, the workers’ ergonomic and overall

into consideration during strenuous work tasks. This will ensure the workers are performing tasks as intended using all safety precautions as required.

18

gives a vivid insight into the space within the building system. All workers within this area have to pay extra attention to their work process to ensure safe machine operation within

e limited in their ability to elevate to ensure the workers don’t come in direct contact with the building structure as shown

12. The workers tasked with installing the supporting framework in the inside part of

Using a mobile scaffold requires many safety precautions as mentioned before, with a heavy focus on training and education. Only authorized personnel should operate the machinery

ny others demand heavy physical labour and attention to detail. With this type of work environment, the probability for an injury to occur is likely. In order to combat some of these potential hazards, the workers’ ergonomic and overall

into consideration during strenuous work tasks. This will ensure the workers

Figure 13 - Truck mounted crane and mobile scaffold working together view (1:42) Figure 13, displays a similar but closer view to the operation of the truck mounted cranes and scaffolds as shown in Figure 11. At this stage of the building construction, the basic skeleton has been erected and is just being secured to improved stability. All the mentionfor crane and scaffold safety apply to this job task as required. All personnel are to be trained and all equipment is to be tested daily prior to use. Potential dangers in this work task include:

● Slips, Trips, Falls on the mobile s● Dangerous working conditions due to environmental factors● Worker contact with operating machinery or power tools● Machine faultiness that could result in injury to the work or damage to the building● Harsh environmental conditions

Truck mounted crane and mobile scaffold working together view (1:42)

ays a similar but closer view to the operation of the truck mounted cranes and scaffolds as shown in Figure 11. At this stage of the building construction, the basic skeleton has been erected and is just being secured to improved stability. All the mentioned safety precautions for crane and scaffold safety apply to this job task as required. All personnel are to be trained and all equipment is to be tested daily prior to use.

Potential dangers in this work task include: Slips, Trips, Falls on the mobile scaffold Dangerous working conditions due to environmental factors Worker contact with operating machinery or power tools Machine faultiness that could result in injury to the work or damage to the buildingHarsh environmental conditions

19

Truck mounted crane and mobile scaffold working together view (1:42)

ays a similar but closer view to the operation of the truck mounted cranes and scaffolds as shown in Figure 11. At this stage of the building construction, the basic skeleton has

ed safety precautions for crane and scaffold safety apply to this job task as required. All personnel are to be trained and

Machine faultiness that could result in injury to the work or damage to the building

Figure 14 - Housekeeping Procedures (Empty Worksite) (1:48) Effective housekeeping procedures can prevent many workplace hazards from taking place. It not only makes the occupational setting neat but helps in maintaining an organized worksite too. Figure 14, highlights a well cleaned site that is clear of any tools or machinery that is not in use. Good housekeeping is an ongoing process and can help in preventing slips, trips, and falls in the workplace. It also improves workers’ productivity and gives better knowledge inventory and supplies. In order to maintain the effectiveness of the tools and machine, they must be stored in a designated location. This will keep the machines and tools from getting tampered with or damaged. Effective tools and machines arefaultiness can result in a serious injury. Housekeeping measures include:

● Ensuring all machinery and tools are stored away when not in useSweep the worksite for excessive amount of dust and debris

● Remove any objects that obstruct the path of travel for workers or machines● Effective use of PPE ● Dispose all waste to the proper locations● Supervisor inspection of housekeeping for recordkeeping

usekeeping Procedures (Empty Worksite) (1:48)

Effective housekeeping procedures can prevent many workplace hazards from taking place. It not only makes the occupational setting neat but helps in maintaining an organized worksite too.

a well cleaned site that is clear of any tools or machinery that is not in use. Good housekeeping is an ongoing process and can help in preventing slips, trips, and falls in the workplace. It also improves workers’ productivity and gives better knowledge of existing inventory and supplies. In order to maintain the effectiveness of the tools and machine, they must be stored in a designated location. This will keep the machines and tools from getting tampered with or damaged. Effective tools and machines are crucial for construction tasks because their faultiness can result in a serious injury.

