section 3 environmental impacts and remedial measures · environmental impacts and remedial...

Oxigen Environmental Ltd. EnvironmentalImpact Statement

SECTION 3

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND REMEDIAL

MEASURES

a

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Oxigen Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

0

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3.1 HIJMAN BEINGS

3.1.1 Introduction

Human beings are one of the most important elements of the ‘environment to be considered.

One of the principal concerns in the execution of a development is that the local population

experiences no significant diminution in the quality of life as a result of the development on either a temporary or permanent basis. All the effects of a development on the environment may

impinge upon human beings. Any signific&t impact on the status of humans that may be

potentially caused by a development proposal must, therefore, be comprehensively addressed.

Air quality, water quality, noise and landscape impact directly while flora, fauna and road traffic

impact indirectly.

3.1.2 Existing Environment

The existing site is located within an industrial estate, located in south west Dublin city. The

nearest private dwellings to the site are located approximately 150 m to the east of the site,

though due to the numerous other industrial premises located between the residential dwellings

and the existing site, the site is not visible from the residential house.

3.1.2 Impacts on Human Beings

(1) Noise

Noise is an identified form of air pollution and uncontrolled it can cause nuisance or a

deterioration of amenities and the quality of human life. The potential impact of the waste

baling facility on noise levels within the area is described in Section 3.7: Noise. In summary, it

is concluded that the noise levels from on-site activities will not significantly increase ambient

noise levels. Specifically, it is concluded that noise levels at the nearest sensitive location

(occupied residential premises) will not significantly deviate from the current background

daytime noise levels.

(2) Traffic

A desk based traffic impact assessment was conducted in order to assess the potential impacts of

additional traffic movements generated during operation of the waste baling facility (refer to

Section 3.8: Traffic). The proposed change in operations will initially result in an increase in the

number of traffic from 74 movements per day to 130 movements per day. Traffic impact

assessment results indicate that the waste baling facility will not have a detrimental impact on the

road network within the industrial estate.

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(3) Human Health

A variety of air pollutants have known or suspected harmful effects on human health and on

the environment. In many urban areas these pollutants have primarily been the products of

combustion from power generation or from motor vehicle traffic. The primary potential air

pollutants derived from the proposed development are detailed in Section 3.6.

Traffic derived primary pollutants include sulphur dioxide (SOz), particulate matter, lead,

oxides of nitrogen (NO,), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The objective of air pollution control is to prevent adverse responses by all receptor categories

(human, animal, plant) exposed to the atmosphere. The adverse responses have characteristic

response times - short-term (seconds or minutes), intermediate-term (hours or days) and long-

term (months or years). Pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NOz), sulphur dioxide (SO$ and

carbon monoxide (CO) can have potential health impacts. NO;! is a respiratory irritant, which

may exacerbate asthma and possibly increase susceptibility to infections. CO reduces the

capacity of the blood to carry oxygen around the body at levels >9.9 mg/m3 (8 hour average) and

this may increase the risk of problems in those with angina and disease of the coronary arteries.

At high levels, SO2 is a strong irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes, producing narrowing of the airways and stimulating coughing. While the effects are generally transient and easily

reversible in healthy people, the consequences can be more serious for people who suffer from

weakened cardio-respiratory systems.

(4) Site Structure / Land Use

Any potential impacts of the proposed activities of the waste baling facility on the existing

structural and land usage of the area are not considered significant. The overall character of the existing site landscape is that of relatively low lying land in an urban industrialised setting. The

landscape of the area will remain largely unchanged with the existing topographic features.

Therefore the change in land usage within the site is not considered a significant impact and is not

regarded as important to the area as a whole.

The layout of the site has been designed and will be operated in such a way as to inflict minimum

visual intrusion outside the boundary of the site. All developments will take place within the

conditions of the planning permission granted by South Dublin County Council.

This review is requesting a change of waste treatment activity and an increase in the volume of

waste accepted on site. As such the existing land use will not change, and it is not proposed to

construct any further infrastructure on the site.

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Following cessation of the waste baling facility, site restoration will commence in line with an

aftercare management plan specific to the site. Therefore any potential impacts of the waste

baling facility on the existing structural and land usage of the area are considered insignificant.

(5) Socio-Economic

The development will have, although limited, varied social and economic effects. These effects

may be categorised as follows:

Primary Socio-Economic Effects.

These effects are directly related to the waste baling facility itself such as changes in local

population/job creation. The job creation benefits are secondary to the development, as it is the

service provided by the development that will benefit the local and regional community. The

function of the Oxigen Environmental Ltd. baling facility will be to compact the volume of waste

being diverted to landfill, as well as reducing the impact of wind blown litter at these facilities.

The benefits of this activity are obvious with regard to the volume of waste that is directed to

landfill.

It is considered likely that the proposed development will have minimal impacts on the existing

population structure of the area.

Secondary Socio-Economic Effects.

These include those effects, which arise as a result of services required (e.g. Water Supply, etc.)

by the operation of a facility.

Electricity Supply

Electricity demands exerted by the facility will be negligible, with use restricted to

administration, and plant usage.

Water Usage

It is anticipated that the existing daily water requirement for the site will be consistent with the

volume used in the existing facility which is deemed minimal, and will be sourced from the

council mains. Process water will be restricted to use by the rotary atomisers and for vehicle

washings on site, therefore, processing related water demands will be low.

Telecommunications

The telecommunications requirement of the facility should not place the current

telecommunications network under stress.


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Foul Sewage System

It is anticipated that there will be no additional stress placed on the local foul water sewer

network.

(6) Environmental Nuisances

As with any facility that deals with waste, some environmental nuisances can occur within the site, and within the environs. Due to the distance between the nearest residence and the waste

baling facility (approximately 150 m), the impact from nuisances is deemed minimal.

However some specific measures have been adopted to combat the effect of these nuisances

which are detailed below.

Aerosol control

As it is not proposed to accept liquid wastes on site, it deemed that the production of aerosols

on site will not occur. Therefore there is no need for aerosol control at this time

Bird control

Oxigen Environmental Ltd. currently have a Environmental Management System developed

for the existing site. This system incorporates a bird control system. Waste handling

procedures on site ensure that all waste is exposed only within the waste processing building

and all stored waste is held within sealed containers and therefore not a source of food for

savaging birds.

Dust control

A procedure has been developed for the controlling of dust on site. Waste handling operations

on the site ensure that all tipping of waste occurs within the waste processing building, and

therefore on-site dust generation is restricted to the movement of traffic on site, which is

considered to be minimal. Continual checks shall be undertaken by the facility manager to

ensure that there is no excessive generation of dust on site.

Fire control

The site is fitted with two hydrants, which are connected to the water mains, and fire reels and

extinguishers are strategically placed within the waste processing building. Fire fighting

equipment is maintained on a regular basis. Fire fighting training and awareness has been

given to all members of staff on site. Management at the site has developed a emergency

response procedure for the facility, that details responsibility in the event of a fire or

emergency event.

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Uxigen Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

l Litter control

Waste handling procedures implemented at the site, the current storage practices employed,

and the strict practice of sorting of waste within the building only, ensure that waste is never

left in the open air uncovered, and as such the potential for litter escape is minimal. A daily

litter patrol of the site perimeter and access road is undertaken, where any wind blown litter is

removed and returned to site. Litter patrols are currently undertaken within the vicinity of the

site.

Odour control

Due to the waste handling procedures, the storage of waste in sealed/covered containers and

the sorting of the waste within a building it is anticipated that the potential impact of odour on

the nearest residence is minimal. Oxigen Environmental Ltd. have installed four rotary

atomisers within the waste processing building which will reduce the impact of odour at this

facility.

Roads control

Access to the facility is via a busy industrial estate road. The potential impact of the facility on

the roads will be through the generation of mud and dust. The access road is currently

routinely inspected by site personnel, and will be swept and washed down should the need

arise. Oxigen Environmental Ltd. have a number of road sweepers which are based at the

waste facility located in the adjacent I3allymount Industrial Estate. One of these vehicles can

be used in the event that an excess of mud or dust generation on the Robinhood Road. This

will minimise the impact of the facility on the local road network.

Traflc control

The site is finished with a hard standing area, which is sufficient to deal with the traffic

volumes expected at the facility. The access road is of good quality and state of repair. It is

anticipated that there will be approximately 130 traffic movements a day. It is anticipated that

the waste baling facility will not have an additional impact on the local com.munity.

Vermin control

Pest control measures that are undertaken at the facility include the setting of poison by an

independent specialist pest control company throughout the site. Fly nuisance is minimised by

the rapid removal of degradable waste off-site, the washing of the floor within the building

with disinfectant and the covering of all stored waste on site.

Bord na A&ha, Technical Services Page 34

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0 3.2 FLORA & FAUNA

3.2.1 Introduction

This chapter assesses the potential impacts of the proposed change in the existing on-site waste

activities and the increase in the quantity of waste accepted at the facility on the habitats of flora

and fauna. This approach and methodology of the survey was undertaken in accordance with the

EPA Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (2002).

The habitats present are described in their current status and an evaluation of the conservation

value is also given. Vegetation and faunal surveys were undertaken in order to establish if any

sensitive or protected species were present; and to determine the potential impacts on adjoining

lands and/or any designated lands located adjacent to the proposed development.

a In compiling this chapter, due regard was given to relevant legislation pertaining to flora and

fauna assessment. This included :

l Wildlife Act, 1976,

. EC Council Directive on the Conservation of wild birds (Birds Directive - 1979)

. European Communities (Conservation of Wild Birds) Regulations, 1985 to 1999

m EC Council Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats of Wild Fauna and

Flora (Habitats Directive - 1992)

1 European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations, 1997

n Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000.

m And relevant protection Orders,

3.2.2 Description of the Receiving Environment

0 The existing waste facility consists of a terrain for the most part flat and consisting entirely of

hardstand finished with concrete.

Surface water run-off from the site discharges into the Robinhood stream via an on-site silt trap

and oil interceptor, which flows in the County Council underground surface water network

adjacent to the site. The Robinhood stream discharges into the Camac River, which has been

designated a salmonid river.

As the site is covered entirely with hardstand, there is no flora present on the site. Fauna adjacent

to the site would be limited to a few urban birds such as rook (Cow~sfrzl,oile~,s), blackbird

(Turdus merula), robin (Evithacus rubecula), and woodpigeon (ColumbapaZumbus).

Bord na M6na, Technical Services Page 35

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l 3.2.3 Conservation Value and Designated Areas

Nature conservation within the Republic. of Ireland

Nature conservation in the Republic of Ireland is been governed by the Wildlife Act 1976 and

the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. The basic national designation for wildlife is the Natural Heritage Area (NHA), which have been in force in Ireland since the initial designation in 1995.

However it was not until the enactment of the Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000 that NHAs were

be legally protected from damage. There are approx. 1200 proposed NHAs in Ireland, to which the process of formal designation commenced in 2002.

Nature conservation within European Commtitv

Two major pieces of European legislation on nature conservation and the designation of site have

adopted by all member states. This legislation is EC Council Directive on the conservation of

0 wild birds, 1979 (Birds Directive), and the EC Council Directive on the Conservation of Natural

Habitats of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1992 (Habitats Directive).

