second wind - harding design - system design... · requirements specification.. ... energy in a...
TRANSCRIPT
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Second Wind System Design and Project Plan
Josh Dowler
Caleb Meeks
John Snyder
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Table of Contents
System Design…………………………………………………………………………………..3
Background………………………………………………………………………………4
System Overview…………………………………………………………………..…4
Block Diagram………………………………………………………………………....5
Functional Description of Blocks……………………………………………...6
Project Plan………………………………………………………………………………..…….7
Organization and Management………………………………………………..8
Work Breakdown Structure – Fall 2009…………………………………….9
Work Breakdown Structure – Spring 2010……………………………..10
Budget……………………………………………………………………………………11
Gantt Chart – Fall 2009…………………………………………………………..12
Gantt Chart – Spring 2010………………………………………………………13
Network Diagram – Fall 2009…………………………………………………14
Network Diagram – Spring 2010…………………………………………….15
Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………….16
Requirements Specification..…………………………………………….17-18
3-D Model……………………………………………………………………………..19
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System Design
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Background : Alternative power sources address a need produced by the depletion of traditional energy sources. Wind is one of the most abundant energy resources that can be harnessed to generate power and our project aims to harness that power in an innovative and more effective way than traditional wind turbines. Kite wind generation is more effective than conventional turbines in gathering the energy from the wind for two reasons. First, the kite can reach much higher altitudes than turbines, where the wind is more reliable and strong. Second, kites can cover more area in the sky and therefore use more of the energy than a stationary turbine can. Our kite generator aims to produce clean sustainable energy in a world where green power generation needs a second wind.
System Overview: Our team will design and prototype a kite wind generator. The generator will produce electrical power from the drag force applied to the kite by wind. The kite will be autonomously guided by a microprocessor to perform the gliding maneuvers necessary to produce power. When being deployed the kite string reel will dispense kite line, thus allowing the kite to gain altitude. The kite wind generation unit will produce power based on the drag force produced by the kite in flight and the amount of line pulled, which will be connected to a generator. When being retracted the kite orientation will be changed to reduce its drag coefficient, and the kite will be reeled in using much less power than is generated from the pull up. The kite will run autonomously in winds of 10 to 45 kilometers per hour. When the wind speeds are too high the kite will be retracted to prevent damage to the system. If the wind speeds are too low the kite will be retracted. The system will also have a user interface that displays the length of line released, and power generation. The user will also have options for three different modes of operation for the kite; deploy, sustain, and retract.
Unregulated Voltage
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Power Supply
Micro-Processor
Power Control Circuit
Kite Dynamics
+9VDC
MotorController
Kite Controls
±12VDC
Line Length/Tension Reading
+5VDC &12VDC
String Movement
Tension:Min: 10 N
Max: 250 N
Charge Controller
User Interface
Generator90V / 10A
Power Reading
Line LengthTension+5VDC
User Input
UnregulatedVoltage
900W
String Movement
Tension:Min: 10 N
Max: 250 N
Block Diagram
6
Functional Description of Blocks:
Power Supply: The power supply will be a single 12 V DC lead acid battery, which will provide unregulated voltage to the power control circuit. It will also supply an unregulated voltage signal to the charge controller and receive the power produced by the generator from the charge controller.
Power Control Circuit: The power control circuit will regulate the voltage delivered to the microprocessor, motor control circuit, and charge controller. It will take unregulated voltage from the power supply and output +9VDC to the microprocessor and +5VDC to the motor control circuit and charge control circuit. It will also output a +12VDC signal to the motor control circuit to provide power to the motors.
Microprocessor: The microprocessor will receive power from the power control circuit. The microprocessor will send data and voltage (+5VDC) to the user interface and receive user inputs from the user interface. The data sent will be on/off signals, via a three-way switch, for the retract and ascend modes and a digital signal to the LCD containing the length of string dispersed. The signals recieved by the user interface will be on/off signals from the retract/sustain/ascend switch triggered by the user. The microprocessor will receive analog data signals from the tension sensor and line length indicator switch. The kite control signals. The tension sensor signals will enable the microprocessor to verify if too much or too little force is on the kite strings so it can react accordingly with an interrupt. The microprocessor will also send control signals to the motor controller. The motor control signals will be digital logic signals with a direction bit for the left and right motors of the kite.
