scripps institution of oceanography annual report 1993
TRANSCRIPT
Volume l •. Number 1 Summer ·1994
Editorial and Publications Committee
Chair E. L. Ve.nr\c~
Members G. E. Backus B. L. Deck N . .E. Graham 0. P. Rogers R. E. Shadwick J. A. Smith M. Wahlen
Student Member E. Winter
Ex Officio Members W. j, Goff K. K. Kuhns R. H. Rosenblatt
Consultants T. Collins R .. G. Shelly
Scripps .Institution of Oceanosrophy Exploratloos repklces two Scripps publicalioM, the newsfeller and the annual report, This new pub!icolion
inform~ and educates the ,ptlbhc, our alumni, the scientific community,
and Scripps's friends oboul ongoing research and events. Explorailont is published four times a year ine!uding one expanded annual report edmon.
Copyright 1994, !SSN 1075·2560,
Explorations Staff
Managing Editor Kittie Kerr Kuhns
Art Director Steven D. Cook
Associate Editor Nan P. Criqui
Graphic Designer leah Hewitt
Writers Cindy l. Clark Chuck Colgan joe Hlebica janet Howard Paige A. jennings
Photo Unit Susan R. Green jennie Hinkle Mary Wickline
Please address all inquiries to: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Explorations University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Publications Office 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0233B La Jolla, CA 92093-0233
University of California, San Diego
SCR I PPS I NSTITUT I ON OF OCEANOGRAPHY
EXPL RATIONS G I o b a I Discoveries f o r Tomorrow ' s W o r I d
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 2
FEATURES
Beneath the Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Diving the Final Frontier
Waves through the Earth ............................................................ 1 0
Earthquakes and the Role of Project IDA
Pieces of the Puzzle .. .................................................................. 18
Project WOCE and Understanding Ocean Circulation
COLUMNS
Around the Pier ....................................................................... 25
Scripps PartnerShips ................................................................. 26
Standing Watch ....................................................................... 26
The Water Column ................................................................... 27
Dedication : Joseph L. Reid ....................................................... 28
1993 ANNUAL REPORT
Research Activities .................................................................. 30
Graduate Programs .................................................................. 36
Seagoing Operations .............................................................. 39
Current Funds .......................................................................... 42
Financial Support ......................................................... ........... 43
Organization ....... .' ................................................................. 50
Awards & Honors ......................................................... ........... 52
Academic Staff .............................. , ......................................... 53
Publications ............................................................................. 56
Regents & Officers ................................................................... 63
In Memoriam ........................................................................... 64
Diredor's Council•
Edward A. Frieman Director, Scripps Institution
of Oceanogra phy
Linden Blue Vice Chairman, General Atomics
Walter Cronkite Senior Correspondent, CBS, Inc.
Ted Danson Actor; Founder, American Oceans Campaign
Robert Frosch Vice President, General Motors Research Laboratory
Eugene Fubini Consultant
Cecil Green Founder, Texas Instruments
Gordon Moore Chairman of the Board, Intel Corporation
David Packard
Chairmon, Hewlett·Packord ComPQny
Fronk Pre55
President, National Academy of Sciences
Burton Richter Nobel Laureote; Director, Stanford University linear Aecelerotar Center
William Ruckelshaus Chairmcm of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Browning-Ferris Industries
Jonas Salk founding Director, Solk Institute
Jomes Wotkins Former Secretory of Energy; Admiral, USN, Retired
• Current June 30, 1993
I n t r 0 d
• .. • • • :·•· • • .• • 1i • • • • • • • • •· • • • • • • • .• • ... :'' • • • • • • • • • • • .. . . .... .. ... . . ·;.. • .. •.. • • _:_.... ... • • • • • • • • ···:·._ • • • •. \· • ···: • . • • • • • • ..••• -:... • • • • • • • •
SUMMER 1994
2
•
A recurrent theme at Scripps this year
is "change." Changes are apparent at
a number of levels, and affect nearly
all aspects of our institutional life.
This message is appearing in a new
format, the first edition of the
quarterly, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Explorations. This new
publication has a freshlookand will
allow additional opportunities to
present the Scripps message in
innovative ways.
Environmental concerns
increase in priority with each passing
year. The Clinton Administration
has, as a matter of policy, embraced
the conclusions of the 1992 Rio
Environmental Summit. Interna
tional treaties have been signed
concerning ozone, biodiversity, and
climate. There is a clear recognition
that these environmental issues will
play critically important roles in the
nation's geopolitical, economic, and
social agenda. These actions deter
mine the stance of our nation, and of
the world community into the next
century and are being orchestrated
now with emphasis on seeking rapid
solutions.
In response to these challenges,
changes in research directions have been and are being made. "vVe are
attempting to integrate governmen
tal goals and objectives, societal
needs and strategic research to make
Scripps an international center of
excellence and a resource for the
c t t 0 n
converging needs of science and
society. The historical mission of
basic ocean science has served the
institution well, but we are now
being faced with demands to
enlarge that mission because of
society's needs. It is fortunate that
in many cases the science is moving
us in those directions as welL
One of our major problems,
then, is to preserve our commitment
to the fundamental concept of
pushing the frontiers of knowledge
forward while this new agenda is
being forged. To cope successfully
with this change will require a new
sense of caring within the institution.
The more established figu(es.will,
of necessity, have to assume more
protective roles vis-a-vis those who
are at earlier stages of their careers.
I am most pleased to say that among
the changes I see are a heightened
recognition of this role and an
increase in action.
Another aspect of these changes
is our expanding participation in
both national and international
partnerships with other agencies and
institutions. This endeavor includes
coordinated research activities within
the oceanographic community, joint
programs with federal agencies,
consortia with other academic
institutions, and other innovative
collaborations. Examples include the
NOAA/SIO Joint Institute for
Marine Observations and the NOAA/
University Consortium on the Ocean's Role in Climate. In addition,
a Memorandum of Understanding
was signed with the U.S. Navy
Research and Development Divi
sion, UC Santa Barbara, and Stanford
University's Hopkins Marine Station,
Dr. Edward A. Frieman
for cooperative efforts in selected
research and monitoring activities
related to marine biotechnology and
assessment.
Fundirig sources have also been
in an increased state of flux. As
revenues from the State of California
continue to decline, the number of
large federally sponsored research
programs at Scripps has increased,
the list of federal agencies from
which we draw funds has grown, and
Scripps scientists continue to
improve their ability to compete
successfully for contracts and grants.
To aid in this effort Scripps has
sharply expanded its participation in
legislative and agency activity in
Washington, D.C.
The personal involvemeiu and
vital contributions from individuals,
philanthropic organizations, and
corporations have played a major role
in maintaining the strength of
Scripps's programs and in allowing
researchers the flexibility to pursue
innovative research. With the
creation of the Centennial Endow-
ment Fund this year, we are expand
ing outreach efforts to individuals in
our community as well as across the
United States. The growth of our
endowment fund is a high priority
for it will ensure the financial
security of the institution into the
next century. You may ask whether or
not these changes will make Scripps
a different place. The answer is that
it already ~as in terms of its research
agenda. The institution is character
ized by a demonstrated quality of
scientific achievement and by its
people. The evolution as described
above is a tribute to the quality of
science performed and to the
affection and dedication shown by
the Scripps "family" as change
co~~:uE ~(< I"
Edward A. Frieman, l~i~ec~9i March 1994
3
•
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION 0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
III!HII'IIIIIm••••
SUMMER 1994
28
•
DEDICATION
joseph L. Reid With an unassuming demeanor belying his preeminence, Professor Joe Reid shies away from taking credit for pio
neering some of the most productive strategies and procedures used in understanding ocean circulation . In fact, many studies of the oceans' characteristics conducted today can be traced back to Reid's early research .
Joseph l. Reid graduated from the University of Texas with a B.A. in mathematics in 1942. During World War II,
he served as an officer aboard a U.S. Navy destroyer escort in the North Atlantic convoys and later in the South Pacific. Among his last duties at the end of the war was to search for survivors among the atolls and islands north of New Guinea : what he found was a lifelong fascination with the ocean .
After the war, Reid worked for the U.S. Army as a civilian in Italy, but the sea beckoned. In 1948, he enrolled at Scripps where he earned his master's degree in 1950.
He has been here ever since, engaged in studies of largescale circulation , first at the surface, then in all the oceans, top to bottom.
Prof. Joseph L. Reid
Reid has accompl ished so much it is hard to single out
just a few examples. In 1949, he was on the very first CaiCOFI cruise, a program that continues today as the most comprehensive investigation of a marine environment. He led NORPAC Expedition in 1955, the most ambitious oceanographic survey to that time, involving 19 research vessels and 14 institutions from Japan, the U.S., and Canada .
He made the first direct calculations of the abyssal flow from the South Pacific into the North Pacific, and then of the
deep currents from the Pacific to the Atlantic through the Drake Passage. He collected the deepest recorded water samples from nearly seven miles down in the Mariana Trench .
Among the tales Reid tells of his adventures on the high seas, perhaps none surpass a night on Scripps 's R/V Argo in the Bering Sea during the winter of 1966. On a night with 40-knot winds, 25-foot waves, and decks covered with ice, he stood on a hatch cover with fellow researchers holding him
steady while he used a blow torch, fastened to a boat hook, to melt the ice off a sheave fifteen feet above the deck. As he recalls, "I thought it was fun at the time! "
Reid directed the Marine life Research Group from 197 4
to 1987, leading its expanding research in the biology and physical characteristics of the North Pacific . Currently he is
among the Scripps scientists conducting hydrographic studies for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. (See page 18.)
Among Reid's many honors is the Alexander Agassiz Gold
Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. An award that gives him great satisfaction is the stuffed Albatross Award from the whimsically named scientific organization, the American Miscellaneous Society. Given for "his outrageous insistence that ocean circulation models should bear some resemblance to reality, " it reflects his belief that only by measuring can you determine the truth . Much of what he has learned can be found in his more than 160 scientific publications.
Reid and his wife Freda, a phytoplankton biologist, are active members of the Scripps community. Freda came to the U.S. as a Fulbright Scholar from England . They were married in 1952 and have two sons. Joe finds time for his avocations of reading history and cabinetmaking .
Often gesturing with and puffing on his pipe, Joe Reid, now professor emeritus, maintains his pursuit of elucidating ocean circulation . He is always ready to go to sea, and eager to extend his warm, friendly manner to those who seek out his
advice and wisdom. @I
30
•
READERS WILL FIND A MORE
IN-DEPTH COVERAGE OF THE
TOPICS DISCUSSED HERE
BY CONSULTING THE
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS USTED IN
THE PUBUCATIONS SECTION.
CENTER FOR COASTAL STUDIES
The Center for Coastal Studies ICCS)
is an interdisciplinary research center
that focuses on the physical and
sedimentary processes along the coastlines of the world. CCS also
manages the Hydraulics Laboratory.
Research at CCS includes fluid
sediment interactions responsible for_
sand transport along beaches and
over the continental shelf, processes
responsible for circulation of COaStal
waters, circulation in semi-enclosed
seas and in the straits that connect
those seas to larger ocean basins,
surface gravity waves and wave
induced currents in shallow water,
and sediment management in harbors
and estuaries. Currently there are six
groups in CCS.
The shelf dynamics group, headed
by Drs. Clinton D. Winant, Myrl C.
Hendershott, and Nancy A Bray, is
conducting a multi-year investigation
of the circulation in the Santa Barbara
Channel-Santa Maria Basin areas.
This observational program should
provide a synoptic description of the
circulation in the area, with application to oil spill .risk assessment.
· The semi-enclosed seas and straits
group, headed by Bray, is monitoring
the exchange of waters between the
Indian and Pacific oceans by
maintaining an array of pressure sensors between Indonesia and
Australia.
The nearshore dynamics group, directed by Drs. Robert T. Guza and
Richard J. Seymour, is studying wave and beach processes to understand
the dynamics of ocean surface gravity
waves on the continental shelf, and
surface-wave driven currents and
morphologic changes in the surf zone.
Field experiments are a central element of this ongoing program. .
The coastal meteorology group, headed
by Drs. Clive E. Dorman, David P.
Rogers, and Winant, is addressing the
physics that govern the atmospheric
boundary layer over the coastal ocean.
The sediment transport group, led by
Drs. Thomas G. Drake, Douglas L. Inman, and Bradley l . Werner, uses field observations, laboratory experi-
. ments, and computer simulations for
understanding the coupled nonlinear
fluid-sediment system in nearshore
processes and coastal and arid
geomorphology. Included in the group's
focus are beach morphology, coastal
sediment transport mechanics, and
dynamical models for stratigraphy
and land form patterns.
The estuarine hydrodynamics and
ecology group, headed by Dr. john
L. Largier, studies the processes, rates,
and consequences of the limited
hydrodynamic exchange that estuaries
have with the ocean. The emphasis is
on systems characteristic of Mediterra
nean regions, with seasonal freshwater
inflow and coastal upwelling. Projects
include the role of surface fluxes in
density structures, tidal dispersion mechanisms, the return of tidal outflow
during flood tides, episodic freshwater
inflow events, and the effect of these on
larval dispersal and water quality.
CENTER FOR MARINE
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
BIOMEDICINE
The past year saw a significant transition
in the focus of marine physiological and
biomedical research at Scripps Institution
of Oceanography with the reorganization
of the Physiological Research Laboratory
into the Center for Marine Biotechnology
and Biomedicine (CMBB). The new
center formalizes an already existing
brQad linkage between biomedical and
biotechnical research by Scripps
scientists and their colleagues in the
departments of biology and chemistry at
UC San Diego, and the departments of
medicine, neuroscience, and pharmacol
ogy in the UC San Diego School of
Medicine.
CMBB brings a multidisciplinary focus to
issues relevant to future exploration,
utilization, and management of the
untapped biological resources of the
world's oceans. The CMBB program in
marine biotechnology focuses on
increasing knowledge and application of
chemical and molecular techniques in the
study of marine biota . Researchers hope
this will set the stage for expanded
commercial use of these organisms. The
scientists' research will range from the
study of the· special properties of marine
microbes-including those adapted to the
deepsea-to the genetic engineering of
commercially important species. Discov
ery and utilization of natural marine
products with importance to medicine and industry will also be pursued.
Scripps's unique resources in marine
molecular biology, natural products
chemistry, marine physiology, neurobiol
ogy, ecology, and biological oceanography will enabie exploration in the pelagic
and deep sea as well as in polar environments.
Scientists in CMBB will emphasize basic
research and training, and major cooperation with the biotechnology
industry, particularly those companies in
San Diego. CMBB researchers are
committed to monitoring and managing
the marine environment in order to
expand the potential both for basic
research and development of new
technologies.
CLIMATE RESEARCH DIVISION
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
plays a leading role in pioneering the
interdisciplinary study of the earth as a
unified system. In the Climate Research
Division (CRD), scientists study phenom
ena that span time scales from a few
weeks to several decades. Their
research themes include predicting the
natural variability of climate and
understanding the consequences of man-made increases in the greenhouse
effect. Climate change caused by
humans is the paradigm that illustrates
why traditional disciplinary barriers in
the earth sciences are rapidly weaken
ing. The atmosphere, the seas, the land
surface, and the world of living things
are tightly coupled in the climate
system. To understand these interac
tions, a variety of expertise must be
brought to bear through a team
approach to research.
Current CRD research projects include the development of coupled global
ocean and atmosphere models,
assessing the role of cloud-radiation
feedbacks in climate change, and
modeling and predicting seasonal climate variability. CRD scientists
combine the analysis of large observa
tional data sets, the development of
comprehensive numerical models of the
climate system, and the exploitation of
satellite remote sensing capabilities for
monitoring the entire planet. CRD
researchers collaborate with scientists at
Scripps and elsewhere. Their studies
focus on a wide range of regional and
global climate phenomena, including El Nino and the Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), the Indian monsoon, the
Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone,
the California Current System, and
precipitation and water supply in the
United States.
CRD scientists stress research on the
regional and transient implications of
global change for climate, · emphasizing
those aspects of climate that are
potentially predictable. Advanced
coupled ocean-atmosphere models for
ENSO prediction were recently
developed by CRD scientists and their
collaborators. This research is critical to
global change objectives, because
there are strong indications that climate
changes such as greenhouse warming
may have profound affects on ENSO
phenomena .
GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH DIVISION
Research in the Geological Research
Division (GRD) covers many subjects.
Physical and chemical processes in the
earth!s mantle and crust, including
studies of mantle and crustal evolution,
marine geology, tectonics and geophys
ics, remote sensing, and isotope
geology and geochemistry are major areas of interest. A few investigations in
each subject area are highlighted here.
Dr. john G .. Sclater is leading the
U.S. effort of a U.S.-French project
with Drs. Robert L. Fisher, Steve C.
Conde, and David T. Sandwell as
co-investigators, to compile a compre-. hensive digital database of bathymetric
and magnetic data, and produce a
bathymetric map that will be the most
accurate portrayal ever made of the
Indian Ocean. In another study
Sandwell and Dr. Edward L. Winterer
are leading a major underway geophysical survey that uses the new
Sea Beam 2000 swath mapping
system to study the nearly continuous
volcanic ridges and seamounts that extend from near the East Pacific Rise
to about 2,600 km WNW.
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
31
•
32 •
A second GRD interest area is fluid
processes, principally on oceanic
ridge crests and at subduction zones.
Dr. Kevin M. Brown is studying the
interaction of fluids and deformation in
convergent margins, including experi
mental and observational components.
He is observing the permeability and
heat fl.ow in accretionary wedges to
constrain hydrogeologic models.
His experimental projects emphasize
permeability changes in day-rich
sediments caused by shear and
interaction with exotic fluids
transported in fault zones.
The environmental aspect of geology,
with emphasis on ocean and climate
history, global biogeochemical cycles,
and global change, is another area of concentration by GRD scientists.
Dr. Wolfgang H . Berger's group
focuses on paleoproductivity and
carbonate preservation cycles in the
Pacific Ocean. Together with Drs.
Carina B. Lange and Arndt
Schimmelmann they developed climate
proxies for the reconstruction of the
varved sediment record of the Santa
Barbara Basin. Measuring and
understanding how the external
perturbations caused by periodic
changes of the earth's orbit rearrange
the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere
is the focus of Dr. Timothy D. Herbert's
group. Dr. Annika B. Sanfilippo's
collaboration with a scientist from
France centers on early Cenozoic
paleoenvironmental conditions in
the Antarctic region .
Marine, atmospheric, and solar system
chemistry is being studied by Dr. Martin
Wahlen . His group focuses on con
structing the atmospheric C02 mixing ratios from air samples occluded in the
GISP2 ice core from central Greenland,
which provides a high resolution record
over the last 250,000 years. They also
investigate the present global budget of atmospheric methane. Dr. Gunter G .
Lugmair's group studies the existence
and abundance of short lived radioac
tive isotopes in the early solar system.
MARINE BIOLOGY
RESEARCH DIVISION
Scientists in the Marine Biology Re
search Division IMBRD) investigate the
ecological, physiological, cellular, and
biochemical characteristics of marine
bacteria, plants, and animals. Several
studies are ongoing, including the examination of the mechanisms of
invertebrate egg and sperm interaction
!including conspecific identification in
the open ocean) and elucidation of the
symbiotic relationships between diverse
bacteria species and their invertebrate
and fish hosts. MBRD scientists are
investigating the large-scale and long
term potential effects of global change
on the productivity and diversity of
marine ecosystems and on the distribu
tion and abundance of marine organ
isms in the sea. They study the funda
mental processes affecting life and
energy flow in marine ecosystems and
study organisms in habitats ranging from
the deep sea to coastal ecosystems and
Antarctica .
Several MBRD scientists are also closely
aligned with Scripps's new Center for
Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine.
Their work focuses on the development
of natural methods for environmental
mitigation . Presently they investigate the
potential for genetically engineering
novel catabolic properties into marine
bacteria. These investigations may
enable the cloning of bacteria that
remove lead or tributyl tin deposits from
bay sediments. These same methods may also aid in the 'mining' of useful,
but rare, elements in seawater such as
cobalt. Other biotechnology research
focuses on the basic properti,es of deepsea bacteria. Because these forms live in
cold water and under extremely high
pressures, they are likely to possess enzymes and other chemicals that are
highly stable and thus have potential
industrial applications.
