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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC S PHM TP.HCM KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

--------------

Slide bi ging

NHP MN CNG NGH PHN MM

Ging vin: Lng Trn Hy Hin Email: [email protected]

version 2.1 TP.HCM 09/2012

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering HIENLTH - 1

NHP MN CNG NGH PHN MM


Gii thiu mn hc

Ging vin: Lng Trn Hy Hin (HIENLTH)

Khoa CNTT, H S phm TpHCM (FIT HCMUP)

Cc mn dy: NM Cng ngh Phn mm, Kim th phn mm,

Cng ngh NET, Bo mt v An ninh mng

Hng nghin cu: Software Testing, Semantic Web, Network Security

Email: [email protected]

Web mn hc: http://fit.hcmup.edu.vn/~hienlth/SE


Thng tin lp hc

Tn mn: Nhp mn Cng ngh Phn mm

M s: COMP1026

S tn ch: 3 (36LT + 18TH)

L thuyt: 36t (12 tun x 3t/tun)

Thc hnh: 18t (9 tun x 2t/tun)

Mn hc trc:

CSDL, LT Hng i tng, LT Windows

Gi hc:

L thuyt: Sng th 5, tit 1 3, phng

Thc hnh: Chiu th 4, tit 9 10, phng I.202


Minh ha Web App


Minh ha WinForm App


Mc tiu mn hc

Cung cp cc kin thc c s lin quan n cc i tng chnh trong CNPM: phn mm, cng ngh phn mm, c trng ca phn mm, tin trnh, cc phng php k thut thc hin, cc phng php t chc qun l, cng c v mi trng trin khai phn mm.

Gip sinh vin hiu bit cc kin thc nn tng hc tip cc mn chuyn ngnh CNPM.

Phn thc hnh gip SV hiu v bit tin hnh xy dng phn mm (n gin) mt cch c h thng v c phng php.


Cng ngh phn mm?

Cng ngh phn mm l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu v vic xy dng nhng phn mm c cht lng, c gi thnh hp l trong khong thi gian hp l.

i tng nghin cu:

Quy trnh cng ngh

Phng php xy dng phn mm

Cng c h tr pht trin phn mm

Cng ngh phn mm Software Engineering


Quy trnh cng ngh phn mm

Xy dng phn mm cn thc hin theo trnh t no?

Cn bao nhiu ngi tham gia? Vai trtng ngi? T chc qun l cc thnh vin?

Giao tip gia cc thnh vin?

Quy trnh cng ngh phn mm Software Development Process


Mt s phng php xy dng PM

Phng php hng cu trc

Phng php ta Merise

Phng php hng i tng

Phng php OMT

Phng php UML


UML Unified Modeling Language


Lc trong UML


Cng c h tr pht trin PM

Rational Rose

Power Designer 12.x/15.x/16

Microsoft Visio

Microsoft Studio .NET 2008/2010/2012

Microsoft SQL Server 2005/2008/2012

Oracle 8i/9i/10i/11i

Microsoft Visual Team System 2008/2010/2012

CASE Tool Computer Aided Software Engineering


Cng c h tr pht trin PM

Crystal Report

Component One Enterprise

Infragistics

Intersoft Webgrid

Data Dynamic

Install Shield/Wise Install

eHelp/Robohelp/HTML Help workshop

CASE Tool Computer Aided Software Engineering


Cc ch

Ch 1: Tng quan v CNPM

Ch 2 (*):Kho st hin trng v xc nh yu cu

Ch 3 (*): Phn tch phn mm

Ch 4 (*): Thit k phn mm

Ch 5: Ci t phn mm

Ch 6 (*): Kim chng phn mm

Ch 7: Trin khai v bo tr


nh gi mn hc

Lm bi tp ti lp & np theo yu cu thc hnh: im cng

Thi gia k: 20%

n: 20%

Thi cui k (vit): 60%

Bi lm ging nhau: 0 im (hc li)


Ti liu tham kho

Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th edition, 2011.

Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 2005.

ng Th Bch Thy, Trn an Th, Hong V Qunh H, M Hnh CMMI Mt Cch Tip Cn Ci Tin Quy Trnh Phn Mm, 2007.

Roger S. Pressman, K ngh phn mm, Tp 01, 02, 03, bn dch ca Ng Trung Vit, 1999.


Thank you!!!

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 01 - 1 HIENLTH

Ch 1: Tng quan v CNPM


Mc tiu

Bit c nhng khi nim thit yu

trong CNPM.

Bit c v mt qui trnh phn mm c

bn

Bit c t chc nhn s v vai tr ca

tng thnh vin trong h thng.

Bit c cc loi ti liu k thut.


Ni dung

Khi nim v Phn mm

Khi nim v Cht lng phn mm

Khi nim v Cng ngh phn mm

Khi nim v Quy trnh phn mm


Khi nim v phn mm

V d: xt mt s phn mm sau

Phn mm qun l hc sinh cp 3.

Phn mm qun l th vin.

Phn mm qun l nh sch.

Phn mm qun l khch sn.

Phn mm qun l phng mch t.

Phn mm qun l s tit kim.

Phn mm qun l gii v ch bng .

Phn mm qun l bn v chuyn bay.

Phn mm qun l cc i l.

Phn mm xp thi kha biu


Khi nim v phn mm

Phn mm di gc nhn ca ngi s dng:

Chng trnh thc thi c trn my tnhhoc cc thit b chuyn dng khc, nhm htr cho cc nh chuyn mn trong tng lnhvc chuyn ngnh thc hin tt hn cc thaotc nghip v ca mnh.


Khi nim v phn mm

Mi trng trin khai phn mm

My tnh: Desktop, Laptop,

Thit b chuyn dng: Thit b di ng: PDA, Pocket PC, in thoi di ng

Cc thit b chuyn dng khc: set-top box, router, firewall(phn cng)

H tr lm tt hn cc thao tc nghip v: Tin hc ha nghip v hin ang lm th cng,

Ci tin chc nng nghip v hin ang c thc hin trn my tnh,

ra, xy dng v trin khai chc nng nghip v mi


Khi nim v phn mm

Phn mm di gc nhn ca chuyn vinTin hc: y l mt h thng bao gm 3 thnh phn

c bn:

Thnh phn giao tip

Thnh phn x l

Thnh phn lu tr

cn c xy dng thc hin theo yu cuca ngi s dng


Khi nim v phn mm

Thnh phn giao tip (Giao din):

Cho php tip nhn cc yu cu v vic s dng phn mm tngi s dng (chn cng vic mun thc hin v cung cp ccd liu ngun lin quan n cng vic ), t cc thit b thuthp d liu (cn, nhit k, t bo quang in), hoc t ccphn mm khc.

Cho php trnh by cc kt qu ca vic thc hin cc yu cucho ngi dng (kt qu ca cng vic khi thc hin trn mytnh) hoc iu khin hot ng cc thit b iu khin(ng/m ca, dng hay cho chuyn ng)

Mt cch tng qut, thnh phn giao tip cho php nhp/xutthng tin cng vi hnh thc trnh by/giao tip tng ng.

Mc tiu chnh ca thnh phn ny l a thng tin t th giibn ngoi phn mm (ngi s dng, cc thit b, phn mmkhc) v bn trong, hoc ngc li.


Khi nim v phn mm

Thnh phn x l:

Kim tra tnh hp l ca thng tin ngun c cungcp t ngi dng theo cc quy nh rng buc trongth gii thc

V d: ch cho mn ti a 3 quyn sch, mi lp hc khngqu 50 hc sinh

Tin hnh x l cho ra kt qu mong i theo quynh tnh ton c sn trong th gii thc

V d: quy tc tnh tin pht khi tr sch v, quy nh tnhtin in, tr gp khi mua nh

Hoc tin hnh x l theo thut gii t xut V d: xp thi kha biu t ng, nn nh, pht sinh nc

c ca my tnh


Khi nim v phn mm

Thnh phn x l: Vic x l da trn thng tin ngun t ngi s dng

cung cp V d: tnh nghim phng trnh bc 2 da trn cc h s

nhp vo

hoc d liu lu tr c sn V d: tnh tn kho da trn cc phiu nhp xut lu tr

hoc c hai V d: tnh tin pht da trn ngy tr sch c nhp vo

v thng tin v loi sch c lu tr

Vic x l cho ra kt qu c th dng xut chongi dng xem qua thnh phn giao din, hay lutr li qua thnh phn lu tr, hoc c hai


Khi nim v phn mm

Mt cch tng qut, thnh phn x l l h thngchuyn x l tnh ton, bin i d liu,

dng thng tin ngun t cc thnh phn giao din(chc nng nhp) hay thnh phn d liu (chc nngc);

Kim tra tnh hp l (chc nng kim tra) v sau tin hnh x l (chc nng x l) nu cn thit

cho ra kt qu s c trnh by thng qua thnhphn giao din (chc nng xut) hoc lu tr litrong thnh phn d liu (chc nng ghi)


Khi nim v phn mm

Thnh phn lu tr (thnh phn d liu)

Cho php lu tr li (chc nng ghi) cc kt qu x l

V d: Vic mn sch c kim tra hp l, bng lngthng c tnh

trn b nh ph vi t chc lu tr c xc nh trc

V d: tp tin c cu trc, tp tin nh phn, c s d liu

Cho php truy xut li (chc nng c) cc d liu lu trphc v cho cc hm x l tng ng

Mt cch tng qut thnh phn d liu l h thng chuyn cghi d liu cng vi m hnh t chc lu tr d liu tng ng.Mc tiu chnh ca thnh phn ny l chuyn i d liu gia bnh chnh v b nh ph


Khi nim lp phn mm

Lp phn mm:

