search for signals of neutron disappearance - the new ... · disappearance riccardo biondi contents...

Search forsignals ofneutron

disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter

n − n′Oscillations

Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Search for signals of neutron disappearanceThe New Physics Frontiers in the LHC-2 era

R. Biondi, Z. Berezhiani

Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli studi dell’AquilaINFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)

16th June 2016

Riccardo Biondi Search for signals of neutron disappearance


disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Contents

1 Dark Matter

2 Mirror Matter

3 n− n′ Oscillations

4 Time - Modulation

5 Conclusions



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Dark Matter Problem

Evidence for the existence of an unseen, “dark”, component in theenergy density of the Universe comes from several independentobservations at different length scales.

Experimental Hints:

Rotation Curves

Clusters of Galaxies

CMB + LSS

Type 1A SuperNovae

Gravitational Lensing

No Dark Matter candidate in Standard Model, so during last 80 years, arich zoo of candidates and models has been proposed.



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Mirror Matter

Hidden Twin gauge sector:

Particle physics will is described by such a Lagrangian:

Ltot = LSM + L′SM + Lmix

Invariant under two identical gauge groups: G×G′

Identical field contentsMirror Parity P (G↔ G′)⇒ mi = m′i , αi = α′i and v = v′

No new parameters

Gravity is not the only common interaction! → LmixRiccardo Biondi Search for signals of neutron disappearance


disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Mirror Particle Physics

For Ordinary particles we have the Standard Model:

Gauge Symmetry: G = SU(3)× SU(2)× U(1)Particles: quarks, leptons, photon, gluons, W±, Z, Higgs.

Interactions: long-range EM forces, Strong interaction confinement(ΛQCD), Weak scale MW

In the Mirror Sector we have the same:

Mirror Gauge Symmetry: G′ = SU(3)′ × SU(2)′ × U(1)′

Mirror Particles: quarks′, leptons′, photon′, gluons′, W ′±, Z′,Higgs′.

Mirror Interactions: long-range EM forces, Strong interactionconfinement (Λ′QCD), Weak scale M

′W

Lmix −→ O-M Interactions



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Mirror Cosmology

Same Physics Different Stories:

⇒ Mirror Matter: ∆Nν ' 6.14 (BBN limit: ∆Nν . 0.5 )

But, if we have different post-inflation Re-Heating temperatures:

⇒ T ′ < T Mirror Matter can full-fit BBN bounds

⇒ Mirror BBN: ∼ 75% of He′ and ∼ 25% of H ′

How Mirror Universe would look like?

Mirror stars are older than ordinary ones; some populate the galaxyhalo as MACHOs; many has exploded as Super Novae.

Like for OM most of MM is in the form of gas clouds rather thanstars and planets.

Ω′B & ΩB → Mirror Matter is a natural candidate for Dark Matter



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Mirror Phenomenology

Are there any Window to the Mirror World?

Lmix

is responsible for many O-M Interactions

We can build up higher dimension operator that generate interactionssuch as:

Photon Kinetic Mixing: −�FµνF ′µνn− n′ Oscillation: 1

M(uud) (u′u′d′)

ν − ν′ Oscillations: 1M

(φl) (l′φ′)

π0 − π′0 and K0 −K′0 Mixing (with common Gauge or HiggsBoson) 1

M(q̄γµq) (q̄′γµq

′)

⇒ n− n′ and ν − ν′ Oscillation Violate B-L Symmetry in both sector

⇒ Baryon and Lepton Asymmetry in the Early UniverseRiccardo Biondi Search for signals of neutron disappearance


disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

n− n′ Oscillations

The Mass Mixing �(n̄n′ + n̄′n) comes from a B and B′ violatingsix-fermions effective operator: 1

M5(udd)(u′d′d′)

M is the scale of new physics beyond EW scale.

mn = mn′ −→ τnn′ ∼ �−1 ∼ (M/10TeV )5 × 1s

All the experimental limits on this transition become invalid in thepresence of a mirror magnetic field:

H =

(µBσ �� µB′σ

)The n− n′ oscillation is a resonant effect (|B| = |B′|), and it’s widthdepends on the orientation of magnetic and mirror-magnetic fields



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Experimental Strategy (Serebrov ILL)

We need to store neutron and to measure if the amount of the survivedones depends on the magnetic field applied.

Put UCN in the Trap

Close the valve

Wait for TS (75s, 150s, ...)