MARINE LIFE RESEARCH GROUP
The Marine Life Research Group
cooperates with two other agencies in
the California Cooperative Oceanic
Fisheries Investigations ICaiCOFI) of the
California Current System. This study
has provided one of the world 's most
complete time series of data from an
important oceanic ecosystem. The
ongoing challenge to the collaborators
the California Department of Fish and
Game and the Southwest Fisheries
Science Center of the National Marine
Fisheries Service-is to incorporate new
techniques, new concepts, and new
societal concerns. These data provide
scientists an opportunity to examine
interannual to decadal change in the
physics, chemistry, and ecology of ~n eastern boundary current system . The
recent decline in state funding for
research in the University of California
has added urgency to this evolution ,
and increased orientation toward
federal support.
Scientists recognize both the role of the
ocean's carbon in affecting atmospheric
carbon dioxide and potential global
warming, and the imminence of the
next generati.on of satellite sensors to
study the distribution of phytoplankton in
the ocean . This is leading to increased
emphasis on determining the distribu
tions of forms of inorganic and organic
carbon land carbon's complement,
oxygen) and photosynthetic pigments.
Renewed realization that past natural
variation in populations is preserved with high resolution in varved anoxic
sediments has led to a resurgence of
'fisheries paleoceanography.' An
ecosystem, rather than single-species,
view of environmental quality has
brought about a resurgence in determin
ing biological diversity. This implies a
rejuvenation of traditional taxonomy as
well as incorporation of the techniques
of modern population genetics.
This evolution has also stimulated an
encouraging trend-increased use of
data and cruises by Scripps researchers
and collaboration among them in
planning the new measurements.
MARINE PHYSICAL LABORATORY
Scientists in the Marine Physical
Laboratory IMPL) conduct research
programs that apply knowledge of the
ocean, its boundaries, and the sur
rounding media to the solution of
problems in five major areas: ocean
acoustics, marine physics, marine
geophysics, signal processing, and
ocean technology.
Ocean environmental acoustics lEVA)
quantifies limitations the environment
places on acoustic systems. Scientists
study how design, performance
prediction, and operation of oceano
graphic systems developed for undersea
use are affected by EVA A few of the
elemeAts of investigation have been
propagation effects, reflection and
scattering, ambient noise, and bottom interaction.
The study of marine physics focuses on
the affects of the oceanic physical
environment on undersea systems. The scientists' investigations vary from the
observation of large-scale eddy structures, which affect long-range
sound propagation, to the investigation
of small-scale internal waves and
turbulence, which relate to wake
detection . They also investigate cloud
cover and the detectability of surface
and air targets through the marine
atmosphere using passive optical
imaging systerns.
MPL scientists concentrate on marine
geophysics. They study basic physical
processes operating in the oceans and
in the substrate and the general
physical properties of the ocean basins
to understand the environmental
parameters affecting acoustic,
magnetic, and other types of search,
detection, and navigation systems.
This work includes studies of the broad
and fine scale topography of the ocean
floor, gravity and thermal fields, seismic
and acoustic propagation in the
seafloor, and development of technol
ogy necessary for seafloor search,
exploration, and navigation in the
deep sea.
Research in signal processing encom
passes all aspects of the collection,
manipulation, and output of both
analog and digital data. MPL scientists
are involved in the theoretical design,
hardware fabrication, software
development, and performance
evaluation of signal processing
systems. Projects range from the
statistical analysis of ambient ocean
noise data through the design and
fabrication of a Doppler sonar system
for the ecoustic remote sensing of
ocean current velocity.
Ocean technology is an ongoing MPL
focus. Present and future ocean systems
depend upon development of ad
vanced ocean technology both for
environmental measurement programs
and for testing of new engineering
concepts. Work has included develop
ment of research platforms such as FLIP;
vehicles such as Deep Tow and RUM;
sonars such as ADA, the FLIP Doppler
sonars, and the MPL modular vertical
and horizontal arrays; DIMUS signal
processing; and seafloor navigation .
Continuing programs include creating
deep-sea work vehicles, multibeam
shipboard sonars, deep-sea thrusters,
TV/ sonar imaging, advanced sonar.
array developments, and optical
imaging systems.
MARINE RESEARCH DIVISION
The studies in the Marine Research
Division span the disciplines of biological
oceanography, marine chemistry,
physical oceanography, and marine
engineering. Some of the ongoing
research is summarized below.
Drs. Mizuki Tsuchiya, Lynne D. Talley,
and others are studying the large-scale
circulation of the South Atlantic Ocean
using hydrographic data they collected
along a long meridional section extend
ing from South Georgia Island 154°S) northward to 0°40'N. .
Dr. Gustaf Arrhenius's group studies the
characteristics of the earth's earliest
ocean and atmosphere. Dr. Peter M.
Williams and colleagues are investigat
ing the organic carbon cycling in the
oligotrophic gyres of the North Atlantic
and Pacific oceans including the waters
off Pt. Conception, California.
The intercampus University of California
Marine Bio-Optics Group IUCMBO)
studies theoretical and applied problems
in marine optics by using both experi
mental work at sea and modeling.
Research in the laboratories of
Dr. D. john Faulkner is directed
toward the isolation and identification
of new pharmaceuticals from marine invertebrates and the role of bioactive
chemicals in the marine environment.
In Dr. Joris Gieskes's laboratory, research
ers study the geochemistry of borehole
fluids obtained from re-entry of aban
doned oceanic boreholes drilled during
the Deep Sea Drilling Project and the
Ocean Drilling Program.
Drs. William H. Thomas, Carl H.
Gibson, and Maria Vernet continue their
work on the inhibition of red-tide
dinoflagellate growth by laboratory
induced, quantified turbulent mixing.
The activities of the Ocean Engineering
Research Group include study of
sediment transport at Santa Cruz Harbor
and the performance of a new break
water at Fisherman's Wharf in San
Francisco Bay.
S C R I P P S I N S. T I T U T I 0 N 0 F 0 C E A N 0 G R A P H Y
33 •
34
•
The Polar Research Program, headed
by Dr. Osmond Holm-Hansen, is part of the multidisciplinary RACER (Research
on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates)
program.
The Sea Grant trainees in Dr. Fenical's
group continued a study of natural
products chemistry of marine ascidians
and marine bacteria as part of a
program to discover new anti-inflamma
tory agents from marine sources. In a
National Institutes of Health-supported
study Dr. Fenical's group is focused on
developing marine compounds for the
treatment of cancer. In collaboration
with Bristol-Myers Squibb, over 600
marine organisms have been evaluated
over the past year.
NEUROBIOLOGY UNIT
The Neurobiology Unit (NUl, a
collaboration between Scripps and the
UC San Diego School of Medicine, is
part of the Marine Biomedical Program.
NU scientists note that evolution has
adapted animals to their niches so that
animal brains are built to expect and to
recognize both normal and unexpected
stimuli and react appropriately. Have
expectation, oddball recognition, and
focused attention improved in evolution?
Dr. Theodore H. Bullock's group studies
these issues by comparing brain wave
responses to controlled stimuli in taxa.
Even in the primitive brain of thornback ·
rays and in the more advanced brains
of stingrays and reptiles, a short train of
regu lar light or dark flashes sets up a kind of temporal expectation. Thus an
omitted flash or one delayed as little as
five milliseconds from its scheduled due
time triggers a clear 'Omitted Stimulus Potential' response on a schedule
already in the forebrain, the midbrain,
and the retina of the organism. Without
directed attention this phenomenon
extends only down to about two flashes
per second. Humans who are told to
pay attention show a response at longer
intervals, but such 'cognitive waves'
have different dynamics and loci in the
brain. Experiments on animals trained to
pay attention have not yet been done.
Scientists in Dr. R. Glenn Northcutt's
laboratory revealed new features of
forebrain organization and evolution in
hagfishes and lampreys and lateral line
development in amphibians and fishes.
The largest collection of nerve cells in
the hagfish forebrain is now known to
be the posterior portion of the forebrain,
rather than a major motor division of the
anterior subdivision of the forebrain
(telencephalon).
Dr. Northcutt's group has also found that
the main afferent Onward conducting)
and efferent (outward conducting)
connections of the telencephalon in
lampreys are remarkably similar to those
in amphibians. The researchers' studies
of the lateral line system in hagfishes
reveal that embryos possess rudiments
for neuromast receptors, which are lost
during development of the adults,
although the lateral line ner:ves are,
remarkably, retained.
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
RESEARCH DIVISION
Scientists in the Physical Oceanography
Research Division IPORD) study a range
of topics both observational and
theoretical related to the physics of the
ocean. More than half of the forty
PORD investigators hold joint appoint
ments in another division, center, or institute at Scripps, which provides for
a wide diversity of research and
opportunities for cross-disciplinary communication.
Some PORD researchers study the large
scale circulation of the world's oceans, circulation over the continental shelf, in
the marginal seas and through straits, in
estuaries, and in the surf zone of open shorelines. Others examine the interac-
tion between the ocean and the
atmosphere, including large-scale
forcing by wind and heat transfer; the
absorption of gases into the very near
surface layer; the creation and mainte
nance of the surface mixed layer; and
feedback mechanisms between the
atmosphere, the ocean, and cloud
formation.
Theoretical studies range from classical
fluid dynamics problems, such as
irwestigations into the basic nature of
diffusion and idealized vortex interac
tions, to models of the large-scale
ocean circulation and of the atmo
spheric marine boundary layer. Many
PORD scientists work simultaneously in
several areas, for example mixing
modeling and theory with observations
to check hypotheses and stimulate new
approaches.
Many of the PORD researchers work
on the development of new sensors
or measurement technology to aid in
ocean studies. Recent developments
include a family of very long-term, deep
autonomous drifters (some with sophisti
cated profiling abilities), surface drifters
with meteorological capabilities, high
resolution bottom pressure and electro
magnetic sensors for deep-ocean
applications, and high-resolution,
sector-scanned versions of Acoustic
Doppler Current Profilers.
CALIFORNIA SPACE INSTITUTE
The California Space Institute
(~aiSpace) is a multi-campus unit of the
University of California, which conducts
and supports space and earth related sciences, education, and research.
Through collaboration, research, and
joint faculty appointments, CaiSpace has developed dose ties with many departments at UC San Diego and
other UC campuses. The CaiSpace
research staff, headed by Dr. Sally K. Ride and Associate Director Dr. David P. Rogers, numbers approximately two dozen scientists, and conducts pure and
applied research in interdisciplinary
fields.
CaiSpace researchers investigate
fundamental aspects of climate
dynamics and global change caused
by both natural and human forces,
using large observational data sets,
comprehensive numerical climate system
models and data from satellite remote
sensing. Some current studies are
discussed below.
Ongoing studies of the California
Current System involve construction of a
high-resolution primitive-equation model
of this system. Research in trace gases
and atmospheric transport involves
adoption of an atmospheric transport
model to validate satellite measurements
of carbon released as a result of
biomass burning.
West African rainfall variability is being
monitored in a six-year project to
estimate interannual rainfall variability
over the Sudano-Sahelian region and to
establish a relationship to convective
. events associated with the Intertropical
Convergence Zone and. its monthly
mean position. Hydrological cycle modeling at CaiSpace includes
developing regional model simulations
of monthly averaged surface precipita
tion and temperature and comparing
these simulations with observed
conditions.
Three-dimensional cloud imaging and
model simulations are being done at
CaiSpace and Scripps. Scientists are
building a cloud imager that reconstructs 3-D cloud structures to assist in
analyzing and classifying satellite
observations. Ship sounding data and
satellite observations from the Earth
Radiation Budget Experiment are being
used to study the physics of convection
and the super greenhouse effect.
Scientists are focusing on the physics of the greenhouse effect and its interrelationship with convection and sea
surface temperature.
A statistical treatment of infrared
radiative transfer (transfer of heat by
electromagnetic reaction) through
random fractal cloud fields is being
investigated to find the affects of
inhomogeneous cloud structure on
possible increase in infrared radiation.
A study is being done of primary
productivity using space and airborne
instrumentation sensitive to ocean color
variations, which result from changes in
phytoplankton pigment concentration.
. Also, collection of in situ atmospheric
emission measurements is being made
for ~adiative budget studies.
INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS
AND PLANETARY PHYSICS
The San Diego branch of the University
of California systemwide )nstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
(IGPP) is located at Scripps and is
strongly linked to Scripps through joint
faculty appointments, research interests,
and shared facilities. Other IGPP
branches are located at the los Angeles
and Riverside campuses and at the los
Alamos and lawrence livermore
national laboratories.
IGPP research at .Scripps spans many
disciplines, including seismology and
geodesy. Globa I seismology-the study
of earthquakes or other vibrations in the
earth produced both naturally and
artificially-is studied by Drs. j. Freeman
Gilbert, T. Guy Masters, and Peter M.
Shearer. Drs. jonathan Berger, jean
Francois Fels, Holly K. Given, and Frank l. Vernon focus their research on
the development and operation of global seismic networks.
Investigations of the size and shape of
the earth, location of fixed points using earth-based coordinate systems, and
study of the earth's gravitational field
form the basis of research in geodesy.
Drs. Duncan C. Agnew, Yehuda Bock,
Peng Fang, Jean-Bernard Minster, Frank
K. Wyatt, and Mark A Zumberge
concentrate their efforts in geodesy.
Study of the pressure, velocity, and
acceleration of fluids, either at rest or in
motion, defines the field of fluid ·
mechanics. IGPP investigations in this
area are carried out by Drs. Glenn R.
lerely, Myrl C. Hendershott, John W.
Miles, and Rick l. Salmon. Drs. Peter
F. Worcester and Walter H. Munk
continue their studies of marine
acoustics.
Work in marine geophysics is carried
out by Drs. Steve C. Constable, Alistair
j. Harding, and John A Orcutt. The
forces and pr0cesses of the earth's
interior define geodynamics studied at
IGPP by Dr. W. Jason Phipps-Morgan.
Drs. George E. Backus, Cathy G.
Constable, and Robert l. Parker
concentrate on theoretical geophysics.
The rapid growth of IGPP research
programs necessitated an expansion in
laboratory and office space. The
expansion was made possible by
contributions to the Cecil and Ida
Green Foundation for the Earth
Sciences by Cecil Green, Walter and
judith Munk, and Ellen and the late
Roger Revelle. A pedestrian crossing,
one of the few cable-stayed bridges in
the United States, will connect the new
building to one across the road.
Many of the scientific projects being conducted at Scripps are presented briefly in the Research Activities section . Each division provided their description. The majority of these studies are funded by the National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Department of Commerce, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Army, and other governmental agencies.
FOR READERS INTERESTED
IN A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
OF EACH SCIENTIST'S WORK,
PLEASE REQUEST A RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES BOOKLET FROM:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OFFICE
9500 GILMAN DRIVE DEPT 02338
LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92093-0233.
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
35
•
36
•
THE GRADUATE DEPARTMENT
OF THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF
OCEANOGRAPHY OFFERS INSTRUGION
LEADING TO PH.D. DEGREES IN
OCEANOGRAPHY, MARINE BIOLOGY,
AND EARTH SCIENCES.
Because of the interdisciplinary nature
of the ocean sciences, the department
provides a choice of seven curricular
prog rams through which the student
may pursue a five-year Ph.D. degree.
Ea·ch of these curricular groups has
prerequisites for admission in addition
to the departmental requirements:
The curricular programs are described
below. For application procedures and
more informa tion, please write to:
University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Graduate Department 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0208 La Jolla, California 92093-0208.
DRS. RICHARD ROSENBLATT AND CHIN LAI EXAMINE A LUMINESCENT FISH DURING A TEACHING CRUISE
ABOARD R/V ROBERT GORDON SPROUL
APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCES
This interdepartmental curriculum
combines the resources of the Scripps
Graduate Department with those of the
Department of Applied Mechanics and
Engineering Sciences and the Depart
ment of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, on the UC San Diego
campus.
Engineers gain a substantial education
in oceanography, and oceanographers
receive training in modern engineering.
Instruction and basic research include
the applied science of the sea, and
structural, mechanical, material,
electrical, and physiological problems
within the ocean.
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
In the biological oceanography
curriculum, the interactions of marine
organisms with the physical-chemical
environment and with each other are
studied. Research and instruction in this
curriculum range from food-chain
dynamics and community structure to
taxonomy, behavior, physiology, and
z'?ogeography.
GEOCHEMISTRY AND
MARINE CHEMISTRY
The geochemistry and marine chemistry
curriculum emphasizes the chemical and
geochemical processes operating in the
oceans, the solid earth, the atmosphere,
marine organisms, polar ice sheets,
lakes, meteorites, and the solar system.
This program, designed for students
with undergraduate majors in either
chemistry or geology, features areas
of advanced study and research that
include the physical and inorganic
chemistry of seawater; ocean circula
tion and mixing based on chemical and
isotopic tracers; marine organic and
natural products chemistry; geochemical
interactions of sediments with seawater
and interstitial waters; geochemistries of volcanic and geothermal phenom- ·
ena; chemical exchanges between the
ocean and the atmosphere; geochemi
cal cycles of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen,
and other elements; isotope geochemis
try of the solid earth and meteorites;
atmospheric trace gas chemistry;
paleoatmospheric composition recorded in polar ice cores and in sediments;
and chemistry of lakes and other freshwater systems. .
GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
This curriculum applies observational,
experimental, and theoretical methods
to the understanding of the solid earth
and solar system and how they relate to
the ocean and atmosphere. Principal
subprograms are marine geology and
geophysics, tectonics, sedimentology,
micropaleontology and paleoc~nography, petrology and geochemistry,
and isotope geology. Expedition work
at sea, and field work on land are
emphasized as essential complements
to laboratory and theoretical studies.
GEOPHYSICS
This curriculum educates the student
about the physics of the solid earth,
including the earth's magnetic field,
the mechanics of tectonic processes,
earthquakes and the waves they
produce, the physics of the earth's
interior, and mathematical methods
for analyzing data and interpreting
them in terms of models of the earth.
The program emphasizes physical
and mathematical approaches to
geophysical research.
MARINE BIOLOGY
The marine biology curriculum
emphasizes the biology of marine
organisms-animals, plants, and
prokaryotes. The research and teaching
' encompass a range of biological
disciplines, including biomechanics,
evolution,· behavior, neurobiology,
developmental biology, and compara
tive physiology /biochemistry.
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Studies in physical oceanography
include observation , analysis, and
theoretical interpretation of the general circulation of ocean currents and the
transport of dissolved and suspended
substances and heat; the distribution
and variation of oceanic properties;
the propagation of sound and electro
magnetic energy in the ocean; and
the properties and propagation of ocean waves.
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
37
•
38 •
STUDENT ENROLLMENT
In the fall of 1992, 34 new students
were admitted to graduate study. Of
these, 1 0 were in marine biology, 4 in
geological sciences, 6 in geochemistry
and marine chemistry, 4 in geophysics,
3 in physical oceanography, 2 in
applied ocean sciences, and 5 in
biological oceanography. Enrollment
at the beginning of the academic year
was 1 8 3. UC San Diego awarded
26 Doctor of Philosophy degrees
and 3 Master of Science degrees
to the students listed in this section.
GRADUATE STUDENTS
AND DEGREE RECIPIENTS
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREES
AWARDED, WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS
EARTH SCIENCES
Eun joo Borg, "Studies of Beryllium
Geochemistry in Soils: Feasibility
of Using Ratios 10Be/9Be for Age
Determination."
Hadley 0. Johnson, "Techniques and
Studies in Crustal Deformation ."
Graham M. Kent, "A Multichannel
Seismic Investigation of Magma
Chamber Structure Along the East
Pacific Rise: Implications for Models
of Ridge Segmentation."
Kristen Nilsson, "Oxidation State, Sulfur
Speciation, and Sulfur Concentration in
Basaltic Magmas: Examples from Hess
D~p and the La~ Basin ."
Jeffrey D. Schuffert, "Formation of
Modern Phosphorite off Southern Baja California, Mexico: Mechanism, Rates,
and Controls."
MARINE BIOLOGY
Elizabeth P. Dahlhoff, "Physiological
Adaptations to Temperature in Hydro
thermal Vent Invertebrates and Abalo-nes."
Heidi Dewar, "Studies of Tropical Tuna
Swimming Performance: Thermoregula
tion, Energetics and Swimming
Mechanics."
Ronald S. Kaufmann, "The Behavior,
Physiology and Ecology of Scavenging
Lysianassoid Amphipods, with Compari
sons between Shallow- and Deep
Water Species."