Lp phn mm l h thng cc phn mm trn cngmt lnh vc hot ng no

Do cng lnh vc hot ng nn cc phn mm cnglp thng c cu trc v chc nng tng t nhau

Mc tiu ca ngnh Cng ngh Phn mm

Xy dng c phn mm c cht lng

D dng xy dng phn mm mi t cc phn mmc sn cng lp


Cht lng phn mm

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc

Tnh ng n

Tnh ng n:

- y

- Chnh xc

Di gc nhn ca Ngi s dng


Cht lng phn mm

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc

Tnh tin dng

Tnh tin dng:

- D hc

- D s dng

- Giao din trc quan

- T nhin

Tnh ng n



Cht lng phn mm

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khcTnh hiu qu

Tnh hiu qu:

- Ti u s dng CPU*

- Ti u s dng b nh*

- Ti u s dng thit b

Tnh ng nTnh tin dng



Cht lng phn mm

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc

Tnh tng thch

Tnh tng thch:

- Import/Export d liu

- Tng tc

Tnh ng nTnh tin dngTnh hiu qu



Cht lng phn mm

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc

Tnh tin ha

Tnh tin ha: mt trong cc tnh cht quan trng nht c quan tm xem xt trong ngnh Cng ngh Phn mm

Tnh ng nTnh tin dngTnh hiu quTnh tng thch



Cht lng phn mm

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc

Tnh tin haTnh ng nTnh tin dngTnh hiu quTnh tng thch



Cht lng phn mm

Tnh d kim tra: vic kim tra cc thnh phn ph hp viyu cu phn mm l d dng nht c th c

Tnh d sa li: khi c s khng ph hp (so vi yu cu)trong qu trnh kim tra mt thnh phn, vic pht hiu chnhxc v tr li v sa li l nhanh nht c th c.

Tnh d bo tr: khi cn nng cp, ci tin mt thnh phn(theo yu cu mi), vic cp nht phn mm l nhanh, chnhxc nht c th c v c bit l c gng hn ch nhhng n cc thnh phn khc

Tnh ti s dng: cc thnh phn thc hin c th dngli trong cc phn mm cng lp (hoc cng lnh vc) vithi gian v cng sc t nht c th c

Di gc nhn ca chuyn vin Tin hc


Pht trin ca Cng ngh phn mm

Giai on 1 (1950 gia 1960)

X l theo l, x l tp trung, t x l phn tn, t sa i phn mm

Giai on 2 (t gia 1960 n gia 1970)

H thng a chng trnh v a ngui dng

Bt u cuc khng hong phn mm

Giai on 3 (t gia 1970 n gia 1980)

S pht trin v s dng rng ri my tnh c nhn

S pht trin ca cc cng ty phn mm

Giai on 4 (t gia 1980 n nay)

Phn cng ngy cng pht trin

H thng phn mm ngy cng a dng, phong ph, x l ngy cng phc tp, cng ngh ngy cng pht trin


Cuc khng hong phn mm

S lng cc phn mm tng vt (do s pht trin ca phn cng: tng kh nng, gi thnh h)

C qu nhiu khuyt im trong cc phn mm c dng trong x hi:

Thc hin khng ng yu cu (tnh ton sai, khng n nh)

Thi gian bo tr nng cp qu lu, chi ph cao, hiu qu thp

Kh s dng

Thc hin chm

Khng chuyn i d liu gia cc phn mm


Cuc khng hong phn mm

Mt s kt lun:

Vic tng vt s lng phn mm l iu hp l v scn tip din

Cc khuyt im ca phn mm c ngun gc chnht phng php, cch thc v quy trnh tin hnh xydng phn mm:

Cm tnh: mi ngi theo mt phng php ring

Th s, n gin: ch tp trung vo vic lp trnhm t quan tm n cc cng vic cn lm khc(kho st hin trng, phn tch yu cu, thit k)

Th cng: cn thiu cc cng c h tr quy trnhpht trin


Cc nh ngha v CNPM

Bauer [1969]: SE l vic thit lp v s dng cc nguyn l cng ngh ng n thu c phn mm 1 cch kinh t va tin cy va lm vic hiu qu trn cc my thc.

Parnas [1987]: SE l vic xy dng phn mm nhiu phin bn bi nhiu ngi.

Sommerville [1995]: SE l mt nguyn l k ngh lin quan n tt c cc mt (l thuyt, phng php v cng c) ca sn phn mm


Cc nh ngha v CNPM

IEEE [1993]:

1. vic p dng phng php tip cn c h thng, bi bn v c lng ha trong pht trin, vn hnh v bo tr phn mm;

2. nghin cu cc phng php tip cn c dng trong (1)

Pressman [1995]: SE l b mn tch hp c quy trnh, cc phng php, cc cng c pht trin phn mm my tnh


Cng ngh phn mm

Khi nim: Cng ngh phn mm l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu v vic xy

dng cc phn mm c cht lng vi chi ph hp l trongkhong thi gian hp l

i tng nghin cu: Quy trnh cng ngh

Phng php xy dng phn mm

Cng c h tr pht trin phn mm

Cng ngh phn mm

Phng php Cng c Quy trnh


Cng ngh phn mm

Cc i tng nghin cu ca Cng ngh phn mm : Quy trnh phn mm:

H thng cc giai on m qu trnh pht trin phn mm phi triqua,

vi mi giai on cn xc nh r:

Mc tiu, kt qu nhn t giai on trc , Kt qu chuyn giao cho giai on k tip

Phng php pht trin phn mm: H thng cc hng dn cho php tng bc thc hin mt giai

on no trong quy trnh phn mm

Cng c v Mi trng pht trin phn mm: H thng cc phn mm tr gip trong lnh vc xy dng phn

mm H tr cc chuyn vin tin hc trong cc bc xy dng phn mm

theo mt phng php no vi mt quy trnh c chn trc


Quy trnh Cng ngh Phn mm

Xy dng phn mm cn phi thc hin theo trnh t no?

Cn bao nhiu ngi tham gia? vai tr ca tng thnh vin? t chc qun l cc thnh vin?

Giao tip gia cc thnh vin trong h thng?

Quy trnh Cng ngh Phn mm Software Development Process



B phn tip nhnyu cu ca khch hng

Business Analyst

Lm th no tip nhn chnh xc yu cu ca khch hng?

Lm th no c t ng yu cu ca khch hng?

Lm th no giao tip, tng tc vi b phn pht trin h thng?

Lm th no kim tra h thng pht trin ng theo yu cu trc khi thc hin trin khai n khch hng?



B phn pht trinphn mm

Developer

Lm th no thit k h thng ng vi yu cu ca ngi dng?

Lm th no giao tip, tng tc vi cc thnh vin trong b phn pht trin phn mm?

Lm th no qun l, theo di tin trnh thc hin phn mm?



Development

Business Analyst

B phn pht trin phn mm

B phn tip nhn yu cu ca

khch hng


M hnh thc ncKho st

Phn tch

Thit k

Ci t

Kim tra

Trin khai

Bo tr


Giai on kho st

Kho st

Kt qu:

Ni dung: Xc nh quy trnh x l nghip v

Thu thp biu mu thng k

Ti liu c t kin trc h thng:

Yu cu chc nng

Yu cu phi chc nng

Kin trc h thng


Giai on kho st (tt)

Xt H thng qun l gio v ti trng i hc Qui trnh x l nghip v

X l nhp hc X l nhp im X l sinh vin tt nghip Qun l ging vin

Bo biu thng k H s sinh vin H s ging vin Bng im sinh vin Bng im theo lp Danh sch lp .


Giai on kho st (tt)

Kt qu Yu cu chc nng:

Lu tr nhng thng tin g ? Tra cu theo tiu chun no ? X l tnh ton theo cng thc no ? Kt xut, thng k ?

Yu cu phi chc nng: Ci t trn mi trng no ? Windows ? Web ? S dng h qun tr c s d liu no ?

Access/SQL Server/Oracle/DB2

S dng cng ngh g ? Java/.NET/Delphi/PHP/


Giai on kho st (tt)

Xt h thng qun l gio v trng i hc:

Kin trc h thng:

Windows Application

Database Server


Giai on kho st (tt)


Kin trc h thng:

Web Server

Database Server

Client


Giai on phn tch

Phn tch

Kt qu:

Ni dung:

Phn tch kh thi

Xy dng m hnh d liu mc quan nim

Xy dng m hnh x l

H s phn tch:

M hnh ERD (CDM)

M hnh DFD

Phng n trin khai h thng


Giai on phn tch (tt)


Phng n trin khai - PA1




Phng n trin khai PA2




Phng n trin khai PA3

Database ServerModule Sinh vin(NV B ph trch) Printer Server

Module Ging vin(NV A ph trch)



Xt h thng qun l gio v ti trng i hc:

M hnh thc th kt hp (ERD)

0,n

0,n

0,n

0,n

SinhVien

MaSV

HoTenSV

NgaySinh

NoiSInh

MonHoc

MaMon

TenMon

Nganh

MaNganh

TenNganh

Khoa

MaKhoa

TenKhoa

Mon hoc nganh

SoTinChi

Dang Ky Hoc Mon

Lan

HocKy

NienKhoa

Diem...