Housekeeping measures include: Ensuring all machinery and tools are stored away when not in use Sweep the worksite for excessive amount of dust and debris

objects that obstruct the path of travel for workers or machines

Dispose all waste to the proper locations Supervisor inspection of housekeeping for recordkeeping

20

Effective housekeeping procedures can prevent many workplace hazards from taking place. It not only makes the occupational setting neat but helps in maintaining an organized worksite too.

a well cleaned site that is clear of any tools or machinery that is not in use. Good housekeeping is an ongoing process and can help in preventing slips, trips, and falls in the

of existing inventory and supplies. In order to maintain the effectiveness of the tools and machine, they must be stored in a designated location. This will keep the machines and tools from getting tampered

crucial for construction tasks because their

objects that obstruct the path of travel for workers or machines

Figure 15 - Tarping Exoskeleton of Building Structure (1:56) The tarping procedure requires the use of a skyjack with harnessed worked to secure the outer layer to the frame. The worker raises the skyjack at small height intervals to pull the roll of tarp alongside the frame and secures it into place as the tarp is slid aprocess requires a quick inspection when securing the tarp to ensure it is place. This task also requires a secondary inspection to ensure there aren’t any missed connection points and that the system is built according to the manufacturer’s speci Dangers in this task include:

● Contact of machinery or worker with the building system● Slips, Trips, and falling hazard● Environmental factors that affect the work process● Injury/harm caused by improper or lack of PPE use● Contact of power tools with the worker

In order to keep the integrity of the workers’ safety and the building system, all procedures are meant to be followed according to provided training. All personnel that are using any mobile scaffold or lift are required to be wearing inspnecessary PPE. It is the responsibility of the competent individual supervising to ensure the worker has the safest working conditions possible to perform the job tasks as required.

Tarping Exoskeleton of Building Structure (1:56)

rping procedure requires the use of a skyjack with harnessed worked to secure the outer layer to the frame. The worker raises the skyjack at small height intervals to pull the roll of tarp alongside the frame and secures it into place as the tarp is slid along as shown in Fprocess requires a quick inspection when securing the tarp to ensure it is place. This task also requires a secondary inspection to ensure there aren’t any missed connection points and that the system is built according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

Contact of machinery or worker with the building system Slips, Trips, and falling hazard Environmental factors that affect the work process Injury/harm caused by improper or lack of PPE use

with the worker

In order to keep the integrity of the workers’ safety and the building system, all procedures are meant to be followed according to provided training. All personnel that are using any mobile scaffold or lift are required to be wearing inspected and effective fall arrest equipment and all necessary PPE. It is the responsibility of the competent individual supervising to ensure the worker has the safest working conditions possible to perform the job tasks as required.

21

rping procedure requires the use of a skyjack with harnessed worked to secure the outer layer to the frame. The worker raises the skyjack at small height intervals to pull the roll of tarp

long as shown in Figure 15. This process requires a quick inspection when securing the tarp to ensure it is place. This task also requires a secondary inspection to ensure there aren’t any missed connection points and that the

In order to keep the integrity of the workers’ safety and the building system, all procedures are meant to be followed according to provided training. All personnel that are using any mobile

ected and effective fall arrest equipment and all necessary PPE. It is the responsibility of the competent individual supervising to ensure the worker has the safest working conditions possible to perform the job tasks as required.

Figure 16 - Fully extended mobile scaffold (Tarping Process) (2:11) As demonstrated in Figure 16, a fully extended mobile scaffold may be employed only when the machine is completely stationary. The worker in the raised platform should be well equipped with fall arrest equipment and should be knowledgeable in the procedures of working at heights. The prominent danger in this work task is the chance of tipping for the machinery. Due to the fact that the platform with worker is raised, the center of gravity can shift easier intipping. The worker should also be vigilant for other machines working nearby. Close attention should be paid to the distance that is required between two operating scaffolds and lifts, as well as ensuring the worker is adequately trained. The competent individual is required to ensure all inspections are completed so the safety of tevent of an incident. Environmental conditions on the ground and scaffold/lift can present slipping and falling hazards for the worker. Adequate PPE (footwear) is required to ensure the worker has the necessary traction to reheights.

ended mobile scaffold (Tarping Process) (2:11)

igure 16, a fully extended mobile scaffold may be employed only when the machine is completely stationary. The worker in the raised platform should be well equipped

ent and should be knowledgeable in the procedures of working at heights.

The prominent danger in this work task is the chance of tipping for the machinery. Due to the fact that the platform with worker is raised, the center of gravity can shift easier intipping. The worker should also be vigilant for other machines working nearby.

Close attention should be paid to the distance that is required between two operating scaffolds and lifts, as well as ensuring the worker is adequately trained. The competent individual is required to ensure all inspections are completed so the safety of the worker is maintained in the event of an incident. Environmental conditions on the ground and scaffold/lift can present slipping and falling hazards for the worker. Adequate PPE (footwear) is required to ensure the worker has the necessary traction to reduce any chances of injuries present from working at

22

igure 16, a fully extended mobile scaffold may be employed only when the machine is completely stationary. The worker in the raised platform should be well equipped

ent and should be knowledgeable in the procedures of working at heights.