Under the Birds Directive, Ireland is obliged to protect the habitats of birds, which are vulnerable

to habitat change or to low population numbers.’ Aspects of habitat protection include pollution,

deterioration of habitat and disturbance, with identified habitats designated as Special Protection

Areas (SPA). Under the Habitats Directive habitats that have either international or community interest are given legal protection. This directive seeks to establish ‘Natura 2000’, a network of

protected areas throughout the European Community, through the designation of areas as Special

Areas of Conservation (SACS).

Designated sites within 1Okm of proposed development site

Natural Heritage Areas:

There are three Natural Heritage Areas within 10 km of the proposed development site; which

are:

Table 3.2/l: Areas of Conservation in the vicinity of the site

Name Designation Site No.

Liffey Valley PNHA 00128

Grand Canal PNHA 02104

Dodder Valley PNHA 00991 (Source: Table 13. IO of the Draft Development Plant 2004 - 2010)

Distance from site

3.8 km north

1.1 km north

3.6 lun south east

Special Protection Areas:

There are no SPAS within the vicinity of the proposed development site.

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Special Areas of Conservation:

There are no SACS within the vicinity of the proposed development site.

Conservation value of existiw site

As there are no habitats located on the site, it is deemed that the conservation value of the site is

negligible.

3.2.4 Potential Impacts of the Development

It is deemed that there will be no impact from the development

a 3.2.5 Proposed Mitigation Measure

As there is no impact it is deemed that there is no need for a mitigation measure at this time.

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3.3 SOIL & GEOLOGY

3.3.1 Introduction

This section examines the type of soils and geology underlying the site. It also addresses

the impact of the proposed development on soils and geology.

3.3.2 Study Assessment and Methodology

There were no intrusive ground investigations undertaken as part of this study. The site is

completely covered by impervious hardstand i.e. concreted. The site is located within an

industrial business park area, and has been used for waste activities since 1999. Prior to

this the lands were occupied by the County Council, which utilised the site initially as a

pumping station for Walkinstown village and later as a washing depot for County

Council waste vehicles. Historic quarrying activities have occurred on the lands

adjoining the site, prior to the 1940’s. The extent of this quarrying is unknown and the

lands were subsequently back filled.

Desk-based information on the substrata underlying the proposed development site was

obtained through the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) and from information held on

files within Bard na Mona Environmental Ltd., and Oxigen Environmental Ltd.


Soils/Subsoils Currently, the site is covered by an impervious hardstand cover and there is no exposed

soil/green area on site. As detailed above, the site is adjoining an area of historic

quarrying and the site itself may have had been subject to quarry activities in the past. As

a result of this, the subsoil beneath the site may have been alternated.

Historic geological maps of the area, identify the natural Quaternary sediments

underlying the site as glacial tills which vary from loose aggregate to the firm sandy

gravely clays (Dublin Till).

Well cards from the Clondalkin region records a depth to bedrock of between 3 & 16 m

below ground level (bgl). Depth to bedrock is though to lie at ca. 4-6 metres beneath the

site.


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l

Bedrock Geology Published Geological data of the study area identify the bedrock geology as the Calp

Limestones of Lower Carboniferous period, as shown in figure 3.34 overleaf.

Figure 3.3/l: Geology of Kildare - Wicklow (GSI 1994)

The Calp Formation formation was formed in the deep waters of the Dublin basin and

are reportedly Chadian to Brigantian in age. The formation is reported as a dark grey,

fine grained, graded limestones with interbedded black, poorly fossiliferous shales. The

Clondalkin Formation, within the immediate vicinity of the site, is karistified and

dolomitised in certain areas.

Structurally these rocks, dip at 80 towards the east/southeast with a north-south strike.

There are no major faults reported in the region.

Quality of the Subsurface The site and its immediate surrounds have been historically used for quarrying activities,

which have been subsequently restored (backfilled). The nature and extent of the

quarrying activities are unknown at this time and as such there is the potential for

previous contamination of the subsurface.

3.3.4 Potential Impacts of the Proposed Development

As there are no geological features of any significance present at or beneath the site, the

proposed development will have no impact on local geology.

Currently the development is constructed with a hardstand cover over the entire site.

There will be no direct discharges to the subsoil as part of this development and it is

therefore considered that there will be no impacts to the underlying subsurface. Clean

surface waters are directed into the surface water drainage system on site and discharged

into the nearby waterway. Foul waters are directed into the county council sewer system.


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0xigen Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

3.3.5 Mitigation Measures

All wastes and tiels will be stored in fXly bunded areas in accordance with relevant

environmental guidelines and recognised standards. All bunds will be tested in

accordance with the waste licence conditions. In addition, oil absorbent materials will be

kept on site in close proximity to any fuel storage tanks or bowsers during site

development works. The refuelling of plant will be undertaken in a designated area,

which will be fully contained to prevent spillage into the surface water network.

All wastes being delivered to or removed from site will be loaded/unloaded within the fully bunded waste processing building.


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l 3.4 HYDROLOGY

3.4.1 Introduction

The site is located within the River Camac sub-cat&me& which is in turn located within the

upper catchment of the River Liffey (hydrometric area no. 9). High intensity industrial and

commercial areas exist throughout the Camac sub-catchment, indicating low land permeability

and rapid run-off of surface water in the area.

The closest surface water body to the site is the Robinhood Stream (also known as the

Ballymount Stream), which flows 4OOm east of the site at its closest point to the site. This stream

flows in a northerly direction into the River Camac, which is located approximately 600 m to the

north of the facility. The River Camac, which is also culverted in places, is a tributary of the

River Liffey and enters the Liffey at Heuston Station approximately Sian east of the confluence

of the Robinhood Stream and the River Camac. There is no surface water body located within or

immediately adjacent to the site.

The only discharge to surface water f?om the site is uncontaminated surface water, which is

discharged via local authority storm water sewer into the culverted Robinhood Stream and

consequently the River Camac.

3.4.2 Baseline Surface Water Assessment

A baseline water quality assessment was carried out in August 2004. The objective of the

baseline assessment was to assess the existing nature and quality of surface waters in the

vicinity of the waste transfer and processing facility at Robinhood.

The following sources of information were used in the baseline surface water assessment:

3 The national river quality survey managed by the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA).

3 Analysis of a surface water sample taken in the vicinity of the site for key chemical

parameters.

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Ox&en Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

Surface Water Sampling Locations

EPA baseline data on River Camac:

The EPA (and previous predecessor agencies) has conducted chemical and biological surveys

of the rivers of Ireland since 1986. Results of these surveys can be found on the EPA’s

website (www.epa.ie) or fkom relevant publications.

The River Camac is the receiving water for the Robinhood Stream, which contains the

discharge from the local authority sewer serving the site. The River Camac is monitored by

the EPA at a number of monitoring stations. The River Camac monitoring station at Riverside Estate Bridge (station No. 0310) is located approximately 3km upstream of the

entry point of the Robinhood Stream. Approximately 1.5 ktn downstream of this discharge

point is the River Camac Kylemore Road Bridge monitoring station (station no. 0400). Both

chemical and biological rating results are available for the Kylemore Road Bridge, while only

biological data are available for the Riverside Estate Bridge location.

Baseline data from surface water sampling of Robinhood Stream:

Surface water sampling of the Robinhood Stream was undertaken in the site area, with one

sample (SW-l) taken downstream of the entry point of the local authority sewer serving the

site.

II TABLE 3.4/l SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOCATIONS II

Sample

Point

Reference Location Justification

Robinhood Stream approx. 200m

SW-1 downstream of entry point of local

authority storm water sewer serving the site.

I

To determine the water quality within the Robinhood Stream downstream of the

entry point of the local authority storm sewer serving the site.

Bard na M&a, Environmental Consultancy Sewices Page 42

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Chemical and Biological Results

EPA results for River Camac:

Both chemical and biological quality results are available for the Kylemore Road Bridge

monitoring station, while only biological quality results are available for Riverside Estate

Bridge monitoring station. Table 3.4/2 below provides a summary of the chemical analysis for the Kylemore Road Bridge station location, obtained from sampling undertaken between

1998 and 2000 and published by the EPA. Table 3.4/3 provides biological quality results for

both locations as published by the EPA.

TABLE~.~/~GENERAL,CHEMICALANALYSISRESULTSFORRWERCA.MACAT

KYLEMOREROADBRIDGE (0400) from1998to2000

No. of Range of Range of Range of

Parameter Minimum Median samples

Maximum

Values values Values

pH (pH units) 220 4.2-8.3 4.6-8.3 6.2-8.6

Conductivity (@S/cm) 217 24-685 3 O-702 34-802

Total Ammonia (mg/l) 203 o-0.05 O-O.24 o-o.9

Un-Ionised Ammonia (as N mg/l) 201 0-0.001 o-0.007 o-0.033

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 218 4.6-13.4 6.9-13.4 7.8-14.7

Dissolved Oxygen (% Saturation) 218 45-103 70-104 80-127

Temperature (“C) 222 4.1-14.4 4.1-14.7 4.1-18.9

Ortho-Phosphate (mg/l as P) 219 o-0.07 O-O.23 o-o.51

TABLE 3.4/3 BIOLOGICALANALYSISRESULTS FORRIVERCAMAC(Q-RATINGS)

Year Riverside Estate Bridge Kylemore Road Bridge

1988 2-3 2-3

1989 2-3 1

1990 3 1

1991 3 2

1994 Not sampled 1

1996 2-3 1

1998 2-3 3

2002 3 Not sampled

’ A Q-rating of 5 indicates pristine conditions, a Q-rating of 4 indicates clean conditions, a Q-rating of 3-4 indicates slightly polluted

conditions, a Q-rating of 3 or 2-3 indicates moderately polluted conditions and a Q rating of 2, 1-2 or 1 indicates seriously polluted

conditions.

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Results from surface water sampling of Robinhood Stream:

A surface water sample was collected from the Robinhood Stream using standard sampling

procedures and was submitted for laboratory chemical analysis. The results of the analysis are

detailed in Tables 3.4/4 to 3.4/7.

Parameter

pH (PH units)

Conductivity pS/cm @ 25OC

BOD (TCMP) rn$

COD mg/l

TABLE 3.4/4 GENERALCHEMICALANALYSISRESULTSFOR R~BINHOODSTREAM

(SW-l)

SW-1

8.4

568

<2

cl0

Guideline Limit Value

>6-<9l

1,000 L

<St

402

Ammonia as N mg/l

Total Alkalinity as CaC03

i-g/l Chloride mg/l

Nitrite as N rn@

0.04 <l l

m 198

24.9 250

co.02 co.05 l I I

Or&o-Phosphate as P mg/l 1 0.06

Nitrate as N mg/l

TOC mg/l

Sulphate mg/l

Fluoride mg/l

1.15 502

<5

55.0 200

0.2 1.0”

Note ’ European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations, SI. 293 of 1988

NoteZ European Communities (Quality of Surface Water Intended For The Abstraction Of Drinking Water)

Regulations, S.1294 of 1989.