Motor Controller: The motor controller will receive power from the power control circuit as well as receive control signals from the microprocessor. The signals recieved from the microprocessor will tell the motors to turn on or off and in which direction to spin. The motor controller will then output power (±12VDC) to the kite control motors.
User Interface: The user interface will consist of an LCD screen, an array of LEDs, and switches. The LCD screen will display the length of line released, the array of LEDs will display the voltage on the battery, and the switches will allow the user to enable deploy, sustain, and retract modes. It will receive power and data from the microprocessor and charge controller and will send the user inputs back to the microprocessor.
Kite Controls: The kite controls will receive power from the motor controller and send analog tension sensor and line length sensor signals to the microprocessor. The kite controls will control the tension in the lines through software, sensors, and electromechanical means. Part of the kite controls will also mechanically retract the kite using a spring system in each cycle of the kite. The kite controls will then use the manipulation of the tension to control the kite behavior.
Kite Behavior: The kite behavior is controlled by the tension output of the kite controls. The kite behavior will then fly in a pattern that will increase the tension on the lines and send that tension to the generator.
Generator: The generator will produce power from the tension and pull of the kite lines from the kite behavior. The power that is generated will then be sent to a charge controller unit.
Charge Controller: The charge controller will receive power from the generator and provide overcharge and surge protection for the power supply. It will feature a breaker that can switch in case of surges and circuits featuring diodes to prevent overcharging. It will send the power it receives back to charge the power supply. The charge controller also reads the voltage over the power supply and sends that information directly to the user
interface.
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Project Plan
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Organization and Management
John Snyder – John is a senior computer engineering student, with a 50/50 electrical and engineering and computer science split. He will be working with programming the microprocessor to get it to work with the motor controller, kite controls system, and the user interface. He will also be working on the charge controller to prevent it from overcharging and surge protection for the power supply. He will also be working with different sensors to provide information for the system.
Josh Dowler – Josh is a senior mechanical engineering student, and is the project leader. He will be in charge of converting the tension provided by the kite behavior and turning it into electric power. He will be working with the generator motor and a freewheel mechanism to allow the kite to retract without affecting the generator and selecting gear ratios as necessary. As project leader, he will be in charge of managing the budget, overseeing all project happenings, and reviewing documentation.
Caleb Meeks – Caleb is a senior mechanical engineering student. He will be in charge of working with the controls system and kite behavior. He will construct and work closely with John on the electrical and mechanical aspects of the controls system. The controls system will also link with the power generation processes, and therefore Caleb and Josh will be working to integrate their systems.
All team members will contribute equally to any documentation that will be presented, including reports and oral presentations. Each team member will be in charge of maintaining their notebooks and doing research on their respective parts outside of group meeting times. Team members are required to attend team meetings unless they notify the other team members about their absence.
Work Breakdown Structure fall 2009Task Activity Description Deliverables / Checkpoints Duration
(weeks)
People Resources
F1.0 Requirements
Specification
Detailed overview of the project
and its application
Written report including project
ideas
3 ALL PC
F2.0 System Overview Detailed overall design of the
project
Written documentation and