The prominent danger in this work task is the chance of tipping for the machinery. Due to the fact that the platform with worker is raised, the center of gravity can shift easier in the event of tipping. The worker should also be vigilant for other machines working nearby.

Close attention should be paid to the distance that is required between two operating scaffolds and lifts, as well as ensuring the worker is adequately trained. The competent individual is

he worker is maintained in the event of an incident. Environmental conditions on the ground and scaffold/lift can present slipping and falling hazards for the worker. Adequate PPE (footwear) is required to ensure the

duce any chances of injuries present from working at

Figure 17 - 2 Man Wide Scaffold (2:29) Upon the full tarping of the outer surface of the building system, the opening sides are fitted with appropriate steelwork. This framework will allow the core from environmental factors and limit access to only authorized personnel. This task requires the use of a two-man mobile scaffold that raises the workers and allows them to work together on securing the framework. The workers have to be trained to ensure there is no tangling of the harnesses and power tool cords. This task requires the workers have great communications to allow for a smooth workflow. Possible dangers in this task include:

● Slips, Trips, and Falls ● Injury to worker or damage to the building structure by power tools● Hazardous conditions present due to environmental factors ● Tangling between workers on the scaffold ● Tipping hazards of the scaffold due to instability

2 Man Wide Scaffold (2:29)

Upon the full tarping of the outer surface of the building system, the opening sides are fitted with appropriate steelwork. This framework will allow the workers to enclose the structure to protect the core from environmental factors and limit access to only authorized personnel. This task

man mobile scaffold that raises the workers and allows them to work the framework. The workers have to be trained to ensure there is no

tangling of the harnesses and power tool cords. This task requires the workers have great communications to allow for a smooth workflow.

Possible dangers in this task include:

Injury to worker or damage to the building structure by power tools Hazardous conditions present due to environmental factors Tangling between workers on the scaffold Tipping hazards of the scaffold due to instability

23

Upon the full tarping of the outer surface of the building system, the opening sides are fitted with the workers to enclose the structure to protect

the core from environmental factors and limit access to only authorized personnel. This task man mobile scaffold that raises the workers and allows them to work

the framework. The workers have to be trained to ensure there is no tangling of the harnesses and power tool cords. This task requires the workers have great

Figure 18 - Mobile Scaffold Distance Safety (2:55) Continuing the use of the scaffolds, Figthe building system by securing large panels of steel to the metal frame. The workers are urged to continue the same precautions as identified prior for safe scaffold and skyjack use.

Figure 19 - Climbing into Mobile Scaffold (3:34)

Scaffold Distance Safety (2:55)

Continuing the use of the scaffolds, Figure 18, shows the middle stage of shingling the outside of the building system by securing large panels of steel to the metal frame. The workers are urged

ions as identified prior for safe scaffold and skyjack use.

Climbing into Mobile Scaffold (3:34)

24

shows the middle stage of shingling the outside of the building system by securing large panels of steel to the metal frame. The workers are urged

ions as identified prior for safe scaffold and skyjack use.

Figure 19, identifies a worker climbing into a mobile scaffold. This is not safe working ethic as approximately 15% of scaffold related accide(3). The appropriate way to climb a scaffold is with the use of a ladder and the workers must employ 3 point contact to ensure their safety.

Figure 20 - Cherry Picker and Mobile Scaffold Supervision (3:48) A cherry picker and mobile scaffold is being used to install the shingles on the outside of the facility. Not only are the wheels locked, the mobile scaffold is also held in place by iron poles to prevent it from moving. There is also a supervisor at grounworkers. As we can see, there is a worker in the cherry picker. This worker is attached to the guardrails of the cherry picker by means of a harness. Supervisor responsibilities include;

● Inspection of fall-arrest equip● Ensure worker is adequately trained to perform job tasks● Make sure the scaffold is stable with hoisted supported and the wheels are locked to

ensure safe lifting of the worker to the desired height● Before allowing the worker to e

required harnesses and effective PPE

identifies a worker climbing into a mobile scaffold. This is not safe working ethic as approximately 15% of scaffold related accidents occur when workers are climbing up or down (3). The appropriate way to climb a scaffold is with the use of a ladder and the workers must employ 3 point contact to ensure their safety.

Cherry Picker and Mobile Scaffold Supervision (3:48)

A cherry picker and mobile scaffold is being used to install the shingles on the outside of the facility. Not only are the wheels locked, the mobile scaffold is also held in place by iron poles to prevent it from moving. There is also a supervisor at ground level overseeing the tasks of the workers. As we can see, there is a worker in the cherry picker. This worker is attached to the guardrails of the cherry picker by means of a harness.