Note 3 Values in bold are in excess of guideline values

- Limit value unavailable

Bard na Mdna, Environmental Consultancy Services

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TABLE~.~/~ METALSCAN RE~ULTSFOR ROBINHOOD STREAM (SW-l)

Parameter (mg/l)

Beryllium

SW-1

co.02

Guideline Limit Value

AluIniniLlm 0.20

chromium co.02 o.052

Manganese

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Arsenic

0.04 o.052

co.02 -

0.06

co.02 o.052

0.11 32

co.02

Selenium

Silver

co.02 0.012

co.02 -

Cadmium I I

x0.02 o.oo52

Lead

Antimony

co.02 o.ozi2

co.02

Barium 0.32 1.02

Iron 1.7 2.02

Boron

Mercury

0.58 o.22

co.01 0.0012

TABLE 3.4/6 CATION RESULTS FOR ROBINHOOD STREAM (SW-l)

Parameter (mg/l) SW-1 Guideline Limit Value

sodium 18 -

Magnesium

Potassium

9.7 -

2.0

Calcium 87

TABLE 3.4/7 ORGANIC RESULTS FOR ROBINHOOD STREAM (SW-l)

Parameter @g/l) SW-1 Guideline Limit Value

DRO <lo 50

Mineral Oil Cl0 50

Note1 European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations, SI. 293 of 1988

me2 European Communities (Quality of Surface Water Intended For The Abstraction Of Drinking Water)

Regulations, S.1294 of 1989.

me ’ Values in bold are in excess of guideline values

Limit value unavailable


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Oxigen Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement’

Interpretation of Results

The European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations, SI. No. 293 of 1988

is the principal means of evaluating surface water in Ireland, therefore, a comparison follows

between results obtained and the aforementioned Regulations. In the absence of guideline

limit values for some parameters, reference is made to the European Communities (Quality of

Surface Water Intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water) Regulations, S.1 No. 294 of

1989. The latter has only limited applicability in practice, as most streams/surface waters will

never be used for abstraction as drinking water. Therefore, the guideline limit values specified in the latter regulations are to be used for indicative purposes only.

EPA River Camac results:

The results published by the EPA detailed in Table 3.4/2 show that some of the water

samples from the River Camac do not meet the surface water standards as detailed in

European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations (S.I. 293 of 1988). The

range of pH and dissolved oxygen results included maximurn, minimum and median values

outside their respective guideline values. The range of maximum total arnmonia also included

values outside the limit value. Based on these results, the overall chemical quality of the water

is considered poor-medium.

The most recent biological results published by the EPA, as detailed in Table 3.4/3 indicate

that the river is moderately polluted upstream (namely at the Riverside Estate Bridge), with a

marginal improvement in quality at the Kylemore Road Bridge. It is noted, however, that these recent improvements in upstream water quality follow a long-term classification as

“seriously polluted’.

Results from surface water sampling of Robinhood Stream:

The surface water sampling point is located downstream of the facility’s discharge point and

the results are presented in Tables 3.4/4 - 3.4/7.

Chemical parameters associated with organic pollution, namely Arnmonia (0.04 mg/l) and

Nitrate (1.15 mg/l), were detected at concentrations below the relevant guideline values; while

parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BODs) (<2 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD) (~10 mg/l), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (~5 mg/l), and Nitrite (~0.02 mg/l)

were below the laboratory limit of detection. This would suggest that the stream at this

location is relatively uncontaminated.

The anion (namely Chloride, Sulphate and Fluoride) and cation (namely Calcium, Sodium,

Magnesium and Potassium) results were detected at low concentrations, and were well below

their respective guideline values.


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binen Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

The metal scan indicated that all metal parameters, with the exception of Boron, were well

below the limit values. The Boron (0.58 mg/l) result was only marginally above the guideline value, of 0.2 mg/l, a value derived for the quality of surface water intended for the abstraction

of drinking water and as noted above, used here for indicative purposes only.

Diesel Range Organics and Mineral Oil were not detected at concentrations above the

laboratory limit of detection, again indicating that the stream at this location is relatively

uncontaminated.

3.4.3 Potential Impacts of the Proposed Development

The proposed development includes for the installation and operation of an extended surface

water drainage system as shown in Drawing D.l in Appendix 2. There will be no noticeable

increase in the volume of surface waters discharged from the site as the site is already covered

with hardstanding (concrete and asphalt). Foul water, drainage water from the weighbridges,

water fi-om vehicle and bin washing and runoff from the baling building is collected

separately and discharged to the County ,Council foul water sewer system.

The clean surface water drainage system is fitted with an oil interceptor and silt trap, which

would remove any potential silt or oil from the surface water prior to discharge off-site. The

oil interceptor has an automatic shut-off valve fitted which will stop emissions to the local

surface water network if oil is detected in the run-off.

Surface water discharge is monitored on a quarterly basis, in compliance with the facility’s

waste licence (Waste Licence Register No. 152-1). Tables 3.4/8 and 3.4/9 below summarise

recent surface water monitoring results, as provided by Oxigen Environmental. These results

are compared with the licence limits and any exceedences are highlighted in bold type.

The results indicate that in general, surface water emissions Tom the site are within licenced

limits. Although there were some exceedences of suspended solids in 2002 and early 2003, by

late 2003 these had returned to below the licence limits. One exceedence of mineral oil was

noted in February 2003; as the installation of the interceptor was after this date, reoccurrences

of this exceedance are not expected to occur, assuming that the interceptor is maintained in

line with best management practices.


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l Oxigeil Emironnrental Ltd.

l 0 Environmental Impact Statement

Table 3.4/S Surface Water Monitoring Results - 2002

Parameter Licence April 02 April 02 June 02 June 02 August 02 August 02 December 02

Limits (Sample 1) (Sample 2) (Sample 1) (Sample 2) (Sample 1) (Sample 2) (Sample 1)

BOD @g/L) 20 15.8 14.9 15.8 0.59 2.67 3.19 1.2

Suspended Solids

(wm 30 14 15 18 6 10.7 43.3 22

pH (pH units) 6-9 8.34 7.21 7.46 7.38 7.01 6.86 7.4

Mineral Oils

(wm 5 co.2 co.2 0.37 0.35 0.63 0.58 co.2

Oils, Fats and

Grease (ingIL) 10 co.33 co.33 cl.0 0.33 0.7 0.67 co.33

Table 3.4/9 Surface Water Monitoring Results - 2003

Parameter Licence February April March 03 March 03 July 03 July 03 October December 03

Limits 03 03 (Sample 1) (Sample 2) (Sample 1) (Sample 2) 03

BOD (mg/L) 20 11 <2 5.2 6.3 K2.0 c2.0 2.4 <2

Suspended Solids

@g/L) 30 542 13 85 66 42 11 30 12

pH (pH units) 6-9 7.59 7.5 7.53 7.36 7.07 7.76 7.46 7.16

Mineral Oils

(mg/L) 5 9.6 0.31 1.51 1.35 0.5 4.5 co.2 co.2

Oils, Fats and

Grease (iiig/L) 10 3 co.33 co.33 co.33 8.33 5.33 co.33 co.33

Bard na M&m, Techieal Services Page 48

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The potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed development at Robinhood

Industrial Estate on the local surface water regime are considered below:

l Given the nature of activities on site and vehicle movements required to successfully

operate the site, the potential exists for uncontrolled discharge of materials such as

fuels, lubricants and hydraulic fluids to the surface water drainage network.

Imprudent storage and handling of such oil-based materials and waste can result in

uncontrolled discharges that can significantly impact on the receiving environment.

l There is potential for run-off fi-om waste to enter to the surface water drainage system

and potentially affect water quality in the area.

l There is also the potential that in the event of a fire at the facility, fire-fighting water

that may contain contamination could be discharged to the surface water drainage

system.

It is considered that with the implementation of mitigation measures detailed in Section 3.4.4,

these potential impacts are unlikely to occur.

It is noted that, based on monitoring results of surface water discharge and surface water

sampling in the area, the current operation of the site is not impacting adversely on water

quality in the area.


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3.4.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures

Surface water discharge fiom the site comprises only uncontaminated run-off from hard

standing and roofs. The following mitigation measures will be put in place to ensure that

there is no impact from site activities on the hydrology in the area.

l Surface water run-off from the site is passed through a silt trap and oil/water

interceptor, before entering the Robinhood Stream and subsequently the River

Camac. This ensures that surface water discharged is within the site’s licensed limits

and has minimal potential to impact adversely on the hydrology in the site area.

l A single diesel tank is used to store.cliesel for on-site equipment. This tank is bunded

with a bund that conforms to the standard bunding specification (BS8007-1987) with

the capacity of holding 110% of the tank capacity. A paved area is provided around

the storage tank for fuel dispensing. Lubricants, gear oils and other potentially

hazardous substances will be stored on bunded shelves or portable bunded units

within the shed to the east of the waste processing building.

l Spill kits (absorbent materials) will be located at strategic positions throughout the

facility and in the unlikely event of a spill, will be employed to prevent any spilled

material entering the surface water system. The relevant members of staff have

received spill prevention and containment training.

l In order to manage the risk of contaminated fire-fighting water impacting on the

surface water drains and the consequent potential for impact to the hydrology in the

area, the emergency response procedures for the facility contains provisions to protect

surface water from fire-fighting water. This includes plans for the use of absorbent booms to protect surface water drains from fire-fighting water. In addition, the risk of

fire is reduced through the implementation of the site’s fire prevention policy.

l All baling operations will be carried out in the main building, and any run-off or

wash-down generated inside this building will be discharged to the foul water

drainage system rather than to surface water. In addition, drainage water from the

weighbridge sump, jet-washing of vehicle is discharged to the foul water system.

Routing of water from these activities to the foul drainage system, in addition to the

procedure of carrying out waste operations under cover, ensures that potential for

contamination of the surface water is reduced.

l During construction of the proposed entrance to the facility, strict building practices

shall be adhered to in order to ensure that there are no uncontrolled discharges during

construction.

It is considered that with the mitigation measures described above, the site will continue

to operate without causing an adverse impact on surface water in the site area.


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a 3.5 HYDROGEOLOGY

3.5.1 Introduction

This section details the baseline quality of the underlying groundwaters existing at the

site and addresses the impact of the proposed development on the underlying

groundwaters.

3.5.2 Study and Assessment Methodology

Desk-based information on the underlying hydrogeological conditions beneath the proposed development site was obtained through the Geological Survey of Ii-eland (GSI)

and from information held on files within Bord na Mdna Environmental Ltd. and Oxigen

Environmental Ltd. There were no intrusive ground investigations undertaken as part of

this study.


l Aquifer Classification

As detailed in section 3.3 Soil/Geology, the site is underlain by the Calp Limestones

Formation (CD). This formation has been provisionally classified by the GSI as a

Bedrock Aquifer which is moderately productive only in local zones (XI).

l Groundwater Vulnerabilitv

0

Groundwater vulnerability classification are currently being produced by the GSI for

County Dublin. As part of this study, guidelines published by the GSI for mapping

vulnerability were used to define and classify the site.

Using GSI criteria for groundwater vulnerability the site has a high - moderate

vulnerability rating (moderate/low permeability subsoil with depth to bedrock: 3-6 m

bgl). It should be noted that the site is completed covered by an impervious hardstand

which provides protection to the underlying subsurface and groundwater.

l Groundwater Levels

There are no groundwater monitoring boreholes on the site and there were no intrusive

investigations carried out as part of this assessment. Groundwater is reportedly flowing

in a southeast to northwest direction towards nearby surface waters.

