section 1: europeans reach the americas
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Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico. 1519 Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico. Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects conquered the Aztec Empire killed or enslaved many Aztecs gained for Spain the Aztecs’ wealth and land built Mexico City on top of the ruins of Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New Spain increased the empire and wealth of Spain increased Spain’s power established Mexico as a base from which Spain could launch explorations expanded Spain’s American empire, which covered much of North and South America by 1600TRANSCRIPT
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Section 1: Europeans Reach the Americas
Main Ideas•Explorer Christopher Columbus reached the Americas from Europe in 1492.•The Spanish wanted to control the Americas to obtain gold, spread Christianity, and gain glory.•In 1519 Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire.
Question: What were the short and long-term effects of the Cortés expedition?
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1519Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico.
Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects• increased Spain’s power• established Mexico as a base
from which Spain could launch explorations
• expanded Spain’s American empire, which covered muchof North and South Americaby 1600
• conquered the Aztec Empire• killed or enslaved many
Aztecs• gained for Spain the Aztecs’
wealth and land• built Mexico City on top of the
ruins of Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New Spain
• increased the empire and wealth of Spain
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Section 2: The Spanish Explore Texas
Main Ideas•Pineda mapped the Texas coast in 1519.•The Narvaez expedition was shipwrecked on the coast of Texas, but few of its members survived.•Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico traveled widely through Texas in search of a way back to Spanish lands.
Question: What significant events occurred in 1519?
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from Jamaica into the Gulf of Mexico.
the Pánuco River near American Indian villages.
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda sailed
He and his crew settled near
He is best known for mapping
the northern Gulf of Mexico, including
Texas.
1519 1519 1519
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Section 3: Searching for Cities of Gold
Main Ideas•Fray Marcos and Estevanico believed that they had found the fabled cities of gold called Cibola.•Coronado traveled through Texas and surrounding areas in search of gold and silver.•The Moscoso expedition traveled through Texas on its way to Mexico but failed to find riches.
Question: What were the goals and results of Spanish expeditions?
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Fray Marcos& Estevanico(1539)
Coronado(1540)
Moscoso(1539)
find seven lostcities of gold
conquer Cíbola;gain its treasure
conquer Cíbola;gain its treasure
Expedition Goals Results
• Estevanico—reached a Zunivillage and was killed
• Fray Marcos—saw village from afar and reported it was filled with gold and treasure
• conquered Zuni village• crossed Texas Panhandle in
search of Quivira• did not find gold or treasure
• explored what is now the southeastern United States and East Texas
• sailed to Mexico• did not find gold or treasure
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Section 4: Consequences of Spanish Exploration
Main Ideas•Juan de Onate founded the colony of New Mexico.•Interaction between Europeans and American Indians changed both societies.•The Columbian Exchange brought both devastating disease and useful horses to North America.
Question: What were the effects of Spanish exploration in Texas?
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SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS
Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians• gained new plants and animals
from Europe, such as horses• rise of a Plains Indian horse
culture• Plains Indians’ fighting and
hunting abilities increased by horses
• many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases
• conflict with the Spanish
• established a claim to Texas• gained knowledge about land
and people of Texas• gained new plants and animals
from the Americas• gained a buffer zone between
Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north
• lost equine military advantage• conflict with Texas Indians
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Chapter Wrap-Up
• How was the small army that Cortes started with able to defeat the Aztec?
• How did Spain’s economy benefit from the exploration and conquest of the Americas?
• How did Spanish exploration affect Texas Indians?