Supervisor responsibilities include; arrest equipment and scaffold machines

Ensure worker is adequately trained to perform job tasks Make sure the scaffold is stable with hoisted supported and the wheels are locked to ensure safe lifting of the worker to the desired height Before allowing the worker to even enter the scaffold, identify if they are wearing all the required harnesses and effective PPE

25

identifies a worker climbing into a mobile scaffold. This is not safe working ethic as nts occur when workers are climbing up or down

(3). The appropriate way to climb a scaffold is with the use of a ladder and the workers must

A cherry picker and mobile scaffold is being used to install the shingles on the outside of the facility. Not only are the wheels locked, the mobile scaffold is also held in place by iron poles to

d level overseeing the tasks of the workers. As we can see, there is a worker in the cherry picker. This worker is attached to the

Make sure the scaffold is stable with hoisted supported and the wheels are locked to

ven enter the scaffold, identify if they are wearing all the

Figure 21 - Potential Hazard (Too many mobile scaffold in one area) (3:56) As seen in Figure 21, the workers are raised using the scaffolds to fit the inframe of the building system. The immediate danger that is noticed is the close proximity of the machinery, therefore extra caution is recommended for all workers employed in this task. Workers should never raise the scaffold in a tempomachine should always be locked and stationary when the scissor lift increases its height, the worker must be secured with the appropriate fall arrest equipment. The precautionary measure as described above for scaffold use are recommended for this task as well with added caution for close proximity work.

Potential Hazard (Too many mobile scaffold in one area) (3:56)

21, the workers are raised using the scaffolds to fit the insulation within the frame of the building system. The immediate danger that is noticed is the close proximity of the machinery, therefore extra caution is recommended for all workers employed in this task. Workers should never raise the scaffold in a temporary and unstable position of the machine. The machine should always be locked and stationary when the scissor lift increases its height, the worker must be secured with the appropriate fall arrest equipment. The precautionary measure as

r scaffold use are recommended for this task as well with added caution for

26

sulation within the frame of the building system. The immediate danger that is noticed is the close proximity of the machinery, therefore extra caution is recommended for all workers employed in this task.

rary and unstable position of the machine. The machine should always be locked and stationary when the scissor lift increases its height, the worker must be secured with the appropriate fall arrest equipment. The precautionary measure as

r scaffold use are recommended for this task as well with added caution for

Figure 22 - Worker Harness Example (4:12) The worker in Figure 22, is wearing a “RITEto the scaffold. Procedure for harness application include:

● Wear the harness as intended and secure to the body of the worker● The harness must be inspected for any damage or wear by the supervisor● Attach a connecting lanyard to the D

shoulder blades ● The worker will safely climb into the scaffold or power lift● Lanyard must be secured to the connecting point on the scaffold and must be inspected to

be able to hold When the worker is safely secured and wearing theas required. The scaffold can only be raised when the mobility of the wheels are locked and the scaffold in stable on the ground. These safety measures will allow the worker to perform the job tasks at height with minimal risks of injuries/harm. If all protective measures are followed, slips, trips, and falls can be significantly reduced for workers that faced dangerous conditions on the mobile platform.

Worker Harness Example (4:12)

is wearing a “RITE-ON” harness that they will use to be firmly secured

Procedure for harness application include: Wear the harness as intended and secure to the body of the worker The harness must be inspected for any damage or wear by the supervisor Attach a connecting lanyard to the D-ring located on the back of the harness between the

The worker will safely climb into the scaffold or power lift Lanyard must be secured to the connecting point on the scaffold and must be inspected to

When the worker is safely secured and wearing the appropriate PPE, the platform will be raised as required. The scaffold can only be raised when the mobility of the wheels are locked and the scaffold in stable on the ground. These safety measures will allow the worker to perform the job

ith minimal risks of injuries/harm. If all protective measures are followed, slips, trips, and falls can be significantly reduced for workers that faced dangerous conditions on the

27

ON” harness that they will use to be firmly secured

the harness between the

Lanyard must be secured to the connecting point on the scaffold and must be inspected to

appropriate PPE, the platform will be raised as required. The scaffold can only be raised when the mobility of the wheels are locked and the scaffold in stable on the ground. These safety measures will allow the worker to perform the job

ith minimal risks of injuries/harm. If all protective measures are followed, slips, trips, and falls can be significantly reduced for workers that faced dangerous conditions on the

Figure 23 - Simultaneous Mobile Scaffold Use (4:20) As mentioned earlier in the description for Figure 21 immediate danger that is noticed in Figure 23, is also the close proximity of the machinery. To ensure adequate stability, the scaffold must be secured by a structure if the height of the scaffold exce(minimum). This is to ensure the scaffolds are protected from any chance of tipping causing injury to the worker or damage to the building/machines. It is recommended that scaffolds aren’t used so close to each other where thmachines. This would cause a domino effect in accidents leading to a devastating outcome. Therefore strict rules should be implemented to ensure all work processes are completed safely and is within legal compliance.