Jen-jen Lin, "Thermal Adaptation of
Cytoplasmic Malate Dehydrogenases
of Teleost Fishes."
Kevin W. Mandernack, "Oxygen
Isotopic, Mineralogical and Field
Studies of Microbial Manganese Oxidation."
Patricia E. Rosel, "Genetic Population
Structure and Systematic Relationships
of Some Small Cetaceans Inferred from
Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation."
T zung-Horng Yang, "The Physiological
and Biochemical Responses of Fishes to
Different Oxygen Concentrations and . Feeding Conditions."
OCEANOGRAPHY
Saima Aijaz, "Dynamic Shear Stress in
Fluid-Mud Suspensions."
Steven P. A nderson, "Shear, Strain and
Thermohaline Vertical Fine Structure in
the Upper Ocean."
Tracy W. Baynes, "Effects of Sedimenta
tion, Light and Grazing on the Encrusting Community of a Tropical Rock Reef in the Southern Gulf of California."
Michel A. Boudrias, "The Biomechan
ics, the Kinematics, and the Fluid
Dynamics of Swimming in the Deep-Sea
Lysianassid Amphipod Eurythenes gryllus (Lichstenstein) ."
Wei-Jun Cai, uln Situ Microelectrode
Studies of the Early Diagenesis of
Organic Carbon and CaC03 in
Hemipelagic Sediments of the North
east Pacific Ocean."
Robert F. Chen, "The Fluorescence of
Dissolved Organic Matter in the Marine
Environment."
Daniel C. Conley, "Ventilated Oscilla
tory Boundary Layers."
Alessandro Conversi , "Variability of
Water Quality Data Collected Near
Three Major Southern California
Sewage Outfalls."
Brian D. Dushaw, "The 1987 Gyre
Scale Reciprocal Acoustic Tomography Experiment."
Scott C. France, "Geographic Variation
Among Deep-Sea Populations of
Scavenging Lysianassoid Amphipods."
Ronald A. George, "Observations of Turbulence in the Natural Surf Zone."
Michele S. Okihiro, "Seiche in a Small
Harbor."
Debra L. Palka, "Estimating Density of
Animals When Assumptions of Line
Transect Surveys Are Violated."
Xin Zhang, "A Study of Capil lary and
Capillary-Gravity Wind Waves: Their
Structures, Distributions, and Energy
Balances."
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREES
Earth Sciences
Kari M. Marchant
Oceanography
Helmut Mayer
Sarah E. Richards-Gross
R/V MELVILLE (LEFT, FROM TOP), R/V ROBERT GORDON SPROUL, R/V NEW HORIZON, R/P FLIP, AND R/P ORB.
THE MELVILLE IN PORT IN THE TAHITIAN ISLANDS (RIGHT).
ONE OF THE MAIN TOOLS IN
THE STUDY OF THE OCEAN IS OUR
OCEANOGRAPHIC FLEET, WHICH
IS MADE UP OF THREE RESEARCH
VESSELS AND TWO PLATFORMS.
OUR FLEET TRAVELED MORE THAN
90,000 NAUTICAL MILES IN
FISCAL YEAR 1992-1993
AND OPERATED A
TOTAL OF 719 DAYS.
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
39
•
TYPE
YR. BUILT
YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS
OWNER
lENGTH
BEAM
DRAFT, FULL
DISPLACEMENT, FULL (TONS)
CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS)
RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES)
40 CREW
• SCIENTIFIC PARTY
TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED
OPERATING DAYS
R/V MELVILLE
R/V Melville with
Thomas Desjardins
as captain and Eric
Buck as relief captain
supported Phoenix
Expedition, legs I
through IV, and
Gloria Expedition,
legs I through VIII.
Nine chief scientists
led 16 cruises that took
the ship from the seas
off San Diego to
Acapulco, Guadalupe
Island, the Hess Deep, the Easter Seamount
Chain, and the East
Pacific Rise.
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
1981
1984
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
125'
32'
9'6"
696
9
3,250
5
12
12,632.6 NAUTICAL MILES
146
During these cruises the
scientific groups were
involved in testing and
calibration of SEA BEAM;
in using SEA BEAM for
geophysical surveys; in
GLORI-B surveys; in studies
of seafloor spreading;
and in seafloor sampling
with rock drills and dredges.
TYPE
YR. BUILT
YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS
OWNER
LENGTH
BEAM
DRAFT, FULL
DISPLACEMENT, FULL (TONS)
CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS)
RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES)
CREW
SCIENTIFIC PARTY
TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED
OPERATING DAYS
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
1969 (REFinED, 1992)
1969
U.S. NAVY
278'10 ..
46'
16'6"
2,958
12
12,000
23
38
59,487.7 NAUTICAL MILES
330
R/V ROBERT GORDON SPROUL
During the 1992-1993
fiscal year, 25 chief
scientists led over 40 scientific explorations
aboard R/V Robert Gordon Sproul. On
these trips the groups
performed a marine
mammal survey; col lected
clams and fish; tested
a wide variety of equipment including
seafloor tiltmeters, fluorometers, drifters,
and an optical particle
counter; studied nitrogen,
marine snow, the food
chain, fluorescence,
benthic biology, UV
effects on larvae,
ocean disposal,
the coastal environment,
and sediment transport;
and performed mooring
deployment and recov
ery. A class field trip
was also completed.
Louis Zimm was the
regular captain of R/V
Robert Gordon Sproul relieved by Roger Price,
Thomas Althouse, and Linette Sutton. The ship
plied the waters off the
southern California coast
between Santa Barbara
and San Diego on most
outings. One three-and
one-half week marine
mammal survey took
R/V Robert Gordon Sproul to the Gulf of Alaska.
midwater animals and
biological samples;
studied benthic biology,
R/V NEW HORIZON m icrozooplankton,
sediments, seawater, and Nineteen trips took R/V food chain biology; New Horizon from the seas worked with programs such off Baja California north to as CaiCOFI, HOTS and the Oregon coast and west WOCE drifter deploy-to the islands of Hawaii. ments; tested equipment Christopher Curl was the including the MOCNESS, captain relieved by John moorings, and GARRP Manion and Albert recovery; provided a Arsenault. Eighteen chief student cruise; and scientists directed over 30 performed airgun work scientific explorations. On with joides Resolution. these trips they collected
R/P FLIP R/P FLIP, captained by Dewitt Efird, was used this year for thruster testing and BAND. With Terry Hoopes as captain, the research platform was used for crew training.
TYPE
YR. BUILT
FLOATING INSTRUMENT PLATFORM
1962
YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS 1962
OWNER
LENGTH
BEAM
DRAFT, FUll
DISPLACEMENT, FUll (TONS)
CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS)
RANGE {NAUTICAL MILES)
CREW
SCIENTIFIC PARTY
TOTAL DISTANCE TOWED
OPERATING DAYS
U.S. NAVY
355'
20'
11'/300'
1,500
VARIEs•
VARIEs•
6
10
160 NAUTICAL MILES
23
•oEPENDS ON TOWING VESSEL
TYPE OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
YR. BUILT 1978
YR. ACQUIRED IY SCRIPPS 1978
OWNER UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA
LENGTH 170'
BEAM 36'
DRAFT, FUll 12'8"
DISPLACEMENT, FUll (TONS) 1,080
CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS) 10
RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES) 4, 100
CREW 12
SCIENTIFIC PARTY 17
TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED 18,810.22 NAUTICAL MILES
OPERATING DAYS 220
R/P ORB
R/P ORB was not in operation during the 1992-1993 fiscal year.
TYPE OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH BUOY
YR. BUILT 1967
YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS 1968
OWNER U.S. NAVY
lENGTH 69'
BEAM 45'
DRAFT, FUll FWD.4'10.5"/ AFT 5 ' 4.5"
DISPLACEMENT, FULL (TONS) 325
CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS) VARIES•
RANGE {NAUTICAL MILES) VARIEs•
CREW 5
SCIENTIFIC PARTY 10
TOTAL DISTANCE TOWED 0
OPERATING DAYS 0
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION 0 OCEANOGRAPHY
41
•
42 •
FEDERAL GoVERNMENT FUNDS
National Scien<» f dation
Navy, Department of the
Commerce, Department of
National Aeronautics and Space Ad
Air Force, Department of the
Health and Human Services, Department cJ Interior, Department of
Energy, Department of
Defense, Department of
Other
TOTAL FEDERAL
OTHER FUNDS
State General Funds
Private Gifts and Grants
Overhead Funds
State of California
Endowment Funds
Local Government
Sales and Services
Reserves
TOTAL OTHER FUNDS
TOTAL CURRENT FUNDS
*Includes Overhead
I I I
I I I
PERCENTAGE OF EXPENDITURES* TOTAL
27.63 % $ 22,667, 18 1
14.30% $ 11,7 40,582
6.70 % $ 5,499,208
5.05 % $ 4,147,012
0.37 % $ 305,281
1.72 % $ 1,414,449
2.24 % $ 1,838,386
2. 11 % $ 1,730,508
2.00% $ 1,641,130
0.40 % $ 327,988
62.52 % $51,311,725
·19.03 % $ 15,619,235
11.94 % $ 9,798,016
1.62 % $ 1,327,454
2.14% $ 1,758,745
2.22 % $ 1,826,016
0.15 % $ 122,271
0.60% $ 494,478
-0.22 % $ (183,068}
37.48 % $ 30,763,147
100 % $ 82,07 4,872
IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN
MAKING A DONATION TO
THE INSTITUTION, PLEASE CONTACT:
UNIVERSITY O F CAUFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
DIRECTOR'S OFFICE
9500 GILMAN DRIVE DEPT 0210
LA JOLlA, CALIFORNIA 92093-0210
619/ 534-6945
STATE, CITY, AND FEDERAL AGENCIES
California, State of
The Resources Agency of California
Deportment of Boating and Waterways
Deportment of Fish and Game
Deportment of Transportation
Deportment of Water Resources
San Diego, City of
San Francisco, City of
United States
Agriculture, Department of
Forestry Service
Commerce, Deportment of
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Defense, Department of
Advanced Research Projects Agency
Air Force, Deportment of
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
Army, Deportment of the
Army Corps of Engineers
Navy, Deportment of the
Institute of Naval Oceanography
Naval Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Research Laboratory
Naval Ocean Systems Center
Naval Research Laboratory
Office of Naval Research
Energy, Deportment of
Health and Human Service, Deportment of
National Institutes of Health
Interior, Deportment of the
U.S. Geological Survey
Minerals Management Services
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Science Foundation
CORPORATIONS/FOUNDATIONS/
ORGANIZATIONS
American Chemical Society
Antarctic Support Associates
ARCO Foundation, Incorporated
ARCS Foundation, Los Angeles Chapter
ARCS Foundation, San Diego Chapter
Argonne National Laboratory
Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Cable, Pipe & Leak Detection
California Coastal Commission
California Space Institute
Certified Folder Display Service, Inc.
Cheese Shop
Chesapeake Fish Company
Columbia University
Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.
Cornell University
Cubic
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION
Cushman Family Foundation
Dr. Suess Foundation
E G & G Washington Analytical Services Center, Inc.
Electric Power Research Institute
Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.
Embassy La Jolla Partners
Entotech, Inc.
Epozote Restaurant
Federal Express Corporation
First Interstate Bank of California
Foxley Cattle Company
Samuel H. French and Katherine Weaver French Fund
General Atomics
General Dynamics
Cecil H . & Ida M. Green Foundation·
for Earth Sciences
Government of Canada
Hall Family Foundation
The William H. and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation
Hyatt Corporation
Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
Jefferies & Co., Inc.
Jet Propulsion Laboratories
Johns Landing Auto Body, Inc.
Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.
Knight Aid Fund
Krant Family Trust
Kvaas Construction
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories
Ligand Pharmaceuticals
Los Alamos National Laboratories
Marine Experimental Service
Maurice Masserini Charitable Trust
MBC Applied Environmental Sciences
McDonnell Douglas
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
National Geographic Society
Nav-Sim Associates
New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Oregon State University
Osteoarthritis Sciences, Inc.
Pacific Gas and Electric
PC Aquatics, Incorporated
Preuss Family Foundation
Quantum Financial & Insurance Services
Quest for Truth Foundation
Ralph's Grocery Company
Rancho Los Coches
Robert F. Driver Co., Inc.
R. P. Foundation
Sandia National Laboratories
San Diego Community Foundation
San Diego Gas & Electric Company
Science Applications International Corporation
Teledyne Geotech
Texaco, Inc.
Texas A&M Univer~ity
0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
43
•
Arthur M. and Olga T. Eisig - Peter and Lianne Clark lester 0. and lynne Gardner Scott lawson
Arthur M. and Kate Eisig Tode Stephen l. Coale David and Dorothea Garfield Sandra Ledgerwood
Foundation Daniel j. Coden Emil Ghio Terry and Sally leeds
Tuna Industry Invitational Robert l. and Bettie Cody Joris and Barbara Gieskes Elaine leon
Golf Tournament Teddy Cole Sally and Freeman Gilbert Ralph and Lanna Lewin
University of Alaska lawrence and Margaret Coleman leo B. Glaser Linda C. Lippincott
University of California, Davis Brian Collins William and Sue Gordon Chi-li Liu
University of California, Tom and Karen Collins Edwin E. Grain IV ·William K. La and Patricia Konopka
Santa Barbara Glenn and Cher Conner Andrew A. and Sue Grant Carl and Claudia Lowenstein
University of Chicago Helen K. Copley Cecil Green John lyddon
University of Hawaii Paul Cooley Florence Green Sheila and John Douglas
University of New Mexico Harry G. Cooper Diana E. Greenberg Macdougall
University of Southern California Janet B. Cooper Bob Griffin Carol Ann Madsen
University of Tennessee George and Mary Cory Donald and Joan Grine Margaret Marentette
University of Texas C. S. Coughran Joan Grobstein Karol Markley
University of Washington B. King Couper Carol Grosz Christy Marten
UNOCAL/Union Oil Edward W. Cox Whitney and Melinda Hall Jeffrey l. Marxen
The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation Valerie K. and Harmon Craig Melanie and Oleh Haluszka Robert and Phoebe McAnlis
Washington State University Richard A. and Alice Cramer William T. Hammond R. l. and Anna McArthy
Woods Hole Oceanographic Nona B. and Perry j. S. Crampton Vicki S. Hartwell Elizabeth 0. McCarthy
Institution Esther D. Cresci William S. Harvie Ronald E. McCray
Tom lewis Cresci Donna and James Hawkins Constance K. Mcintire
INDIVIDUALS V. E. and Pam Cronkhite Jerry and Pat Haxall Jay Meadows
Frances and Margery Abinanti Diane M. Curran Harry W. Heid Marcia and Steven Medof
Joseph Ross Curray Robert R. Hessler Cindy Melter Antes Agnew
Darby Davis Joseph W. Hibben Gifford M. Menard Gretchen Allen
Elizabeth W. Dawson Nicholas and Linda M. Holland Robert and Christy Mendes loretta M. Alvarado and Glenn Dimit
Alex and Betty De Bakcsy John K. and Connie Hucko Geraldine D. Meusburger Faiza NYamani
Danna l. Denning James W. Hughes P.j. Miali Amyelin Anderson
William Disher louise P. Huston Joseph and Muriel Miller David and Sandra Arkin
Gail Dodd· Kathleen Ide j. B. and C. J. Minster Gustaf and Jenny Arrhenius
Robert and Karen Donnick Malkom G. Jackoway Gordon and Betty Moore Catherine Ashley
Frank D. Downey Jack Jaeger Jim and Susan Morris Richard and Rita Atkinson
William Drell lynne J. and Thomas Jantz Kenneth M. Moser lzcidore and Fulvia Barrett
Elizabeth and Marie Dyer Scott Johnson Michael and Constance Mullin James H. Barrett
William James Durant Easton Mr. and Mrs. Charles N. Jones louis A. and Maurine Munoz June Barrymore
Ruth Ebey Allan H. Juliussen Josephine Johnson Munzinger Rudy Bauer
Robert Addison Ely Patricia A. Kampmann Edward and Helen Muzzy lrmy Baxter
Victor S. and louise Engleman louis Kaplan C. Arthur and Stephanie Myers Dorothy and Andrew Bens~m
Alvis 0. Eoff Ira and Joan Katz Terry A and Doreen Myers Wolfgang and Karen Berger
lynn Epsten Tom Keck Mohandas Narla Mary and James Berglund
Mary Hope Estill Norman and Marla Keith Josiah and Rita Neeper Frank and Marjorie Biggam
Harry E. Ettinger Tim and Marie Kelley lois J. Nelson Ralph M. Bishop
Brad and Wendy Evarts Durrant and Gini Kellogg Viola Nelson James R. and Jane (DiTullio)
Grant Fairbanks William and Edythe Kenton William and lynn Newman Blattenberger
Carolyn Farris Kern and Julie Kenyon leland C. and Virginia Nielsen Donald G. Bliss
Philip and Heidrun F?ulconer J. W. Kieckhefer Edith Nierenberg Bruce D. Bock
Roger and Marilyn Baesky Ralph G. Ferguson Kyung-Ryul and Eunyoung K. Kim Toyoaki and Kyoko Nogami
Carlos Fernandez John King Cheryl Nancarrow Fredricka Borland
Donald D. Ferren Wayne and Mary Kirchmann Novo Nordisk Marjorie H. and Hugh Bradner
Arnold E. Feuerstein Barbara and Neil A. Kjos, Jr. Jay and Nancy Northcutt Daniel J. and Althea Brimm
Elliot Feuerstein Suzant:~e and John Booth Koch Erma O'Brien l. and D.P. Brower
James M. Feuerstein Thomas F. Koch Dorothy Olson Charles E. Bubert lewis Feuerstein Kathleen Konek William and Anne Otterson Fredericka Buckly
Fred Fisher G. l. and Melba Kooyman Charles H. Owlsley Jean Burrington-EIIis
Walter Fitch Ill Stanley and Janet Kowalsky Charles and Ina Page John E. Butcher
Joan Flanagan James Kramer Constantine and Hope Pappas Thomas Casey
Diane W. Fondriest Stephen and lyn Krant Jacqueline leah Parker • 44 Francis Cassou
Theodore D. Foster Norman and Sally Kroll Patrick J. and Rose Patek
• John C. and Lisa Champeny Jeffrey and Trina Frankel Kittie K. and James Kuhns Douglas and Sandra Pay
Gordon Chang leonard Friedman Peter and Edith La Dow Elizabeth F. Perry
Roger A. Chastain Edward Frieman Devendra Lal H. E. Peterson
George W. Checketts Charles W. Frith Michael E. lane Raymond M. and Marcia Peterson
Tsaihwa J. Chow Sandra and George A. Fraley Ill Walter and Karen laughlin Susan l. Phelps
Mrs. Jack A. Cipra lawrence G. Fromwiller Jeffrey D. and Sharon lawrence Joi D. Prater
j. Dallaj and Mary Clark Alfred W. and Sandra Gardner M. larry and Shelia lawrence Peter and Peggy Preuss
G. L. Price Evelyn M. Truitt Ellen Warner Scott EXPEDITION SOCIETY A. W. Prichard Robert D. Tschirgi Donald and Darlene Shiley
Helga and Jaime Burreii-Sahl* Blaine Quick Kazuko and Mizuki Tsuchiya Kenneth and Edith Smargon *
Jane McNeel Keller* Douglas B. Quine Eleanor L. tum Suden John and Solly Thornton
Stephen and Marilyn Miles* Susan and Roelif Randerson Mihoko and Victor Vacquier Hal and Betty Jo Willia~s*
Ruth Schulman Dawn S. and John Rawls Edward L. Van Buskirk Carolyn Yorston
Cynthia Wilford and John Borja James P. and Grace Raymond Ina and Frank Van Der Loan K. R. Rearwin William D. Varon E. W. SCRIPPS ASSOCIATES
DISCOVERY TEAM Joseph and Freda Reid Ted Velasquez
Frank and Linnea Arrington Glenn and Elleda Reiter Elizabeth L. Venrick
Michael and Janice .Batter Glenn and Joy Arai*
Jack Ressler and Family Heinrich A. Vischer Fred and Nancy Borrelli
Ina Bartell* Ellen Revelle Toni and B. E. Volcani Guillermo and Cecelia Calderon* Robert and Barbara Riddle Barbara Walbridge
Helen K. Copley* John and Marilyn Cameron*
Florence Riford Peter Walther Stephen and Marjorie Cushman
David L. Chapman* Tom Dixson
Donald and Kristin Riles Gerald and Viviane Warren John and Jan Driscoll
Paul D. Clark* Jean A. and Thomas Riley David Wedeking
Roy and Laura Everingham Joe Currie* David Riseman James R. and Jennye Wedeking
Stuart and Allison Lasley Goode* Donald Daley, Sr.