Quan Huyen

MaQuan

TenQuan

Tinh Thanh

MaTinh

TenTinh

CDM Conceptual Data Model

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram




M hnh x l DFD

H s

s

inh v

in


Thit k

Kt qu:

Ni dung: Thit k d liu

Thit k x l

Thit k giao din

H s thit k:

M hnh PDM

Kin trc Module

H thng chc nng

H thng giao din

Giai on thit k


Giai on thit k (tt)


M hnh vt l (PDM)

PDM Physical Data Model

SinhVien

MaSV

MaQuan

MaKhoa

MaNganh

HoTenSV

NgaySinh

NoiSInh

MonHoc

MaMon

TenMon

Nganh

MaNganh

MaKhoa

TenNganh

Khoa

MaKhoa

TenKhoa

Mon hoc nganh

MaMon

MaNganh

SoTinChi

Dang Ky Hoc Mon

MaSV

MaMon

Lan

HocKy

NienKhoa

Diem

Quan Huyen

MaQuan

MaTinh

TenQuan

Tinh Thanh

MaTinh

TenTinh


Giai on thit k (tt)

Kin trc phn h - Module


Giai on thit k (tt)

H thng chc nng Module Qun l Sinh vin

Qun l sinh vin

Danh sch SV Qun l kha hc

Qun l ng k hc phn

Qun l hc ph


Giai on thit k (tt)

H thng giao din phn h sinh vin:


Giai on thit k (tt)

Module qun l sinh vin:


Giai on thit k (tt)

H thng giao din phn h Ging vin:


Ci t

Kt qu:

Ni dung: To CSDL

To giao din

Ci t cc x l

Source code:

Giao din

DLL

ActiveX Control

Sample Database

Chng trnh: EXE, Web App

Giai on ci t


Kim tra

Kt qu:

Ni dung: Kim li

Kim li phn h

Kim li h thng

Roadmap

Test plan

Test case

Bug

Test report

Giai on kim tra


Trin khai

Kt qu:

Ni dung: ng gi sn phm

Ci t th nghim vi d liu tht ca khch hng

Hng dn s dng

Chng trnh ci t

Ti liu hng dn ci t

Ti liu hng dn cu hnh h thng

Giai on trin khai


Su liu/Ti liu lin quan

Ti liu k thut Ti liu kho st Ti liu phn tch Ti liu thit k Ti liu hng dn lp trnh Ti liu hng dn ng gi chng trnh

Ti liu hng dn ngi dng Broche Installation guide User Manual Release Notes Upgrade or Hot fixing guide (Version History)


Bo tr

Kt qu:

Ni dung: H tr sa li

Theo di thay i yu cu

Nng cp

Ti liu hng dn gii quyt s c

Ti liu hng dn nng cp

Hostfix / Service Pack

Giai on bo tr


M hnh thc nc m rng

Kho st

Phn tch

Thit k

Ci t

Kim tra

Trin khai

Bo tr


Quy trnh Prototype

Xc nh yu cu

Thit k nhanh

Xy dngPrototype

nh gi v xc nh r yu cu

Pht trin phn mm


Quy trnh xon c

Tip xcKhch hng

Lp k hoch

Phn tch ri ro

Phn tch, thit k

Xy dng v trin khai

nh gica khch hng


Quy trnh xon c

Qui trnh c biu din dng xon c thay v mt dy cc hot ng vi quay lui.

Mi ln lp trong xon c biu din mt pha trong qui trnh.

Khng c cc pha c nh nh c t hay thit k - s ln lp trong xon c c chn ph thuc vo nhu cu.

Cc ri ro c nh gi v gii ta mt cch r rng xuyn sut qui trnh.


CASE

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) l cc cng c phn mm c chun ha h tr cc qui trnh pht trin v tin ha phn mm.

T ng ha cc hot ng Trnh san tho ha cho pht trin m hnh phn

mm; Th vin d liu qun l cc thc th thit k; Trnh xy dng GUI cho vic xy dng giao din

ngi dng; Trnh g li h tr tm li; Trnh dch t ng to phin bn mi ca mt

chng trnh.


Phn loi CASE

Phn loi gip chng ta hiu c cc kiu cng c CASE khc nhau v s h tr ca chng cho cc hot ng trong qui trnh.

Gc nhn chc nng

Cc cng c c phn loi theo chc nng c th ca chng.

Gc nhn qui trnh

Cc cng c c phn loi theo cc hot ng ca qui trnh m n h tr.

Gc nhn kt hp

Cc cng c c phn loi theo t chc ca chng thnh cc n v kt hp.


Cu hi

1. Phn bit khoa hc my tnh vi Cng ngh Phn mm?

2. Phn bit Cng ngh H thng vi Cng ngh Phn mm?

3. Quy trnh phn mm l g?

4. M hnh Quy trnh pht trin phn mm l g?


Cu hi (tt)

5. Xy dng mt sn phm phn mm phi u t nhng chi ph no ?

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 1 HIENLTH

Ch 2:

Kho st hin trng & Xc nh yu cu


Ni dung

Tng quan v Yu cu PM

Xc nh yu cu

c t yu cu

Thm nh yu cu

c t h thng v lm bn mu


KHO ST HIN TRNG

Phn 1


Ni dung

Giai on kho st hin trng v xc nh yu cu Hin trng t chc Hin trng nghip v Hin trng Tin hc (phn cng, phn mm, con

ngi) Xc nh v thu thp yu cu:

Phn loi yu cu: Yu cu chc nng: Lu tr, tra cu, tnh ton, kt xut Yu cu phi chc nng

K thut thu thp yu cu: Phng vn Bng cu hi Nghin cu cc ti liu Quan st thc t


Ni dung

Ti liu kho st hin trng yu cu

S dng Power Designer m t yu cu

Use Case Diagram

Business Process Model

Data Flow Diagram


Giai on kho st

Kho st

Phn tch

Thit k

Ci t

Kim tra

Trin khai

Bo tr

Kt qu:

Ni dung:

Xc nh quy trnh x l nghip v

Thu thp biu mu thng k

Ti liu c t kin trc h thng:

Yu cu chc nng

Yu cu phi chc nng

Kin trc h thng


Giai on kho st (tt)

Xt H thng qun l gio v ti trng i hc

Qui trnh x l nghip v

X l nhp hc

X l nhp im

X l sinh vin tt nghip

Qun l ging vin

Bo biu thng k

H s sinh vin

H s ging vin

Bng im sinh vin

Bng im theo lp

Danh sch lp


Giai on kho st (tt)

Kt qu Yu cu chc nng:

Lu tr nhng thng tin g? Tra cu theo tiu chun no? X l tnh ton theo cng thc no? Kt xut, thng k?

Yu cu phi chc nng: Ci t trn mi trng no? Windows hay Web? S dng h qun tr c s d liu no?

Access/SQL Server/Oracle/DB2

S dng cng ngh g? Java/.NET/Delphi/PHP/


Giai on kho st (tt)


Kin trc h thng:

Windows Application

Database Server


Giai on kho st (tt)


Kin trc h thng:

Web Server

Database Server

Client


YU CU CA NGI DNG


Yu cu phn mm

Yu cu ngi s dng (user requirements): Nhng pht biu bng ngn ng t nhin, biu m t cc

dch v m h thng cung cp v cc rng buc.

Yu cu h thng (system requirements):nu ra cc dch v ca h thng v chi tit cc rng buc. Ti liu

ny (c th c gi l c t chc nng) cn r rng, chnh xc.

N c dng lm c s cho hp ng gia khch hng v ngi

pht trin h thng.

c t phn mm: l m t khi qut cc chc nng phn mm tr gip hot ng nghip v lm c s thit k v trin

khai phn mm sau ny. Ti liu c t phn mm c b sung

thm cc chi tit tr thnh ti liu c t yu cu h thng.


Xc nh yu cu

Khi no thc hin xc nh yu cu?

Quy trnh thc hin xc nh yu cu ?

c t yu cu ngi dng nh th no ?


Xc nh yu cu (tt)

Xc nh yu cu c thc hin trong cc trng hp sau:

C yu cu t pha khch hng

K hoch thc hin d n c chp nhn (Project proposed)


Su liu hin trng v yu cu

Su liu m t hin trng, yu cu bao gm:

Qui trnh x l nghip v

Yu cu chc nng v phi chc nng

Danh sch mu biu thng k

Kin trc h thng

Phng n trin khai h thng

K hoch s b thc hin, trin khai d n


Danh sch biu mu thng k

Bo co, thng k gm cc loi sau:

Bo co c in trn biu mu in sn

Bo co c in trn giy trng

V d: danh sch mu biu thng k h thng qun l nhn s:

H s nhn vin

Hp ng lao ng (biu mu)

Danh sch nhn vin thuc phng ban

Danh sch nhn vin c tng lng

Danh sch nhn vin c b nhim chc v mi

.


Kho st hin trng

Hin trng t chc

Hin trng nghip v

Hin trng Tin hc (phn cng, phn mm, con ngi)


Kho st hin trng

Hin trng t chc

i ni: C cu t chc ni b

Bn thn t chc l mt h thng, c c cu t chc

S c cu t chc ni b

Cch nhn tng th v 1 t chc

i ngoi: T chc Mi trng ca t chc


Kho st hin trng

Hin trng nghip v

Hiu c quy trnh nghip v: mc tiu quantrng nht ca kho st hin trng

C bao nhiu nghip v, bao nhiu quy trnh?

Di gc nhn ca ngi lm qun l, khng phica chuyn vin Tin hc

Nghip v c thc hin nh th no?

Cc cng on, b phn lin quan

Tn sut? Thi im thc hin


Kho st hin trng

Hin trng nghip v (tt)

Khi lng tc v/quyt nh?

nh gi nghip v hin ti

Cn c nhng nhn xt ca nhng ngi chuynmn trong gung my cng tc hin ti

C vn /kh khn g hin ti hay khng?Nguyn nhn?

Vn /kh khn c lp vi cng ngh, ch linquan n chuyn mn nghip v th cn gii quytngay


Kho st hin trng

Hin trng Tin hc

Phn cng:

Cc thit b hin ti,

S lng,

Cu hnh,

V tr (vt l),

Tnh hnh kt ni mng,

Loi kt ni


Kho st hin trng

Hin trng Tin hc (tt)

Phn mm:

H iu hnh

H qun tr CSDL

Cc phn mm tin ch khc

Con ngi:

Trnh chuyn mn Tin hc


Xc nh v thu thp yu cu

Phn loi yu cu: C 2 loi yu cu chnh:

Yu cu chc nng (functional requirements):

L danh sch cc cng vic s c thc hin trn my tnh cng vi cc thng tin m t tng ng.