Simultaneous Mobile Scaffold Use (4:20)

As mentioned earlier in the description for Figure 21 immediate danger that is noticed in Figure is also the close proximity of the machinery. To ensure adequate stability, the scaffold must

be secured by a structure if the height of the scaffold exceeds 3 times the base dimension (minimum). This is to ensure the scaffolds are protected from any chance of tipping causing injury to the worker or damage to the building/machines. It is recommended that scaffolds aren’t used so close to each other where they might come into contact with other nearby workers or machines. This would cause a domino effect in accidents leading to a devastating outcome. Therefore strict rules should be implemented to ensure all work processes are completed safely

28

As mentioned earlier in the description for Figure 21 immediate danger that is noticed in Figure is also the close proximity of the machinery. To ensure adequate stability, the scaffold must

eds 3 times the base dimension (minimum). This is to ensure the scaffolds are protected from any chance of tipping causing injury to the worker or damage to the building/machines. It is recommended that scaffolds aren’t

ey might come into contact with other nearby workers or machines. This would cause a domino effect in accidents leading to a devastating outcome. Therefore strict rules should be implemented to ensure all work processes are completed safely

Figure 24 - Cement Pouring (4:44) Figure 24, shows the pouring of the cement to create the ground flooring of the building system. Procedures, hazards, and safety measures for pouring cement include:

● Ensure that the area is clear● All necessary PPE (hardhats, heavy duty steel toe shoes, and work gloves) are required

to be worn as indicated by manufacturer's orders ● The supervisors on duty must ensure proper safety procedures are

pouring and leveling the cement● Possible contact with the rotating drum of the concrete pouring machine or the funneling

tray can result in injury/harm to the worker● Workers must work in a synchronized manner to ensure the workflow and j

completed without any risk to the workers or the building system● Spill response plan must be established prior to the procedure in the event of a spill of

cement into an unintended location● All workers must be adequately trained to perform machi

work tasks

Cement Pouring (4:44)

shows the pouring of the cement to create the ground flooring of the building system.

Procedures, hazards, and safety measures for pouring cement include:

Ensure that the area is clear of any debris or tools that are not stored awayAll necessary PPE (hardhats, heavy duty steel toe shoes, and work gloves) are required to be worn as indicated by manufacturer's orders The supervisors on duty must ensure proper safety procedures are being followed for pouring and leveling the cement Possible contact with the rotating drum of the concrete pouring machine or the funneling tray can result in injury/harm to the worker Workers must work in a synchronized manner to ensure the workflow and jcompleted without any risk to the workers or the building system Spill response plan must be established prior to the procedure in the event of a spill of cement into an unintended location All workers must be adequately trained to perform machinery use and safely perform the

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shows the pouring of the cement to create the ground flooring of the building system.

of any debris or tools that are not stored away All necessary PPE (hardhats, heavy duty steel toe shoes, and work gloves) are required

being followed for

Possible contact with the rotating drum of the concrete pouring machine or the funneling

Workers must work in a synchronized manner to ensure the workflow and job task is

Spill response plan must be established prior to the procedure in the event of a spill of

nery use and safely perform the

Figure 25 - Hydraulic Arm for Pouring Concrete (4:51) As shown in Figure 25, a hydraulic arm is being controlled to pour concrete into the empty ground. The hydraulic arm is being operated by a trained and compthe concrete pouring through the hose is immense and requires aw worker to position and absorb its shock. The dangers from this work process includes:

● Loss of control of pouring hose● Contact of hose or hydraulic arm with wo● Slips, Trips, and Falls from unstable surfaces● Injury caused by improper or lack of PPE use

All the workers were wearing necessary PPE such as hard hats and foot protection. The concrete did not pose a breathing hazard because there an airborne particulates. Supervisor responsibilities for this task include:

● Ensure all workers are adequately trained to perform the job tasks and operate the required machinery

● Make sure all workers are wearing the necessary PPE effectively ● Supervise the work process to ensure all workers are safely performing job tasks● Stop the work process in the case of an accident/injury of a worker or damage to the

workplace

Hydraulic Arm for Pouring Concrete (4:51)