The surrounding area is of an industrial nature and as such in area is serviced by the

County Council mains.


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l Groundwater Duality The site and its immediate surrounds have been historically used for quarrying activities,

which have been subsequently restored (backfilled): The nature and extent of the

quarrying activities are unknown at this time and as such there is the potential for

previous contamination of the subsurface.

3.5.4 Potential Impacts from the Proposed Development

There will be no direct discharges to groundwater or any groundwater abstractions as part

of the proposed development.

Currently the development is constructed with a hardstand cover over the entire site.

There will be no direct discharges to the groundwater as part of this development and it is

therefore considered that there will be no impacts to the underlying groundwaters.

3.5.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures

There will be no emissions to groundwater from the proposed development. All wastes and other consumables will be stored in bunded areas.

Potential leachate from the handling of wastes within the building will be collected

within a dedicated drainage system and discharged to foul sewer. This will minimise the

potential for indirect emissions i.e. leaks to impact on groundwater quality.


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Oxigen Environmental Ltd, Environmental Impact Statement

3.6 AIR

3.6.1 Introduction

To determine the baseline air quality and subsequently assess the potential impact of the operational phase of the proposed Waste Bailing Facility development, the following approach

was taken:

* Identification of the potential pollutants.

l Monitoring of the above pollutants to assess the current baseline air quality levels in the

vicinity of the proposed development.

l Investigation of the potential impact to air quality during the operation of the proposed

development

l Mitigation measures to minimise against potential impacts.

3.6.2 Overview of Potential Pollutants

Traffic derived pollutants (Oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen, Volatile Organic Compounds, PM10 )

Odour, Bio-aerosols and the generation of dust are considered the main potential pollutants that may

impact on the air quality during the operation of the proposed development.

The emission of pollutants into the atmosphere continues to be one of the greatest of all pressures

on the global environment. A major component of this pressure is traffic emissions. There are a

variety of pollutants, principally oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds

and particulates that may be emitted to atmosphere from vehicles. Of importance in this case is the

generation of dust fkom the movement of vehicles on the site and its impact on the air quality. A

description of the environmental effects of each potential pollutant is provided in the following

sections (1) to (7).

(1) Sulphur Dioxide (Sod

SO2 is a corrosive acid gas, which combines with water vapour in the atmosphere to produce acid

rain. Both wet and dry deposition has been implicated in the damage and destruction of vegetation

and in the degradation of soils, building materials and watercourses. The principal source of this

gas is power stations burning fossil fuels, which contain sulphur.

(2) Oxides of Nitrogen (NO,)

The term oxides of nitrogen refers predominately to nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO&

These oxides are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen at the high temperatures generated

by fossil fuel combustion. Nitric oxide has no colour, odour, or taste and is non-toxic. In the

atmosphere it is rapidly oxidized to nitrogen dioxide by reaction with ozone. Nitrogen dioxide is a

reddish-brown gas that has a pungent, irritating odour. It absorbs light and contributes to the yellow-

brown haze sometimes seen hanging over cities. It is one of the main components of smog.

Bord na Mdna Technical Services Page 53

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Nitrogen oxides occur both naturally and from human activities. In nature, they are a result of

bacterial processes, biological growth and decay, lighting, as well as forest and grassland fires.

Road traffic is the principal source of anthropogenic nitrogen oxides and is responsible for

approximately half the emissions in Europe (‘h-eland’s Environment- A Millennium Report’ EPA

April 2000)

Nitric oxide is the most common form of NOx emitted. Nitrogen dioxide accounts for less than

10%. The amount of nitrogen dioxide emitted varies with the temperature of combustion. As the

temperature increases, so does the level of nitrogen dioxide.

NO2 has a variety of environmental impacts. At high concentrations, nitrogen dioxide is potentially toxic to plants, injuring leaves and reducing growth which, in turn, reduces crop yield. In the

presence of sunlight, it reacts with hydrocarbons to produce photochemical pollutants such as

ozone. In addition, under specific conditions nitrogen oxides may be easily converted to nitric acid,

which is in turn removed from the atmosphere by direct deposition to the ground, or transfer to

aqueous droplets (e.g. cloud or rainwater), thereby contributing to acid deposition.

(3) Volatile Organic Compounds NOC’s)

VOC’s are released in vehicle exhaust gases either as unburned fuels or as combustion products,

and are also emitted by the evaporation of solvents and motor fuels. Certain VOC’s are important

because of the role they play in the photochemical formation of ozone in the atmosphere. The

predominant VOC’s associated with transport related activities are included in the measurement

programme. Four compounds were chosen as indicators of pollution from these sources; benzene,

toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) isomers.

(4 Dust Deposition

Airborne particulate matter varies widely in its physical and chemical composition, source and

particle size. Particles are often classed as either primary (those emitted directly into the

atmosphere) or secondary (those formed or modified in the atmosphere from condensation and

growth). Particulate matter arises from both man-made and natural sources. Natural sources

include wind-blown dust, sea-salt and biological particles e.g. pollen. Man-made sources include

large carbon particles from incomplete combustion, ash, dust particles from quarrying and

construction activities and road traffic generated dust. In general large particles do not stay in the

atmosphere for long and are deposited close to their source, whereas small particles can be

transported long distances.

Particles, which are deposited to ground, give rise to problems such as soiling of buildings and other

materials and also cause a general nuisance. The Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control TA

Luft - 1986 recommended guideline value for dust emissions is 350 mg/m2/day.

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In terms of monthly dustfall results in the UK (undissolved solids measurement only- BS1747

sampling method), the following is often quoted: ‘With insoluble deposits, fallout rates exceeding

200 mg/m2/day on a monthly average will generally cause nuisance to residential properties at peak

periods within that month”. Using the above analogy this value is equivalent to approximately 460

mg/m2/day using the VDI 2119 sampling method. In light of experience, and possibly higher public

perceptions, many of those working in the field have adopted much lower informal limits in the

region of 100 - 150 mg/m2/day averaged over a month (using the BS1747 sampling method). This

is equivalent to approximately 230 - 350 mg/m2/day total dissolved and undissolved solids. The

German T.A. Luft Standard (1986) recommended value for dust emissions is 350 mg/m2/day is

based on the combined weight of dissolved and undissolved solids, measured over one month using the Bergerhoff dust gauge. The EPA in Ireland has adopted the German sampling methodology and

guideline value of 350 mg/m2/day.

(5) PMlo -- In recent years, interest has focused on the levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic

diameter less than 10 microns (PMlo) which have been shown to have health implications at

elevated levels, due to their ability to penetrate into the trachea-bronchial system. A major man-

made source of fine primary particles is combustion processes, primarily road transport and coal

burning activities. However, road transport is estimated to be the single biggest primary man-

made source of PM10 in most EU countries (EPA’s report entitled ‘Ireland’s Environment - A

Millenium Report’). Of particular concern is diesel combustion, where transport of hot exhaust

vapour into a stack can lead to spontaneous nucleation of ‘carbon’ particulates before emission.

An estimated 30 to 70 times more particulates are emitted by diesel engines than petrol helled

vehicles equipped with catalytic converters and burning unleaded fuel.

Secondary particles are typically formed when low volatility products are generated in the

atmosphere, for example the oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid. The atmospheric

lifetime of particulate matter is strongly related to particle size, but may be as long as 10 days for

particles of approximately lmm in d&meter. With the general rise in traffic, especially in urban

areas, levels are likely to continue to increase. Significant natural sources of PM,0 particles include

re-suspension of fine soil material in rural areas, volcanic activity, sea spray, forest fires and

reactions between natural gaseous emissions.

(6) Odour

Odour is perceived by our brains in response to chemicals present in the air we breathe. Odour is

the response that those chemicals induce. Most odours are a mixture of many chemicals that

interact to produce an overall odour response (Good Practice Guide for Assessing and Managing

Odour in New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment, June 2003).

Odours are normally assessed on the basis of nuisance rather than direct toxicological impact

however ‘offensive odours can cause poor appetite for food, lowered water consumption,

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impaired respiration, nausea and vomiting and mental perturbation’ (‘Wastewater Engineering,

Treatment and Disposal’, Metcalf and Eddy Inc, 3rd Edition, McGraw Bill (1991)).

(7) Bio-aerosols

Micro-organisms (or microbes) can be defined as very small organisms which are capable of

living on their own. They are found all over the earth in a range of environments which include

hot springs, polar ice-caps and the intestines of animals including man. They are fundamentally

involved in the recycling of nutrients and are an integral part of the breakdown of organic waste.

When organic materials are moved around during either the shredding, turning and screening

processes, microbes (both alive and dead), spores plus various parts of cells that have broken up,

are released into the air. Due to the small size of the microbes they tend to remain airborne for

long periods of time forming what is called a ‘bio-aerosol’.

Bio-aerosols are of concern during waste transfer because of the potential negative impact they

may have on public or worker health. Airborne micro-organisms are inhaled throughout normal

everyday life and rarely cause any ill effects as the body is equipped to cope with the presence of

microbes.

Background levels of bacteria and fungi are highly variable and range from l-1000cfu/m3 (cm -

colony forming units), although higher values can be commonly encountered in agricultural and

forest environments. There is the possibility of a risk to the health of certain receptors depending

on individual sensitivities from bio-aerosols. This risk may be increased when large

concentrations of these airborne micro-organisms are generated during activities involving

organic waste conducted in Waste Transfer stations.

At present there are no guideline or limit values for bio-aerosol concentrations in Ireland or

Europe.


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3.6.3 Baseline Data

A baseline air quality assessment was carried out at the proposed Oxigen Environmental Ltd waste

bailing facility in RobinHood in order to determine the background air quality. The following

components were identified as potential pollutants and were, therefore included in the assessment:

l Nitrogen Dioxide (NOz)

l Sulphur Dioxide ( SO2 )

l Volatile Organic Compounds (BTEX)

l Dust deposition

l PMlo

. Odour

l Bio-aerosols

Three locations were chosen for the sampling of SO2, NO2 and BTEX. Dust deposition

measurement has been historically carried out as part of the existing Waste Licence (Reg No. 152-

1). The air sampling locations are presented in Figure 3.6/l overleaf.

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D3

Figure 3.6/l: Air Monitoring Locations

Bard na Mdna Technical Services

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0 (1) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO?>/ Sul0hu.r Dioxide (SO2

Background levels of nitrogen dioxide (NOZ) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were determined using

diffusion tubes and based on the guidelines originally set out by the DTI (UK) for the determination

of NO2 in ambient atmospheres. The diffusion tubes were placed on the fence line at three locations

outlined in Fig 3.6/l, in well ventilated areas away f?om trees and situated approximately l-2m

above ground level. The locations were chosen to reflect background levels of the above species.

Before mounting the tube on the stand, the tube is removed corn its protective container. The green

cap is placed upwards with the filter end facing downwards to prevent the ingress of particulates.

On completion of the 14 day monitoring survey period (12” August to 26* August 2004) the tubes

were placed in their protective containers and sent to the laboratory. The sampling location, date

and time were recorded for each sample. The tubes were then dispatched to the UKAS accredited

laboratory at Gradko International Ltd for analysis.

The SO2 and NO2 tubes were analysed by ion chromatography and the results expressed as cLg/m3.