Yu cu phi chc nng (non--functional requirements) L cc yu cu lin quan n cht lng phn

mm. (Yu cu v cht lng PM)

L s rng buc trn cch thc thc hin yu cu chc nng.


V d Phn loi yu cu

Yu cu Loi

Thng k doanh thu bn hng Chc nng

Tra cu sch Chc nng

X l v phn hi nhanh Phi chc nng

Bo mt mt khu Phi chc nng


Yu cu chc nng

c chia lm 2 loi:

Yu cu chc nng nghip v.

Yu cu chc nng h thng.


Yu cu chc nng nghip v

Cc chc nng ca PM

tng ng vi cng vic c tht trong th gii thc.

C 4 loi chc nng chnh ng vi 4 loi nghip v thng dng trong cc lnh vc:

Chc nng Lu tr

Chc nng Tra cu

Chc nng Tnh ton

Chc nng Kt xut


Yu cu chc nng nghip v (tt)

Chc nng lu tr: Tng ng vi cc cng vic ghi chp thng tin s sch.

VD: ghi nhn im thi kt thc hc phn ca sinh vin vi qui nh im s (t 0 n 10)

Chc nng tra cu: Tng ng vi cc cng vic tm kim v xem thng tin tng ng.

VD: tm sch v xem tnh trng sch

Chc nng tnh ton: Tng ng vi cc cng vic tnh ton (theo qui nh, cng thc cho trc)

VD: tnh tin pht tr sch tr hn theo qui nh pht

Chc nng kt xut: Tng ng vi cc cng vic lp cc bo co (theo biu mu cho trc)

VD: Lp bo co thng k v s lt mn sch theo tng th loi trong nm


Yu cu chc nng h thng

L cc chc nng PM phi pht sinh thm khi tin hnh cc cng vic trn my tnh thay v trong th gii thc.

L cc chc nng khng tng ng vi bt k cng vic no trong th gii thc (c nhu cu nhng khng th thc hin th cng).

Mt s chc nng h thng thng dng sau: Phn quyn s dng gia cc loi ngi dng.

Sao lu, backup, phc hi thng tin.

nh cu hnh thit b, ngy gi lm vic.

M phng hot ng th gii thc.

Bo ng, nhc nh ngi dng.


Yu cu chc nng h thng (tt)

Phn quyn s dng gia cc loi ngi dng.

VD: Phn quyn cho 3 loi ngi dng trong phn mm qun l th vin. Qun tr h thng: c quyn s dng tt c cc

chc nng.

Th th: ch s dng cc chc nng lin quan n vic mn tr sch.

c gi: ch s dng chc nng tra cu.

Sao lu, backup, phc hi thng tin.

VD: Sao lu thng tin cc hc sinh ra trng v ch phc hi khi cn thit.


Phn quyn s dng

STT Chc nng c gi Th thQun trH thng

1 Lp th c gi X X

2 Tip nhn sch mi X X

3 Tra cu sch X X X

4 Cho mn sch X X

5 Nhn tr sch X X

6 Lp bo co X X

7 Thay i qui nh X

8 Sao lu, phc hi X

9 X

Th th v Qun tr phi ng nhp trc khi s dng


Yu cu chc nng h thng (tt)

nh cu hnh thit b, ngy gi lm vic.

Chn loi my in, kch thc giy, nin kho hin hnh, thng lm vic hin ti

Bo ng, nhc nh ngi dng.

Nhc nh th th gi giy bo i sch khi c c gi mn sch qu hn.

Bo ng khi c khch hng thiu n qu lu hay s tin qu ln.


Yu cu phi chc nng

Yu cu v sn phm: Yu cu kh dng Yu cu hiu qu (v hiu nng, v khng gian), tc x l Yu cu v tin cy Yu cu kh chuyn

Yu cu v t chc: Yu cu chuyn giao Yu cu trin khai Yu cu v chun

Yu cu m rng: Yu cu hot ng bn trong Yu cu o c Yu cu php l Yu cu v c nhn Yu cu an ton


Xc nh v thu thp yu cu

Khi nim:

Qu trnh nm bt yu cu

Lm r yu cu

Gi m yu cu

K thut thu thp yu cu:

Phng vn

Bng cu hi

Nghin cu cc ti liu

Quan st thc t

Lp kch bn (scenarios)

Phn tch thit k nhm (JAD)


Phng vn

Phng vn c nhn/phng vn nhm? Phng vn c nhn Phng vn nhm

Phng vn t do/phng vn c nh hng? Phng vn t do

Ngi c hi c cm gic thoi mi, cung cp nhiu thng tin su sc

Nguy c: khng c c nhng thng tin cn thit, thng tin kh h thng c

Phng vn c nh hng Ngi c hi c th cm thy khng thoi mi, t c kh nng ghi

nhn c nhn xt, kin, suy ngh ring ca ngi c phngvn, t cm nhn c thi ca h i vi hin trng.

C th nh hng ni dung cn tm hiu, c th h thng ha cc vn ghi nhn c


Phng vn (tt)

Lm vic vi cp lnh o nm mc tiu ca h thng phn mm cn xy dng, nhng i tng cn phng vn

Yu cu cp lnh o thng bo xung cc phng ban, n v hp tc

Phn tch xc nh ng v nhng i tng cn phng vn

Hn lch lm vic Xc nh trc v tr/trch nhim ca ngi

sp phng vn


Phng vn (tt)

Khi tm hiu, cn ghi nhn cc thng tin:

Ni dung: ci g?

Bao gi c: thi gian + thi hn

Bng cch no c ni dung thng tin

Ni dung dng g?

nh gi ca ngi c phng vn v tnh hnh hin ti thc hin nghip v

Khng nn:

a nhn xt c nhn ca ngi phng vn

Dng thut ng/ngn ng Tin hc


S dng bng cu hi

Phi trnh by r: Mc ch ca bng cu hi,

Mc ch s dng nhng thng tin trong bng cu hi,

Tnh bo mt thng tin tr li (khng tit l ai l ngi cung cp thng tin, khng l ra ngoi t chc)

Hng dn cch in: rt cn thit, cn lu trnh hiu nhm

Thi hn tr v Cn nhc khi gn n thi hn

Cu hi trnh by r rng

Hnh thc bng cu hi phi d dng x l t ng

Cn dnh ch ghi cu tr li. Thm ch cho li bnh

Khng phi ch cui trang, hay cui bng cu hi,

Nn d kin nhng cu hi no s c kin thm th nn c sn ch ghi li bnh ngay di cu hi )


Nghin cu cc ti liu

Cc ti liu (c th tm hiu nhng vn bn chung)

Nhng quy nh ni b

Cc bo co lin quan

Nhng quy nh v quy trnh nghip v Rt kh c y vn bn quy nh v quy trnh nghip v

n v t chun ISO?

Nhng quy nh bt thnh vn !!!

Thng d tin hnh hn k thut phng vn hay bng cu hi

Thng c tin hnh trc lm c s chun b cho vic phng vn hay dng bng cu hi


Quan st thc t

Tin hnh sau cng (nu cn thit)

Kim tra li:

hiu ng nghip v hin ti?

C nhng ngoi l?

Pht hin nhng kh khn, l hng trong quy trnh nghip v


Phng php lp kch bn

tng:

Xem phn mm nh mt v kch

Phn chc nng thnh nhng tnh hung s dng

Mi tnh hung s dng cho mt kch bn din

u im:

Yu cu c gom nhm v c cu trc

Yu cu c m t chi tit v r rng


Phng php lp kch bn (tt)

Chc nng(mn din)

Tnh hung(cnh din)

M t (kch bn)

ng nhp Ngi dng ng nhp thnh cng

H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp v mt khu Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp H thng: Chuyn ti mn hnh chnh

Ngi dng ng nhp thnh cng

H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp v mt khu Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp H thng: thng bo sai v ngh cung cp li

Qun tr ng nhp thnh cng

H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp, mt khu v cu hi b mt

Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp H thng: Chuyn ti mn hnh chnh

Qun tr ng nhp thnh cng

H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp, mt khu v cu hi b mt

Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp H thng: thng bo sai v ngh cung cp li


Phn tch thit k nhm - JAD

JAD Joint Application Design K thut p dng cho cc giai on phn tch

yu cu v c t Cc nh pht trin v khch hng lm vic nh

mt nhm chung v c trch nhim chung ivi kt qu u ra.

Nhm lm vic s tho lun cc yu cu cn c,thit k cc mn hnh v bo co, xy dng mhnh nh khung nhanh, rt ra cc c t

Ch yu da trn s ng thun (consensus)


References

Slide bi ging CNPM, H KHTN, TpHCM.

Trn Ngc Bo, Slide bi ging CNPM, H S phm TpHCM.


Q & A

44


THE END

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2b - 1 HIENLTH

Ch 2:

Kho st hin trng & Xc nh yu cu


C T YU CU

Phn 2


c t yu cu

c t yu cu l qu trnh b sung cc thng tin vo ti liu xc nh yu cu v pht trin cc m hnh phn tch

Quan trng v chi ph sa i cao nu gp sai st


c t yu cu

C th s dng cc m hnh/lc sau m t yu cu ca khch hng

Use-case diagram (OOM)

Activity diagram (OOM)

Business Process Model (BPM)

Requirement Model (RM)

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)


M hnh ho yu cu

Vn : Cc m t v yu cu trong giai on xc nh yu cu:

Ch m t cc thng tin lin quan n vic thc hin cc nghip v trong th gii thc.