As shown in Figure 25, a hydraulic arm is being controlled to pour concrete into the empty ground. The hydraulic arm is being operated by a trained and competent individual. The force of the concrete pouring through the hose is immense and requires aw worker to position and absorb

The dangers from this work process includes: Loss of control of pouring hose Contact of hose or hydraulic arm with work or building system Slips, Trips, and Falls from unstable surfaces Injury caused by improper or lack of PPE use

All the workers were wearing necessary PPE such as hard hats and foot protection. The concrete did not pose a breathing hazard because there were fans on the other side of the area that cleared

Supervisor responsibilities for this task include: Ensure all workers are adequately trained to perform the job tasks and operate the

are wearing the necessary PPE effectively Supervise the work process to ensure all workers are safely performing job tasksStop the work process in the case of an accident/injury of a worker or damage to the

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As shown in Figure 25, a hydraulic arm is being controlled to pour concrete into the empty etent individual. The force of

the concrete pouring through the hose is immense and requires aw worker to position and absorb

All the workers were wearing necessary PPE such as hard hats and foot protection. The concrete were fans on the other side of the area that cleared

Ensure all workers are adequately trained to perform the job tasks and operate the

Supervise the work process to ensure all workers are safely performing job tasks Stop the work process in the case of an accident/injury of a worker or damage to the

Figure 26 - Safe Ladder Use (5:02) Figure 26, shows workers using different types of ladder. Most falls take place while workers are either getting on or off the ladder. Workers should not carry any tool when climbing a ladder instead a three point contact must be established (which means two feet one hand) to maintain balance on the ladder at all time. Workers must face the ladder when climbing and area surrounding the ladder should be clear of extension cords, debris, or any tool. As shown in Figure 26, two ladders are being used in various way to perform work tasks, All workers should ensure the ladders are using only in the manner as specified by the manufacturer. Workers should never load the ladder beyond the manufacturer’s suggested load. Ladder must always be secured before climbing and inspected to identify any cracks or missing planks prior to use. The ladder should be inspected periodically to check for faults and defects. If a defective ladder is identified, it should immediately be tagged out to pruntil fully repaired or replaced.

Safe Ladder Use (5:02)

shows workers using different types of ladder. Most falls take place while workers are either getting on or off the ladder. Workers should not carry any tool when climbing a ladder instead a three point contact must be established (which means using two hand and one foot or two feet one hand) to maintain balance on the ladder at all time. Workers must face the ladder when climbing and area surrounding the ladder should be clear of extension cords, debris, or any

ladders are being used in various way to perform work tasks, All workers should ensure the ladders are using only in the manner as specified by the manufacturer. Workers should never load the ladder beyond the manufacturer’s suggested load. Ladder must

ways be secured before climbing and inspected to identify any cracks or missing planks prior to use. The ladder should be inspected periodically to check for faults and defects. If a defective ladder is identified, it should immediately be tagged out to prevent other workers from using it

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shows workers using different types of ladder. Most falls take place while workers are either getting on or off the ladder. Workers should not carry any tool when climbing a ladder

using two hand and one foot or two feet one hand) to maintain balance on the ladder at all time. Workers must face the ladder when climbing and area surrounding the ladder should be clear of extension cords, debris, or any

ladders are being used in various way to perform work tasks, All workers should ensure the ladders are using only in the manner as specified by the manufacturer. Workers should never load the ladder beyond the manufacturer’s suggested load. Ladder must

ways be secured before climbing and inspected to identify any cracks or missing planks prior to use. The ladder should be inspected periodically to check for faults and defects. If a defective

event other workers from using it

Figure 27 - Exterior Finishing Touches Using mobile Scaffold (5:04) As shown in Figure 27, the exterior part of the building is almost complete. A mobile scaffold is being used to add the finishing touches to the right side of the building. The workers in the picture are wearing the necessary fall protection equipment and are trained for working at elevations in mobile scaffolds. The mobile scaffold was also inspected prior to use using same procedures outlined in Figure 8. The mobile scaffold was stabilized and the wheels were locked. Although it may not be apparent in the picture, a supervisor was always present and alert when the workers were on the mobile scaffold. It could also bscaffold is within the maximum base to height ratio. Therefore, it could be concluded that the workers are following the safe work procedures.

