sector - production of solid sustainable energy carriers ... · pdf filebelt reactor stramproy...

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant

agreement n° 282826

SECTOR - Production of Solid Sustainable

Energy Carriers from Biomass by Means of

Torrefaction

A European R&D Project funded within the Seventh

Framework Programme by the European Commission

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TORREFACTION ROADMAP

Production of Solid Sustainable Energy Carriers by Means of

Torrefaction

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SECTOR in the roadmap of torrefaction

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Proof-of-concept

• Experimentally based process

designs

• Technology identification

• Knowledge base

• Experimental infrastructures

torrefaction

• Economic evaluations full-scale

(study about 30%)

• Set-up pilot phase of

development

Prototype development

(pilot-scale evaluation)

• Pilot plants / prototype technology

• Demo technical feasibility

• Process & product characterisation

(design)


(preliminary ca. 20%)

• Business plan(s) (technical demo,

semi-commercial)

Technical demonstration

• Demonstration plants (semi-

commercial)

• Technical optimisation (refined

design)

• Product applications (logistics &

end-use)


(definite ca. <10%)

• Business plan(s) (commercial

operation)

Commercial role out

• Commercial plants (full-

operation)

• Quality control and assurance

(product)

• Best practice for sustainability

• Product standardisation

• Purchase agreements (from

energy & chemical sector)

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Woody

biomass

Time

Capacity 5-10 kg/h 30-200 kg/h 60-200 kton/a 20-50 kton/a

Proof-of-

principle

Prototype

(pilot-scale)

Commercial

role out

Technical

demonstration

Proof-of-

concept

Proof-of-

principle Proof-of-concept

Prototype

(pilot-scale)

Commercial

role out

2002

Proof-of-

principle

Technical

demonstration

2016 2018

Non-woody

biomass residues

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TORREFACTION CONCEPTS


Torrefaction

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Torrefaction reactor concepts

Existing conversion techniques require different fuel properties

Different reactor types with different process conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) are on the start or in development

Future development will show their market potential and technical feasibility

Project SECTOR is centred around four torrefaction technology options (3 pilot scale plants & 1 demo plant involved)

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Reactor technology European Technology developers & suppliers

Rotary drum CDS (UK), Torr-Coal (NL), BioEndev (SE), ACB (AT), BIO3D (FR), Atmosclear (CH), CENER (ES)

Multiple hearth furnace CMI-NESA (BE)

Screw reactor Biolake (NL), FoxCoal (NL)

Torbed reactor Topell (NL)

Moving bed reactor ECN (NL), Thermya (FR), Bühler (CH)

Belt reactor Stramproy Green (NL)

source: ECN, Kleinschmidt

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Torrefaction Technologies within SECTOR

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Characteristics: • Cylindrical reactor • Hot rotating process gas keeps raw material in motion

(creates „bed“ that is formed by biomass itself) • Quick heat-to-mass transfer • No moving parts

ECN: Moving bed reactor CENER, Umeå University: Rotary drum reactor

Topell: Torbed reactor (full scale demonstration)

Characteristics: • Moving bed torrefaction • Direct heating using recycled

torrefaction gas • Recycle boosting of torgas to

compensate for pressure drop

• Torgas utilization for internal energy demand

Characteristics: • Proven technology • indirectly heated with flue

gas • Accepts larger particles

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SECTOR - PROJECT


Torrefaction

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project brief

Collaborative project: SECTOR

Project start: 01.01.2012

Finalisation: 30.06.2015

Total budget: € 10 Million

Participants: 21 from 9 EU-countries

Coordinator: DBFZ, Germany

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a pan European consortium

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Kick-off meeting at ECN

(14-15 February 2012)

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VTT Jyväskylä and Espoo



OBJECTIVES


Torrefaction

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SECTOR objectives

Support the market introduction of torrefaction-based bioenergy carriers as a standardised commodity renewable solid fuel

Further development of torrefaction-based technologies (up to pilot-plant scale and beyond)

Development of specific production recipes, validated through extensive lab-to-industrial-scale logistics and end-use performance testing

Development and standardisation of dedicated analysis and testing methods for assessment of transport, storage, handling logistics and end-use performance and product standards for torrefied biomassa products

Assessment of the role of torrefaction-based solid bioenergy carriers in the bioenergy value chains and their contribution to the development of the bioenergy market in Europe

Full sustainability assessment of the major torrefaction-based biomass-to-end-use value chains

Dissemination of project results to industry and into international forums (e.g. EIBI, EERA, CEN/ISO, IEA and sustainability round tables)

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STRUCTURE


Torrefaction

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project structure

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WORK PACKAGES


Torrefaction

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WP1 Project Management (DBFZ, Germany)

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WP Leaders

Participating Partners

Ad

vis

ory

Bo

ard

Coordinator

Task Leaders

EC

Strategic Management

Board

Gen

eral Assem

bly

Coordination and administration of the project

Communication with European Commission

Reporting

Organisation of Project Meetings

Set-up and maintenance of project website www.sector-project.eu



WP2 Selection of relevant biomass feedstock (VTT, Finland)

Assessment of available biomass potential for production of

torrefied pellets from both forest and agricultural feedstock and of

the market demand

Selection of raw materials for the experimental work

Demand analysis including cofiring ratios and acceptable price

levels

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Poplar chips Eucalyptus chips