oral presentation
4 ALL PC
F3.0 Controls Design Overall kite control mechanism Overall schematics 7 Caleb PC, Video
CameraF3.1 Mechanically
Governed System
Design
Aspect of kite control controlled
solely by mechanics
Schematics 3 Caleb PC
F3.2 Electronically
Assisted Design
Aspect of kite control featuring
electronic aid
Schematics 3 John/
Caleb
PC
F3.3 Kite Retraction
System Design
Mechanical system releasing
and retracting the kite
Schematics and calculations 3 Caleb PC
F3.4 Brake System
Design
Mechanical system used to
brake/retract the kite
Schematics 1.5 Caleb PC
F4.0 Generator Design Overall mechanical power
generation system
Overall schematics 6 Josh PC
F4.1 Freewheel and
Return Design
Mechanical system allowing one
way mechanical power
transmission
Schematics and calculations 4 Josh PC
F4.2 Gearing Ratio
Design
Mechanical system to increase
the torque applied to the
generation motor
Schematics and calculations 2 Josh PC
F4.3 Generator Motor
Selection
Discovery of an appropriate
motor for kite powered
generation
Selected motor and spec. sheet 2 Josh PC
F5.0 Charge Controller
Design
Circuit regulating the generated
power
Circuit design and MulitSim
analysis
2 John PC
F6.0 Motor Controller
Design
Circuit used to control all the
motors
Circuit design and MulitSim
analysis
3 John PC
F7.0 Microprocessor
Interface Design
Microprocessor used to control
electrically driven parts of the
system
Circuit design 3 John PC
F8.0 User Interface
Configuration
Design
Configuration of user display
and user input modes
Circuit design 2 John PC
F9.0 System Frame
Design
Frame holding the entire system
together
Schematics and calculations 1 Josh/
Caleb
PC
F10.0 Parts Selection Decisions reguarding selection
of all parts in the system
Part selection, order, and
documentation
6.5 ALL PC
F11.0 System Analysis Design analysis to test for
cohesivness
Test documentation 1.8 ALL PC,
MultiSim,
SolidworksF12.0 System Design /
Project Plan
Decomposition of system design
and work schedule breakdown
for the year
System documentation,
models, report, presentation
1.4 ALL PC
F13.0 Final Design Final design of all aspects of the
system
System documentation,
models, report, presentation
2 ALL PC
A1.0 Documentation Demonstration of continuous
work and research done for the
project
Engineering Notebooks, A3
Reports
15 ALL PC,
Engineering
Notebook
A2.0 Project
Management
Supervise the completion of
project goals on time and within
budget
Project is on schedule and
within budget
15 Josh PC
9
Work Breakdown Structure spring 2010
Task Activity Description Deliverables /
Checkpoints
Duration
(weeks)
People Resources
S1.0 Parts Assembly /
Testing
Assembly of parts and verification of
proper functionality
Functional sub-systems,
test data
9 ALL PC, Work
ShopS1.1 Mechanical
Control System
Build/ Test the kite controls controlled
solely by mechanics
Functional kite flying
controls, test data
4 Caleb Work Shop
S1.2 Electrical Control
System
Build/ Test the kite controls featuring
electronic aid
Functional kite flying
controls, test data
3 Caleb Work Shop
S1.3 Kite Reel System Build/ Test the mechanical system that
releases and retracts the kite
Functional kite reel
mechanism, test data
3 Caleb Work Shop
S1.4 Brake System Build/ Test the mechanical system
used to brake/retract the kite
Functional kite braking
mechanism, test data
2 Caleb Work Shop
S1.5 Freewheel and
Return
Mechanism
Build/ Test the mechanical system that
allows one way mechanical power
transmission
Functional freewheeel
and return mechanism,
test data
2 Josh Work Shop
S1.6 Gearing Ratio Build/ Test the mechanical system that
increases the torque applied to the
generation motor
Functional torque
increasing system, test
data
2 Josh Work Shop
S1.7 Generator Motor Test the motor to verify correct
operation
Power generation, test
data
3 Josh PC, Power
SupplyS1.8 Boarding Etching Design and order and/or etch circuit
boards
Finished circuit boards
and at least one
professional board
4 John PC, Work
Shop
S1.9 Charge Controller Build/ Test the circuit regulating the
generated power
Power regulating circuit
board, test data
3 John UI
S1.10 Motor Controller Build/ Test the circuit used to control
all the motors
Motor controlling circuit
board, test data
3 John PC, EVB
S1.11 Microprocessor
Interface Setup
Verify operation and connect/test
inputs and outputs of microprocessor.