Results are presented in Table 3.6/l below:

II TABLE 3.6/l: Baseline NO2 and SO2 Results II

Location

AM-01

Nitrogen Dioxide

(cl&n3 1

9.9

Sulphur Dioxide

h-dm3 1

10.5

AM-02 9.5 7.8

AM-03 7.8 7.8

The results obtained for nitrogen dioxide varied fi-om 7.8 to 9.9&m3. The highest recorded value

of 9.9pg/m3 was at AM-01. These results are consistent with those expected for a site located in an

urban environment. Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen oxides are expected to be in the range

0-30pg/m3 for rural environments and 20-90pg/m3 for urban environments. The EC Directive

85/203/EEC on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide gives a 98 percentile hourly limit value of

200pg/m3 which has been adopted as the Irish air quality standard (S. I. No. 244 of 1987). The

World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 report on the Guidelines for Air Quality also recommends

tbis hourly guideline value of 200pg/m3 and a mean annual value of 40pg/m3. In addition, the

Council Directive 1999/3O/EC l-hour limit for nitrogen dioxide is also 200pg/m3 (as a 95

percentile) and an annual limit of 40p8/m3, which must be met by 1 January 2010. Furthermore

these guideline values have been adopted into Irish law in the form of the Air Quality Standards

Regulations 2002 (S.I. No. 271 of 2002). Although it is not strictly relevant to compare, the values

obtained for this monitoring survey are well within these limits.

The concentrations obtained for sulphur dioxide were also shown to be relatively low at all

locations. The highest level obtained was at the northern boundary AM-01 (10.5 pg/m3). The EC

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Directive 80/779/EEC on air quality limit values for sulphur dioxide and suspended particulates

stipulates a yearly average of daily values taken throughout the year of 120pg/m3 and has been

adopted as the Irish air quality standard (S. I. No. 244 of 1987). Although not strictly relevant, all

the values obtained were shown to be well within this limit. The 1999 WHO report outlines a

guideline value of 125&m3 for maximum daily mean and 50pg/m3 for annual mean for sulphur

dioxide. These guideline values are clearly not currently being exceeded at the site. In addition, the

Council Directive 1999/3O/EC gives an hourly limit value of 350pg/m3 not to be exceeded 24 times

in any calendar year and a daily limit value of 125yg/m3 not to be exceeded more than three times a

calendar year (99 percentile). Both of these limit values will come into law by 1 January 2005.

These guideline values are also laid out in S.I. No. 271 of 2002. It is clear that the results obtained

are well below these guideline values.

0

(2) Volatile Organic Compounds (BTEXJ

Diffusion tubes were used to determine the background levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene

and xylene isomers based on the guidelines originally set out by the DTI (UK) for the determination

of NO2 in ambient atmospheres. These diffusion tubes were also mounted on the fenceline at the

three sampling locations.

Prior to sampling, the brass-end cap from the end of the tube marked with a red dot was removed

and replaced with a diffusive end cap. The tube was placed on the stand with the diffusive head

pointing downwards. At the end of the 14 day sampling Period (12’ of August to 26ti of August

2004), the diffusive head was removed and this end of the tube was tightly sealed with the brass

end-cap and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

The BTEX tubes were analysed by’ thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography-mass

spectrometry and the results expressed as pg/m3. The results are shown in Table 3.6/2 below

TABLE 3.6/2: Baseline BTEX Results

Location

AM-01 AM-02

AM-03

Benzene

Pm3

1.31

0.64

1.31

Toluene

r.tg/m3

3.73

2.71

3.73

Ethyl- Benzene

Pm3

0.71

0.38

0.71

m/P Xylene

Wm3

2.84

2.37

2.84

o- Xylene

i@m3

0.71

0.62

0.71

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The concentrations obtained for benzene at the three locations are low ranging from 0.64 I*gim3 to

1.31 pg/m3. The EU legislation pertaining to Benzene, is directive 2000/69/EC relating to ‘limit’

values for benzene and carbon dioxide in ambient air’. The recommended limit value is 51@rn3

over a calendar year. The proposed limit entered into force on 1 January 2003 and every 12 months

thereafter is reduced by equal annual percentages to reach 0% by 1 January 2010. This legislation

has been adopted by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency and the limits are stated in S.1 No.

271 of 2002, The result obtained Tom the monitoring survey was well within this proposed limit.

There are no national or EU limits for toluene, ethylbenzene or xylene. In the absence of such

limits, Danish C-values are used to compare the results to recommended average ground level

concentrations. These C-values are mean hourly values and must not be exceeded by more than 1% of a period of time. The values are based on long-term exposure to individual substances. These are

400clg/m3 for toluene, 500pg/m3 for ethylbenzene and 1001-@rn3 for xylenes. The results obtained

from the monitoring survey were well below these lirnit values.

(3) Dust Deposition

Total deposited dust was monitored historically for a number of years at the site. Sampling was

carried out for between 28 to 32 days based on the standard method VDI 2119 (Measurement of

Dustfall, Determination of Dustfall using Bergerhoff Instrument (Standard Method) German

Institute). The location of the dust gauges are outlined in Table 3.6/3 below and in Figure 3.6/l.

Table 3.6/3 Location of Directional Dust Deposition Gauges

Location Description

Dl Northern Boundary

D2

D3

North - Eastern Boundary

Western Boundary

The dust deposition rate was measured in accordance with the attached Dust Deposition

Assessment Report - Report Ref. 5813 TMS Environmental Ltd (Appendix 5). A summary of

results are presented in Table 3.6.4 overleaf.


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II Table 3.6/4 Historical Total dust deposition

(mg/m’/day)

Sampling 2002 2003 2004

Location 1517 1219 915 2416 28/7 16/l 2115

Dl 502.8 516.7 397 264 23 159 241.4

D2 1031 754.5 995 752 1,028 642 291.5

D3 179.7 174.1 349 D* 139 D” 438.6

* damaged during the survey

There are no national or EU limit values for dust deposition. In this absence, the recognised

guideline for dust emission levels is 350 mg/m2/day as outlined in the Technical Instructions on

Air Quality Control TA Luft - 1986. The guideline value was adopted as the limit value for the

facility outlined in the existing waste licence. A number of significant off-site influences were

described over the timeframe of the monitoring carried out. These include the high volume of

Heavy Goods Vehicles that pass the site, demolition works that were reported to occur during 2003, building construction in the surrounding area and roadworks outside the site entrance.

These factors combined with dust generated from on-site activities have led to a number of

exceedences of the existing dust deposition limit value.

Bord na M&a Technical Sewices Page 62

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(4) PMlo

The recently published ‘Ii-elands Environment 2004- EPA’ document indicates that emissions

from road traflic are now the primary threat to the quality of air in Ireland. A significant aspect

of these emissions is the level of particulate matter. Particulate Matter (PMlo) has been

monitored at a number of sites around Ireland since 1999 and reported in the EPA’s Air Quality

monitoring Annual Reports . Comparison of the recorded levels is made to the limit values

established by Directive 1999/30/K. These limit values are applied in two stages, stage one . until 2010 and stage two after 2010. The specified stage one limit values are 50ug/m3 daily

average not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year and 40~g/rn3 as an annual average. In stage 2 the limit values are to change to 50pg/m3 daily average not to be exceeded more than 7

times per year and 20ug/m3 as an annual average. Examination of the reported PM10 levels in

both the available annual reports and the ‘Irelands Environment’ document would indicate that a

number of stations within the Dublin area would not meet the stringent limits values, particularly

the stage two limits. As the proposed site lies within the same monitoring zone as these stations

(Zone A) and is also adjacent to a busy access road to the surrounding industrial estate, it would

be expected that levels of this parameter would be elevated.


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(5) Odour

No ambient odour samples were taken during the baseline assessment. Ambient odour

measurement was not considered for a number of reasons. Measured ambient odour levels are

highly dependent on meteorological conditions on the day of sampling and therefore may not

reflect the existing background odow level at the site. Both on-site and off-site odour sources may contribute to measured ambient odour levels and as a result the background levels

determined may not reflect the present site activity. At present there are no existing ambient

odour guidelines, therefore it would’not be possible to determine if significant background odour

levels exist at the site.

(6) Bio-aerosols

Bio-aerosol measurement was not carried out at the site. At present there is no waste being

accepted and bailed on site. Therefore, present bio-aerosol levels at the site should comparable to

background levels. Background levels of bacteria and fungi are highly variable and range from

l-l OOOcfu/m3 (cm - colony forming units), although higher values can be commonly

encountered in agricultural and forest environments. At present there are no recommended

ambient bio-aerosol limit values, therefore it would not be possible to determine if significant

background bio-aerosol levels exist at the site.


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3.6.4 Environmental Impacts

If uncontrolled, operation of the proposed waste baling facility could give rise to the following air

emissions.

N02, SO2 , BTEX, PMU

During the operation phase, the anticipated increase in traffic entering and leaving the proposed

development will be up to a maximum of 130 vehicle movements per day (inbound plus outbound).

The likely impact on the local air quality as a result of the emissions of CO, NO2, BTEX and

particulate matter (PMic) from the increase in traffic is estimated to be low. Comparison of the

proposed number of traffic movements (130 per day) with an estimated number of movements per

day on the Robinhood road of 5,200 per day indicates that the percentage increase in traffic due to

the development would be 2.5%. The estimated traffic movements per day is based on peak traffic

counts carried out on Ballymount road as part of an Environmental Impact Statement ( ‘ The

operation of a Waste Recycling and Processing Facility by Oxigen Environmental Ltd. at

Ballymount Road Lower Ballymount Industrial Estate Clondalkin, Dublin 22’ July 2004). A comparable increase of CO, NOz, BTEX levels by 2.5% would not result in an significant impact on

the receiving environment.


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Dust Deposition

The operation of Robinhood Waste Bailing facility could potentially have implications for the

levels of ambient dust as a result of the following activities during normal operations:

l Movement of HGV’s within the site boundary.

l Movement of friable material within the site

Each of these has the potential to generate dust emissions and the severity of the impact may be

influenced by weather conditions.

Udour

Both on-site and off-site odour sources may contribute to measured ambient odour levels and as

a result any background levels determined may not reflect the proposed site activity. Any

materials that are received at the proposed site that have the potential to generate odour will be

processed within the baling building, thus minimising the potential impact on off site sensitive

receptors. In some cases it is proposed to pre-process the waste by removing the majority of

organic fines before the waste is delivered to the Robinhood facility. This will minimise the

odour potential Tom this source.

Bio-aerosols

Minimisation of the amount of organic fines entering the site will significantly reduce any

potential production of bio-aerosols during handling of the waste. The potential for dispersion of

bio-aerosols occurs predominately during the baling process. As this process will take place

indoors, this will further minimise the risk of bio-aerosol dispersion into the receiving

environment.


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Ox&en Environmental Ltd, Environmental Impact Statement


The measured baseline levels of the above parameters indicate that the existing concentrations

are typical of an urban environment and reflect the present impact of traffic movement along the

Robinhood road. Comparison of the proposed number of traffic movements, with the estimated

traffic movements along the Robinhood road indicate that any potential increase in these

parameters would not be significant.