Howard Robbins Steven Weisbrod Mark Grosvenor
Jerrold L. Danzer* The Charles Robins Family Ellen M. Wells
Rick and Tory Gulley* Rollin and Ellen Revelle Eckis *
Lawrence B. Robinson Frederick Wells Russ and Elaine Harris
Charles and Mary Fedak Jerome B. Rockwood Richard and Lydia Wheeler
Alan and Nora Jaffe* Leon C. Felton*
Janice Roehr James and Juanita Whisenand Maurice and Charmaine Kaplan
Frederick Fisher* Cecelia Ross Lawrence R. Whiting and
Stephen and Lyn Krant J. Stephen Fossett* Rosemary Rutherford Valerie Hongo-Whiting
Dan and Cynthia Kronemeyer Joan N ightingale Fox*
Karen Sandau-Macklin Shara H. Wiley. Michael and Judith Frieman* Norm and Karleen Sattler Edmund F. Wilford
Werner and Myra Ki.irn John and Anne Gilchrist*
Noel Meadows Allan Souter Lawrence S. Wilkinson
Dorothy Deyo Munro Jeffrey and Rosemarie Graham*
Edward L. Schechter Gordon and Marilyn Williams Jeremiah Robins
Dorothy and Roscoe E. Hazard, Jr.* Steven Schmid Harold and Betty Jo Williams
Gary and. Laura Saterbak Kenneth E. and Dorothy Hill*
Charles Scripps Randolph L. Williams Ed and Christy Scripps
Dorothy and R. W. Horstman* Edward W. Scripps, Jr. CarrieR. and Wayne Wilson
William and Kathy Scripps Sandra Hulbert*
Robert P. Scripps Dexter S. and Susan Wilson Patricia and William G. Hulburd Samuel H. Scripps Michael Dan Windgren Alex Szekely*
E. W. and Coley Hunt* David L. Wolf
William and Kathy Scripps David Wolf Richard and Ruth Yasuda*
Janet and Richard E. Hunter Greg and Anthony Seashore Jack K. and Toby Wolf Hart and Patricia Isaacs* Victor and Margaret Sell Doris Woods
CORPORATE AFFILIATES Mary Carol Isaacs* Gregg and Karrell Lynn Sentenn Do!1ald and Kay Wren Buck Kamphausen * M. H. Sessions Joseph Wright Allar·Tic financial Services, Vincent F. Kelley* Betty N . and George G. Shor, Jr. A. Aristides and Sandra M. Yayanos Christopher Davis James and Penelope Kelly Janet Siegel Charles S. and Clarice M. Yentsch Bannister Steel, Inc., Ralph Bannister Olive Kemp* Renee and Stanley Siegel HowardS. and Christy Zatkin Doubletree Club Hotel, Anne and Charles J. Kennedy* Ivan and Maria Simpson Gordie Zimm Mary Kay Bauer Donald and Alison Kerr* Ken and Edith Smargon Edward M. Zollo Ill Earl Walls Associates, James Walls Neil and Barbara Kjos * Charles and Christine Smith Eternal Hills Memorial Park, Hannalore and Stephen I. Klein Kenneth Smith POSEIDON PATRONS W . George Hubbard Timothy Knight* W . A. and Irene Snyder James and Mary Berglund General Atomics, J. Neal Blue Minerva and Herbert Kunze!* George N . Somera and Barbara Bloom General Dynamics, James F. Watson Peter and Edith LaDow
Amy Anderson William and Jeanette Burnett Mutual of Omaha's Wildlife Kendall and Lynn Langley* Mary Somera Robert and Heritage Trust, Kathy Olson Robert and Joan Lervaag* Barbara Spaulding Margaret Scripps Buzzelli Ocean Blue Products, Donald and lngeborg Lynn* Fred N . and Solly Spiess , Robert and Bettie Cody Spencer Young Fred and Gloria Mattson* Robert L. and Marlene Stapleford Don and Karen Cohn Ocean Garden Products, Inc., Jean and Janet Mclaughlin* John L. and Joan Stark Robert and Nina Doede Carlos Vidali Pat and Thomas L. McMillan* T. J. Stathas Robert and Beatrice Epsten * Ruch Weather Services, Inc., Robert E. Moss* Jim Stewart Walter Fitch Ill Paul E. Ruch II Dale and Orie Myers* Mrs. Stanley Stone Leonard and Sandra Friedman Sondicast, Inc., Sandra Brue William and Lallie Nelson* Ruth Stroud Audrey Geisel* Specialty Manufacturing Inc., Nancy Olmsted* Michael and Patricia Stucky Maurice and Charmaine Kaplan Dennis Williams James A. Pearson*
45 Harry and Susan Summers Linda Kapstein Taiwan Seafood and Fish Terri Ranay and Chris Brookhart • Mark Sven Swenson Ben and Sheri Kelts Corporation, Joseph Chen Steven and Janice Schmid Theodore T. and Joseph and Geri Warnke Kennedy Tauber Electronics, Inc., Marianne Scholer*
Therese Ann Tanalski Larry and Shelia Davis Lawrence Robert W. Tauber Ellen Warner Scott* Claire Taravos John Lyddon T. M. Tobin Company, Inc. Pippa Scott* Leon J. and Donna J. Thai Peter and Peggy Preuss* Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Charles E. Scripps* Harold V. and Ann Thurman Charles and Mary Louise Robins* Company, David Goss Fred and Sally Spiess* Louise D. Tillotson
s c R I p p s I NSTITUTION 0 OCEANOGRAPHY
Gordon and Jean Sproul* John E. and Eleanor Barbey Harry Gray Browne* Cora Cordova*
Steve and lauren Tabor* Kathleen Barger* Eunice Brownstein* Charles E. Cornelius*
William and Elizabeth Thurston* Harry M. Barnes Mrs. Earle T. Brucker Paul Cornish*
Jeff and Annette Usa II* Michael and Bonnie Barnes* Buck and Jo Buchanan* Julius Coronado*
Victor M. Vidal* Charlene S. Baron Mrs. Vincent Buckley Jim and Sunny Costello*
A. D. and Gloria Warren* Mrs. j. S. Barry* Paul A. Buote, Jr. Emma and Raymond Cote, Jr.
Gerald and Viviane Warren* j . Gordon and Olive Bateman* Beatrice D. Burch* Kathleen and Merle D. Countryman
Mike and Gayle Yeakle* Rodey and Jill Batiza * Bruce Burgener Christina Cournoyer
Jean S: ZoBel I* Frederick and Ruth Baynes* Jane C . Burns Susan B. Cowell
John and Elly Beard* Sondra Buschmann* Jenny and Sid Craig*
PIER GROUP John R. Beers* Nancy R. Bushnell Richard and Alice Cramer*
Maxwell M. Belding* Bruce and Sondra Butler Perry j. S. and Nona B. Crampton* Ruth Aasen
Barbara Belkin* John D. and V. Kirk Butler* Beatrice and Allan Crane Melvin Abrams
Anne and John Belus John lawton Butler* Gordon Crawford Charles and Marianne Adams
Tom and lin Benedek* Carlos Cabrera Craig R. Crawley Maida Adams
Josephine Be~nel leona Call Donna and John Crean Mark Adamson and
Marcia M. Bennett* Mrs. Markley Cameron Mary and Eaton Cromwell* Nancy Tschiderer
john and Jane Benson* Karin Camp louise and George P. Cronk Gary and Carol Aden*
Brian Bentler* . Terry Camp Alice Crosser louis and Sharon Hulse Adler
Rodney Berens* Allan C. Campbell Jo Crown* ·Mark and Jeanne Akins*
Peter Berger* Dorothy A. Campbell Gayle and Craig Cummings Charles Allen, Jr, and
Wolfgang and Karen Berger Arnold j. Cardoza Diana and Greg Cunningham Margaret lenson-AIIen
John A. Bergfeld* Arthur and Inez Carey* Claire Curtis Sheila Allen
Barbara Bernacchi Deane R. Carlson D'Agnessa Insurance Agency* Willis M. Allen
John and Suzanne Berol * Patricia and James H. Carmel Karl Danielson* George and Sari lee Anderson*
Kim and les Betz Diane W. Carnes Lori Danryd William R. Anderson*
Daniel and Susan Bialek Max H. Carpenter Russ Davis Craig and jean Andreiko*
Jonathan W. Biddle Robert A. Carroll Tom and Gale Davis* Margaret D. Andrews
Jody Upham Billings Hugh and Patricia Carter Charles K. Dayton* Mary l. and Dan E. Andrews, Jr.
John and Elva Bishop* lisa and David Casey Charles Deacon, Jr.* Rashed and Pamela Ansari
Florence Black Marie M. Cote* Ruth and C. William Dealy, Jr. Jim Antrim
Carolyn A. Blakeley George and Audre Cavanagh* Nancy Bartling Dean* J. Samuel and Anne Armstrong
Jock Boatman, Jr. Flavia Cevallos* Annemorie and Robert F. DeCor! Stan and Kelly Asato*
Joseph Bobee * I. M. and Mary Ann Chait* Ted and linda DeFeo* Ann Griffith Ash
Marna V. Boch J. jud Chalmers* Paul D'Heilly* Peggy and Gary Ashcraft
S. locke Bogart* Ruth H. Chambers* MelodieS. Dejong Jill Askey
Kenneth and Pamela Bondy* Jerilyn S. Champagne* Marge De La Rossa Norma Assam
Dorothy S. Bonsall Jeanne Chancer Mary Delbruck * C. Hayden Atchison*
Alice R. Boorse Katherine M. Chandler* Lilia E. Delgado Eulie Gary Atkins*
Earl and Jean Booth* Robert Chopin* John DellaSonta Rita and Richard Atkinson
Suzanne and Morvin Borden Craig l. Chose* Augustine De Malamud Bruno Augenstein
Peter A. Bordes* Ruth Cheney Paul Deniger* Paul and Susan Augereau*
Myrtl and Bruce Boswell D. Winston Cheshire* Margot DeRamirez Charles Austin Ill*
Allen C. Boucher Marion S. Chesler Joonne B. Derr Dorothy Austin*
Tami Bourassa* Joshua Chin Marne and James F. DeSilva Jock and Melinda Avakian*
Barbaro and Paul X. Bouzan Stanley and Peggy Chodorow* Kathleen and Anthony DeVico Philip Avalos
James lewis Bowers Steven l. Christie* Meredyth and Joseph B. Devin Hans Avemoria
Sonya I. Bowker* Stillman and Nancy Chubbuck Irving and Niki Devine Donald and Sherry Aviono*
Alice and Robert M. Boynton Donald R. Clark, Jr.* Richard and Barbaro DeWitt Robert and linda Axel
Christopher Bracher j. Dallas and Mary Hollis Clark Chris P. Dialynos Bradley T. Bogan
Gary and Hi Idee Brahm* James, Terri, and Shannon Clark* Melody Dios Judy R. Bailey janice Braly Jan and William Clayton C. M. Dibble William C. Bailey Beverly Breese* Joseph P. Cleary* Germano A. DiCarlo D. James Baker* Carol and Anthony Brood Shirley and James Clow Carol Bale Dick Jock Baker* Helen and Sheldon Brockett Florence Cohen Artelle E. Dilday jesse and Diane Baker
Arthur and Sophie Brody* Jennifer Cole Matthew Dillon lois and Daniel Baker
Sandra Brokaw Anne and George N . Coleman, Sr. William H. Disher* Robert K. Baker
David and Vivione Brooks George l. Collier* Betty R. Dobler 46 Christine and D. A. Baldwin
Irma j . Brooks Heather Kamps Collins Brion Wade Dodson
• Chorrie and Charles A. Baley Paul and Joyce Brooks Tom and Karen Collins* Virginia Doerr
j. B. Bolislrieri . Delores Brower* Gary A. Comerford* Joyce A. Dorland
Peter and J. Bolsells John Walter Brown John and Cindy Conner Robert and Marylou Downen Charles R. Bamford*
leland C. Brown* Alan j. Conrad Marilyn Dudley* Maury M . Bondurrogo*
Mike and Judy Brown Donald and lynette Cooper* Betty and Brock W . Duker Rochele l. Bondy Norton and llano Brown MichaelS. Cooper* Betty jo Dunlop Todd Barber*
Pamela and Joe Brown, Jr. Elizabeth and Michael C. Copley joseph C. Dunn
Carol Durst Janet Bell Garber john Harrison Wyndham and Tom jackson
Robert H. Dye Alfred Gardner John F. Harrold Joan and Irwin jacobs
Bill and Bonnie Eagleton* Anne C. Gardner Margaret Hawley julie Jacques
Jeff Eby Rose Gardner David Hays Jennifer Jaunsen
Ecosphere Associates Christen Garrett Frederick and Fredericka Hazard* Melissa Jenkins
Charles C. Edwards Chris and Siv Garrod* Mary Ann and Bruce R. Hazard Marjorie Jensen*
Carole Eichen Interiors* W. l. Garth, Jr.* Dylan Healy George and lucille jewett*
Joan and Myron S. Eichen Virginia R. Gascon Laurin H. Healy james Joecken
Jean and Carl Eichenlaub Olga H. Giannini Stephen and Sharlene Heard Craig A Johnson*
james H. Eisenberg Robin and Jane· B. Gibson* Henry M. Hearne* Duane Johnson Real Estate*
Donn and Mary Ellerbrock John T. Gill Gerald l. Hedlund j. Seward Johnson, Jr.*
Beverly and Richard C. Elliott julianne Kemper Gilliam Terry j . Hellenkamp John l. Johnson
Mary and Sayed A El Wardani Marilyn and Dennis Gilson Don Henderson Kathryn and Wallen Johnson
Helen and Richard Emmerson Tom Girvin Dave Henke Karin and Derek johnston
Energy and Vicki E. Glass* Florence and leaR. B. Henrikson Jerry F. Jones
Environmental Management Jeffrey Glazer and Thomas A and Sara R . .Henry* Scott jones
Elmer Engman lisa Braun Glazer* Charles E. Herdendorf* William W . Jones
Susan Eres Gerri Glotzbach* Wilhelmina and Clarke Herring Richard, Janice, and
janet Erickson jack Gluth Angela and Perry S. Herst, Jr. Christian Julian*
Sandra and Dave Erickson Mary F. Goen* Eleanor and Arthur Herzman Pamelajung
Mary E. Eriksson Howard and Helen Goldfeder* Rosalyn Ann Hewertson Stephen and lvey Kohl*
Christelle Estrada lean Goldman Jean C. Hewitt James A Kammer
Mrs. Cecil M. Evans Thomas and Don ria Galich * Edward Hickman and Claire latch Norval and Dorothy Kane*
Brad and Wendy Evarts* David Gong and Erika Delacorte* Peggy and Denny Hill Joel Katz
Ben A Faber Carl and Pamela Good james D. Hillhouse IV Edward H. Kauffman
Victoria Fagan* Nviry Forte Goodman Whitney and louise Hindes* Katherine Kaufman
Charlotte and William C. Fairbairn Gregory P. Goonan Enid F. Hinds Patricia and Edward Keating
Linda and H. Kent Folk Bill Gordon Brian Hinkley Gary Keehner
Carolyn Farris Velma Gott* Carol F. Hinrichs Beth Keeth
Anne M. Fearn Elinora Goudris Linda Hinz Anita H. Keith*
Ronald E. Feldman* George M. Gould Ed and Mildred Hobert Kay A Kendall
james P. Felt Pierre l. and Caroline Gaupillaud* Michael and Chris Hodge Barbara Kennedy
Dorothy Fen more* Glen A. Grady* David Hodgens and Linda Olson Kern and julie Kenyon
Mathilda M. Fenner Virginia l. Grady Steven Hoenig Dianne and john Kernan
Darice and Mike Fenton Edwin E. ·Grain IV Constance R. Hoepner Colleen and james R. Kerr
( l. Fernandez* Nora and Norin Grancell Alan Hofmann Peggy Kerr*
jane and Thompson Fetter Timothy and Ellen Gravitt* john l. Holderman, Sr. E. Gillet Ketchum
james M . Feuerstein Cory l. and Anne Gray* R. B.andj . E. Ho~man Kae and Brian Keves
D. W . Fields Renita and Herbert Greenberg* Jay and Cheryl Honig* Enid and Kent T. Keyser
Donna M . Fields Jimmie l. Greenslate * Donald Hood Dierdre Kieckhefer
Jeremy Fields Ruth and Russell Greer Deborah Hook Renee Kincaid
Mercedes Fitzgerald Cathy D. Griffin* Kenton and Margarita Horner* Dave King
George E. Flanigan Karen Mackay Griffiths R. W. and Dorothy Horstman* Susan Kingery
Joy Fleminger* Sarah and David Grimes Karen Whitney Hosang josephine l. Kirn
louise S. Flentye* Kathryn Guymon Dottie Howe P. S. Kistler
jane and Willis Fletcher Rae and Gail Guzzardo Steven J. Huarte Denison and Naomi Kitchel*
Diana Fligge * Mark Haas Clark and Cathy Hubbs Joanne C. Kitching
Jack and lynda Ford Mary Hadachek* Peggy and Douglas Hudson James S. Kittredge
Stephen Fordyce Michael Hakon B. Wayne Hughes, Jr. Steve Klein
Blanche Fronasero Bonnie and Hugh A Hall Sheila and Craig Hughes Mary K. Klepacki *
Killy Fornelli lucia and Norman F. Hall j. Dale and Kimberly R. Hull* David C. Klinger
Robert H. Forward Niko Hall Richard and Sheryl Hummel* john A Knauss
joan D. Francis TracyM. Hall Thomas Hunt Mary and Robert Knight
jack and Carol Frank Whitney and Melinda Hall Carrie Jane Hunter* Robert and Muffie Knox
lawrence R. Frank* Winn and Nancy Halverhout* Robert and Wilma Hunter Sheri A Knox*
Douglass H. Frapwelllll Shelley S. Hanan Ann Hurley* Ann l. Koby
Mrs. Jeff Frautschy Michael Haney Sterling Hutcheson Tom Koch
Faiya and Milton Fredman Kay Hanvey Robert and lois Huxtable Fred and Elizabeth Koehrn *
Donald A Fredricks* Dottie Harako Edward and Angela lgrisan * Shirley and Frank W . Koenen 47
Meredith and Roark French lsther S. Harang* june E. Ingalls* Unoyo Kojima* • leonard Friedman Christopher j. Harano Mrs. T. Bruce lredale Joe and Hilary Kooyers
Ed and Joy Frieman Betty and George Harbaugh Kenneth H. Z. Isaacs · Phyllis R. Kraus
George Froley Ill Richard and Patricia Harden* Masashi and Teruko llano* Alvin W. Krech
Mrs. John Fusco Margaret and A j. Hardy Anthony jackson Eric Kredel
Murray and Elaine Galinson Glenn Hare* Bill Jackson Nancy Krehbiel
Rita and Harry Go pies* Mercedes Haroldson james G. and Virginia Jackson* Benjamin A Kriegler*
S C R I p p s INSTITUTION 0 F OCEANOGRAP H y
Joan and John Kroener Joanne and Martin Marugg Lucio Nicolodi Allen E. Puckett
Norman and Sally Kroll* Edwin j. Marvin William and Irene Nies Mark Pulliam
Mary Ellen and Anthony Krut Marjorie and Philip Mathewson* Doris K. Niles* John F. H. Purcell*
Caroline Krutzsch • Aimee May Mrs. Maynard M. Nohrden Mary and Kedar Pyatt
lynda and lorenz Kull JoBette McCann* Harriet andJ. Philip Nordeck, Jr. Charlene and Paris Qualles
Edward Kurdziel* Betty McClellan* Barbara R. Norman* Margaret and Joseph Guellman
F. j. Kurilich Marsha and Robert R. McClendon R. Glenn and Mary Sue Northcutt* Debra Guick~ones
Harold and Rose lee Kvaas M. Z. Snihurowycz McCutchan Diane Nugent R. P. Foundation Inc.