Exterior Finishing Touches Using mobile Scaffold (5:04)

As shown in Figure 27, the exterior part of the building is almost complete. A mobile scaffold is he finishing touches to the right side of the building. The workers in the

picture are wearing the necessary fall protection equipment and are trained for working at elevations in mobile scaffolds. The mobile scaffold was also inspected prior to use using same procedures outlined in Figure 8. The mobile scaffold was stabilized and the wheels were locked. Although it may not be apparent in the picture, a supervisor was always present and alert when the workers were on the mobile scaffold. It could also be seen that the height of the scaffold is within the maximum base to height ratio. Therefore, it could be concluded that the workers are following the safe work procedures.

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As shown in Figure 27, the exterior part of the building is almost complete. A mobile scaffold is he finishing touches to the right side of the building. The workers in the

picture are wearing the necessary fall protection equipment and are trained for working at elevations in mobile scaffolds. The mobile scaffold was also inspected prior to use using the same procedures outlined in Figure 8. The mobile scaffold was stabilized and the wheels were locked. Although it may not be apparent in the picture, a supervisor was always present and alert

e seen that the height of the scaffold is within the maximum base to height ratio. Therefore, it could be concluded that the

Figure 28 - Large Workforce Pouring Concrete (5:22) The workers are pouring concrete onto the ground which will be used as a foundation for the flooring. There is a hydraulic arm in the background which is being used to pour the concrete. There are workers operating the machinery to regulate the speed at which the concrete is being poured. If the concrete is poured too quickly, the workers may not be able to keep up with the pace of spreading the concrete evenly. If the concrete is poured too slow, the workers would not be working as efficiently as they could be and the length of the increased. As shown in Figure 28, some workers are working in an unsafe ergonomic posture. The workers are suggested to squat instead of stoop.

Large Workforce Pouring Concrete (5:22)

crete onto the ground which will be used as a foundation for the flooring. There is a hydraulic arm in the background which is being used to pour the concrete. There are workers operating the machinery to regulate the speed at which the concrete is being oured. If the concrete is poured too quickly, the workers may not be able to keep up with the

pace of spreading the concrete evenly. If the concrete is poured too slow, the workers would not be working as efficiently as they could be and the length of the construction project would be

28, some workers are working in an unsafe ergonomic posture. The workers are suggested to squat instead of stoop.

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crete onto the ground which will be used as a foundation for the flooring. There is a hydraulic arm in the background which is being used to pour the concrete. There are workers operating the machinery to regulate the speed at which the concrete is being oured. If the concrete is poured too quickly, the workers may not be able to keep up with the

pace of spreading the concrete evenly. If the concrete is poured too slow, the workers would not construction project would be

28, some workers are working in an unsafe ergonomic posture.

Figure 29 - Installing the sign of the company (5:44) In Figure 29, it can be seen that the workers are wearing eye protection to prevent glare or bright sunlight from affecting their vision. Workers can also be seen wearing a harness which has the potential to prevent any fall related injury. There are approximately 2.3 billion woron construction sites everyday and 72 percent of those workers get injured by scaffold related accidents caused by slipping and not having fall arrest system in place. Therefore, safety measure must always be ensured when working at high eleva

Figure 30 - Workers with Fall Arrest systems (5:50)

Installing the sign of the company (5:44)

seen that the workers are wearing eye protection to prevent glare or bright sunlight from affecting their vision. Workers can also be seen wearing a harness which has the potential to prevent any fall related injury. There are approximately 2.3 billion woron construction sites everyday and 72 percent of those workers get injured by scaffold related accidents caused by slipping and not having fall arrest system in place. Therefore, safety measure must always be ensured when working at high elevations.

Workers with Fall Arrest systems (5:50)

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seen that the workers are wearing eye protection to prevent glare or bright sunlight from affecting their vision. Workers can also be seen wearing a harness which has the potential to prevent any fall related injury. There are approximately 2.3 billion workers working on construction sites everyday and 72 percent of those workers get injured by scaffold related accidents caused by slipping and not having fall arrest system in place. Therefore, safety measure

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Figure 30, illustrates workers working at a height and the fall arrest system is being utilized as the construction process comes to completion. PPE such as full body harnesses shown in Figure 30, prevents the fallen worker from falling to the lower level or the ground. It can also be seen that the work platform has enough space for two workers to complete their assigned tasks simultaneously. Guard rails are also existing to prevent any chances of trip and fall. Toe boards will inhibit tools from dropping off the scaffold and potentially hurting any worker working at the ground level.

