seasonal assessment training incorporating livelihood strategies and coping strategies livelihoods...
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Seasonal Assessment Training
Incorporating Livelihood Strategies and Coping Strategies
Livelihoods Integration Unit (LIU)
Early Warning & Response DepartmentDisaster Management & Food Security SectorMinistry of Agriculture & Rural Development
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
What is a Livelihood?
A livelihood is the sum of ways in which households obtain the things necessary for life, both in
good years and in bad
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
These necessities include :
Food Water Shelter Clothing Health care Education
What is a Livelihood?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
What are Livelihood Strategies?
In HEA, the analysis of livelihood strategies includes an investigation
into how people obtain their food and cash, and what they need to
spend their money on
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
How do we find out about Livelihood Strategies?
Own crop production Own livestock production Wild foods (inc. plants, fish and game) Purchase Exchange (labour or goods for food) Gifts and loans
How do people get their food?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
How do we find out about Livelihood Strategies?
How do people get their cash?
Sale of crops (food crops, cash-crops such as coffee, gesho)
Sale of livestock production (dairy, live animals, hides)
Sale of wild foods, fish and game Employment (casual labour, salaried employment)
Self-employment (firewood, charcoal, handicrafts, etc.)
Small business and trade (purchase and resale of goods)
Other (gifts, loans, remittances etc.)
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
What do people spend cash on?
Staples (cereals, pulses, tubers for basic calories)
Minimum non-food (e.g. salt, soap, water, kerosene for cooking, etc.)
Sustaining and promoting livelihoods (health, school, agricultural inputs, vet drugs etc)
Other (money spent on non-essential items: more expensive foods, clothes)
How do we find out about Livelihood Strategies?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
What are Coping Strategies?
Coping strategies are the things that households do to try to increase their food and cash
income after a shock or hazard
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
Some Typical Coping Strategies
Increasing livestock sales
Collecting more wild foods
Sending more household members to do casual work in town or in the fields of other people, near or far
Examples include:
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
Why are Coping Strategies Important in HEA?
Analysing coping strategies determines how much of a gap is left to be filled by external assistance
Hazard example:50% crop failure
other
food aid
cropspurchase
The baseline picture
purchase
other
food aid
crops
deficit
Effect on access to crops
migration
purchase
other
food aid
crops
deficit
Final result
Coping step example:1 household member migrates for labour
Why are Coping Strategies Important in HEA?
Provides monitoring guidance to test and revise a predicted outcome
migration
purchase
other
food aid
crops
deficit
Final result
Coping step example:1 household member migrates for labour
Are people migrating?
What is happening to daily wages?
What is happening to food prices?
How are Coping Strategies Analysed in HEA?
Each coping strategy has a cost attached to it
High cost (or destructive) strategies are left out of the analysis
Why?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
Because the government and humanitarian partners want to prevent people from damaging their livelihoods just to survive.
HEA helps identify appropriate points of intervention
How are Coping Strategies Analysed in HEA?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
By leaving a destructive coping strategy out of the analysis, we are saying that an intervention should occur before households have to revert to that option (i.e. prostitution, reduced consumption, child labour, excessive livestock sales, etc.)
How are Coping Strategies Analysed in HEA?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD
Low Cost ExamplesLow Cost Examples
Medium Cost Examples
Medium Cost Examples
High Cost ExamplesLeft out of HEA
Outcome Analysis
High Cost ExamplesLeft out of HEA
Outcome Analysis
• Reduced expenditure on non-essential items• Harvesting of reserve crops (e.g. cassava, enset)
• Increased sale/slaughter of livestock (at sustainable levels to maintain herd viability)
• Intensification of local labour activities• Short-term/seasonal labour migration• Intensification of self-employment activities (firewood, charcoal,
building poles, etc.)
• Unsustainable sale/slaughter of livestock• Long-term/permanent migration (including distress migration of
whole households)• Excessive sale of firewood/charcoal (e.g. because of its effect on
the environment)• Sale/mortgaging of productive assets (land, tools, seeds, etc.)• Prostitution
How are Coping Strategies Analysed in HEA?
GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA: DISASTER MANAGEMENT & FOOD SECURITY SECTOR, MOARD