Jack and Frances Kyte Ginger and Jeffrey McDonald* Georgia E. Nusbickel* Kathryn and Syd Radinovsky
Devendra lal* Marianne McDonald Mrs. Jack l. Oatman* George and Sheila Rathbone*
Tricia lamb* Pamela McDonald Ernest and Nancy Obregon Jeanne P. Rawlings*
Janet lamborghini * Sharon McGeeney Baron O'Brien Kenneth R. Rearwin *
Bui Thi lang* Stephanie A. McGraw Erma O'Brien* B. l. Recht
Ron and Rhonda langley* Susan McGreevy* Sheila and Frank O'Brien William D. Redfield
Teresa Lanier* Eleanor M. Mcguire Valerie and Jefferson Officer Marianne Reichert
Clifford lara* Elizabeth and Edward Mcintyre Ruth Dale Ogilby* Art and Sandi Reinke*
Karen and Walter P. laughlin Marilyn and William McKenzie Arlene and Charles Oliphant* Sylvia Reinsch
Michael C. Lauver Christine and John D. Mclean Marian Olson lee Reiter
Sharon and Jeffrey D. lawrence Andrew j. McNeil Carl Oppenheimer Ed and Cheri Rettberg*
John T. lee Marcia K. McNutt* Frank Orlando, Jr.* Mary B. Rheuben*
Ken and Dorothy lee Malcolm M. McQueen* JoAnne Overleese Edward Richard
Howard M. leff Gabrielle McVeigh* Georgina B. Paden Bonnie Sue Richardson
Dale F. leipper* Spencer Medof Jonathan and Nancy Padover Drew Richardson
Cynthia and Nathan Leising Scott and Janice Meeks* Ina and Charles G. Page, Jr. Matt and Tracy Richardson
Pearl and Robert leland Carol Meier Paulj. Paha Susan and John Richardson*
Bernadette lester Charles j. and Mary Merdinger* Peggy A. Paige Michele Richman
Bernard and Ann Poovey lewis* Ruth P. Merrill Terry Paik Terry Riggs
John E. lewis, Sr.* Mary E. Meyers* Nicholas E. Palmer Donald and Kristin Riles*
Raymond and Frances lewis Ted Meyers Tom Paluch Auparo and lewis Riley
Rosalie lewis Margery A. Mico Hope Pappas Vivian and Mayford l. Roark*
George and Celeste Liddle Marion and Bruce G. Miller Frances l. Parker* Norman C. and Angelina Roberts*
Marco and Claire liMandri Tyler Miller Marshall Parker Ralph and Juanita Robertson*
William and Patricia Lineberry Anya Milstein Susan E. Parker* James W. Robeson
Nancy B. Linsley* Mrs. Herbert Minshall Mark and Marilyn Parli Linda Robinson
Georgia and William lippincott Jean-Bernard and C. J. Minster* Darryl Parmenter* Nikki Robinson
Andrea K. Little Betsy and Greg Mitchell Dick Parrent Paul R. and Carrie Robinson
Alex and Evelyne Llorente* Merrill and Elizabeth Miller Dorothy l. Parsons* Ruth W. Robinson
Judy Lodgson * Henry and Jeanette Mok * Alan j. Partch Sandra j. Robinson
Jeffrey lohr leeS. Monroe F. Vince Pavlicek Robert and Lila Rockstein
Gary louis Maryann Moon Amy Katherine Pederson* Fernando j. Rodriguez, Jr.*
John R. lucas Mel Moon* Dianne Pehrsson Jeanine and Troy Roe
Edgar A. and Barbara luce* Barbara Coffin Moore John and Marcellite Penhune Milton and Dorothy Roll*
Michael S. lutkiewicz* Harry A. Moore Elizabeth Perna Paul Rosenzweig
Jeanie MacDonald John C. and Marcia Moore* Orinna Perrier Diane and David Rothi
Anne MacKenzie* Charles l. Morefield* H. N. and Cadette Sawyer Peterson Arthur and Sandra Rowsell
Norman l. Macleod, Jr. Ccindyce K. Moring* John Thorvald Peterson* Mark D. Rozeus
logan T. MacMillan Coleman Morton Sara Ann Peterson* Dorothy S. and Will Rudd
Judith and j. F. Mahoney Ill* Margot Wain Moss John and Suzanne Pew* Isadore Rudnick
Eugene I. Majerowicz* Robert E. Moss* Russell and Susan Pfaff* Beverly and Bill Rulon
lisa Malachowsky · lynn and Jonathan Molt Dianne Phersson John Rush
Kevin Mallen Michael Moye * William I. Phillips* Neil and Sanda Russell
Helen Mallet* Martha M. Mullin lawrence Pickard, Sr.* John A. and Rosemary Rutherford
Joseph J. Manno Nancy and Gerald Mulrooney Anne and I. Irving Pinkel Donald and Sonia Ryan
Danielle Manto* Walter and Judith Munk * John G. Pitcairn Pat Ryan*
Janice and Steve Manz Gerald W. Murrie and Marnie and Michael Piuze Corinne Sabatka*
luke Mardesich D' erdra A. Smothers Bonnie and Scotty Plumb, Jr. Paul and Barbara Sollman
Margaret and lloyd Marentette Joyce C. Mutz Barbara B. Porter* Philip and Julie Sanderson
Edward F. Marin lucille Myers Kathleen Porter Martin G. Sattler 48 Margot Marsh James T. Nakaoka Mary Porter Norman and Karleen Sattler*
• Frederick T. Marston Noriyuki Nasu Stephen C. Pottorff* John F. Savage*
Jane Bradford Marth Irvin S. Naylor Ellen Powell* Kathleen Arnold Scales*
Claudene and Harry R. Martin j. C. Nees Clementine A. Powers* lee Schamus
Joe and Linda Martin Robert lyn and Uilani Nelson* Nick and Carol Pratt larry Schantz
Michael T. and Jeon Martin* Vivian Nelson Angela and Russell Preisendorfer Bob Scharaga*
Rebecca Martin Craig Nepp Georgi Price* Carol and Edward l. Schechter
R. j. Martinez Michael and Marianne Newman Richard and Carolyn Prokop* Melvin Schiffman
William James Nicol Richard j. Prutow
Stephanie A. Schild* Charles Stewart
Wayne F. Schildhauer* Louise and Harris B. Stewart, Jr.*
Walter and Josephine Schirra Kathy and John N . Stinnett
Don T. Schloat Mrs. Richard J. Stoddard
Arlyn Schmad Ronald E. Stoner
Christine Schmid Amanda Stork
Vesta J. Schmidt Charles Stradella *
Kurt F. Schmitt Dale M. and Sara J. Strand*
Roger Schock* Susan Strig liabotti
Marilyn B. Shreiber Joe and Jan Strucki*
Raymond and Bonnie Schwartz Berry M. Stuart
William and Sue Scott Peicha Stubbs*
David L. Scripps Sandra and Stephen Stull
Edythe Henderson Scripps* Marvin B. Sullivan*
Robert and Carina Scripps Susan Summers
Samuel and Luise Scripps Betty J. and Frank S. Sunofsky
Connie and Robert Scudder Maurice Sutalo *
Sea World of San Diego* Cheryl and James Sutton
Paige Serden C. and Lucy Svimonoff
Richard and Barbara Seymour* Tanya Swade
William Shannahan* David and Angela Swafford*
Mattiegrace Sharpe Bruce Swedien *
Evangeline L. Shears Cheryl Sweig *
Mary Ann and John S. Shelton Cheri Tabb
Denise F. Shields Marjorie Clair Tavares
Wilbur and Janice Shigehara* Leighton R. Taylor
Jean Shimp Mitsue Taylor
Donald R. Short* Mia Tegner*
Philip and Gen.Chu Shou* Terramagr~ Family*
Eric Shulenberger* Betty and James Thayer*
Janet Siegel Therese and Jerry Thomas
Manuel A. Silva William R. and Jane L. Thomas
Abby and Daniel Silverman Kathleen and Jeffrey Thuner*
Cynthia and W . M. Simmons Eugene and Gwen T~ghe
C. W . and J. A. Simmons Karen and William M . lineup
Mary P. Simmons* T. Toennies
Barbara A. Simon Geoffry and Carolyn Toll in*
Patricia Sims Dorothy and Robert R. Tolstad
Donald M. Sinclair* Margie Torres
June A. Skalecky Peter Townend
Don J. and Ann Slavik Dennis T. Toyomura
Michael L. Slaysman Mildred Lyman Tracy
Shelly A. Slingsby Marilyn Treanor
Deborah and Michael Sloan* Ray and Shirley Tritten
Norma and Frank Slovak Doris B. and H. Leland Troutman
Eleanor and Milton Small Tristan and Diane Tucker
Robert Small* Rich~rd and Marie Tuthill
Ballard and Charlie Smith Robert and Phyllis Tyson*
Christina Smith Susan E. Uhrich
Leonard C. Smith* Jan and Jacob Umlauf
Rosemarie Smith Elizabeth Van Den burgh*
Susan and Alfred Toulon Smith Patricia Van der Veen *
Conway Snyder Patricia Van Note
Deborah Snyder Eileen Vanderlaan
Robert M. Snyder Betty Vaughn
Damien Sonnier* Cecelia and Jake Venable*
Steve Sosnowski and Carol Suleski* Joseph and Kim Veneziano
Richard S. Spence Louise M. Venrick *
Mary Spiegel Beth Vermont*
Terry Stafford Maxine H. Verne*
Trudy Stambook Jeffrey S. Verryp and Elissa Merk *
Dorothy Steele Gustavo A. Vildosola
Patricia Steele Regitze Void
John and Carol Steinitz* Aimee Von Watts
Scott Steptoe* Victor and Norma Waithman *
John A. Stevens and Family Barbara Walbridge*
Edith S. Stevens-Bradley
SCRIPPS
Laird Walker*
Michael Walker
Robert L. and Jane S. Walker*
Mary L. Walshok
Stephanie K. Walters
Christy R. Walton*
Helga M . and John H. Warner, Jr.
lise Warschawski
Kenneth and Elaine Watson*
Steven Watt
Lorie 0 . Watts
Mrs. Del Webb*
Allen and Pat Weckerly
H. W . and K. K. Wehe*
Josh Weinstein
Beverly J. Weiss
Ellen and Frederick Wells
James Wertheimer
Madelin Martin Wexler*
Ona and Philip M. Wexler
William K. Whaling*
Jan H. Wheeler
Fred N. White*
Harry E. White*
Jack L. White
Reggie White*
Mrs. Trilby Whitmore
W. C. Wiederholt
Betty Jean Wightman
Victor and Andrea Wild
Lawrence S. Wilkinson
Robert Wilkinson*
Daphne Williams
Gregory and Bonnie Williams
James Ronnie Williams
M . Woodbridge Williams
Robert L. and Lorraine Williams*
Tracy T. Williams
LeRoy C. Willoughby*
John and Diane Wilson*
William and Anne Wilson
Mark and Reiko Wimbush*
Robert A. Winchell
Mrs. J. Price Winn
William Winn
Joy L. Wolf*
Priscilla and Duane Wolfe ·
Nathan and Ralyn Wolfstein *
Lawrence E. Wolinshky
Don andJodine Wood*
Bennett W . Wright
Leilani Wright*
Doc Wussler
Brian Yablon
Charles Yanke*
Sonia and Mark Yanta
Kelvin Yasuda
Mike and Gayle Yeakle*
Sandra Ann York*
Robert S. Young
Cassie and Paul A Youngberg
James Zaharako *
Carole L. Ziegler
Gordie and Louis Zimm *
Joseph Zimmer
Sheila M . Zitco
INSTITUTION 0
STEPHEN BIRCH AQUARIUM-MUSEUM CORPORATE SPONSORS
Andataco
Bumble Bee Seafoods Inc.
Cafe Design Center
Chapman Warwick, Inc.
Crown Point Catering, Inc.
Culinary Concepts
The Daily Californian
Festivities Catering and
Special Events
The French Gourmet
Gillette Marketing
Hyatt Regency La Jolla
Inn Room Magazine
Jack in the Box Restaurants
KNSD TV
Music As You Like It Productions
Peartrees Catering & Event Planning
Powerhouse Exhibits & Technical Models
Premier Food Services
(UCSD Faculty Club)
Ralphs Grocery
Rancho Santa Fe Pharmacy
& Spirit Shop
San Diegan
San Diego Community
Newspaper Group
San Diego Family Press
San Diego Marriott - La Jolla
San Diego This Week, Inc.
Sea Space
Sheraton Grande Torrey Pines
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Televideo
Tony Kopas & Associates
UCSD Catering
Video Passport
Welcome Wagon International, Inc.
Wells Fargo Bonk
* members for more than one year
EVERY EFFORT HAS
BEEN MADE TO LIST ALL
DONORS WHO SUPPORTED
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF
OCEANOGRAPHY DURING
THE 1992-1993 FISCAL
YEAR. IF YOUR NAME IS
LISTED INCORRECTLY OR
OMITTED, PLEASE CONTACT
THE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
AT 619/ 53.4-69.45 .
OCEANOGRAPHY
49
•
50
•
Chancellor Richard C. Atkinson
Director, Va Chancellor Marine Sciences & Dean of Morine Sciences
Edward A. Frieman
Deputy Director, Administrative Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor Marine Sciences
Tom Collins
Deputy Director, Academic Affairs & Associate Dean Michael M. Mullin
Deputy Director, Scientific Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor Marine Sciences
Mary G. Altalo
Associate Director, Ship Operations & Morine Technical Support
Robert A. Knox
DIRECTORATE
POLICY COUNCIL
13 MEMBERS
AT·LARGE MEMBERS
(Faculty and Principal Investigators)
CHAIR OF THE FACULTY
Lynne D. 'folley
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
UNIT HEADS
UNIT HEADS REPRESENTATIVE
John A. Orcutt
~-------------------r--------------------~----------~ ···········: . INSTRUCTION
510 Graduate Dept. R. H. Rosenblatt
RESEARCH UNITS
Center for Coastal Studies C. D. Winont
Center for Marine Biotechnology
and Biomedicine J. B. Graham (Acting}
Morine Life Research Group M.M.Mullin
Marine Physical Laboratory W. A. Kuperman
RESEARCH DIVISIONS
Climate Research Division R. C. J Somerville
Geological Research Division M. Kastner
Marine Biology Research Division
j. B. Graham
Marine Research Division W . H. Fenical
Physical Oceanography Research Division
N. A. Bray
UC INSTITUTES
California Space Institute §
S. K. Ride
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics §
j. A. Orcutt
§ Reports to Vice Choncellor M:Jrine Sciences
GRADUATE DEPARTMENT
Chairman Rlchard H. Rosenblatt
CURRICULAR GROUP COORDINATORS
Applied Ocean Sciences W illiam S. Hodgkiss
Biologicol Oceanography Robert R. Hessler
Geochemistry and Marine Chemistry
Roy f. Weiss
Geological Sciences james W . Hawkins
Geophysia Duncan C. Agnew
Marine Biology Nicholas D. HoUond
Phy$icol Oceanography Myrl C. Hendershott
UNDERGRADUATE COORDINATOR
Ear1h Sciences jeon-Bemord H. Minster
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Ship Operationa and Marine Technical Support
Robert A. Knox
Nimitz: Marine Facility Thomas S. Althouse
Shipboard Technicol Support Services
David Wirth
Resident Technicians Rqbett C. Wtbon
Shipboard Computer Group Ronald L /11\oe
Geophysical Technicians Perry j. S. Cromplon
Oceanographic Data Facility james H. Swift
Geological Data Center Stuart M. Smith
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS
Benthic Invertebrates William A. Newman
Geological William R. Riedel
Marine Vertebrates Richard H. Rosenblatt
Planktonic Invertebrates M.ork D. Ohman
Director 1
Edward A. Frieman
Deputy Director, ScientiAc Affairs Mary G. Altolo
Deputy Director, Academic Affairs Associate Dean
Michael M. Mullin
Associate Dintelor SOMTS Robert A. Knox
ADMINISTRATION
Academic Personnel Gail C. Andres
Contracts/Grants Norman J Sattler
Financial Administration and Staff
Nona B. Crompton
Technical Publications Kiitie K. Kuhns
PUBLIC SERVICE UNIT
Aquarium-Museum Donald W. Wilkie
SUPPORT UNITS
Diving Officer Wayne D, P.awelek
Marine Science Development and Outfitting Shop Matthew C. Unwin
Photography Unit Susan R. Green
Scripps Satellite Oceanography Center
james J Simpson
Video Unit Chuck Colgan
UC SAN DIEGO BRANCH UNITS AT SCRIPPS
Archives Deborah C. Doy
Communications Cindy l Clark
Development john W Steinilz
Ubrary William}. Goff
Purchasing Robert M. lum
UC INSTITUTES
CoiSpoce Institute Solly K. Ride
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
John A OrcuH, Assoc. Oir.
Cecil and Ida Green Pinon Flat Observatory
frank K. Wyatt
SC R I PPS IN STIT U TIO N
RESEARCH DIVISIONS
Climole Research Division Richard C. j. Some/Ville
Geological Research Division Miriam Kastner
Marine Biology Research Divi1ion Jeffrey B. Graham
Morine Research Division William H. Fenicol
Physical Oceanography Research Division
Non A. Bray
RESEARCH UNITS
Center for Coastal Studies Clinton D. Winant
Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine
Jeffrey B. Gfohom (Acting)
Marine life Research Group Michael M. Mullin
Marine Physicall.aborotory William A. Kupem10n
SPECIAL PROGRAMS
Center for Oouds, Chemistry ond Oimate
Veerabhodran Ramanathan
Joint Institute for Morine Observations
Warren White
Sea Grant College Program james j. Sullivan
AFFINITY GROUP
Neurobiology Unit Theodore H. Bullock
*Current june 30, 1993
tAiso Vice Chancellor of Morine Sciences and Dean of Morine Science
0 F O C EANOGRAPH Y
51
•
52 •
TIM BARNETT
Received the Sverdrup Gold Medal
from the American Meteorological
Society.
WillARD N. BASCOM
Received an honorary doctoral degree
in natural sciences from the University
of Genoa, Italy.
WALTER F. HEIUGENBERG
Elected to the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences.
UTE c. HERZFELD
Awarded President's Prize for 1992
by the International Association for
Mathematical Geology.
MIRIAM KASTNER
Elected to the American Association
for the Advancement of Science.
DR. WALTER MUNK
GERALD KooYMAN
Received the Special Creativity Award
from the National Science Foundation .
lucv-ANN McFADDEN
Selected for the National Science
Foundation 's program-Visiting
Professorships for Women .
WALTER MuNK
Received the Vetlesen Prize from
Columbia University.
Awarded the 1993 ARCS
(Achievement Rewards for College
Scientists) Scientist of the Year Award .
JIM STEWART
Received the Pioneer Award of the
American Academy of Underwater
Sciences.
JULY 1, 1992-JUNE 30, 1993
ALL SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS ARE LISTED
AT THE END OF THE SECTION.