To minimise any potential emission of these traffic pollutants from vehicles on-site, it is

proposed

l to implement a vehicle maintenance programme to maintain exhaust emissions within NCT

limits.

l All vehicles and machinery will be switched off when not in use to minimise emissions.

l Shutting off idling equipment and queuing waste vehicles

0) Odour

Any odorous material that is stored inside the process buildings or brought on-site may have the

potential to impact on sensitive receptors outside the site boundaries during operations such as

door-opening, storage, transport onto the site and potential dispersion of odours through vents in the bailing building. A number of mitigation measures are proposed to minimise this potential

impact. These include

all potentially odorous materials will be stored and processed within the buildings on the

site

Any odour that arises within the process building (from stockpiles etc) will be treated

directly through the use of odour neutraliser applied using probe rotary atomisers

throughout the plant.

Use of the odour neutraliser will minimise potential odour emission from vents in the

buildings.

Door-opening of the buildings will be restricted to receiving and dispatching

All waste handling will take place inside the building prior to baling and transport

‘First in-First out’ waste handling practices so wastes are not allowed to sit on site for long

periods of time

keeping building catch basins, floor drains and drainage systems clean so odour-causing

residues do not build up

treating drainage systems periodically with odour-neutralising and bacteria inhibiting

solutions.

Implementation of these mitigation measures will ensure the impact of potential odour emissions

fi-om the site will not be significant.


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Oxigen Enviimmental Ltd, Environmental Impact Statement

cc) Dust Deposition

Historically it has been demonstrated that significant dust deposition occurs in the area of the

proposed development. A number of off-site sources were identified during these assessments.

To minimise the potential contribution from the operation of the proposed facility, a number of

mitigation measure are proposed. These include:

l Handling of waste will take place inside an enclosed building

l Operation of probe rotary atomisers throughout the plant

l Point dust suppression during unloading of fi-iable waste

l Maintenance and washing of all waste collection vehicles

l Regular dampening and maintenance of the hard standing area inside and outside the

waste process building

l Restriction of door-opening of the buildings to receiving and dispatching

Implementation of these mitigation measures will ensure the dust emissions from the operation

of the Waste Baling facility during operation will not be significant.

cd) Bio-aerosols

Production of significant amounts of Bio-aerosols is dependant on the availability of organic

material and the movement of this material to disperse the bio-aerosol itself. Restriction of the

amount of organic material brought on-site will minimise the potential for bio-aerosol production

at the proposed development. To minimise the potential emission of bio-aerosols, a number of

mitigation measure are proposed. These include:

l Handling/tipping of waste will take place inside an enclosed building

l Minimising onsite organic waste storage

l Operation of probe rotary atomisers throughout the plant

These measures should ensure that bio-aerosol emission at the proposed development would not

be significant.

In conclusion, based on the baseline study carried out for the above parameters, potential impacts

and strict adherence to the mitigation measures, it is contended that the proposed development

will not have a significant impact on the air quality of the receiving environment.


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Ox&en Environmental Ltd, Environmental Impact Statement

3.7 NOISE

3.7.1 Introduction

This chapter discusses the existing noise levels at the proposed site, the potential

impacts of the proposed development on the existing noise levels and the abatement

measures that may be employed to reduce or eliminate the impact.

3.7.2 Study and Assessment Methodology

Baseline Noise Study

The site of the proposed baling station is currently utilised by Oxigen Environmental as a waste recycling facility, therefore annual noise surveys have been undertaken at

the site for the past number of years and these will be used to assess the current noise

climate in the vicinity of the proposed baling station.

(1) Monitoring Locations

Table 3.70 below presents the geographical description of the four site boundaries

and the nearest noise sensitive locations monitored during previous noise monitoring

surveys. (2003,2004)

TABLE 3.7/l: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING POINTS

Sample Point Location Justification

Reference ID (Geographical reference from site)

Nl To the left of the site entrance gate along the

northern boundary, in front of the offices.

N2

N3

Along the western boundary at the back comer

of site To assess the background

noise levels at the At the eastern boundary wall between an office

building and open shed area perimeters of the site

N4 At the northern boundary wall towards the

comer of the site

NSLl Located outside the northern boundary of the site Nearest sensitive

at the gate of the SISK construction offices receptor

Note: The NSL referenced in the following section is a residential house located 150 meters from the site.

Bond na M&a Technical Services Page 69

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3.7.3 Existing Environment

Results of the 2003 and 2004 Noise Surveys.

Table 3.7/2 below presents the results of the noise survey undertaken during June

2003 at the Oxigen Environmental waste facility, Robinhood Itrdustrial Estate

11 Nl 1 30 1 62 1 52

II N2 I 69 I 75 I 59 N3 30 80 85 67

N4 30 68 71 58

NSLl 30 70 73 57

Table 3.7/3 below presents the results of the noise survey undertaken during June

2004 at the Oxigen Environmental waste facility, Robinhood Industrial Estate


(2) Measurement Parameters At each of the monitoring locations the following data parameters was recorded:

L, Values:

L,, (t) values represent the continuous equivalent sound level over a specified time (t).

This value expresses the average levels over time and is a linear integral.

Lao and Lto Values:

The ho and Llo values represent the sound levels exceeded for a percentage of the

instrument measuring time. Llo indicates that for 10% of the monitoring period, the

sound levels were greater than the quoted value. Llo is a good statistical parameter for

expressing event noise such as passing traffic. The Lgo represents post event sound

levels and is a good indicator of background noise levels.

TABLE 3.7/3: ROl3INHOOD SITE NOISE MEASUREMENTS 2004

Map Ref. Period L,, ho L90

bw WA) WA) WA)

Nl 30 65 66 63

N2 30 64 65 54

N3 30 61 64 59

N4 30 63 64 60

NSLl 30 68 74 59 Source: Noise Monitoring Survey for Oxigen Environmental Ltd., at Robinhood Road, Dublin 22; TMS Environmental Ltd Report (ref: 7299); see Appendix 5.


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The results of the surveys carried out during the operational phase of past activities at

the Robinhood site, are typical of a busy industrial area during daytime hours. At all

locations the noise levels were significantly influenced by road traffic and were quite

elevated. The 2003 survey was carried out during normal operations while the 2004

survey was carried out while no operations were in progress at the site. A review of

results for the noise sensitive location indicates similar results for 2003 and 2004 (site

operational / site not in operation). This in turn indicates that the noise climate at the

nearest sensitive receptor is dominated by off-site sources, and although the results

are in excess of the stipulated daytime limit of 55 dB (A), this area has a high volume

of traffic throughout the day and this is considered the main contributor to the noise

climate in the area.

Previously a number of waste processing activities were carried out at the site. These

included (unloading of skips, screening and trommelling). The proposed change in

activities will result in a change from a multi-treatment to a single treatment facility

thereby eliminating the above activities. This reduction in the number of processes

undertaken at the facility will further reduce the possibility of excessive noise

emissions due to the simultaneous operation of multiple activities.


The baling facility will be open for deliveries from 06:OO to 20:00 hours Monday to

Saturday. The noise levels associated with the operational phase of the facility will be

similar to those previously recorded during the noise surveys carried out in 2003 and

2004.

Previous noise studies have highlighted the potential for excessive noise emissions

through the simultaneous operation of items of plant. However it is predicted that

noise emissions Tom the facility will reduce due to a reduction in the number of

processes to be undertaken at the site. An example of this is the unloading of skips in

the yard area was also a major noise source

The proposed operations will be reduced, with only baling operations proposed. The

new baler unit will be located in the main shed area and all deliveries of waste will be

carried out in the shed. This will therefore reduce the possibility of excessive noise

emissions from the site as only one baling unit will be in operation at any one time.

There is a potential for increased noise associated with an increase in the number of

vehicles entering the facility, however the area surrounding the facility is already

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dominated by road traffic noise and it is predicted that the additional vehicles will not

significantly impact on the current noise climate.

3.7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES

Noise

The baling machine will be the main noise source during the operational phase of the

project; however this will be located inside the waste processing building further

reducing the potential for noise emissions. The building used to house the baler is a

purpose built unit which is fitted with shutter doors. During site operations the shutter

doors will remain shut further reducing the noise emissions from the baler unit. A waste

delivery procedure will be prepared ensuring the doors are open for the minimum time

required. Delivery of waste to the facility will be by RTD waste trucks which have

capacity to unload waste directly to floor where it will be loaded to baler unit therefore

reducing noise impact from loading and unloading of skips. To further reduce noise

levels, traffic flow is designed to ensure that the reversing of vehicles in a direction facing noise sensitive locations will be minimised.

Other practical measures will include:

0 Proper training of operators in equipment use to rninimise noise generation,

reduce revving of engines, ensuring that vehicles are operated with noise control

hoods closed.

l Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment, checking the efficiency of

silencers, lubrication of bearings

l Monitoring of site noise levels to ensure compliance and implementation of cost

effective control measures.

It is recommended that annual monitoring of the facility be undertaken to ensure the

noise emissions from the facility fall within the recommended EPA guideline values

of 55 dB(A) during daytime activities and 45 dB(A) for night time activities


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* 3.8 TRAFFIC

3.8.1 Introduction

This section of the Environmental

traffic that will be generated as a

surrounding road network.

Impact Statement (EIS) examines the expected volumes of

result of the proposed development and its impact on the

3.8.2 Overview of the Road Network and Traffic Volumes

(1) Existing Road Network

The location of the proposed development site with regard to the local network is shown in Figure

3.8/l below. The site is located approximately 0.5 km east of the M50 motorway and the Red Cow Roundabout. The site is located within the Robinhood Industrial Estate which is an extensive area

of industrial and commercial development. The site is a brownfield site that is currently operated

as a waste transfer station. The site is bordered to the north by Robinhood road and on the other

three sides by industrial/commercial premises.

Figure 3.8/l Local Road Network

Traffic accessing the proposed development will use Robinhood Road. Traffic will approach

Robinhood Road from the Longmile Road, Walkinstown Cross via Ballymount Road Lower or the


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MSO/Red Cow Roundabout via Ballymount Road Upper and Turnpike Road. The same routes will

be used by traffic exiting the site. Robinhood road is a two-lane carriageway having an

approximate width of 7.5m.

The site has a road fkontage of 108m onto Robinhood Road. The proposed development will use

the existing (western) entrance to the site however it is proposed to open a new exit onto the

Robinhood road for vehicles exiting the site (see Drawing No. D.l in Appendix 2). Oxigen

Environmental Ltd. have applied to South Dublin County Council (SD04A/488) for this exit, to

which a decision should be made by November 2004. It is proposed that vehicles will enter the

site by the western gate and exit via the proposed eastern gate. This arrangement fits well with the

design of the proposed facility as it enables an efficient circulatory system from the entrance

weighbridge to the offloading and collection areas to the exit weighbridge.

A speed limit of 30mph is in operation at the proposed access and egress points Tom the site.

(2) Existing Traffic Volumes

The site was not operational between February and September 2004, and is currently accepting

approximately 40 tonnes of waste per day. However, the site has a waste license (152-1) to accept

24,600 tonnes of waste per annum. The facility has accepted this quantity of waste between 2001

and February 2004. Based on traffic figures provided by Oxigen Environmental Ltd. there were on

average 37 vehicle movements onto the site per day when it was fully operational.

The main corridors upon which the traffic generated by the proposed development will have an

impact on are Robinhood Road, Turnpike Road, Ballymount Road Upper and Ballymount Road

Lower. These roads currently serve their function as local roads for adjoining industrial areas.