Functional
inputs/outputs, test data
3 John PC, EVB
S1.12 User Interface
Configuration
Build and configure user display and
user input modes
Functional user controls,
screen output, test data
2 John PC
S2.0 System Frame
Assembly
Build/ Test the frame that holds the
entire system together
Constructed system
frame, test data
2 ALL Work Shop
S3.0 Programming Write code for microprocessor which
controls the system
Operational code, test
data
6 John PC
S4.0 Project Status Written/Oral presentation on our
project's status
Written report, models 2 ALL PC
S5.0 System
Integation
Bring all sub systems together to form
the complete system
Assembled system, test
data
3 ALL PC, Work
ShopS6.0 System Testing Verification of proper funtionality of
the system as a whole
Test data 2 ALL PC,
Multimeter
S7.0 Finalize
Prototype
Final troubleshooting and proof of
functionality
Finished prototype 2 ALL Work Shop
S8.0 Final Project Written/Oral presentation of finalized
prototype
Reports, models,
prototype
2 ALL PC, Work
ShopA1.0 Documentation Demonstration of continuous work
and research done for the project
Engineering Notebooks,
A3 Reports
14.2 ALL PC,
Engineering
NotebookA2.0 Project
Management
Supervise the completion of project
goals on time and within budget
Project is on schedule and
within budget
14.2 Josh PC
10
Product Quantity Quantity Needed Cost per Unit Estimated Cost
Kite 1 1 $132.00 $132.00
Tension Sensor 2 2 $24.40 $61.00
Microprocessor 3 1 $5.00 $25.00
Batteries 1 1 $45.00 $50.00
Wood (2"x4") 15 10 $1.50 $25.00
Nuts/Bolts $50.00
Axles 4m 3m $25.00
Bike Parts 2 n/a $0.00 $0.00
Kite String 50m 50m $30.00 $40.00
Circuit Boards 5 4 $50.00
Motors $190.00
Electical Components $25.00
Miscellaneous $177.00
TOTAL $850.00
Budget
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Gantt Chart - Fall 2009Second Wind
Josh Dowler, Caleb Meeks, John Snyder
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8
F1.0 Requirements Specifications 9/8/2009 9/29/2009 3
F2.0 System Overview 9/8/2009 10/13/2009 4
F3.0 Controls Design 9/29/2009 11/17/2009 7
F3.1 Mechanically Governed System Design 9/29/2009 10/20/2009 3
F3.2 Electronically Assissted Design 10/27/2009 11/17/2009 3
F3.3 Kite Retraction System Design 10/13/2009 10/27/2009 2
F3.4 Brake System Design 10/20/2009 10/31/2009 1.5
F4.0 Generator Design 9/29/2009 11/10/2009 5
F4.1 Freewheel and Return Design 10/20/2009 11/10/2009 3
F4.2 Gearing Ratio Design 10/13/2009 10/27/2009 2
F4.3 Generator Motor Selection 9/29/2009 10/20/2009 3
F5.0 Charge Controller Design 9/29/2009 10/13/2009 2
F6.0 Motor Controller Design 10/6/2009 10/27/2009 3
F7.0 Microprocessor Interface Design 10/13/2009 11/3/2009 3
F8.0 User Interface Configuration Design 11/3/2009 11/14/2009 1.7
F9.0 System Frame Design 11/3/2009 11/10/2009 1
F10.0 Parts Selection 9/26/2009 11/10/2009 6.5
F11.0 System Analysis 11/17/2009 12/7/2009 1.7
F12.0 System Design / Project Plan 10/1/2009 10/13/2009 1.4 ◊F13.0 Final Design 11/17/2009 12/8/2009 1.8 ◊A1.0 Documentation 9/8/2009 12/10/2009 12.5A2.0 Project Management 9/8/2009 12/10/2009 12.5
Duration
(Weeks)Finish DateStart DateTask NameID
12
Sep. 2009 Oct. 2009 Nov. 2009 Dec. 2009
Than
ksgiving B
reak
Gantt Chart - Spring 2010Second Wind
Josh Dowler, Caleb Meeks, John Snyder
11 19 26 2 9 16 23 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
S1.0 Parts Assembly / Testing 1/11/2010 3/4/2010 7.7
S1.1 Mechanical Control System 1/11/2010 2/9/2010 4.1
S1.2 Electrical Control System 1/26/2010 2/16/2010 3
S1.3 Kite Reel System 2/9/2010 3/2/2010 3
S1.4 Brake System 2/23/2010 3/4/2010 1.6
S1.5 Freewheel and Return Mechanism 2/16/2010 3/4/2010 2.6
S1.6 Gearing Ratio 2/2/2010 2/16/2010 2
S1.7 Generator Motor 1/11/2010 2/2/2010 3.1
S1.8 Boarding Etching 1/11/2010 1/21/2010 1.3
S1.9 Charge Controller 1/26/2010 2/16/2010 3
S1.10 Motor Controller 1/19/2010 2/9/2010 3
S1.11 Microprocessor Interface Setup 2/2/2010 2/23/2010 3
S1.12 User Interface Configuration 2/23/2010 3/4/2010 1.6
S2.0 System Frame Assembly 3/15/2010 4/6/2010 2
S3.0 Programming 1/19/2010 3/4/2010 6.6
S4.0 Project Status 2/16/2010 3/2/2010 2 ◊S5.0 System Integration 3/15/2010 4/6/2010 3
S6.0 System Testing 4/6/2010 4/26/2010 2.9
S7.0 Finalize Prototype 4/13/2010 4/26/2010 1.9
S8.0 Final Project 4/13/2010 4/27/2010 2 ◊A1.0 Documentation 1/11/2010 4/29/2010 15.3A2.0 Project Management 1/11/2010 4/29/2010 15.3
Jan. 2010
13
Feb. 2010 Mar. 2010 Apr. 2010
Sprin
g Bre
ak
Duration
(Weeks)Finish DateStart DateTask NameID
Network Diagram: Fall 2009
Second WindJosh Dowler, Caleb Meeks, John Snyder
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Network Diagram: Spring 2010
Second WindJosh Dowler, John Snyder, Caleb Meeks
15
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Appendices
Kite Wind GeneratorRequirements Specification
Overview:Our team will design and prototype a kite wind generator. The generator will produce electrical power
from the drag force applied to the kite by wind. The kite will be autonomously guided by a microprocessor toperform the gliding maneuvers necessary to produce power. A kite wind generator would be useful forgenerating power on large scale agricultural farms, in remote locations for disaster relief or military, or as a partof a larger wind farm.