Prunings from olive trees

Cereal straw



WP3 Torrefaction (ECN, the Netherlands)

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Production with available demo plant Continuous operation

Production of 100-200 tons Specific feedstock

Production with available pilot scale facilities Typical test runs 50-100 hours

Typical production per test few tons 3-6 different feedstocks

Moving bed (ECN) pilot

Rotary drum (Umeå University)

pilot

Rotary drum (CENER)

pilot

Torbed (Topell) demo

Different technologies



WP4 Densification (DTI, Denmark)

Characterisation and optimisation of the densification properties of

different torrefied biomass materials according to end users

requirement based on tests in lab, bench and industrial scale

densification units (pellets and briquettes)

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Lab-scale charact. & screen. of pelletisation parameters

(DTI)

Industrial scale pelletisation

(ECN, CENER, UMEÅ, Topell)

Bench scale briquetting

(DTI, C.F. Nielsen )

Torrefied biomass (WP3)



WP5 Demonstration Tests (Topell, the Netherlands)

Production of torrefied materials and pellets at demo scale in

Topells 60 kton/a plant in Duiven, the Netherlands

Products to be used for large scale test in WP6 and WP7

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WP6 Logistics (ECN, the Netherlands)

Small-scale tests to characterise logistics performance

Outdoor storage and handling tests

Results will be used to adjust production processes

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Large scale testing of storage and handling properties at existing industrial

coal based power plants

Small scale testing of specific properties of both raw torrefied biomass as well as

pelletized or briquetted torrefied biomass

Transport, storage and handling

Stefan Dusan – 4th annual biomass and bioenergy forum (Vienna, Sep. 2011)



WP7 End-use (University of Stuttgart, Germany)

Evaluation of the end-use applications of

torrefied biomass in different application

areas:

• Medium-to-large scale firing and cofiring in

pulverized-fuel boilers

• Medium-to-large scale gasification and co-

gasification in entrained-flow gasifiers,

and

• Small scale combustion in commercial

pellet boilers.

• Production of bio-chemicals or bio-

materials

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WP8 Fuel specification & lab analysis (OFI, Austria)

Verification, development and

application of analysis methods to

access fuel properties

Development of a Material Safety

Data Sheet (MSDS)

Preparation of CEN and ISO product

and quality assurance standards

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WP 9 Value chains and sustainability (DBFZ, Germany)

Within SECTOR three different assessment areas are

covered:

• Socio-economic assessment

• Environmental assessment

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Inventory indicators

Inventory data

Characterisation

- unclear cause-effect

- aggregation

- scoring/weighting

- use of PRPs

Characterisation

- cause-effect link

- (aggregation)

- modeling impact

pathway

Midpoint category indicatorSubcategory indicator

Impact category Endpoint category

Type 1 Type 2

Cost-efficiency

ENVIRONMENT

SOCIETYECONOMY

Technical-efficiency /-compatibility

Security of supply

Environmental & climate protection

Creation of value

Impact pathways of the UNEP methodology



WP10 Cooperation and Dissemination of project results

(DBFZ, Germany)

Dissemination of project results through

• Workshops

• Website

• International Networks and Platforms and standardisation

committees (mainly ISO/TC 238)

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Market integration

Generally initiate developments in the

market outside of SECTOR

Show advantages of torrefied fuels and

wake interest

Set it on the political agenda for the

needed framework Get feedback from the market about aspects yet to be covered or changed within the

project

Prepare market launch by staying in

touch with stakeholders



SUMMARY


Torrefaction

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Summary

Torrefaction process:

• accepts many types of ligno-cellulosic biomass

• offers optimised balance between energy and mass yield

• ensures more homogeneous production and constant product quality

• does not significantly reduce sulphur, chlorine and alkali concentrations

Torrefied products:

• can be directly milled and cofired with coal

• are dry and have a high net calorific value

• are brittle and easily break down into small particles

• have a high volumetric energy density significant cost savings

Worldwide there are over 50 torrefaction developers / initiatives (planning capacities between 300 500 ktons); no commercial plant exists today, but first demonstration projects are on the way (e. g. Topell from NL 60 kton/a)

European development in parallel to R&D in North America (USA/CA) this will speed up the process

Technical and commercial challenges have to be solved, e.g.:

• optimisation of torrefaction and densification process

• determination of standardised fuel properties/qualities

• minimisation of logistical and end-use risks

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thank you very much for your attention

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SECTOR General information Principal scientist Eija Alakangas tel: +358 400 542 454 [email protected] www.sector-project.eu

Experts in different workpackages WP 2 Raw material: Eija Alakangas/Martti Flyktman WP 3 Torrefaction: Carl Wilén/Vesa Arpiainen WP 4 Densification: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 6 Logistics: Timo Järvinen WP 7 End-use: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 8 Lab analysis: Leena Fagernäs/Jussi Ranta WP 8 Product standards: Eija Alakangas WP 9 & 10 Sustainability& Diss.: Eija Alakangas

pictures in this presentation: ECN, CENER, DBFZ, OFI, Topell, DTI, Stefan Dusan, University of Stuttgart, Claudia-Hautumm (pixelio), Gabi Schoenemann (pixelio),

Thomas Siepmann (pixelio), nordagrar.com, Jasper Lensselink, Museum Brunsbuettel, enjoyconstellation.com, Thermya

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