Open the valve

Count the survived NeutronsRepeat this for different orientation and values of Magnetic field.NB(TS) = N(0) exp

[−(Γ +R+ P̄Bν

)TS

]NB1(TS)

NB2(TS)= exp

[(P̄B2 − P̄B1

)νTS

]We can compute the following observables:

AB =NB(tS)−N−B(tS)NB(tS) +N−B(tS)

= n∗(tS) (PB(t)− P−B(t)) cosβ(t)

EB,b =Nb(tS) +N−b(tS)

NB(tS) +N−B(tS)− 1 = n∗(tS) (PB(t)− Pb(t))



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

ILL Serebrov 2007

Experiment sequence: {B−, B+, B+, B−, B+, B−, B−, B+} , B = 0.2G

Analysis1 pointed out the presence of a signal:

A(B) = (7.0± 1.3)× 10−4 χ2/dof = 0.9 −→ 5.2σ

Ans so that: τnn′ ∼ 2− 10s‘ and B′ ∼ 0.1G

1Z.Berezhiani, Nesti, Eur. Phys. J. 72, 1974 (2012)Riccardo Biondi Search for signals of neutron disappearance


disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Time - Modulation

Is Mirror Magnetic field variable in time?

Mirror matter could be captured by the earth (Lmix) and it also could beco-rotating with it, most likely with a different period.

We need to check if A or E are variable in time:Experiment sequence: {b+, B+, B−, b−, b−, B−, B+, B+}With B = 0.2G and b = 0, 0.7, 3.0, 5.6, 12mG Horizontal magnetic field

The data taken cover a time interval of nearly 2000 hours with a gap ofnearly 600 hours between two segments of almost continuous datataking. AB(t), Ab(t) and EB,b(t).

⇒ The data were collected in 26 files, we computed the values of AB , Aband EB,b and try to perform a simple periodic fit:

f(t) = C +B cos(2π

T(t− t0))

Z. Berezhiani, R. Biondi



disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Raw Data

t[h]0 500 1000 1500 2000

-0.0025

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

- Raw BA

t[h]0 500 1000 1500 2000

-0.0025

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

- Raw BA

t[h]0 500 1000 1500 2000

-0.0025

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

- Raw B,bE




disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Binning Procedure

⇒ Binning procedure: to cancel linear and quadratic drift

t[h]0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

(t) - Binned 32 BA

t[h]0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

(t) - Binned 32 bA

t[h]0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

(t) - Binned 32 B,bE




disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Binning Procedure - Fit Results

32 measurement per bin (8 values of each variable)

C [10−4 ] B [10−4 ] T[h] t0 [h] χ2/dof

AB(t) −0.274 ± 0.668 3.67 ± 0.940 310.7 ± 19.0 −46.2 ± 29.7 0.967

Ab(t) 0.777 ± 0.687 1.20 ± 0.995 341.2 ± 53.1 −178.8 ± 87.2 0.982

EB,b(t) −2.39 ± 0.944 3.48 ± 1.31 281.6 ± 18.1 78.1 ± 26.5 0.977

⇒ Amplitude compatible with zero within ∼ 1 σ for Ab (As expected)

⇒ Amplitude deviated from zero of ∼ 4 σ for AB and ∼ 2 σ for E

⇒ Compatible Periods




disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

B-T plane

χ2 profiles in the Amplitude - Period plane: (1σ,2σ,3σ)

ææ

0 200 400 600 800

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

T@hD

B

Ab - Binned 32

ææ

0 200 400 600 800

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

T@hD

B

AB - Binned 32

ææ

0 200 400 600 800

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

T@hD

B

EB,b - Binned 32

Common Period Fit:

ææ

0 200 400 600 800

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

T@hD

BA

Common - AB - Binned 32

ææ

0 200 400 600 800

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

T@hD

BE

Common EB,b - Binned 32

⇒ χ2/dof = 0.973

Z. Berezhiani, R. BiondiRiccardo Biondi Search for signals of neutron disappearance


disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

ILL - 2013

t[h]0 100 200 300 400 500

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

- Binned 16 BA

B ' 0.2G → AB = (−0.573± 1.17)× 10−4 χ2/dof = 1.71

B ' 0.1G → AB = (−3.42± 0.881)× 10−4 χ2/dof = 2.53

B ' 0.08G → AB = (0.197± 1.29)× 10−4 χ2/dof = 2.22

⇒ Common oscillation Period T = (241.5 ± 9.58) h

Old Trap, Valve Problem and Changing of Measure Strategy.




disappearance

Riccardo Biondi

Contents

Dark Matter

Mirror Matter


Time -Modulation

Conclusions

Conclusions

I have studied oscillation phenomena between matter and dark matterparticles in the framework of Mirror Dark Matter Models:

n− n′ oscillation can be studied in UCN trapping experimentsData show a periodicity in time of the magnetic anomaly

Hint of a non zero and non static mirror magnetic field

A new and precise experiment is needed

Thank You!


Dark MatterMirror Mattern-n' OscillationsTime - ModulationConclusions

search for signals of neutron disappearance - the new ... · disappearance riccardo biondi contents...

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