Cha th hin r nt vic thc hin cc nghip v ny trn my tnh.

M t thng qua cc vn bn d gy ra nhm ln v khng trc quan.


M hnh ho yu cu

Mc tiu: M hnh ha th gii thc vi cc yu cu

xc nh, gii quyt cc vn trn.

Kt qu: S lung d liu ca tng cng vic

S phi hp gia cc cng vic

S lung d liu: L s biu th cc thng tin lin quan n

vic thc hin cc nghip v trong th gii thc bn trong my tnh.


Ni dung

M hnh ha yu cu:

Lc Use-case

Khi nim Actor v Usecase

V d

M hnh ha cc dng d liu ca mi Use-case

Gii thiu M hnh DFD

S dng m hnh DFD m hnh ha yu cu lu tr, tra cu, tnh ton, kt xut


M u

t vn :

Cc m t v yu cu trong giai on xcnh yu cu:

Ch m t ch yu cc thng tin lin quan n victhc hin cc nghip v trong th gii thc, chath hin r nt vic thc hin cc nghip v trnmy tnh

M t thng qu cc vn bn d gy ra nhm lnv khng trc quan

M hnh ha yu cu


Use Case Diagram

Ghi nhn chc nng h thng di gc nhn ca ngi s dng

c xy dng trong giai on u ca quy trnh

Mc tiu: c t ng cnh ca 01 h thng Nm bt cc yu cu ca h thng Xc nhn tnh hp l ca kin trc h thng nh hng qu trnh ci t v pht sinh cc trng

hp test

c dng bi nh phn tch


Tn Actor

Khi nim Actor

Tc nhn BN NGOI h thng

C tng tc vi h thng

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc


Tn Actor

Actor Nhm ngi s dng

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc


C tng tc vi h thng


V d

STT Yu cu

1 Tip nhn hc sinh

2 Lp danh sch lp

3 Tra cu hc sinh

4 Nhn bng im mn

5 Xem bo co tng kt

6 Thay i quy nh

Nhm ngi dng

Gio v?

Gio v?

Mi ngi? Ph huynh? Hc sinh?

Gio vin? Gio v?

Ban gim hiu?

Ban gim hiu? Qun tr h thng?

Xt phn mm Qun l hc sinh cp III

Mt nhm ngi dng tng ng vi mt Actor Mi Nhm ngi dng (Actor) c quyn s dng mt hay nhiu

chc nng trong h thng Mt chc nng c th cho php nhiu Nhm ngi dng s dng Nhiu nhm ngi dng c cng cc quyn hn ging nhau Nn xt l 1 Actor hay nhiu Actor? Vic xc nh Actor ph thuc ng cnh v quy trnh thc t


V d

STT Yu cu

1 Lp th c gi

2 Nhn sch mi

3 Tra cu sch

4 Lp phiu mn

5 Nhn tr sch

6 Thay i quy nh

Nhm ngi dng

Th th

Th th

Th th? c gi? Khch bt k?

Th th

Th th

Th th? Qun tr h thng?

Xt phn mm Qun l th vin


Tn Actor

Actor Phn cng ngoi vi


C tng tc vi h thng

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc


V d

V d: Phn mm qun l Siu th:

c thng tin t thit b c m vch

Phn mm qun l ca t ng:

c thng tin t camera

Pht lnh iu khin m ca

Phn mm qun l ra vo cc phng trong cng s

c tn hiu t u c th t

Pht lnh iu khin m ca

Phn mm chng trm

c tn hiu t camera, sensor

Pht lnh iu khin ra loa, n, in thoi

Cc thit b ngoi vim phn mm cn tng tc

C cn lit k tt c thit b ngoi vi?


Tn Actor

Actor Phn mm khc


C tng tc vi h thng

Phn mm

Con ngi

Phn cng

Phn mm khc


V d

Kt xut/np d liu t Excel

Kt xut d liu bo co ra phn mm gi email (Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express)

Phn mm trung gian kt ni chuyn i email t dng Web-based sang POP3 (v d Yahoo!Pop)


Nhn din cc Actor

Tr li mt s cu hi nh: Ai l ngi s dng chc nng chnh ca h thng? Ai cn s h tr t h thng thc hin cng vic

thng nht ca h? Ai phi thc hin cng vic bo dng, qun tr v gi

cho h thng hot ng? H thng s kim sot thit b phn cng no? H thng ang xy dng cn tng tc vi nhng h

thng khc hay khng ? Ai hoc vt th no quan tm n hay chu nh hng

bi kt qu m h thng phn mm to ra?


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Mt Use-Case l mt chui cc hnh ng mh thng thc hin mang li mt kt qu quanst c i vi actor. C th hiu mt Use-Case l mt chc nngca h thng, mang mt ngha nht nh ivi ngi dng


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Mi use case c cc thuc tnh sau: Action Steps Extension Points Exceptions Pre-Conditions Post-Conditions


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Action Steps: M t cc bc thng thng tng tc

gia ngi dng v h thng khi thc hinUse case ny


Khi nim Use-Case

Action Steps: Chn chc nng xem thi kha biu Hin th mn hnh cho php ngi dng chn thng

tin cn xem g Chn nin kha t danh sch hin c trong h

thng Chn hc k t danh sch hin c trong h thng Chn lp hoc tn ging vin cn xem trong danh

sch lp v ging vin hin c trong h thng Hin th thng tin chi tit thi kha biu lp hoc

thi kha biu ca ging vin


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Extension Points: M t cc trng hp ngoi l khi s dng

Use case ny


Khi nim Use-Case

Extension Points: Nu ngi dng hy b chc nng xem thi kha

biu th h thng quay tr li mn hnh trc khingi dng chn chc nng xem thi kha biu

Nu ngi dng chn xem thi kha biu ca tt ccc lp th hin th TKB ca tt c cc lp cc lp

Ngi dng c th chn xem thi kha biu ca ttc cc ging vin

Ngi dng c th in thi kha biu ca tng lp Ngi dng c th in thi kha biu ca tng ging

vin


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Exceptions X l li xy ra trong qu trnh ngi dng

s dng chc nng ny


Khi nim Use-Case

Exceptions Ngi dng chn lp cha c thng tin, h

thng bo li v yu cu ngi dng chnlp khc

Ngi dng chn ging vin cha c thngtin, h thng bo li v yu cu ngi dngchn ging vin khc

Trnh duyt khng hin th c do lijavascript, h thng bo li v yu cungi dng chn trnh duyt khc (v dFireFox, Mozila,..)


Khi nim Use-Case

Exceptions Trnh duyt khng hin th c do li

ng truyn mng (Request timeout) hthng yu cu ngi dng refresh li chcnng ny

Trnh duyt khng hin th c do li ktni CSDL (Connection) h thng yu cungi dng refresh li chc nng ny


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Pre-Conditions iu kin cn thc hin hnh ng


Use-Case

Khi nim Use-Case

Post-Conditions iu kin cn kt thc hnh ng


V d

STT Yu cu

1 Tip nhn hc sinh

2 Lp danh sch lp

3 Tra cu hc sinh

4 Nhn bng im mn

5 Xem bo co tng kt

6 Thay i quy nh


C bao nhiu Use-case trong v d ny?

Bao gm c tnh nng Thm mi, Xa, v Sa


V d

STT Yu cu

1 Tip nhn hc sinh

2 Lp danh sch lp

3 Tra cu hc sinh

4 Nhn bng im mn

5 Xem bo co tng kt

6 Thay i quy nh



Bao gm c tnh nng Thm mi, Xa, v Sa


V d

STT Yu cu

1 Lp th c gi

2 Nhn sch mi

3 Tra cu hc sinh

4 Lp phiu mn

5 Nhn tr sch

6 Thay i quy nh

Xt phn mm Qun l th vin



V d

STT Yu cu

1 Sp t mch in

2 Cung cp ngun in

3 Thay i thng s

4 Lu bi th nghim

5 Ly li th nghim

6 Thay i quy nh

Phn mm th nghim mch in



Tm kim Use Case

Tr li mt s cu hi nh:

Actor yu cu chc nng g ca h thng?

Actor cn phi c, to, xo, sa i hoc lu tr thng tin no ca h thng khng?

Actor cn thit phi c cnh bo v nhng s kin trong h thng, hay actor cn phi bo hiu cho h thng v vn no khng?

H thng c th h tr mt s cng vic thng nht ca actor no hay khng?


Tm kim Use Case (tt)

Mt s cu hi khc cn ch :

H thng cn d liu input/ouput no? D liu n t u?

Nhng kh khn no lin quan n hin thc ca h thng hin ti (chng hn h thng qun l bng giy t nn c thay th bng h thng qun l trn my tnh)?


S Use-case

Rt tin

Khch hngKim tra ti khon

S tng tc gia Actor v Use-caseChiu ca mi tn th hin vai tr ch ng trong s tng tc


Tng qut ha gia cc Actor

Ngi s dng

Gio vin Gio v


Quan h gia cc Use Case

Use case Use case

Dependency: Ph thuc

Nhap TKB

Dang Nhap

Giao vu


Quan h gia cc Use Case

Use case Use case

Generalization: K thaXem TKB

Xem TKB Giang vien Xem TKB Sinh vien

Giang vien Sinh vien


V d minh ha

Use case diagrams m t h thng qun l thi kha biu:

Actor: Gio v khoa

Ging vin

Sinh vin

Use case: Xem thi kha biu

Nhp thi kha biu

Sa thi kha biu

Xa thi kha biu

ng nhp


V d minh ha

Use case diagram m t h thng qun l thi kha biu


To Use case diagram trong Power Designer

To mi Use Case Diagram ?

