Section 3-1Section 3.1 Properties of Matter

• Identify the characteristics of a substance.

density: a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume

• Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.

• Differentiate among the physical states of matter.

Section 3-1Section 3.1 Properties of Matter (cont.)

states of mattersolidliquidgasvapor

Most common substances exist as solids, liquids, and gases, which have diverse physical and chemical properties.

physical propertyextensive propertyintensive propertychemical property

Section 3-1Substances

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Matter is everything around us.• Matter with a uniform and unchanging

composition is a substance.

Section 3-1States of Matter

• The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter.

• Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume.

• Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.

Section 3-1States of Matter (cont.)

• Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container.

• Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.

Section 3-1Physical Properties of Matter

• A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.

Section 3-1Physical Properties of Matter (cont.)

• Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of substance present, such as mass, length, or volume.

• Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance present, such as density.

Section 3-1Chemical Properties of Matter

• The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances is called a chemical property.

– Iron forming rust– Copper turning green in the air

Section 3-1Observing Properties of Matter

• A substance can change form–an important concept in chemistry.

• Chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and pressure.