Henry D. I. Abarbanel, Physics/MPL, Physics
* Duncan C. Agnew, IGPP, Geophysics
t Mark E. Ander, IGPP, Geophysics
+ Victor C. Anderson, ECE/MPL, Marine Physics
Daniel E. Andrews, Jr., MPL, Acoustical Engineering
* Laurence Armi, PORD, Physical Oceanography
~ James R. Arnold, Chemistry/CSI, Space Research
* Gustaf 0. S. Arrhenius, MRD, Oceanography
+ RobertS. Arthur, D-SIO, Physical Oceanography
Roswell W. Austin, MRD, Optical Physics
* Forooq Azam, MBRD, Microbiology
• Momoudou B. Ba, CSI, Remote Sensing
* George E. Backus, IGPP, Geophysics
* Jeffrey L. Bodo, MRD, Morine Chemistry
• Valerie Ballu, MPL, Marine Geophysics
Tim P. Barnett, CRD, Physical Oceanography
lzadore Barrett, MLRG, Fisheries
* Douglas H. Bartlett, MBRD,
Morine Bacterial Molecular Genetics
Willard N. Bascom, MRD, Applied Ocean Sciences
• Timothy R. Baumgartner, MLRG, Geological Oceanography and Paleoceanography
+ Andrew A Benson, MBRD, Marine Biology
Yaacov K. Bentor, GRD, Petrology
Jonathan Berger, IGPP, Geophysics
* Wolfgang H. Berger, GRD, Oceanography
• Donna K. Blackman, IGPP, Marine Geophysics
• Erwin Blezer, PORD, Oceanography
e Yehuda Bock, IGPP, Geodesy
• Kenneth Boyd, MRD, Organic Chemistry
+ Hugh Bradner, AMES/IGPP, Physics
• Bianca M. Brahamsha, MBRD, Microbiology
Nancy A Bray, PORD/CCS, Physical Oceanography
Edward Brinton, MLRG, Marine Biology
* Kevin M. Brown, GRD, Geological Sciences
+ James N . Brune, GRD/IGPP, Geophysics
t Richard C. Brusca, MBRD, Marine Biology and Systematics
* Michael J. Buckingham, MPL, Ocean Acoustics ·
John D. Bukry, GRD, Micropaleontology
+ Theodore H. Bllllock, Neuroscience/NU, Neurobiology
• Lawrence J. Burdick, IGPP, Geophysics
* Ronald S. Burton, MBRD, Biological Sciences
John L. Butler, MBRD, Morine Biology
Eric Calais, IGPP, Marine Tectonics
* Steven C. Conde, GRD, Morine Geophysics
Angelo F. Carlucci, MLRG, Microbiology
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION
George F. Carnevale, PORD, Oceanography
* Paterno R. Castillo, GRD, Petrology
Daniel R. Cayan, CRD, Meteorology
* Paola Cessi, PORD, Physical Oceanography
* Christopher D. Charles, GRD, Paleoclimatology
* David M. Checkley, MLRG, Morine Ecology
• Jen-Ping Chen, CSI, Meteorology
Shyh<:hin Chen, CRD, Meteorology
Lanna Cheng, MBRD, Morine Entomology
Teresa Chereskin, PORD/MLRG, Physical Oceanography
+ Tsaihwaj. Chow, PORD, Chemistry
William D. Collins, CSI, Atmospherics
* Catherine G. Constable, IGPP, Geophysics
Steven C. Constable, IGPP, Oceanography
Bruce D. Cornuelle, PORD, Oceanography
+ Charles S. Cox, PORD, Physical Oceanography
* Harmon Craig, GRD, Geochemistry/ Oceanography
e Paul Crutzen, D-SIO, Stratospheric Chemistry
+ Joseph R. Curray, GRD, Marine Geology
David L. Cutchin, PORD, Physical Oceanography and Climatology
• Frankj. Cynar, Jr., CMBB, Marine Biology
* Russ E. Davis, PORD, Physical Oceanography
* Paul K. Dayton, MLRG, Biological Oceanography
Grant B. Deane, MPL, Mathematics
Bruce L. Deck, GRD, Geochemistry
e Douglas P. DeMoster, D-SIO, Population Dynamics
Christian P. de Moustier, MPL/SOMTS, Oceanography
e Richard B. Deriso, D-SIO, Fisheries Population Dynamics
Andrew G. Dickson, MPL, Chemistry
Clive E. Dorman, CCS, Physical Oceanography
* LeRoy M. Dorman, GRD/MPL, Geophysics
• Thomas G. Droke, CCS, Geology
Gerald D'Spain, MPL, Oceanography
+ Seibert Q. Duntley, D-SIO, Physics
• Stephen Elgar, CCS, Nearshore Processes
• Donald E. Eliason, CRD, Ocean Circulation Modeling
+ Albert E. J. Engel, D-SIO, Geology
* James T. Enright, MRD/NU, Biological Oceanography
• Mark Everett, IGPP, Geomagnetism
• Roy Fall, MBRD, Biochemistry
Peng Fang, IGPP, Geodesy
* D. John Faulkner, MRD, Morine Natural Products Chemistry
* Horst Felbeck, MBRD, Morine Biochemistry
Jean-Francais Fels, IGPP, Seismology
* William H. Fenical, MRD, Chemistry
Jean H. Filloux, PORD, Physical Oceanography
Frederick H. Fisher, MPL, Morine Physics
• Harvey Fishman, PORD, Oceanography
• Maria Flatau, CSI, Atmospheric Science
Piotr Flatau, CSI, Atmospheric Science
0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
53 •
Reinhard E. Flick, CCS, Coastal Processes • Marcus Horning, CMBB, Biology Michael C. Malin, IGPP, Planetary Physics
• Agusta H. Flosad6ttir, PORD, RobertS. Howard, CMBB, Jacqueline Mammerickx, GRD, Geology Ocean Circulation Blood Oxygen Studies
Arnold W. Mantyla, MLRG, Oceanography • Marina N. Fomenkova, CSI, • John R. Hunter, D-SIO, Ichthyology • Josefina Martinez, MBRD, Microbial Ecology Space Physics and Chemistry Mark E. Huntley, MBRD, Marine Biology
• Walter P. Frankmoelle, MRD, • Akihiko Maruyama, MBRD, Microbiology Marine Natural Products • David W. Hyde, IGPP, Electrical Engineering
* T. Guy Masters, IGPP, Geophysics
* Peter J. Franks, MLRG, Sam F. lacobellis, CRD/CSI, Lucy-Ann McFadden, CSI, Space Physics Biological Oceanography Physical Oceanography
Glenn R. lerley, IGPP, Physical Oceanography * John A. McGowan, MLRG,
* Edward A. Frieman, Director, Oceanography * Biological Oceanography Robert J. Frouin, CSI, Meteorology
.. Anand K. lnamdar, CSI,
* W. Kendall Melville, MPL, Fluid Mechanics Radiative Traosfer/Numerical Computation Gerald L. Geernaert, CCS/PORD/CSI, Shane F. lngate, IGPP, Seismology Mark A. Merrifield, MPL, Atmospheric Sciences Physical Oceanography
• Joachim F. Genrich, IGPP, Geophysics * Douglas L. Inman, CCS, • Audrey W. Meyer, GRD, Geology Physical Oceanography
• Ronald A. George, CCS, • Satoshi Inouye, MBRD, Molecular Biology John W. Miles, AMES/IGPP, Physical Oceanography Geophysics/Fluid Dynamics
• Konstantine Geargakakos, CRD, JamesJ. Irwin, GRD, Geochemistry Arthur J. Miller, CRD/CSI, Hydrology and Water Resources David Jacobs, PORD, Physical Oceanography Physical Oceanography
* Carl H. Gibson, AMES/D-SIO, Fluid Dynamics Jules S. Jaffe, MPL, Biophysics * Jean-Bernard H. Minster, IGPP, Geophysics
* Joris M. T. M. Gieskes, MRD, Bernd Johne, PORD, Atmospheric Chemistry B. Grefcory Mitchell, MRD, Marine Chemistry • Paul Jastien, MPL, Chemistry Phytop ank:ton Biology
* J. Freeman Gilbert, IGPP, Geophysics Scott A Jenkins, CCS, Physical Oceanography • Ralph Mitchell, MBRD,
Holly K. Given, IGPP, Seismology Environmental Microbiology
• Zhi Jiang, MRD, Pharmacology H. Geoffrey Moser, MBRD, Fisheries Biology
* Edward D. Goldberg, MRD, Chemistry JamesJoseph, MRD, Marine Biology Edward M. Goolish, CMBB/MBRD, Fisheries * Michael M. Mullin, MLRG,
Adrianusj. Kalmijn, PORD, Biology/Physics Biological Oceanography Jeffrey B. Graham, CMBB/MBRD,
* Miriam Kastner, GRD, Geology • Tissa Munashinghe, GRD, Marine Geology Marine Biology/Physiology
Nicholas E. Graham, CRD, Meteorology • Stephen L. Katz, MBRD, Biomechanics • Andreas Munchow, CCS,
Peter R. Guenther, GRD, Marine Chemistry • Ronald S. Kaufmann, MBRD, Marine Biology Physical Oceanography
Isabelle S. Kay, D-SIO, Ecology * Walter H. Munk, IGPP, Geophysics
* Robert T. Guza, PORD/CCS, • Seiichi Nagihara, GRD/MPL, Geophysics Physical Oceanography * Charles D. Keeling, GRD, Marine Chemistry
• John Hakansen, MBRD, Zoology * Ralph F. Keeling, MRD, Atmospheric Chemistry James H. Natland, GRD, Geology
• Harold T. Hammel, CMBB, Physiology • J. Michael Kendall, IGPP, Tectonics • Thomas Neumann, GRD; Geology
Alistair J. Harding, IGPP, Seismology • Michael P. Kennedy, GRD, Geology * William A. Newman, STS, Biological Oceanography
• James L. Harris, Sr., DO, Optical Physics • Young-Kyoon Kim, MRD, Natural Products • William A. Nierenberg,
• Richard A. Haubrich, IGPP, Geophysics Ro~rt A. Knox, PORD/SOMTS, Director Emeritus/CSI, Oceanography
Loren R. Haury, MLRG, . Oceanography • Catherine Nigrini, GRD, Paleontology Biological Oceanography * Gerald L. Kooyman, CMBB, Physiology
* P. Peter Niiler, MLRG/PORD,
• Susan L. Hautala, PORD, Jeffrey L. Kralik, MPL, Electrical Engineering Applied Mechanics Physical Oceanography
* William A. Kuperman, MPL, Marine Acoustics Toyoaki Nogami, MRD,
* James W. Hawkins, GRD, Geology • Stephana C. La Barre, MRD, Geotechnical Engineering
• Francis T. Haxo, MBRD, Marine Botany Chemical Ecology • Charles L. Norris, CRD, Remote Sensing
* Margo G. Haygood, MBRD, Marine Biology Ngai C. Lai, CMBB, -Co R. Glenn Northcutt, Neurosciences, Zoology
Thomas L. Hayward, MLRG, Elasmobranch Cardiology • William O'Reilly, CCS, Numerical Modeling Biological Oceanography * Devendra Lal, GRD, Nuclear Geophysics of Nearshore Waves
* Walter F. Heiligenberg, MBRD/NU, Carina B. Lange, GRD, Marine Diatoms Jose L. Ochoa de Ia Torre, CCS, Behavioral Physiology John L. Largier, CCS, Physical Oceanography
Edvard A. Hemmingsen, CMBB, Physiology Coastal and Estuarine Hydrodynamics * Mark D. Ohman, MLRG/STS,
* Myrl C. Hendershott, CCS/PORD, Michael I. Latz, MBRD, Bioluminescence Biological Oceanography
Physical Oceanography of Marine Organisms Nojan Omidi, CSI, Space Plasma Physics
Tareah J. Hendricks, MRD, • Nom K. Lee, MRD, Marine Natural Products * John A. Orcutt, IGPP, Geophysics Physical Oceanography
* Lisa A. Levin, MLRG, Marine Population and • Mirko Orlic, CCS, Physical Oceanography
• Thomas H. Herbers, CCS/GRD, Community Ecology * Brian Palenik, MBRD, Oceanography Radiation Stress • Ralph A. Lewin, MBRD, Marine Biology
Timothy D. Herbert, GRD, Paleoceanography • Dmitris Pantzartis, MPL, Electrical Engineering
* • Leonard N. Liebermann, Physics/MPL, Physics and Paleoclimatology Alejandro Pares-Sierra, CRD,
• Juan Carlos Her~uera, GRD, • MichaelS. Longuet-Higgins, D-SIO, Ocean Modeling and Remote Sensing
Paleoceanograp y Applied Mathematics Edward T. Park, MLRG,
Ute C. Herzfeld, MPL, Mathematical Geology * Peter F. Lonsdale, MPL/GRD, Geology Systematics and Biogeography 54 • Ralph Lovberg, IGPP, Physics * Robert L. Parker, IGPP /PORD, Geophysics • * Robert R. Hessler, MBRD,
Biological Oceanography Carl D. Lowenstein, MPL, Marine Physics • William F. Perrin, D-SIO, Zoology
* John A. Hildebrand, MPL/GRD, Dan Lubin, CSI, Atmospheric Physics • Melvin N. A. Peterson, GRD, Marine Geology Applied Physics Gunter W. Lugmair, GRD, Geochemistry Ray G. Peterson, PORD, Oceanography
* WilliamS. Hodgkiss, Jr., MPL, Douglas· S. Luther, PORD, Oceanography •* W. Jason Phipps-M~an, IGPP, Signal Processing
* J. Douglas Macdougall, GRD, Marine Geology Marine Geophysics ectonophysics
* Nicholas D. Holland, MBRD, Marine Biology • Fred B Phleger, GRD, Oceanography • Sophie-Adelaide Magnier, IGPP, Geophysics Osmund Holm-Hansen, MRD, Marine Biology
* Robert Pinkel, PORD/MPL, Internal Waves
Paul J. Ponganis, PRL, Anesthesiology/Biology • Paul E. Smith, [}SIO, Pelagic Ecology • Arthur Weber, MRD, Chemistry
John R. Potter, MPL, Acoustical Oceanography Raym.ond C. Smith, MRD, Physics * Ray F. Weiss, GRD, Geochemistry
• Eric Pouliquen, CSI, Remote Sensing Stuart M. Smith, SOMTS, Submarine Geology * Bradley T. Werner, CCS, Geomorphology
• Russell W. Raitt, MPL, Marine Geophysics Walter H. F. Smith, IGPP, Marine Geophysics • Fred N. White, Medicine/CMBB,
A* Veerabhadran Ramanathan, CSI/CRD, • George N. Somera, [}SIO, Marine Biology Comparative Physiology
Planetary Atmospheres
* Richard C. j. Somerville, CRD, Meteorology Warren B. White, PORD/CRD,
• Barbara l. Ransom, GRD, Geology Andrew Soutar, MLRG, Paleontology Oceanography
• Herisoa Razafimpanilo, CSI, Fred N . Spiess, MPL, Marine Physics Robert H. Whritner, PORD, Meteorology
Physical Chemistry of Atmosphere • • William S. Wilcock, IGPP, Oceanography
Philip F. Rehbock, MBRD, History of Science * Arthur J. Spivack, GRD, GeOchemistry • David Williams, MRD, BiCX>rganic Chemistry
Freda M. Reid, MLRG, Taxonomy Hubert H. Staudigel, IGPP, Geology Peter M . Williams, MRD,
• Joseph l. Reid, MLRG, Physical Oceanography Robert E. Stevenson, PORD, Chemical Oceanography
Genelle W. Renz, GRD, Paleontology Geological Oceanography
* Clinton D. Winant, CCS/PORD, • • Bedrettin Subasilar, CSI, Atmospheric Oceanography
• Anthony M. Richardson, MPL, Science/Mechanical Engineering * Edward l. Winterer, GRD, Geology Electrical Engineering
~ Hans E. Suess, Chemistry/PORD, Chemistry Michael j. Wiskerchen, CSI, Physics ~ Sally K. Ride, Physics/CSI, • Toshio Suga, PORD, Physical Oceanography Space Physics and Free-Electron Lasers Peter F. Worcester, IGPP/MPL/PORD,
William R. Riedel, STS, Marine Geology •* George Sugihara, PORD, Oceanography
John 0. Roads, CRD/CSI, Meteorology Mathematical Biology • Xiaohua Yang, PORD, Meteorology James j. Sullivan, SGP, Economics A. Aristides Yayanos, CMBB, Physiology • Odele Rocha, MLRG, Zoology James H. Swift, PORD/MLRG,
* Dean H. Roemmich, PORD/MLRG, Physical Oceanography • Stephan Yhann, MlRG, Electrical Engineering
Oceanography * lynne D. Talley, PORD, Oceanography * William R. Young, PORD/IGPP,
David P. Rogers, CSI/PORD/CCS/MPL, John A. Tarduno, GRD, Geophysics Physical Oceanography
Meteorology Guang j. Zhang, CSI, Atmospheric Physics
* Richard H. Rosenblatt, STS, Marine Zoology t Mahmoud Tarokh, CSI, • Meixun Zhao, MRD, Geochemistry Robotics and Space Engineering
• Anatol Rozenberg, MPL, Oceanology
* Lisa Tauxe, GRD, Geophysics • Meng Zhou, MBRD, Coastal Oceanography
* Richard l. Salmon, PORD, Oceanography Bradley M. Tebo, MBRD, Marine Biology • Jian·Xiong Zhu, MRD, Seafloor Mechanics
* David.T. Sandwell, GRD, Marine Geophysics Mia J. Tegner, MLRG, Marine Biology Mark A. Zumberge, IGPP, Physics
Annika B. Sanfilippo, GRD/STS, Paleontology . Alakh N . Thakur, CSI, Cosmochemistry Allan W. Sauter, MPL/GRD, William H. Thomas, MRD, Microbiology • Adjunct Professor Series Ocean Bottom Seismology
Arndt Schimmelmann, GRD, Geochemistry • David j. Thomson, [}SIO, Spectral Analysis • Cecil H. & Ida Green Scholar
• Niklas Schneider, CRD, Oceanography Robert D. Tschirgi, CSI, Physiology/Medicine A Alderson Chair
t Frederick R. Schram, MBRD, Mizuki Tsuchiya, MRD, + .Emeritus
Invertebrate Paleontology Physical Oceanography * Faculty, Department of SIO
• Jeffrey D. Schuffert, GRD, Geology Frederick I. Tsuji , MBRD, Biochemistry • john D. Isaacs Chair t Richard A. Schwartzlose, MLRG, • Linda E. Tway, GRD, Geology
Physical Oceanography Kyozo Ueyoshi, CRD, Meteorology • Visiting/Postdoctoral Scholar
* John G. Sclater, GRD, Geophysics • Victor Vacquier, MPL, Geophysics Non-Salaried, Affiliated Elsewhere
t Paul D. Scuii~Power, PORD, *' Victor D. Vacquier, MBRD, oOo Member of SIO Faculty"
Applied Mat emetics Developmental Biology
Richard J. Seymour, MRD, Oceanography • Joseph J. Vellino, MBRD, Microbial Ecology AMES Applied Mechanics and Engineering
* Robert E. Shadwick, MBRD, * Charles W . Van Aita, AMES/D-SIO, Sciences Department Connective Tissue Biophysics Geophysical Fluid Dynamics CMBB Center for Marine
Vitali D. Shapiro, CSI, Space Plasma Physics • William G. Van Darn, PORD, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Physical Oceanography CRD Climate Research Division
* Peter M. Shearer, IGPP, Seismology CSI California Space Institute
• Meri K. Sheremet, PORD, Oceanography Elizabeth l. Venrick, MLRG, Oceanography ccs Center for Coastal Studies
Jeffrey T. Sherman, PORD, Maria Verne!, MRD, Oceanography DO Director's Office
Applied Ocean Sciences Frank l. Vernon, IGPP, Seismology ECE Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Valentin Shevchenko, CSI, • Russell Vernonclark, MRD, Organic Chemistry GRD Geological Research Division Space Plasma Physics • Helene Vervoort, MRD, Natural Products IGPP Institute of Geophysics
• lei Shi, CSI, Physical Meteorology • Benjamin E. Volcani , MBRD, and Planetary Physics
MBRD Marine Biology Research Division • George G. Shor, Jr. , SOMTS/MPL, Marine M icrobiology MLRG Marine life Research Group Marine Geophysics • Stefan Wacs, PORD, Physics MPL Marine Physical Laboratory
• Alexander Shukolyukov, GRD, Radiochemistry * Martin Wahlen, GRD, Physics MRD Marine Research Division
t Michael R. Silverman, MBRD, Chien Wang, CSI, Atmospheric Science NU Neurobiology Unit
Microbial/Molecular Genetics • PORD Physical Oceanography
James j. Simpson, MLRG, * Kenneth M. Watson, MPL, Research Division Physical Oceanography SGP Sea Grant. Program 55
Physical Oceanography Shimon Wdowinski, IGPP, Geophysics SOMTS Ship Operations and •
Jerome A. Smith, PORD/MPL, • Marine Technical Support Physical Oceanography Spahr C. Webb, MPL/PORD, Oceanography STS Shipboard Technical Support Kenneth l. Smith, Jr. , MBRD, * Wuchang Wei, GRD, Micropaleontology/ Ecological Energetics Paleoceanography
• Kevin B. Smith, MPL, Applied Marine Physics
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION 0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
56
•
THE RESULTS OF SCRIPPS RESEARCH ARE PUBLISHED IN MANY
DIFFERENT FORMS. THESE PUBLICATIONS RANGE FROM SHORT CONTRACTUAL
REPORTS TO LONG TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTIONS. SCRIPPS PUBLICATIONS ARE
DISTRIBUTED BY SUBSCRIPTION, EXCHANGE, OR GOVERNMENT CONTRACT.