To actor

To Use case

M t thuc tnh cho Use case

To mi quan h gia cc Use case/actor, use case/use case

Pht sinh report


V d: H thng ATM

Mt khch hng c th mun gi tin vo, rt tin rahoc n gin kim tra li s tin trong ti khon ca anhta qua my t ng rt tin (ATM). Khi a tin vo hocrt tin ra, cn phi ghi ra giy kt qu nhng chuyn dch thc hin v trao t giy ny cho khch hng.

Quan st cc chc nng cn bn v cc thnh phntham gia, ta thy c hai tc nhn d nhn ra nht l khchhng v ATM. Qua , c th nhn dng cc Use Case sau: Gi tin vo. Rt tin ra. Kim tra mc tin trong ti khon Thc hin cc chuyn dch ni b h thng In kt qu cc chuyn dch thc hin.


V d: H thng ATM (tt)

Cc Use case trong h thng ATM


M t hot ng rt tin t ATM

1. Use-Case bt u khi khch hng a th tn dng vo. H thng c v kim tra thng tin ca th.

2. H thng nhc nhp s PIN. H thng kim tra s PIN.

3. H thng hi tc v no khch hng mun thc hin. Khch hng chn Rt tin.

4. H thng hi s lng. Khch hng nhp s lng.5. H thng yu cu nhp kiu ti khon. Khch hng

chn Ti khon th.6. H thng lin lc vi ATM network . . .Yu cu: V s Use Case Diagram m t hot ng

rt tin ca khch hng.


V d v c t phn mm

M t qui trnh x l nhp hc trong ng dng qun l sinh vin ?

i tng, b phn, phng ban no tham gia vo quy trnh ? Sinh vin Phng o to Vn phng khoa Phng ti chnh (nu cn)

Thc hin nhng cng vic g ? Chun b h s nhp hc Np h s Nhp h s .


V d v c t phn mm

Dng BPM m t quy trnh x l nhp hc.


V d v c t phn mm



Cc thnh phn trong s BPM

Organization Unit

Process

Resource

Decision

Flow/Resource Flow

Start/End/Synchronization

CSDL QLSV : 2

Tiep nhan TKB

Kiem tra hop le

TKB lopXep TKBCSDL TKB

SInh Vien


S lung d liu (DFD)

Cc k hiu

Tc nhn/thit b (Ngi s dng, thit b pht sinh hay tip nhn d liu)

Khi x l

Lung d liu (thng tin)

B nh ph (H s, S sch, tp tin, csdl)


Cc cp s

Cc cp s Cp 0: Ton b phn mm l mt khi x l Cp 1: S cp 0 c th phn r thnh

nhiu s cp 1, cc s cp 1 ny phi m bo th hin y ngha s cp 0 (tc nhn, thit b, lung d liu, x l, b nh ph)

Cp 2: Mi s cp 1 li c th phn r thnh nhiu s cp 2 tng t nh vic phn r ca s cp 0


V d: s cp 0

Bang Bao Cao

Hop Dong

Ket Qua Yeu Cau

Yeu Cau Lap Dat

Yeu Cau Vat Tu Cap

Yeu Cau Vat Tu Tong Dai

Thong Tin Thi Truong

1

Quan Ly Lap Dat

Thue Bao

+

Khach Hang

Bo Phan

Nghien Cuu

Thi Truong

Ban Giam Doc


Tinh Trang Yeu Cau Khach Hang

[Yeu Cau Lap Dat]

[Ket Qua Yeu Cau]

[Thong Tin Thi Truong]

[Hop Dong]

[Bang Bao Cao]

[Yeu Cau Vat Tu Tong Dai]

[Yeu Cau Vat Tu Cap]

Cac Yeu Cau Co The Dap UngBang Tai Nguyen

Bang Ke Hoach

Yeu Cau Mo Rong

Thong tin Yeu Cau chua duoc dap ung

Bang Tai Nguyen

Thong Tin Tong Dai va Tuyen Cap

Thong Tin Thue Bao

Thong Tin Cap _ Thue Bao

Du Lieu Yeu Cau

Du Lieu Yeu Cau

Bo Phan

Nghien

Cuu Thi

Truong

Ban Giam

Doc

Khach

Hang

1.1

Xu Ly Yeu

Cau

+

1.3

Lap Dat

Thue Bao

+

1.4

Lap Ke

Hoach

+

1.5Lap Dat He

Thong va

Quan Ly

Mang+

1.2Xu Ly Yeu

Cau Mo

Rong

CSDL Yeu Cau Khach Hang

V d: s cp 1


S tng qut

Ngi dng

Thit b nhp Thit b xutX l

D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6

ngha tng dng d liuD1:.D2:.D3:.D4:.D5:.D6:.

Thut ton x l:-Bc 1:-Bc 2:-Bc 3:-..

D liu nhp

D liu xut

D liu c D liu ghi


S tng qut cho Yu cu lu tr

D1: Thng tin cn lu tr (da vo biu mu lin quan)

D5: Thng tin cn lu tr (ch c trong mt s yu cu c bit)

D3: Cc danh mc chn la D liu cn thit cho vic kim

tra tnh hp l (da vo quy nh)

D2: Cc danh mc chn la Kt qu thnh cng/tht bi

D4: D liu c lu tr (da vo biu mu). Ghi ch: Thng thngD4 = D1 (+ D5) (+ ID t pht sinh)

D6: D liu kt xut (ch c trong mt s yu cu c bit)

Ngi dng

Thit b nhp Thit b xutX l LT

D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



X l lu tr

c D3 ly cc tham s, quy nh v danh mc

Hin th D2 (cc danh mc)

Nhn thng tin D1, D5 (nu cn)

Kim tra cc thng tin D1, D5 c tha quy nh lin quan hay khng (da vo D3 nu cn thit)

Nu tha quy nh, ghi D4, thng bo kt qu D2 (nu cn) v xut D6 (nu cn thit)

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



Ghi ch:

D1 khng nht thit cha ton b thng tin trong biu mu lin quan

Ty theo quy nh c th c hay khng c D5

D4 hoc D6 khng nht thit phi trng vi D1 hoc D5

D2 khng nht thit phi trng vi D3

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6


S tng qut cho Yu cu tra cu

D1: Thng tin v i tng mun tm kim (da vo biu mu lin quan n i tng cn tm kim)

D5: Thng tin v i tng mun tm kim (ch c trong mt s yu cu c bit)

D3: Cc danh mc chn la D liu v i tng khi tm thy

(da vo biu mu lin quan n i tng cn tm kim)

D2: Cc danh mc chn la D liu v i tng khi tm thy

(da vo biu mu lin quan n i tng cn tm kim)

D6: D liu kt xut (thng thng l cn thit)

D4: D liu cn lu tr li Thng thng khng cn thit Cn thit khi no???

Ngi dng

Thit b nhp Thit b xutX l TC

D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



X l tra cu

c ly cc danh mc (D3)

Hin th D2 (cc danh mc)

Nhn thng tin v tiu ch tmkim D1, D5 (nu cn)

Tm kim theo cc tiu ch D1,D5, nhn c danh sch cci tng tm c (D3)

Hin th thng tin kt qu (D2)v kt xut D6 (nu cn)

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



Ghi ch: C rt nhiu mc khc nhau t

rt n gin n rt phc tp xc nh D1

D1 chc nhiu thng tin th vic tmkim s d dng cho ngi dng vngc li s kh khn cho phnthit k v ci t chc nng ny

D3 thng thng l danh sch cci tng tm thy cng vi thngtin lin quan.

D3 cng c rt nhiu mc khcnhau xc nh cc thng tin cai tng tm thy

D2 v D6 thng trng vi D3(nhng khng nht thit)

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6


S tng qut cho Yu cu tnh ton

D1: Thng tin v i tng cn thchin vic x l tnh ton (da vo ccbiu mu lin quan)

D5: Thng tin v i tng cn thchin vic x l tnh ton (ch c trongmt s yu cu c bit)

D3: D liu cn thit cho vic x l

tnh ton (da vo biu mu vquy nh lin quan)

Cc tham s tnh ton D4: Kt qu ca x l tnh ton D2: Kt qu ca x l tnh ton

(thng gm c D3 v D4) D6: D liu kt xut (thng gm c

D3 v D4)

Ngi dng

Thit b nhp Thit b xutX l TT

D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



X l tnh ton

Nhn thng tin D1, D5 (nucn)

c D3 ly cc d liu cnthit cho vic tnh ton (k ccc tham s)

S dng D1, D3, D5 v quynh lin quan tnh kt quD4

Ghi kt qu D4

Hin th thng tin kt qu D2v kt xut D6

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



Ghi ch:

D1 thng c cha yu t thigian thc hin x l tnh ton

C nhiu mc khc nhauxc nh D1 trong x l tnhton ( tng tnh tin dng)

D1 c th rng (tnh ton chomi i tng trong tt c ctmc thi gian lin quan)

D4 c th c hay khng c

=> Khi no cn D4?

Thng thng D2 v D6 baogm D3 v D4

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6


S tng qut cho Yu cu bo biu

D1: Thng tin v bo biu mun thchin (da vo biu mu lin quan)

D5: Thng tin v bo biu mun thchin (ch c trong mt s yu cu cbit)

D3: D liu cn thit cho vic tc hinbo biu (da vo biu mu v quynh lin quan)

D4: Thng tin c trong bo biu linquan (cn thit phi lu li) nhngcha c x l v ghi nhn li (yucu x l tnh ton)

D2: Thng tin v bo biu c lp(biu mu lin quan)

D6: D liu kt xut (thng ging D2)

Ngi dng

Thit b nhp Thit b xutX l BB

D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



X l bo biu

Nhn thng tin D1, D5 (nucn)

c D3 ly cc d liu cnthit cho vic lp bo biu

Nu c D4 th tnh ton theoquy nh v Ghi kt qu D4

Hin th thng tin bo biu D2v kt xut D6

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6



Ghi ch:

D1 thng c cha yu t thigian ca bo biu

C nhiu mc khc nhauxc nh D1 trong x l tnhton ( tng tnh tin dng)

D4 c th c hay khng c

=> Khi no cn D4?