(3) Proposed Road Development within the vicinitv of the site.

To determine the proposed development planned for the existing road network, the National

Development Plan 2000-2006 and the County Development Plan for South Dublin County

Council (Draft 2004 - 2010) were consulted. The National Development Plan (NDP) ‘is laying the

foundation for Ireland’s further economic and social development’, of which road developments

and improvements play a key role. National and regional road development plans have been

outlined which will be performed by the newly established Road Design Departments within each

County Council. As part of the NDP the M50 motorway is to be completed once the

archaeological investigations at Carrickmines has been completed, and the Red Cow Roundabout

will be upgraded to incorporate the Luas light rail network infrastructure.

The specific objectives (Part 3) within the Draft County Development Plan for South Dublin

County Council (SDCC) provide for ‘the improvement of the road network to cater for the


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0 transportation requirements of the County’. The development plan has set out two specific time

frames for road development i.e. six year roads objective (for lifetime of development plan) and

long term objectives.

In the Draft County Development Plan both Robinhood Road and Ballymount Road Lower have

been designated for road improvements in the long term. However, Ballymount Road Lower is

also designated for improvement works in the shorter (6 year) time &me.

This development will not prejudice the proposed road widening which is planned by SDCC as it

will make allowances for it in terms of the site layout arrangements as shown on Drawing D.l in

Appendix 2. Even without the proposed road widening the existing Robirihood road can accommodate the two way passage of all vehicles including HGVs.

0 3.8.3 Environmental Impacts

Traffic generation from the site

The maximum amount of waste that will be accepted at the facility will be 160,000 tonnes per

annum. Traffic movements associated with the baling facility will primarily be that of refuse

vehicles entering the site laden with waste and outbound vehicles empty after discharging its load.

The vehicle types delivering the waste will be predominantly 3-4 axe1 rigid refuse collection

vehicles with articulated trucks collecting the waste for off-site disposal.

The predicted maximum volume of waste that will be accepted at the facility will be 3,200 tonnes

of material per week (based on 50 working weeks). Each refuse vehicle has an average weight of

15 tonnes (based on typical weights for waste vehicles recorded by Oxigen Environmental Ltd).

Based on a six day working week this equates to 533 tonnes/day or 36 delivery’s/day.

It is estimated that there will be a maximum of 22 truck movements per day required to remove

the baled waste from the site for off-site disposal.

This gives an overall maximum of 65 truck movements onto the site per day (130 movements two

way per day). This is an approximate 52% increase in traffic compared to the maximum traffic

volumes generated by the existing licensed facility.

The waste facility is expected to operate and accept waste between 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. from Monday

to Saturday. Assuming a worst case scenario that 25% of the truck movements occur during any

one hour this would give rise to 14 trucks entering the site per hour or on average one truck every

4 minutes. Consequently, the scale of the traffic activity arising from the site would not

compromise the operation of the local road network.


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It is predicted that the proposed development will require approximately twelve months before it

will reach the maximum traffic movement fi,gures as outlined above.

The waste baling facility will employ 10 full time employees in administrative and operative

functions. Adequate parking will be provided on-site to accommodate these staff.


The following traffic management measures are proposed to ensure the practicable free flow of

traffic during the life-time of the waste baling facility:

l Traffic entering and exiting the site will not be permitted to park on the public roadway or

to impede the free flow of traffic on the adjoining road network. The entrance weighbridge

is located 24m from the edge of Robinhood Road which allows sufficient space for two

waste delivery trucks to park at the entrance without backing up onto the public road while

a third truck is being weighed on the weighbridge.

l The administration building which controls the entry of trucks onto the site is strategically

placed to allow good management of trucks entering end exiting the site.

l A one way traffic system will operate on site which will facilitate free flow of traffic on-

site.

l Cognisance has been taken of the intended road widening on Robinhood Road. The

intended road widening by SDCC will also help in the free flow of traffic on Robinhood

Road.

l A regular inspection of the public highway will be undertaken and in the event of

significant quantities of mud on the road, the road shall be swept accordingly. The road

will also be inspected for any wind blown litter, which will be collected accordingly. All

trucks shall be suitably covered to prevent the accumulation of litter during transport.

l Signs will be placed on the approaches to the waste baling facility, which will designate

the location of the facility and also warn traffic of heavy vehicles turning.


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3.8.5 CONCLUSION

The site layout, including access arrangements, has been very carefully designed to maximise the

efficiency and workability of the operation of the facility and to ensure that road safety is not

compromised.

The maximum number of vehicles entering the site will be around 14 HGVs per hour (worst case

scenario) or one every four minutes, although it is predicted that the majority of the time the

numbers of HGVs entering the site per hour will be less than this. This level of traffic increase will

not result in any unacceptable level of traffic activity on the local road network.


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3.9 CLIMATIC FACTORS

3.9.1 Introduction

Climate change has been identified as one of the most significant worldwide

environmental problems. In order to stabilise global emissions to twice that of the pre-

industrial level, cuts of up to 70% in global emissions are necessary. It is expected

that the EU will reduce emissions by 8% overall by 2012 under the Kyoto agreement.

As part of the EU target, Ireland has agreed to limit the growth in greenhouse gas

emissions by 13% above the 1990 levels (National Climate Change Strategy, October

2000, Dept of Environment and Local Government).

The characterisation of the climatic conditions prevailing at the Robinhood Industrial

Estate was conducted utilising historical meteorological data compiled by the

Meteorological Service. There is no site specific climatic information available for the

specific study area, so information was obtained fi-om the nearest climatological

station, which is Casement Aerodrome, located approximately 10 km south west of the site. It is considered that the prevailing climatic conditions at Robinhood

Industrial Estate are similar to that in Casement Aerodrome, both due to the proximity

of the weather station to the site and as there are only small topographical variations

between the two locations.

3.9.2 Baseline Data

(1) Wind

Monthly mean wind speeds recorded at Casement Aerodrome during the period 1968

to 1996 are presented in Table 3.90, while the percentage frequency of wind speeds

occurring during the period 1981 to 2000 are presented in Table 3.9/2. As illustrated

in the wind speed and the wind frequency summary table (period 1981 to 2000) for

the Casement meteorological data presented in Appendix 6, a higher percentage of

winds in the area are experienced in the range 200” to 270” from north, i.e. ranging

from south southwest to west. Moderate to gentle breezes (3.4 to 7.9 m/s) dominate

in the area (50% of the year}. The strongest winds (> llknots / 5.5m.k) occur during

the period from October to March, with the average monthly wind speeds during this

period ranging from 5.6 m/s to 7.0 m/s (11.2 to 14.1 knots). Low wind conditions

(~3.3 m/s) are experienced at the site for approximately 28% of the year,

predominately during the summer months, with the average monthly wind speeds

during the April to September period ranging from 4.7 m/s to 5.4 m/s (8.7 to 10.1

knots).


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11 TABLE 3.9/2: Percentage frequency of wind speeds at Casement Aerc

Wind Speed

(Imot s>

odrome 1981- 2000 - -

Wind Speed Beaufort Scale Total Percentage

(m.4 Descriptive Term Frequency - All months

1981 to 2000

(2) Precipitation

Average monthly and mual rates of precipitation over the period of 1968 - 1996 for

Casement are presented in Table 3.9/3. The results indicate that the annual average

rate of precipitation in this area is 711.7 mm. Long term monthly mean precipitation

rates range from 48.9 mm to 73.1 mm, with the highest monthly rainfalls occurring

between the months of October to January. During winter the rainfall will be

commonly associated with Atlantic frontal depressions whereas during the summer

months, high rainfall amounts will tend to be associated with intense thundery

showers, which may be localised in rainfall intensity.

Table 3.9/3: Precipitation Rates at Casement Climatological Station 1968 - 1996

‘y,J F M A M J J A S 0 N DAm.

68.7 50.7 53.8 49.9 56.6 53.0 48.9 63.7 58.7 67.2 67.2 73.1 711.4

31.4 , 42.8 , 30.0 , 35.3 , 34.3 , 108.6 , 41.4 , 73.0 , 32.1 , 48.5 , 58.4 , 42.9 , 108.6 ,

Bord na Mdna, Technical Services Page 79

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(3) Air Temperature The pattern of long-term daily temperatures at Casement 1968-1996 is shown in Table

3.9/4. Air temperature ranges from a mean monthly temperature of 4.6”C in February

to 15.2”C in July. The average annual temperature (28 year average) is approximately 9.3”C. The highest mean daily maximum temperature of 19.7”C occurs during the

month of July. The extreme maximum and minimum temperatures and humidity

values for the period are shown in Appendix 6. Clirnatological scientists have

calculated that there has been an increase of 0.6”C f 0.2OC in the global average

surface air temperature since 1860. Known as ‘global warming’, this is thought to

result from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, which are

discussed in further detail below.


All new and existing developments will result in the release of greenhouse gases, as

all will involve the burning of fossil fuels, either directly or indirectly. Accordingly,

the development, while not energy intensive will result in the release of greenhouse

gases to the atmosphere.

Vehicular traffic is the main source of air emissions fi-om operations at the proposed

development that may have the potential to contribute to atmospheric concentrations

of the pollutants of climatic concern (primarily COz, NOx and SOz).

It is considered that adherence to the mitigation measures detailed below and good

site practice during the operation of the baling facility will ensure that the overall

impact of air emissions will not be significant.


The use of energy efficient technologies in the development will minimise the

pollution load generated by the development. Trucks delivering waste to the site will

not be allowed to leave their engines idling.

Bard na M6na, Technical Services Page 80

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J.n addition, the following pieces of legislation, technological advances and project

design attributes will ensure that the contribution of emissions of carbon dioxide,

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides t?om on-site vehicle movements to local climate

change /atmospheric changes is likely to be minimal:

l compulsory agreements between the European Commission and automobile

manufacturers’ to increase fuel efficiency and limit CO;! emissions fi-om new

cars.

l the implementation of the Air Pollution Act for the sulphur content in petrol

and diesel fuels.

Bard na Mdna, Technical Services Page 81

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3.10 LANDSCAPE & VISUAL IMPACTS

3.10.1 Introduction

The waste baling station is located within a busy industrial estate, approximately 0.5

kilometres south east of the Red Cow Roundabout. The site is bordered to the north by the

access road (namely Robinhood Road) and on all remaining side by industrial/commercial

units.

The site entrance is located to the north west of the site, with access to the site via the

Robinhood Road. This road is closely connected to the national primary road, N7, the Dublin motorway M50, and to tertiary Dublin roads which will allow access to the markets

throughout Dublin city. There is one residential facility within the vicinity of the existing site,

which is located approx. 150m to the east.

The site was operated as a South Dublin County Council cleansing depot until 1999, when it

was purchased by Oxigen Environmental Ltd. for the purpose of operating a modern waste

transfer facility for their current client base. Oxigen Environmental Ltd. is now applying to

the Environmental Protection Agency to review its existing waste licence (Reg. No. 152-1) in

order to change the facility operations to baling alone, with the capacity to accept 160,000

tonnes of waste per annum.

3.10.2 Baseline Visual and Landscape Assessment

On-site screenings and adjacent activities will determine the visibility of the site and its visibility from local residences and roads. Road users and surrounding industrial units will

be the main groups affected by the waste baling station.