A LISTING OF RECENT SCRIPPS PUBLICATIONS FOLLOWS. DETAILED
INFORMATION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF EACH SERIES IS INCLUDED.
BULLETIN
The Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography is an irregularly
published series for lengthy, in-depth
scientific papers written by Scripps scientists. For information about
subscriptions and a list of volumes available please write to: ·
University of California Press
21 20 Berkeley Way
Berkeley, California 94720.
The most recent volumes are listed
below.
v.28 Castellini, Michael A., Randall W. Davis and Gerold l. Kooyman. Annual Cycles of Diving Behavior and Ecology of the Weddell Seal. 1992. 54p.
v.29 Park, Toisoo. Taxonomy and Distribution of the Mo· rine Colonoid Copepod Family Euchoetidoe. In Press.
CALCOFI PUBLICATIONS
The work of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations
(CaiCOFI), in which th~ Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the
California Department of Fish and
Game, and the National Marine
Fisheries Service cooperate, is published in a variety of formats. Peer
reviewed scientific articles are published annually in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports. Maps of
physical, chemical, climatological, and biological factors measured by
CaiCOFI researchers during the
program's 44-year history are published irregularly in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas series. Data
reports, containing the processed data from specific cruises carried out under CaiCOFI sponsorship, are published irregularly in the SIO reference series
and in the CaiCOFI data report series. To obtain copies of any of these CaiCOFI publications, write to:
University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography CaiCOFI Coordinator 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0227 La Jolla, California 92093-0227.
CONTRIBUTIONS
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography Contributions is a compilation of selected reprints authored by the
Scripps faculty and staff. This annual
publication is available only on an exchange basis to other scientific, research, and advanced educational
institutions. For exchange information
please write to: University of California, San Diego
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Library Exchange Department
9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0175
La Jolla, California 92093-01 75.
The articles listed below were published in the 1992 volume and may also be
found in the publications cited. Information about a specific reprint can be obtained by writing directly to the
Scripps author in care of: University of California, San Diego
Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, California 92093.
Amon, Angora, Heremino P. Randriamonontena, Aloin Podaire and Robert Frouin. Upscale integration of norma~ ized difference vegetation index: the problem of spatial heterogeneity. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v.30, no.2, 1992. pp.32&338.
Ammerman, james W. and Forooq Azam. Bocteriol5'-nucleotidose activity in estuarine and coastal marine waters: characterization of enzyme activity. Limnology ond Oceanography, v.36, no.7, 1991. pp.1427-1436.
Ammerman, james W. and Forooq Azam. Bacteriol5'-nucleotidose activity in estuarine and coastal marine waters: role in phosphorous regeneration. Limnology and Oceanography, v.36, no.7, 1991. pp.1437·1447.
Aster, Richard C. and P. M. Shearer. Initial shear wove particle motions and stress constraints at the Anzo Seismic Network. Geophysical journal International, v.1 08 , 1992. pp.7 4(}7 48 .
Azam, Forooq and David C. Smith. Bacterial influence on the variability in the ocean's biogeochemical stat~: a mechanistic view. In Particle Analysis in Oceanography NATO AS/ Series. Series G: Ecological Sciences, v.27, edited by Serge Demers. Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 1991 . pp. 213-236.
Azam, Forooq, David C. Smith and A. F. Carlucci. Bacterial transformation and transport of organic matter in the Southern California Bight. Progress in Oceanography, v.30, 1992. pp.151-166.
Azam, Farooq, David C. Smith and James T. Hollibaugh. The role of the microbial loop in Antarctic pelagic ecosystems. Polar Research, v.10 •. no.1 , 1991 . pp.239-243 .
Bacastow, Robert and E. Maier-Reimer. Dissolved organic carbon in modeling oceanic new production. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v.5, no.1 , 1991 . pp.71-85.
Barnett, Tim P. An attempt to deled the greenhouse-gas signal in a transient GCM simulation . In Greenhouse<7as-lnduced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations. Developments in Atmospheric Science, 19, edited by M. E. Schlesinger. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 1991. pp.559-568 .
Ba$0r, Erol and Theodore Holmes Bullock. Induced Rhythms in the Brain. Brain Dynamics Series, edited by E. Ba~r and T. H. Bullock. Baston, Birkhouer, 1992. 483p.
Bauer, Aaron M ., Anthony P. Russell and R. E. Shadwick. Skin mechanics and morphology in Sphaerodaclyius roosevelt; (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Herpetologico, v.48, no. 1, 1992. pp.124-133.
Bauer, James E., P.M. W illiams and E. R. M. Druffel . 1"<: activity of dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north-central Pacific and Sargasso Sea. Nature, v. 357, 1992. pp.667-670.
Bauer, James E. , P. M . Williams and E. R. M. Druffel. Recovery of submilligram quantities of carbon dioxide from gas streams by molecular sieve for subsequent determination of isotopic (1 3C and 1"<:) natural abundances. Analytical Chemistry, v.64, na.7, 1992. pp.824-827.
Baumgartner , Tim R., Andrew Soutar and Vicente Ferreira-Bartrina. Reconstruction of the history af Pacific sardine and northern anchovy populations over the past two millennia from sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin, California. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, v.33, 1992. pp.24-40.
Becker, Janet and john W . Miles. Progressive radial cross-waves. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.245, 1992. pp.29-46.
Bemis, W. E. and R. Glenn Northcutt. Skin and blood vessels of the snout of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, and their significance for interpreting the cosmine of Devonian lungfishes. Acta Zoologico, v.73 , no.2, ·1 992. pp.11.S-139.
Benedix, G. K., lucy-Ann A. McFadden, E. M . Morrow and M . N. Fomenkova. Bias corredion factors for near-Earth ()S·
teroids. In Asteroids, Comets, Ntetears 1991. Proceedings of the International Conference held ot Northern Arizona University, FlogstoH, june 24-28, 1991, edited by Alan W. Harris and Edward Bowell. Houston, lunar and Planetary Institute, 1992. pp.65-68.
Berger, Wolfgang H. The CO/CH~ climate connection. In Trace Gases and the Biosphere, edited by Berrien. Moore Ill and David Schimel. Boulder, Coloroda, UCAR/Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies, 1992. pp.l3-40. ·
Berger, Wolfgang and G. Wefer. Flux of biogenous materials to the seafloor: open questions. In Use and Misuse of the Seafloor. Report of the Dahlem Workshop on Use and Misuse of Seafloor, Berlin 1991, March 17-22. Environmental Sciences Research Report, ES 11 , edited by K. j. Hsu and j. Thiede. Chichester, England, John Wiley & Sans, 1992. pp.285-304.
Berger, Wolfgang. No change down under. Nature, v.351 , 1991. p.187.
Berger, Wolfgang. Pacific carbonate cycles revisited: arguments for and against produdivity control. In Centenary of japanese MicropoleantOiogy, edited by K. lshizaki and T. Saito. Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 1992. pp.15-25.
Berger, Wolfgang and G . Wefer. Productivity of the glacial ocean: discussion of the iron hypothesis. Limnology and Oceanography, v.36, no.8, 1991. pp.1899-1918.
Berger, Wolfgang. Produktivitot des ozeans a us geologischer sicht: denkmodelle und beispiele. leitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, v. 142, 1991 . pp.149-178.
Berger, Wolfgang and j. C. Herguera. Reading the sedimentary record of the ocean's productivity. In Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by Paul G. Falkowski and Avril D. Woodhead. New York, Plenum Press, 1992. pp.455-486.
Berger, Wolfgang, l. W . Kroenke, l. A. Mayer,j. Backman, T. R. Janecek, l. Krissek, M. Leckie and M. Lyle. The record of Ontong java Plateau: main results of ODP teg 130. Geologico/ Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, 1992. pp.954-972.
Babzin, Steven C. and D. John Faulkner. Chemistry and chemical ecology of the Bahamian sponge Aplysillo glacio/is. Journal of Chemical Ecology, v.18, no. 3 , 1992 . pp.309-332 .
Brienzo, R. K. Velocity and attenuation profiles in the Monterey beep-Sea Fan. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.4, pt.1, 1992. pp.2109-2125.
Brownell, Robert l., Jr. and William F. Perrin. World review of incidental mortality in cetaceans. fBI Reports, no.3, 1992. pp.1-8.
Brune, James, joseph R. Curray, leRoy Dorman and Russell Raitt. A proposed super-fhick sedimentary basin, Bay of .Bengal. GeOphysical Research Letters, v. 19, no.6, 1992. pp.565-568.
Buckeridge, John S. and William A. Newman. A reexamination of Woikalasma (Cirripedia: Thoracica) and its significance in bolanomorph phylogeny. Journal of Paleontology, v.66, no.2, 1992. pp.341-345.
Buckingham, Michael j., Broderick V. Berkhout and Stewart A. l. Glegg. Imaging the ocean with ambient noise. Nature, v.356, 1992. pp.327-329.
Buckingham, Michael j. Ocea~coustic propagation models. journal d'Acoustique, 1992. pp.223-287.
Bullock, Theodore Holmes. Comparisons of major and minor taxa reveal two kinds of differences: 'lateral' adaptations and 'vertical" changes in grade. In The Evoluhbnory Biology of Hearing, edited by Douglas B. Webster, Richard R. Fay, and Arthur N. Popper. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992. pp.15-19.
Bullock, Theodore Holmes. lntrodudion to induced rhythms: a widespread; heterogeneous class of oscillations. In Induced Rhythms in the Brain. Brain C>ynomics Series, edited by E. Ba~ar and T. H. Bullock. Baston, Birkhouser, 1992. pp.1-26.
Caress, D. W ., M. S. Burnett and John A. Orcutt. Tomographic image of the axiallowwlocity zone at 12°50'N on the East Pacific Rise. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B6, 1992. pp.9243-9263.
Carlucci , A. F. , D. M. Wolgast and D. B. Craven. Microbial populations in surface films: amino acid dynamics in nearshore and offshore waters off southern California. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C4, 1992. pp.5271-5280.
Carnevale, G . F. , R. C. Kloosterziel and G .j. F. van Heijst. Propagation of barotropic vortices over topography in a rotating tank. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.233 , 1991. pp.119-139.
Castellini, M. A., Gerald l. Kooyman and Paul j. Ponganis. Metabolic rates of freely diving Weddell seals: correlations with oxygen stores, swim velocity and diving duration. journal of Experimental Biology, v.165, 1992. pp. 181-194.
Castillo, Paterno R., Peter A. Floyd and Christian France-Lanord. Isotope geochemistry of leg 129 basalts: implications for the origin of the widespread Cretaceous v~ conic event in the Pacific. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Old Pacific Crust, v. 129, edited by Roger l. larson, Yves lancelot, et al. College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, 1 992. pp.405-4 1 3 .
Chave, Alan D., DouglasS. Luther andjeon H. Filloux. The barotropic electromagnetic and pressure experiment. 1 . Barotropic current response to atmospheric forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no .C6, 1992 . pp.9565-9593 .
SCRIPPS I -NSTITUT I ON
Chave, Alan D., DouglasS. Luther, l. j. Lanzerotti and l. V. Medford. Geoelectric field measurements on a planetary scale: oceanographic and geophysical applications. Geophysical Research Letters, v. 19, no . 13 , 1992. pp. 1411 -1414.
Cheng, Lanna and John H. Wormuth. Are there separate populations of Halobates in the Gulf of Mexico? Bulletin of Morine Science, v.50, no.2, 1992. pp.307-319.
Chertock, Beth, Robert Frouin and Catherine Goutier. A technique for global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface. Port II: validation. journal of Applied Nteteorology, v.31, no.9, 1992. pp.1 067-1083 .
Cobra, Daniel T. , Alan V. Oppenheim and jules S. Jaffe. Geometric distortions in side-scan sonar images: a procedure for their estimation and correction. IEEE journal of Oceanic Engineering, v.17, na.3, 1992. pp.252-268.
Collins, William. Mechanics of apparent horizons. Physico/ Review D, v.45, na.2, 1992. pp.495-498.
Collins, William. The theory of magnetohydrodynamic wave generation by localized sources. Ill. Efficiency of plasma heating by dissipation of far-field waves. Astrophysico/Joornal, v.384, 1992. pp.319-332.
Conley, Daniele. and Douglas l. lnman . Field observations of the fluid-granular boundary Ioyer under near-breaking waves. journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, na. C6, 1992. pp.9631-9643 .
Constoble, Catherine G. Link between geomagnetic reversal paths and secular variation of the field over the past 5 Myr. Nature, v.358, 1992. pp.230.232.
Constoble, Catherine G . Reply. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B10, 1992. pp.13,997-13,998.
Cynar, Frankj. and A. A. Yayanos. The distribution of methane in the upper waters of the Southern California Bight. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C7, 1992. pp.11 ,269-11,285.
Davis, C. S., S. M . Gallager, M. S. Berman, l. R. Haury and j. R. Strickler. The Video Plankton Recorder (VPR): design and initial results . Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. Ergebnisse der limnologie. Advances in Limnology, v.36, 1992. pp.67-81 .
Davis, Russ E., D. Webb, lloyd A. Regier ondj . Dufour. The autonomous lagrangian circulation explorer (ALACE). journo/ of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v.9, no.3, 1992. pp.264-285.
Dayton, Paul K., Mia j. Tegner, P. E. Parnell and Peter B. Edwards. Temporal and spatial patterns of disturbance and recovery in a kelp forest community. Ecological Monographs, v.62, na.3, 1992. pp.421-445.
Deane, Grant B. and Chris T. Tindle. A three-dimensional analysis of acoustic propagation in a penetrable wedge slice. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.3, 1992. pp.1583-1592.
Dickson, Andrew G. The Determination of Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Seawater Using Extroction/Coulometry: The First Stage of a Collobarotive Study. Carbon Dioxide Research Program. Technical Report no. TR053. Washington, D.C., Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Envi· ronmental Research, and Carbon Dioxide Research Program, 1992. pp.1-43 .
Dickson, Andrew G . The development of the alkalinity concept in marine chemistry. Morine Chemistry, v.40, 1992. pp.49-63 .
Dizon, Andrew E., Christina Lockyer, William F. Perrin, Douglas P. DeMoster and joyce Sisson. Rethinking the stock concept: a phylogeographic approoch. Conservation Biology, v.6, no.1, 1992. pp.24-36.
Douglas, Michael E., Gory D. Schnell, Danielj. Hough and William F. Perrin . Geographic variation in cranial morpho~ ogy of spinner dolphins Stene/la longirostris in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean . Fishery Bulletin, v.90, 1992. pp.54-76.
0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
57
•
58
•
Druffel, E. R. M., P. M. Williams, James E. Bauer and John R. Ertel . Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.ClO, 1992. pp.15,639-15,659.
Druffel, E. R. M. and P. M. Williams. Imparlance of isotope measurements in marine organic geochemistry. Ntarine Chemistry, v.39, 1992. pp.209-215.
D'Spain, Gerald l., W. S. Hodgkiss, G. L. Edmonds, John C. Nickles, Frederick H . Fisher and R. A. Harriss. Initial analysis of the data from the vertical DIFAR array. In Oceans '92, Proceedings, Volume 1; October 26-29, 1992, Newport, Rhode Island, Ntastering the Oceans Through Technology. Piscataway, NJ., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992. pp.346-35l.
Duda, T. F., S. M. Flatte, J. A. Colosi, B. Cornuelle, John A. Hildebrand, W. S. Hodgkiss, Peter F. Worcester, Bruce M. Howe, J. A. Mercer and Robert C. Spindel. Measured wove-front fluctuations in 1 ()()(}km pulse propagation in the Pacific Ocean. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.2, pl. 1, 1992. pp.939-955.
Elgar, Steve, Robert T. Guza, M. H. Freilich and M. J Briggs. laboratory simulations of directionally spread shoaling waves. journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, v. 118, no.1 , 1992. pp.87-103 .
Elgar, Steve, T. H. C . Herbers, Michele Okihiro, Joan Oltman-Shay and Robert T. Guza. Observations of infragravity waves. journal o(Geophysical Research, v.97, no.ClO, 1992. pp.15, 573-15, 577.
Enright, James T. Unexpected role of the oblique muscles in the human vertical fusional reflex. Journal of Physiology, v.45 I , 1992. pp.279-293 .
Faulkner, D. John. Biomedical uses for natural marine chemicals. Oceanus, v.35, no.1, 1992. pp.29-35 .
Fomenkova, M. N. , J. F. Kerridge, K. Marti and lucy-Ann A. McFadden. Compositional trends in rock-forming elements ofcometHalleydusl. Science, v.258, 1992. pp.266-269.
Fritzsch, B. and R. Glenn Northcutt. A plastic embedding technique for analyzing fluorescent dextran-amine labelled neuronal profiles. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, v.67, no.3, 1992. pp. I 53- I 57.
Frouin, Robert and Beth Chertock. A technique for global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface. Part 1: model. journal of Applied Nlefeoro/ogy, v.31, no.9, 1992. pp.1056-l066.
Geffen, Dian j. and Tim P. Barnett. A comparison of observations and model simulations of tropospheric water vapor. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.D3 , 1992. pp.2775-2780.
Gautier, Catherine and Robert Frouin. Net surface solar irrodionce variability in the central equatorial Pacific during 1982-1985.)ournalofCiimate, v.5, no.1 , 1992. pp.3Q-55.
Genrich, Joachim F. and Yehuda Bock. Rapid resolution of crustal motion at short ranges with the Global Positioning System.)ournal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B3, I 992. pp.326 I -3269.
Goldberg, Edward D. Morine metal pollutants, a small set. Ntarine Pollution Bulletin, v.25 , nos.1-4, 1992. pp.45-47.
Gordon, Arnold l., Roy F. Weiss, William M. Smethie, Jr. and M . j. Worner. Thermocline and intermediate water communication between the South Atlantic and Indian oceans. journal of Geophxsical Research, v.97, no.C5, 1992 •. pp.7223-7240 .
Griffiths, R. 1., R. E. Shadwick on9 P. j. Berger. Functional importance of a highly elastic ligament on the mammalian diaphragm . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v.249, 1992. pp.199-204.
Gunowordana, Geewonondo P., Fronk E. Koehn, Angelo Y. Lee , Jon Clardy , Hoi-Yin He and D. John Faulkner . Pyridaacridine alkaloids from deep-water marine sponges of the family Pachastrellidoe: structure revision of dercilin and related compounds and correlation with the kuononiomines. Journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, 1992. pp. I 523-1526.
Homann, lise M . and James H. Swift. A consistent inventory of water mass factors in the intermediate and deep Pacific Ocean derived from conservative tracers. Deep-Sea Research, v.38, Supplement I , 1991. pp.SI29-S169.
Hansen,j. A., D. W. Klumpp, D. M. Alongi, PaulK. Dayton and M. J Riddle. Detrftal pathways in a coral reef lagoon. II. Detritus deposition, benthic microbial biomass and production . Ntarine Biology, v.1 I 3, 1992. pp.363-372.
Haury, L. R., Hidekatsu Yamazaki and Connie L. Fey. Simultaneous measurements of small-scale physical dynamics and zooplankton distributions. journal of Plankton Research, v. I 4, no.4, 1992. pp.5 I 3-530.
Hciygood, Margo G ., DanielL. Distel and Peter j. Herring. Polymerase chain reaction and I 6S rRNA gene sequences from the luminous bacterial symbionts of two deep-sea anglerfishes. journal of the Ntarine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v.72, 1992. pp.149-159.
He, Hoi-Yin, Yenamandra Venkateswarlu, Mary Kay Harper, D. John Foulkner,J L. R. Steiner, E. Corcoran and jon Clardy. Morine natural products from the Seychelles. In Troisieme Symposium sur les Substances Naturelles D'interet Biologique de Ia Region Pacifique-Asie, Noumea, Nouvelle-Caledonie, 26-30 Aout 1991, Actes, edited by Cecile Debitus, Philippe Amade, Dominique laurent, and Jean-Pierre Cosson . Noumea, New Caledonia, Centre ORSTOM de Noumea. pp.257-264.
He, Hoi-Yin, D. John Faulkner, Angela Y. lee and jon Clardy. A new imidazole alkaloid from the marine sponge Leuceffa micrarhaphis. Journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, . 1992. pp.2176-2178.