Thng thng D2 v D6 baogm D3 v D4

Ngi dng


D1 D2

D3 D4

D5

D6


Bi tp

c t yu cu v xy dng Use case diagram cho cc ng dng sau: Qun l gii bng v ch quc gia

Qun l bnh chn bi ht hay Ln sng xanh

Qun l gio v trng i hc

Qun l gio v trng ph thng

Qun l bn hng

Qun l hc vin trung tm tin hc, ngoi ng

Qun l nhn s -tin lng

Qun l bn hng trc tuyn

Qun l nh tr


References

Bi ging ny tham kho:

Slide bi ging Nhp mn Cng ngh Phn mm, Trn Ngc Bo, H S phm TpHCM.

Slide bi ging Xy dng phn mm hng i tng, Trn Minh Trit, H KHTN TpHCM.

Gio trnh Nhp mn Cng ngh Phn mm, Nguyn Tin Huy, H KHTN TpHCM


Q & A

70


Cu hi v tho lun

?

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering CH3 Part 2 - 1 HIENLTH

Ch 3 (tt): Phn tch Phn mm


Phn tch Hng i tng


Ni dung

S lp mc phn tch Xc nh cc lp i tng chnh

Xc nh cc thng tin v hnh ng/trch nhim ca mi lp

i tng chnh

Xc nh cc quan h chnh

Xc nh cc lp i tng ph, cc danh mc

S lp v Kh nng tin ha ca h thng

S trng thi Khi nim v cc k hiu

Trng thi

Bin c, iu kin

Trng thi u, trng thi cui

Superstate

p dng


Mt s khi nim m u

Vn : M t li bng mt ngn ng no (thng l cc s ) nhm din t trc quan v vn

Phn tch: xy dng m hnh Th gii thc

Phn tch theo hng i tng: xy dng cc m hnh v cc i tng ca Th gii thc

Mt s loi S : S lp i tng: M t h thng cc lp i

tng (thuc tnh, hnh ng) cng vi cc quan hgia chng

S trng thi: M t chu trnh sng ca i tng


Nhc li v hng i tng


Nhc li v hng i tng

Tn class Tn class

(Cc) phng thc

(Cc) thuc tnh

Mt s k hiu


Public/Protected/Private

+ Thuc tnh/Phng thc public

- Thuc tnh/Phng thc private# Thuc tnh/Phng thc protected

Phng thc Public

Phng thc Protected

Phng thcPrivate

Class

- privateAttribute# protectedAttribute

+publicOp()# protectedOp()

- privateOp()


Class

- classifierScopeAttribute

classifierScopeOperation()

- instanceScopeAttribute

instanceScopeOperation()

Tm vc

Xc nh s lng th hin ca thuc tnh / phng thc


V d

CSinhVien

- name- address

- nextAvailID : int

+ addSchedule(theSchedule : Schedule, forSemester : Semester)+ getSchedule(forSemester : Semester) : Schedule+ hasPrerequisites(forCourseOffering : CourseOffering) : boolean# passed(theCourseOffering : CourseOffering) : boolean+ getNextAvailID() : int

- studentID


Nhn xt

Tn class

(Cc) phng thc

(Cc) thuc tnh

Bnh thng: Class bnh thngIn nghing: Class thun oGch di: Object (khng phi class)

Bnh thng: Thuc tnh bnh thngIn nghing: khng s dngGch di: Thuc tnh static

Bnh thng: Phng thc bnh thngIn nghing: Phng thc virtualGch di: Phng thc static


V d

CTamGiac

# CDiem P1# CDiem P2# CDiem P3

+ CTamGiac()+ float DienTich()+ float ChuVi()+ void Ve()+ ...

CTuGiac

# CDiem P1# CDiem P2# CDiem P3# CDiem P4

+ CTuGiac()+ float DienTich()+ float ChuVi()+ void Ve()+ ...

CEllipse

# CDiem Tam# float A# float B

+ CEllipse()+ float DienTich()+ float ChuVi()+ void Ve()+ ...

CHinhVe

# int MaLoaiHinhVe

+ float DienTich()+ float ChuVi()+ void Ve()+ ...


Quan h gia cc lp i tng

Quan h k tha

ClassB k tha t ClassA

ClassB l mt trng hp c bit ca ClassA

ClassA l trng hp tng qut ca ClassB



Quan h Association

Hoc

Trong ClassA c thuc tnh c kiu l ClassB

Hoc

Trong ClassB c thuc tnh c kiu l ClassA

Nhn xt: V mt lp trnh, thuc tnh c thc lu tr dng bin n, bin mng, haybin con tr

V d: ?



Quan h Aggregation

xc nh c ClassA v ClassB c quan h Association vi nhau Xc nh r hn:

Trong object ca ClassA c cha (trong phnthuc tnh) object ca ClassB

ObjectX ca ClassA b hy th ObjectY ca ClassB(bn trong ObjectX) vn c th cn tn ti

V d: ?



Quan h Composition

xc nh c ClassA v ClassB c quan h Association vi nhau Xc nh r hn:

Trong object ca ClassA c cha (trong phnthuc tnh) object ca ClassB

ObjectX ca ClassA b hy th ObjectY ca ClassB(bn trong ObjectX) khng th cn tn ti

V d: ?



Chiu ca quan h (Association, Aggregation, Composition)

Nu quan h l 1 chiu: a s cc li gi hm c gi theo ng chiu ca quan h

Nu quan h l 2 chiu: khng v mi tn



Bn s - Multiplicity (Association, Aggregation, Composition)

ngha

V d: 1

2

1..*

0..*

*

1, 3, 5..9



Quan h Dependency

ClassA v ClassB khng c quan h Association

ClassA ph thuc vo ClassB

class A{

void F(B x){}

};

class A{

B F(){}

};

class A{

void F(){

B x;}

};

Trong ClassA cs dng bin toncc (kiu B), hocs dng phngthc/thuc tnhstatic ca ClassB

Tham s truyn vo Kt qu tr ra Bin cc b


Xy dng s lp mc phn tch

CLASS DIAGRAM


Class Diagram

c xy dng v hiu chnh trong sut qu trnh pht trin

Mc tiu: t tn v lp m hnh cc khi nim trong

h thng

c t s cng tc

c t s CSDL

c pht trin bi phn tch vin, thit k vin, lp trnh vin


Lp danh sch cc i tng

Tiu chun nhn dng i tng nh danh: i tng phi c tn (thng l danh t/ng danh

t)

Chu trnh sng: c thi im sinh ra, c khong thi gian hotng, c thi im chm dt

S c lp tng i vi cc i tng khc

ngh: Con ngi

Vt th

T chc

Vt l

Khng gian

Thi gian


Lp danh sch cc i tng

Lp danh sch cc i tng lin quan n h thngi tng ngh

Khng l i tng L i tng

c quan tmKhng c quan tm

i tng chnhi tng ph

Tiu chun nhn dng i tng: c rt nhiu trng phi


V d

V d: Xt ng cnh l 1 trng PTTH vi phnmm qun l trng cp 3:

Danh sch ngh:

Hc sinh T B mn S tit

Gio vin BGH TKB

Mn hc Khi Bng im

Lp Ph huynh Phng

Hc k TB Hc ph

Nm hc Din HS

i tng/Khng phi i tng?


V d

c quan tm?

Phn mm qun l hc sinh:

Hc sinh, Gio vin, Mn hc, Lp, Khi, Ph huynh, Hc k, Nm hc

Phn mm qun l gio vin:

Gio vin, T b mn, Mn hc, Khi, Lp, Hc k, Nm hc

Phn mm xp thi kha biu:

Gio vin, Mn hc, Lp, Phng, Hc k,Nm hc


V d

i tng chnh?i tng ph

Phn mm qun l hc sinh:

Hc sinh, Gio vin, Mn hc, Lp, Khi, Ph huynh, Hc k, Nm hc

Phn mm qun l gio vin:

Gio vin, T b mn, Mn hc, Khi, Lp, Hc k, Nm hc

Phn mm xp thi kha biu:

Gio vin, Mn hc, Lp, Phng, Hc k,Nm hc


Lp danh sch cc quan h

Tiu ch nh gi: ng t S ph thuc gia cc i tng (ch yu xt cc i tng

chnh)

ngh: Quan h theo thi gian

t bin ng: sau 1 thi gian di mi thay i (thng lmv mt t chc)

Bin ng: quan h xy ra vo lc no, trong thng tin cthuc tnh v thi gian, thay i theo thi gian (thng quantm nhiu n loi quan h ny)

Quan h v t chc (thng lin quan n i tng ph) Quan h v khng gian (thng lin quan n i tng ph Quan h theo vai tr: Ch ng/B ng

V d:?


Nhn dng thuc tnh

S ph thuc (khng c ngha r rng khi ng c lp) Ph thuc mt i tng Thuc tnh ca i tng

Ph thuc nhiu i tng Thuc tnh ca quan h

Cc loi thuc tnh nh danh (thng ca i tng)

Phn loi

Thi gian

Khng gian

nh lng

V d: ?


Cc bc xy dng s lp mc phn tch

Bc 1: Xc nh cc lp i tng, quan h v thuc tnh trc tip t yu cu ca h thng

Xt ln lt tng biu mu v quy nh

Nu trong s lp hin ti cha c th lu tr c thng tin cn thit:

Cn b sung thuc tnh vo lp i tng c?

Cn b sung thuc tnh vo quan h c?