Problem Statement:Due to pollution and depletion of traditional energy sources there is a need to generate power from
renewable energy sources. Wind is the second most abundant energy resource, next to solar energy, that can beharnessed to generate power. Kite wind generation is more effective than conventional turbines in gathering theenergy from the wind for two reasons. First, the kite can reach much higher altitudes than turbines, where thewind is more reliable and strong. Second, kites can cover more area in the sky and therefore use more of theenergy than a stationary turbine can. This technology could allow individuals to become energy self-sufficientand it could also be used in large scale projects as wind farms that produce high power.
Operational Description:The kite wind generation unit will produce power based on the drag force produced by the kite in flight
and the amount of line pulled, which will be connected to a generator, over time. When the kite has reached itsmaximum height the kite orientation will be changed to reduce its drag coefficient, and the kite will be retractedusing much less power than is generated from the pull up. The kite will run autonomously in winds of 10 to 45kilometers per hour. When the wind speeds are too high the kite will be retracted to prevent damage to thesystem. If the wind speeds are too low the kite will be retracted. The system will also have a user interface thatdisplays the length of line released, and power generation. The user will also have options for three differentmodes of operation for the kite; deploy, sustain, and retract.
Technical Requirements:• System will initially supply its own power to initiate energy generation and then store excess generated power• If power generation is not sufficient to generate excess power the kite will be retracted and the user interface will run off
of stored power• System will generate at least 500 Watts DC within one day and be able to store that much energy• Kite system will be able to generate power in winds from 10 - 45 kilometers per hour• Setup, including kite deployment, should take no more than 30 minutes• Power generation should occur within five minutes of kite deployment• System must have deploy, sustain, and retract modes of operation• Autonomous control of each mode (deploy, sustain, retract)• User interface to enable user to specify modes of operation (deploy, sustain, retract) and show user length of line
released within one meter and power generated within 20 watts• Must be able to sense length of line released within one meter and power generation within 20 watts• System will be able to fit through a standard door frame, with width of one meter and height of two meters
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Design Deliverables:• User manual• Drawings and schematics with analyses• Kite generator unit• User interface• Parts list with associated costs• Test report• Final technical report
System Test Plan1. Kite stays aloft in winds of 10 - 45 kilometers per hour2. 10 minutes of autonomous flight and power generation in winds of 10 - 45 kilometers per hour3. Generation of 500 watts DC within one day4. The electrical system will have a fail safe mechanism that will enable in case of a power surge5. Kite retraction of less than 10 minutes in winds of 10 - 45 kilometers per hour6. Shows accurate value for length of line released by comparing it with a tape measure within one meter7. Shows accurate value for power generation within 20 watts by using current and voltage measurements using a
multimeter
Implementation Consideration:Follow FAA regulations part 101, subparts A and B: no flight between sunset and sunrise, a letter of
intent to fly the kite above 150 feet sent to the nearest FAA ATC facility, a 100m radius of land withoutobstruction around base, set in an area five miles away from an airport, land must have ground visibility greaterthan 3 miles, and the kite line must have streamers at 50 foot intervals above 150 feet that are visible for onemile. The leads for the generator and battery will be covered to prevent shock. Gears and chains may be part ofthe design and could propose some safety issues.
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3‐D Model
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