The landscape and visual impact of the waste baling station at Robinhood Industrial Estate

would be caused by a physical change in the appearance of the site. The assessment of the

existing environment in relation to landscape and visual impacts focused on:

l Landscape character,

l Context of the site in relation to the surrounding landscape,

l Topography,

l Land use,

l Visual,

l Change in landscape,

0 Sensitivity of the landscape and,

0 Designation of site.

Bard na M&za, Technical Services Page 82

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Landscane character

The overall character of the existing site landscape is that of relatively low lying land in an

urban industrialised setting.

The existing site has been operated as a waste facility by Oxigen Environmental Ltd. since

1999. In 2003, following the granting of planning permission fi-om South Dublin County

Council, a large waste processing building was built on the site. Metal screens have been

placed on the boundary, which restricts the view from the access road, 14, . . \,’ -. ~,~ I. Site

Figure 3.10/l: View from east from Robinhood Road

and from adjacent industrial units:

Figure 3.10/2: View from west from Robinhood Road

Landscape context

The site lies within a large industrial estate, and is bounded on to the north by site access road

(Robinhood Road), and on remaining three sides by industrial units.


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0

Touoaaphv The site is relatively flat, with minimal variances in the topography of the site. Metal screens

cover the western and north eastern aspect of the site. The site lies in the surface water

catchment of the River Liffey, and within the sub-catchment of the River Camac.

Land use

The site was operated as a South Dublin County cleaning depot until 1999, when it was

purchased by Oxigen Environmental Ltd., who operate the site as a waste transfer facility. It

is proposed as part of this development to construct an additional entrance to the facility to the

no@h east of the facility (see Drawing D.l in Appendix 2), which will be used as an exit for

the site, with the existing entrance to be used as an entrance only. r.....

Visual

The site is not overlooked from any aspect of the site, due to the flat nature of the surrounding

terrain. The number of houses within this area is limited due to the zoning of the areas for

industrial uses. It is proposed to operate the facility within the existing building on the site.

The metal screens shall be retained on site. The colour and finishes selected for all buildings

at the facility are selected in accordance with an overall colour scheme and are muted in shade and tone, taking into account the surrounding environment, the scale of the buildings

concerned and the local landscape context.

Change in Landscape

The landscape context of the site and surrounding area has progressively changed over the

years from a semi-rural context to one of predominately industrial facilities following the

zoning of specific areas with the County Development Plan.

l Sensitivity of landscape

The site would not be considered sensitive due to the industrial/commercial nature of the

surrounding areas.

Designation of the site

Under Section 9.3.2 of the Draft South Dublin County Council Development Plan, certain

views and prospects are protected. The protected views and prospects have been listed in

Table 13.9 of the draft plan. None of the protected views or prospects will be impacted upon

by this development.


It is deemed that as the proposed change in use and increase in the volume of waste

throughput will occur on the existing site, with the only change attributed to an additional

entrance, the landscape and visual impact are negligible.


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‘,



It is deemed that no mitigation measures in terms of landscape and visual impacts are required

for the proposed development at this time.

Bard na M&a, Technical Services

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3.11 CULTURAL HERITAGE

3.11.1 Introduction

Cultural Heritage (Physical), in respect of a project, is assumed to include all humanly created

features on the landscape, including portable artefacts, which might reflect the prehistoric,

historic, architectural, engineering and/or social history of the area.

3.11.2 Baseline Cultural Heritage Assessment

As part of the documentary research, the following sources were examined from which a list of

sites and areas of archaeological potential was compiled:

l Local historical and archaeological records relevant to the study area;

l Draft County Development Plan for South Dublin County Council 2004 - 2010

From the Paper Survey, a list of archaeological sites and sites of archaeological interest were

identified. Cultural Heritage Sites Surrounding the existing site are shown in figure 3.1 l/l.

Figure 3.11/l: Cultural Heritage Sites Surrounding the Existing Site

Source: Draft County Development Plan 2004 -2010, South Dublin County Council

Bard na M&.za, Technical Services Page 86

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Table 3.1111 List of Archaeological sites

SITE NO. DUO17 - 077

ADDRESS/LOCATION

Red Cow, Naas Road

DESCRIPTION

Earthwork, Possible site

II DUO22 - 002 I Greenhills Road I Flat Cemetery II

(1) Archaeology

The closest recorded archaeological site is DUOl7-077--- which is classified as an earthwork

site and is located approximately 250 m to the northwest of the existing facility in the

townland of Red Cow. According to the files held by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, it

is likely that this site was destroyed during the construction of the Naas dual carriageway.

There is a flat cemetery located adjacent to the Walkinstown Cross, at Greenhills Road. This

site DUO22 - 002 is located approximately 1.5 km south east of the existing site.

(2) Historv

There are no known traditions associated with the site or its immediate environs.

(3) Architecture

There are no protected structures within the vicinity of the site.


(1) Archaeology

As it is proposed that the baling facility will be undertaken on the existing waste transfer

facility, that there will be no additional impact on the archaeology within the vicinity of the

site.

(2) History It is envisaged that the proposed development will not impact on features or events of historical

interest.

(3) Architecture

In the case of this development, there are no structures of architectural interest, located within

the boundaries of the site or within the defined study area. Consequently, it is not envisaged

that the development will have any negative physical impact on any such identified sites.


Given that the proposed site operations will not have any impacts on areas of cultural

heritage, mitigation measures are not required.


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Oxigen Envivonwlental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

the worth or material

3.12 MATERIAL ASSETS

3.12.1 INTRODUCTION

This section looks at the effect of the development on

assets/resources of the locality under the following headings;

(1)

(2)

(3)

Adjoining Property

Amenity areas and open spaces.

Services i.e. water, electricity, gas etc.

The positive effects of the development (i.e. the provision of sustainable employment,

improvement of waste infrastructure) must be considered in conjunction with the

detrimental effects, if any, on the environs.

3.12.2 ADJOINING PROPERTY

New developments can have an adverse effect on adjoining existing development

through factors such as building density, standard of buildings, overall design of the

site, overlooking, overshadowing, lighting, creation of traffic, severance of access and

nuisance such as noise and dust. On the positive side, development can bring growth

and stability to an area, depending on the type of development proposed, and can even

increase property values in the locality.

The siting of this development within the existing industrial area is considered to be

suitable for the following reasons:

The site is located in a built up industrial area with the necessary infrastructure

already in place to accommodate this type of development.

The proposed development of the waste baling station will reduce the need to

transport larger volumes of waste to landfill, and reduce the instance of wind

blown litter. It will also be of benefit to businesses/industry in the area.

There will be no overshadowing or overlooking impacts on adjoining property as

a result of the proposed development.

Noise, air, traffic and landscape and visual impacts have been addressed in the

relevant preceding sections of the EIS.

The development will contribute towards the consolidation of South Dublin as an

industrial location and also help to meet the objectives set in the Dublin Waste

Management Plan.

It is unlikely that the proposed development will cause a decrease in adjoining

property values, given that the area is already an industrial area and that the

current property market is strong.

Bard nu h&nu, Technical Services Page 88

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3.12.3 AMENITY AREAS AND OPEN SPACES

The proposed development is located in an industrial area and does not have any

amenity areas or open spaces in its immediate area. There will be no significant

change in land usage within the site.

The proposed development site and the immediate surroundings are not designated as a Natural Heritage Areas or a proposed candidate Special Area of Conservation

(cSAC), nor is it designated under any of the other nature conservation or landscape

designations currently used in Ireland.

The noise assessment presented in Section 3.7 concluded that the existing noise levels

at the site are dominated by traffic on the surrounding road network and surrounding

industrial activities. All surface water emissions fi-om the site will be separate from

foul drainage and will discharge to surface water sewer via an oil separator with an

automatic shut-off valve. Section 3.4 deals with surface water emissions from the site.

3.12.4 SERVICES

These include those effects which arise as a result of services required by the

occupants of a development such as telecommunications, gas, water, electrical supply,

sewage disposal, solid waste disposal and the local road network.

The proposed increase in volume throughput will not place an excessive demand on

electrical, gas or telecommunications networks within the area.

It is anticipated that the normal daily water requirement for the site will be minimal

required for drinking water, cleaning\washing of the waste building floor and vehicles

and emergency purposes only. These practices are been undertaken during existing

operations at the site, and therefore only the increase in vehicle washings will required

additional water usage. Water will be supplied by connection to the existing South

Dublin County Council mains supply. The quantities of water required will not place

an excessive demand on supplies within the area. No groundwater will be extracted

as part of the proposed development.

The small increase in traffic volumes is not expected to impact on the surrounding

road network.

Electricitv Supplv

Electricity demands exerted by the site on the local network will be minimal with use

restricted to the baler and lighting usages.


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0xigen Environmental Ltd. Environmental Impact Statement

Telecommunications

The telecommunications requirement of the site will use the existing infrastructure.

Water Usage

Water is currently supplied by the South Dublin County Council water mains. The

volume of water required on-site for general domestic, vehicle washing, floor washing

and fne water purposes should be provided for without difficulty from the existing

mains supply.

Waste Waters

Process wastewaters from the waste processing building will be discharged to the

South Dublin County Council sewerage system which is part of the Dublin trunk

sewer. All effluent will ultimately be treated in the Ringsend Waste Water Treatment

Plant. Discharges to this sewer will not place an excessive demand on the sewerage

system.

Road Network

It has been shown in the traffic assessment (refer to Section 3.8) conducted that the

proposed increased will not have a significant adverse impact on the road network.

In summary, it is contended that the material asset values will not be significantly

affected by the proposed development as the environmental impacts (air, noise and

water pollution, visual intrusion, traffic impacts) of the existing and proposed activity

are shown to be minimal.

Bond na M&a, Technical Services Page 90

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3.13 INTERACTIONS OF THE FOREGOING

All environmental factors are inter-related to some extent. As defined in the

Environmental Protection Agency ‘Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in

Environmental Impact Statements’, a cumulative effect is defined as ‘...the addition of

many small impacts to create one larger, more si&$calzt impact’. A synergistic impact

occurs where ‘the resultant impact is of greater signQ%ance than the sum of its

constituents’. Cumulative and synergistic effects are, therefore, those which result from

the incremental effect of an action when added to other past, present, and reasonably

foreseeable actions. The European Communities Environmental Impact Assessment

(Amendment) Regulations, 1998, demand that an EIS describes the impacts and likely

significant effects on the interaction between any of the following principal elements

of the environment media :

human beings

flora

fauna

soil

water

air

climate

the landscape

Tables 1.1/l and 1.1/2 in section 1 highlight the impacts and effects on interactions

between these media and identifies the sections of the EIS where the interactions are

addressed.

3.13.1 Human Beings: Air/Traffic

Atmospheric and noise emissions from the waste baling facility site have the potential

to impact on human beings in the vicinity of the site. Impacts from dust emissions have the potential of being the most significant impact of the waste baling facility.

Mitigation measures to prevent the aforementioned impacts are given in Section 3.6.4:

Air.

The waste baling facility shall operate in accordance with the BAT principle, thus

reducing anypotential impacts.

Bard na AGnu, Technical Services Page 91

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section 3 environmental impacts and remedial measures · environmental impacts and remedial...

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