Cn b sung thm quan h gia cc lp i tng c?

Cn b sung thm lp i tng mi?



Bc 2:

Nu mt lp i tng c thuc tnh c cutrc phc tp hoc c cc thuc tnh c linh cht ch vi nhau v c ng ngha c thth nn tch ra thnh lp i tng ph



Bc 3:

3.1. Nhiu lp i tng c nhiu c im chung

Xy dng lp i tng tng qut chung cho cclp i tng c th ny

3.2. Mt lp i tng c thuc tnh phn loi vcch x l trong cc phng thc ca i tngthuc lp ny ph thuc vo gi tr ca thuc tnhphn loi

Tch lp i tng ny thnh nhiu lp i tngcon tng ng vi mi (nhm) gi tr ca thuc tnhphn loi



Bc 4:

Hiu chnh cc quan h c ph hp vi cc lp i tng va c iu chnh

Bc 5:

Kim tra li s lp v hiu chnh (theo kinhnghim)

Bc 6:

B sung cc trch nhim (phng thc) vocc lp i tng mc phn tch


Kt qu

S lp Danh sch cc lp i tng v quan h

M t chi tit tng lp i tng v quan h Vi mi lp i tng:

M t cc thuc tnh

Danh sch cc trch nhim chnh

Vi mi quan h:

STT Tn lp/quan h Loi ngha/ghi ch

STT Tn thuc tnh Kiu Rng buc ngha/ghi ch

STT Tn thuc tnh Kiu Rng buc ngha/ghi ch


p dng

p dng thc t vo cc bi tp

Xc nh cc lp i tng chnh

Xc nh cc thng tin v hnh ng/trch nhim ca mi lp i tng chnh

Xc nh cc quan h chnh

Xc nh cc lp i tng ph, cc danh mc


V d

0..1Co

0..*Thuoc

0..1

0..*

0..1

0..*

CGiangVien

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

GVID

MaGV

HocVi

ChucDanh

TenVT

Ho

Ten

DiaChi

DienThoai

Email

: long

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

CKhoa

#+

-

KhoaIDMaKhoa

TenKhoa

: int: string

: string

CBoMon

+

+

+

BMID

MaBM

TenBM

: long

: string

: string

+ Insert () : int

0..1

0..*

CNganh

+

+

+

+

NganhID

MaNganh

TenNganh

TenVT

: long

: string

: string

: string

CKhoa

#

+

-

KhoaID

MaKhoa

TenKhoa

: int

: string

: string


V d

0..1Co

0..*Thuoc

0..1

0..*

0..1

0..*

0..1

0..*

0..1

0..*

0..10..*

0..10..*

0..10..*

1..1

0..*

1..1 0..*

1..1

0..*

CBoMon

+

+

+

BMID

MaBM

TenBM

: long

: string

: string

+ Insert () : int

CGiangVien

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

GVID

MaGV

HocVi

ChucDanh

TenVT

Ho

Ten

DiaChi

DienThoai

Email

: long

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

: string

CKhoa

#

+

-

KhoaID

MaKhoa

TenKhoa

: int

: string

: string

CLOP

+

+

+

+

+

LOPID

MALOP

TENLOP

NAMTS

TenVT

: long

: string

: string

: short

: string

CLOPNK

+

+

+

LOPNKID

NAM

NAMHOC

: long

: short

: short

CMONHOC

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

MonID

MaMon

TenMon

TinChi

SoTietLT

SoTietBT

TenVT

: long

: string

: string

: short

: short

: short

: string

+

+

+

+

Them ()

Xoa ()

Sua ()

LayDL ()

: void

: void

: void

: void

CNganh

+

+

+

+

NganhID

MaNganh

TenNganh

TenVT

: long

: string

: string

: string

CTKB

+

+

+

+

+

+

TKBID

TKB

HOCKY

NAMHOC

NGAYBD

NGAYKT

: long

: string

: short

: short

: DateTime

: DateTime

CTKBLOP

+ TKBLOPID : long

CTKBLOP_CHITIET

++

+

+

+

THUTIETBD

TIETKT

LYTHUYET

PHONG

: short: short

: short

: short

: string


S trng thi

STATECHART DIAGRAM


Statechart Diagram

Ghi nhn cc hnh vi ng (even oriented)

Mc tiu:

M hnh ha chu k sng ca i tng

M hnh ha cc i tng phn hi (user interfaces, devices, )


Cc khi nim

S trng thi

M t chu trnh sng ca cc i tng chnh t khi sinh ra, hot ng & mt i

Mi i tng c th c nhiu s trng thi theo cc gc nhn khc nhau

Trng thi & bin c

Trng thi ca i tng din t tnh trng hin c ca i tng (c ngha trong mt on thi gian)

Bin c l cc s kin xy ra lm cho i tng chuyn trng thi.


State Diagram Bn c

Khi to bn c

Qun trng iQun en i

Qun trng thng Ha Qun en thng


V d: Xt ng dng qun l TKB

H thng cho php b phn gio v Khoa nhp thi kha biu, cp nht thi kha biu ca tt c cc lp

H thng cho php sinh vin tra cu thi kha biu theo tng hc k ca lp

H thng cho php ging vin tra cu thi kha biu ging dy trong hc k


V d minh ha State Diagram m t trng thi TKB

[Bt u hc k mi]

[Kt thc hc k]

[Tt c cc lp c phn phng]

[Mt s lp cha c phn phng]

C lp mi c phn [Cn lp cha c phn phng]


Yu cu tra cu TKB

Khi to

do / Khoi tao TKBCh phn phng

C lp mi c phn() / Cap nhat Phong

ang s dng

Yu cu tra cu TKB(Lop) / TKB Lop

Yu cu tra cu TKB(GV) / TKB Ging vin

ng

do / Ket thuc hoc ky


Cc thnh phn trong State diagram

Trng thi State

S kin Event

Hnh ng Action

Mi lin h gia cc trng thi

State1

entry / Action_1

do / Action_2

exit / Action_3

Event_1 [Condition]/ Action 11State1

entry / Action_1

do / Action_2

exit / Action_3

State2


Mt s k hiu

Tn trng thi

Tn trng thi

stateVar : type = value

entry/ entry actiondo/ activityexit/ exit action

Tn bin c (tham s)Tn hnh ng (tham s)

[iu kin]

Trng thi

Chuyn i trng thi


Trang thi bt u L trng thi khi mi c khi to ca object

Bt buc phi c

Ch c th c 1 trng thi bt u

Trang thi kt thc Ch v tr kt thc i sng ca object

Khng nht thit phi th hin

C th c nhiu

Tr/thi bt u

Tr/thi kt thc

Cc trng thi c bit


Tn trng thi

stateVar : type = value

entry/ entry actiondo/ activityexit/ exit action

Bin c(tham s) [Biu thc iu kin]/ Hnh ng (tham s)

Trng thi Bin c

Chuyn i trng thi

Hnh ng

Hnh ng

S trng thi

L th c hng vi cc node l cc trng thi ni vi nhau bi cc cung m t vic chuyn i trng thi



S kin Event

Event

Entry: s kin pht sinh khi i tng bt u nhn trng thi

Exit: s kin pht sinh khi i tng kt thc trng thi thc trng thi

Do: s kin pht sinh khi user thc hin mt hnh ng thng qua bn phm/chut.

State1

entry / Action_1

do / Action_2

exit / Action_3



Trng thi State

Action

Entry: hnh ng c thc hin khi i tng bt u trng thi

Do: tp cc hnh ng c th thc hin vi trng thi

Exit: hnh ng c thc hin khi i tng kt thc trng thi

State1

entry / Action_1

do / Action_2

exit / Action_3



Mi lin h gia cc trng thi Transition

Event

Action

Condition: iu kin cho php chuyn t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc

Event_1 [Condition]/ Action 11State1

entry / Action_1

do / Action_2

exit / Action_3

State2



State Event Action Transition

Huy Huy

Huy

/ SoLuong = 10

Them Sinh Vien/ SoLuong = 0

Them Sinh Vien [SoLuong


V d minh ha State Diagram m t trng thi TKB

[Bt u hc k mi]

[Kt thc hc k]


[Mt s lp cha c phn phng]

C lp mi c phn [Cn lp cha c phn phng]


Yu cu tra cu TKB

Khi to

do / Khoi tao TKBCh phn phng

C lp mi c phn() / Cap nhat Phong

ang s dng

Yu cu tra cu TKB(Lop) / TKB Lop

Yu cu tra cu TKB(GV) / TKB Ging vin

ng

do / Ket thuc hoc ky


V d minh ha

State Diagram m t trng thi mn hnh qun l danh mc ngi dng


V d minh ha

State Diagram m t trng thi mn hnh qun l danh mc ngi dng

ThoatThm ND Sa ND [ chn ND]

Kt thc sa NDKt thc Thm ND

Khi to mn hnh

entry / Load

entry / Show

do / Thm ND

do / Sa ND

do / Xa ND

do / Thot

ang thm Ngi dng

entry / Thm ND

do / Lu ND

do / Khng lu

exit / Xc lp trng thi

Kt thc MH Ngi dng

entry / Unloadang sa Ngi dng

entry / Sa ND

do / Lu

do / Khng lu

exit / Xc lp trng thi


S trng thi

S1

S4

S2

S3

S5

S6

B1

B2

B3B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B1, B2: bin c sinhB4, B8, B9: bin c mtB3, B5, B6, B7: bin c hot ng


S trng thi

Mi s trng thi s nh x thnh mt thuc tnh ca i tng

Cc trng thi ca i tng trong 1 s trng thi khng giao nhau v gi tr ca thuc tnh tng ng ch mang 1 trong cc gi tr tng ng

S trng thi cng chi tit s phc v: C nhng x l thch hp trong

se lecturenotes full

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