Recommendations The following recommendations have been made to Britespan to further improve their already impressive safety culture:

● For areas exceeding 85 dBA, Ontario Regulation 381/15 sec 2 sub section 7 says there needs to be a sign to signify to the workers that this area is over 85 dBA

● The workers should be trained on how to work with an ergonomically safe posture in topics such as: squatting instead of stooping, standing and lifting posture, manual materials handling, and gripping

● Some workers showed signs of depression and stress. It is suggested that they visit a physician or a physiotherapist if the problem seems to persist. Take some time off of work is another feasible option

● Old tools that have defects in them or have been damaged should be locked out and tagged out immediately then replaced with new tools

● Extension cords should only be used temporarily and must not be used as a permanent resort. If the extension cord are frayed, it should be replaced

● Workers were seen using tools for tasks that were not meant for them. Tools should only be used for their designed purpose. For example: A screwdriver was used to hammer in a screw

● Extension cord of one of the tools was lying in a puddle of water. Electrical tools and their corresponding parts should be kept dry at all times

● Near misses should be reported and documented ● Some workers have out of date training certificates that need to be renewed, such as the

driver of the compactor ● Seat belts should always be worn when operating the machines without exception

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Britespan Building Systems Inc. for being very helpful in providing us with the information on their large machinery and general information about their work place.

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References Be Your Own Contractor Training (n.d.). Basic Construction Tool List. Accessed on November

24, 2016. Retrieved from http://beyourowncontractortraining.com/free-tutorials/basic-construction-tool-list

Britespan Building Systems Inc. (n.d). Product Catalogue. Accessed on November 19, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.britespanbuildings.com/data/1/rec_docs/337_Product_Catalogue_Download.pdf

Britespan Building Systems Inc. (2013). Construction of the Britespan Building Systems Manufacturing Facility in Wingham, Ontario, Canada [Video file]. Accessed on October 12, 2016. Retrieved from www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRYmc6LvDOw

Britespan Building Systems Inc. (2016). About Britespan Building Systems Inc. Accessed on October 16, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.britespanbuildings.com/About-Us

Cornell University Law School. (2016). 29 CFR 1910.28 - Safety requirements for scaffolding.

Accessed on December 1, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/29/1910.28

Fall Protection. (n.d.). Accessed on November 26, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Region7/fallprotection/fall_protection_info.html

Infrastructure Health and Safety Association. (n.d). Scaffolds. Accessed on December 2, 2016.

Retrieved from https://www.ihsa.ca/rtf/health_safety_manual/pdfs/equipment/Scaffolds.pdf

Ministry of Labour. (2009). Guideline No. 21: Working At Heights | Safety Guidelines for the Film and Television Industry in Ontario. Accessed on November 26, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/pubs/filmguide/gl_21.php

Office of Compliance. (2010). Extension Ladders. Accessed on October 30, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.compliance.gov/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Extension-Ladders-Fast-Fact-October-2010.pdf

OSHA. (2011). Trenching and Excavation Safety. Accessed on November 2, 2016. Retrieved From https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/trench_excavation_fs.pdf

OSHAcademy. (2016). Model Safety Program. Accessed on November 21, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.oshatrain.org/courses/pdf/Scaffolding%20Safety%20Program.pdf

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Tracey Road Equipment. (2014). Compaction Safety. Accessed on November 12, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.traceyroad.com/compaction-safety/

United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Scaffolding. Accessed on November 21, 2016.

Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/scaffolding/construction.html

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Work Safe Alberta. (2012). Eye Protection at the Work Site. Accessed on November 12, 2016.

Retrieved from http://work.alberta.ca/documents/WHS-PUB-PPE007.pdf Worksafe Center. (2016). Alcohol and Substance Abuse Policy. Accessed on November 27,

2016. Retrieved from http://worksafecenter.com/safety-resources/PDF/Drug%20and%20Alcohol%20Sample%20Policy.pdf

3M (2016). 3M™ PELTOR™ Optime™ 105 Over-the-Head Earmuffs H10A HV 10 EA/Case.

Accessed on November 24, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/company-us/all-3m-products/~?N=5002385+3294755238+3294857497&Nr=language%3Aen_US&rt=rud

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Appendices

Figure 31 - Danger and Warning of operating power lifting machinery Figure 31, shows the warning sign highlighting the potential hazards during the power lifting machine operation. Failure to take the posted precautions cause serious injuries and in some causes even death.

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Figure 32 - Danger of electrocution warning displayed on boom lifts Figure 32, illustrates the dangers of electrocution while operating the boom lift. The sign mentions that they machine is not insulated. This means that if a live wire were to come in contact with the metal casing, the operator(s) would be electrocuted. The sign also mentions that there should be a clearance of 10 ft (3m) between the basket and power lines. This is because power lines are uncovered and will result in serious injury and possibly death.