He, Hoi-Yin, Javier Solv6, Robert F. Catolos and D. John Faulkner. Sesquiterpene thiocyanates and isothiocyanates from Axinyssa ap/ysinoides. journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, 1992. pp.3191-3194.
Herbers, T. H. C., R. L. lowe and Robert T. Guza. Field observations of orbital velocities and pressure in weakly nonlinear surface gravity waves. journal of Fluid Nlechanics, v.245, I 992. pp:413-435.
Herbers, T. H. C. and Robert T. Guza. Wind-wove nonlinearity observed at the seafloor. Part II: wovenumbers and third-order statistics. journal of Physical Oceanography, v.22, no.5 , 1992. pp.489-504.
Herbert, Timothy D. Paleomagnetic calibration of Milankovitch cyclicity in lower Cretaceous sediments. Earth and P/arietory Science Letters, v.112, 1992. pp. I 5-28.
Herbert, Timothy D., Brian A. Tom and Chris Burnett. Precise major component determinations in deep-sea sediments using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Geochimica et Casmochimica Acta, v.56, I 992. pp.1759-1763 .
Jahne, Bernd. Digitollmage Processing, Concepts, AI~ rithms, and Scientific Applications. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1991. 383p.
Jahne, Bernd. From mean fluxes to a detailed experimental investigation of the gas transfer process. In Air-Water Ntass Transfer, Selected Papers from the Second International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Minneapolis, Minnesofo, September 11-14, 1990, edited by Steven C. Wilhelms and John S. Gulliver. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, · 1991 . pp.244-256.
Jahne, Bernd. New experimental results on the parameters influencing air-sea gas exchange. I~ Air-Water Moss Transfer, Selected Papers from the Second International 5ym~ sium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by Steven C. Wilhelms and JohnS. Gulliver. New York, American Society of Civil Engineers, I 991. pp.582-592.
Jenki~s. Scott A ., joseph Wasyl and David W. Skelly. Tackling trapped sediments. Civil Engineering, v.62, no.2, 1992. pp.61-63 .
Keir, R. S., R. l. Michel and Ray F. Weiss. Ocean mixing versus gas exchange in Antarctic shelf waters near 150°E. Deep-Sea Research, v.39, no.2, 1992. pp.97-1 19.
King, Scott D. and T. G. Masters. An inversion for radial viscosity structure using seismic tomography. Geophysical Research Letters, v.19, no.15, 1992. pp. 1551-1554.
Klaasterziel, R. C. and G. F. Carnevale. Formal stability of circular vortices. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.242, 1992. pp.249-278.
Kong, Fanhua, Mary Kay Harper and D. John Faulkner. Fuscusine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid from the seastar Perknaster fuscus anforcticus. Natural Product Letters, v. I , no.1 , 1992. pp.71 -74.
Kooyman, Gerald l. , Y. Cherel, Yvon Le Moho [sic], J. P. Croxall, Philip H. Thorson, V. Ridoux and C. A. Kooyman. Diving behavior and energetics during foraging cycles in king penguins. Ecological Monographs, v.62, no.1 , 1992 . pp. 143-163.
Kooyman, Gerald l., Paulj. Ponganis, M.A. Castellini , Edward P. Ponganis, Katherine V. Ponganis, Philip H . Thorson, Scott A. Eckert and Yvon LeMaho. Heart rates ond swim speeds of emperor penguins diving under sea ice. journal of . Experimental Biology, v. 1 65, I 992. pp. 161 -1 80.
Krolik,Jeffrey l. Matched-field minimum variance beamforming in a random ocean channel. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.3, 1992. pp. 1408-14 I 9 .
l.orgier, John l., j. H. Slinger and S. Taljaard. The stratified hydrodynamics of the Palmiel- a prototypical bar-built estuary. In Dynamics and Exchanges in Estuaries and the Coastal Zone. Coastal and Estuarine Studies, no.40, edited by David Prandle. Washington, D.C. , American Geophysical Union, 1992. pp.135-153.
Largier, John l. Tidal intrusion front~. Estuaries, v.15, no.1 , I 992. pp.2&39.
Latz, Michael I. and James F. Case. Stow photic and chemical induction of bioluminescence in the midwater shrimp, Sergestes simi/is Hansen. Biological Bulletin, v.182, 1992. pp.391-400.
lee, Youn-Ho and Victor D. Vacquier. The divergence of species-specific abalone sperm lysins is promoted by positive Darwinian selection . Biological Bulletin, v.182, 1992. pp.97-104.
lee, Youn-Ho and Victor D. Vocquier. Reusable eDNA libraries coupled to magnetic beods. Anafytical Biochemistry, v.206, 1992. pp.206-207. .
Lewin, Ralph A. La evoluo de moneroj-kelkaj sciencaj aspektoj. Tutrnondai Sciencoi KTeknikoi, v.2, no.28, 1992. pp.21-24.
Lewin, Ralph A. lntralerreslriol communication. Antenna, v.16, no.3, 1992. pp.93-95.
l.onguet-Higgins, MichaelS. Capillary rollers and bores. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.240, 1992. pp.659-679.
l.onguet-Higgins, Michael S. The crushing of air cavities in a liquid. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, v.439, 1992. pp.6 I I -626.
l.onguet-Higgins, Michael S. Nonlinear damping of bubble oscillations by resonant interadion. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v. 91 , no. 3, 1992. pp. I 4 14-1422.
l.onguet-Higgins, Michael S. Theory of weakly damped Stokes waves: a new formulation and its physical interpretation. )ourno/ of Fluid Mechanics, v.235, I 992. pp.319-324 .
Lowenstom, H. A. , S. Weiner and William A. Newman. Carbonate apatite-containing shell plates of a barnacle (Cirripedia). In Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues Held in Coronado, California on February 5-9, 1992, edited by Harold Slavkin and Paul Price. New York, Excerpla Medicci, 1992. pp.73-84.
Luijehorms,j. R. E., W. P.M. DeRuijter and RayG. Peterson. lnterbasin exchange and the Agulhas retroflection; the deve~ opmenl of some oceanographic concepts. Deep-Sea Research, v.39, no.IO, 1992. pp.1791-1807 .
Masnadi-Shirozi, ·Mohammed A., Christian de Moustier, Pierre Cervenka and Stanley H. Zisk. Differential phase estimation with the SeaMARC II bathymetric sidescan sonar system. IEEE journal of Oceanic Engineering, v. I 7 , no.3 , 1992. pp.239-251 .
Mcfadden, lucy-Ann A. and Alan B. Chamberlin . Near in· frared reflectance spectra: applications to problems in asteroid-meteorite relationships. In Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1991 . Proceedings of the International Conference Held at Northern Arizona University, FlogstoH, june 2 4·2 8, 1991 , edited by Alan W. Harris and Edward Bowell . Houston, l~r nor and Planetary lnstiMe, 1992. pp.413·416.
McPhaden, M . L F. Bohr, Y. du Penhoot, Eric Firing, S. P. Hayes, Pearn P. Niiler, P. l. Richardson andj. M. Toole. The response of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to westerly wind bursts during November 1989 to January 1990. journo/ of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C9, 1992. pp.14,289·14,303.
Miles, john W. On Rayleigh's investigation of crispotions of Auid resting on a vibrating support. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.244, 1992. pp.645-648.
Miles, John W. On surface waves with zero contact angle. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.245, 1992. pp.485·492.
Miles, john W. Variational approximations for gravity waves in water of variable depth. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v. 2 32, 1991. pp.681-688 .
Miller, Arthur j . large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions in a simplified coupled model of the midlotitude wintertime cir· culation. journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, v.49, no.4, 1992. pp.273·286.
Miller, Arthur j. On forced barotropic .vorticity oscillations. Journal of Physico/ Oceanography, v. 22, no.l, 1992. pp. 808·81 0 .
Miller, Arthur L josef M. Oberhuber, Nicholas E. Graham and Tim P. Barnett. Tropical Pacific Ocean response to observed winds in a layered general circulation model. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no .C5 , 1992 . pp.7317·7340.
Mori, Kenji, Hirosato Tokikawa, l"v'-I:Jsaru Kida, Kim F. Albizati ·and D. john Faulkner. Synthesis of (±I · and meso-limatulone, defensive triterpene metabolites of the limpet Collisello /imatu/o. Natural Product Letters, v. 1, no. 1 , 1 992. pp.59-64.
Muller, R. Dietmar and Walter R. Roes!. Fracture zones in the North A~anlic from combined Geasot and Seasat data. journo/ of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B3 , 1992. pp.3337·3350.
Mullin, Michael M. and Takashi Onbe. Diel reproduction and vertical distributions of the marine cladocerans, Evadne tergestino and Penilio ovirostris, in contrasting coastal envi· ronments. journal of Plankton Research, v. 14, no. 1 , 1 992. pp.41·59.
Newman, William A. Biotic cognates of eastern boundary conditions in the Pacific and A~nlic : relicts of Tethys and climatic change. Proceedings of the Son Diego Society of Natural History, no.16, 1992. pp.1·7 .
Newman, William A. Origin of Maxillopoda . Acta Zoo/ogica, v.73, na.5, 1992. pp.319·322.
Nickles, John C., G. l. Edmonds, R. A. Harriss, Frederick H. Fisher, W. S. Hodgkiss, Jim Giles and Gerald D'Spain. A vertical array of directional acoustic sensors. In Oceans '92, Proceedings, Volume 1, October 26-29, 1992, Newport, Rhode Island, Mastering the Oceans Through Technology. Piscataway, Nj., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992. pp.340.345 .
Northcutt, R. Glenn and l"v'-I:Jrk Ronan. Afferent and efferent connections of the bullfrog medial pallium. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, v.40, 1992. pp.1·16.
Northcutt, R. Glenn. Distribution and innervation of lateral line organs in the axolotl . journal of Comparative Neural· ogy, v.325, 1992. pp.95·123 .
Northcutt, R. Glenn. The phylogeny of octavolateralis ontogenies: a reaffirmation of Garstang's phylogenetic hypothesis. In The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, edited by Douglas B. Webster, Richard R. Fay, and Arthur N . Popper. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992. pp.21·47.
Oelschlager, Helmut A. and R. Glenn Northcutt. Immunocytochemical localization of luteinizing hormon~eleasing hor· mone (LHRHI il) the nervus lerminalis and brain of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. journal of Comparative Neuro~ ogy, v.315, 1992. pp.344·363 .
Ohman, l"v'-I:Jrk D. lmmunochemical recognition of oligotrich ciliates. Marine Biology, v.114, 1 992 . pp.653-660.
Okihiro, Michel, Robert T. Guza and Richard j. Seymour. Bound infragravity waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C7, 1992. pp.11 ,453·11 ,469.
Owen, Robert W., S. F. Gianesella·Galvoo and M . B. B. Kutner. Discrete, subsurface layers of the autotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum off Brazil. journal of Plankton Research, v.14, no.1, 1992. pp.97·105 .
Podman, laurie, Albert j. Plueddemann, Robin D. Muench and Robert Pinkel . Diurnal tides near the Yermak Plateau. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C8, 1992. pp. 12,639·12,652.
Peterson, Ray G. The boundary currents in the western Ar· genline Basin. Deep-Sea Research, v.39, nos.3-4, 1992. pp.623-644.
Pinkel, Robert and Jerome Smith. Repeal-sequence coding for improved precision of Doppler sonar and sodar. journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v.9, no.2, 1992. pp.149·163 ..
Pinkel, Robert and Steven Anderson. Toward a statistical description of fine scale strain in the thermocline. journal of Physical Oceanography, v.22, no.7, 1992. pp.773·795.
Ponganis, Paul L Roger l. Gentry, Edward P. Ponganis and Katherine V. Ponganis. Analysis of swim velocities during deep and shallow dives of two northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus . Morine Mammal Science, v.8, no. 1, 1992. pp.69-75.
Ponganis, Paul j. and Gerald l. Kooyman. Diving physiol· ogy of penguins. In Symposium 33, Physiology of Diving Birds, Acto XX Congressus lnternationalis Ornithologici, con· veners P. j. Butler and D. R. Jones. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Ornithological Congress Trust Board, 1991 . pp.1887·1892.
Ponganis, Paul L Gerald l. Kooyman, D. Sartoris and P. Jobsis. Pinniped splenic volumes. American journal of Physiology, v.262, 1992. pp.R322·R325.
Potts, Barbara C. M., D. John Faulkner, M . S. de Carvalho and R. S. Jacobs. Chemical mechanism of inactivation of bee venom phospholipase Az by the marine natural products manoalide, luffariellolide and scalaradial. journal of the American Chemica/ Society, v.114, 1992. pp.5093·51 00.
Potts, Barbara C. M., Robertj. Capon and D. john Faulkner. Luffalactone and (4E,6EI-dehydro-manoalide from the sponge LuHorie/lo variabilis . journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, 1992. pp.2965·2967.
Potts, Barbara C. M., D. John Faulkner and R. S. Jacobs. Phospholipase Az inhibitors from marine organisms. journaf of Natural Products, v.55, no.12, 1992. pp.1701 ·1717.
Poulain, P. M ., Douglas S. luther and William C. Patzert. Derivi.ng inertial wave characteristics from surface drifter W. locities: frequency variability in the tropical Pacific . journal of Geophysical Research , v.97, no.C 11 , 1992. pp.17,947·17,959 ..
Prechrl, James C. and Theodore Holmes Bullock. Barbiturate sensitive components of visual ERPs in a reptile. NeuroReport, v.3, no.9, 1992. pp.801·804.
Ramanathan, V. and William Collins. Thermostat and global warming. Nature, v.357, 1992. p.649.
Reimers, Clare E., Richard A. Jahnke and Daniel C. McCorkle. Corban fluxes and burial rates over the continental slope and rise off central California with implications for the global carbon cycle. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v.6, no.2, 1992. pp.1 99·224.
Reuss, Edward and Jules S. Jaffe. Real·time three-dimensional imaging sonar for in-situ tracking of zooplankton in the ocean. In New Developments in Ultrasonic Transducers and Trans· ducer Systems, 21·22 July 1992, Son Diego, California, Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 1733, edited by Frederic l. Lizzi . Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 1992. pp.322·328 .
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION
Roods, john Owen, Shyh{:hin Chen,j. Kao, D. Langley and G. Glatzmaier. Global aspects of the los Alamos general circulation model hydrologic cycle. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.D9, 1992. pp.1 0,051-10,068 .
Roods, john Owen, K. Ueyoshi, Shyh{:hin Chen, j. Alpert, and F. Fujioka. MediunH"ange fire weather forecasts. International journal of Wildland Fire , v. 1, no. 3, 1991 . pp.159·176.
Rogers, David P. and Dorko Koracin . Radiative transfer and turbulence in the cloud-topped marine atmospheric boundary Ioyer. journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, v.49, no. 16, 1992. pp.1473·1486.
Salmon, Rick. A two-layer Gulf Stream over a continental slope.journalofMarineResearch, v.50, 1992. pp.341·365.
Sandwell , David T. Antarctic marine gravity field from high-density satellite altimetry. Geophysical journal International, v. 109, 1992. pp.437·448.
Sanfilippo, Annika and William R. Riedel . The origin and evolution of Pteracorythidae !Radiolaria): a Cenozoic phylogenetic study. Micropaleontology, v.38, no. 1, 1992. pp.1·36.
Schimmelmann, A., Carina Lange, Wolfgang H. Berger, A. Simon, Susan K. Burke and R. B. Dunbar. Extreme climatic conditions recorded in Santa Barbara Basin laminated sedi· ments: the 1835·1840 Macoma event. Marine Geology, v.1 06, 1992. pp.279·299.
Schimmelmann, A. and Mia j. Tegner. Historical evidence of abrupt coastal climatic change in southern California, 17901880. In Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, Asilomar, California-March 1 (). 13, 1991 . Technical report 31 of the Interagency Ecological Studies Program for the Sacramento-Son joaquin Estuary, edited by Kelly T. Redmond . Sacramento, California, Cali· fornia Department of Water Resources, 1992. pp.47·56.
SchUtt, A. , Erol Ba,ar and Theodore Holmes Bullock. The effects of acetylcholine, dopamine and noradrenaline on the visceral ganglion of Helix pamalio-1. Ongoing compound field potentials of low frequencies. Comparative Biochemis· try and Physiology, v.1 02C, no.1, 1992. pp.159·168.
Seymour, Richardj. and Richard A. Geyer. Fates and effects of oil spills. Annual Review of Energy and Environment, v.17, 1·992. pp.261·283 .
Shadwick, R. E. Circulatory structure and mechanics. In Biomechanics-Structures and Systems: A Practical Approach, edited by A. A. Biewener. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1992. pp.233·261.
Shadwick, R. E. Salt composites . In Biomechanics-Materi· ols: A Practical Approach, edited by julian F. V. Vincent. Oxford, IRl Press at Oxford University Press, 1992. pp. 133·164.
Shadwick, R. E., Anthony P. Russell and Randolph F. Lauff. The structure and mechanical design of rhinoceros dermal armour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v.337, 1992. pp.419·428.
Sherman, Jeff. Observations of Argos performance. journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v.9, no.3, 1992. pp.323·328.
Shearer, P. M . and T. G. Masters. Global mapping of topography on the 66o-km discontinuity. Nature, v.355, 1992. pp.791·796.
Shimada, Seiichi and Yehuda Bock. Crustal deformation measurements in cenlraiJapan determined by a Global Posi· tioning System fixed-point network. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B9, 1992. pp.12,437·12,455.
Simon, Meinhard, Byung C. Cho and Farooq Azam. Signifi· cance of bacterial biomass in lakes and the ocean : compari· son to phytoplankton biomass and biogeochemical implications. Morine Ecology Progress Series , v.86, 1992. pp.103·110.
Simpson, jomes j . Image masking using polygon fills and morphological transformations. Remote Sensing of the Envi· ronment, v.40, 1992. pp.161 ·183.
0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
59
•
60
•
Simpson, James j. Remote sensing and geographical information systems: their past, present and future use in global marine fisheries. Fisheries Oceanography, v.1, no.3, 1992. pp.238-280.
Simpson, James j. Response of the southern California Current system to the mid-latitude North Pacific coastal warming events of 1982-1983 and 194(} 1941 . Fisheries Oceanography, v.1, no. 1, 1992. pp.57-79.
Sloan, Forrest E. and Richard j. Seymour. The effect of seawater exposure on Mode I interlaminar fracture and crack growth in graphite/ epoxy. journal of Composite Materials, v.26, no. 18, 1992. pp.2655-2673 .
Smith, David C., Meinhard Simon, A. l. Alldredge and Farooq Azam. Intense hydrolytic enzyme activity on marine aggregates and implications for rapid particle· dissolution. Nature, v.359, 1992. pp. 139-142.
Smith, Jerome and Robert Pinkel. Improvement of Doppler estimation through repeat-sequence coding. In Oceans '91 , October 1·3, 1991, Honolulu, Hawaii, Proceedings, Volume 2, Ocean Technologies and Opportunities in the Pacific for the 90s. Piscataway, NJ, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1991 . pp. 977-984.
Smith, Jerome. Observed growth of langmuir circulation. journal of Geophysical Research , v.97, no.C4, 1992. pp.5651-5664.
Smith, Keith, D. Martin James, Anil G. Mistry, Martin R. Bye and D. John Faulkner. A new method for bromination of carbazoles, B-carbolines and iminodibenzyls by use of Nbromosuccinimide and silica gel . Tetrahedron, v.48, no.36, 1992. pp.7479-7488.
Spiess, Fred N ., D. E. Boegeman and C. D. Lowenstein. First ocean-research-ship-supported fly-in re-entry to a deep ocean drill hole. t.Aorine Technology Sociely Journal, v.26, no.3, 1992. pp.3-1 0.
Sutton, D~n W . and Jules S. Jaffe. Acoustic bedload velocity · estimates using a broadband puls~lse time correlation technique. Journal of the Acoustical Sociely of America, v.92, no.3, 1992. pp. 1692-1698.
Talley, lynne D. and Terrence M . Joyce. The double silica maximum in the North Pacific. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C4, 1992. pp .5465-5480 .
Tarduno, John A. Magnetic susceptibility cyclicity and magnetic dissolution in cretaceous limestones of the Southern Alps (Italy) . Geophysical Research Letters, v. 19, no.14, 1992. pp.1515-1518 .
Tarduno, John A., William Lowrie, William V. Sliter, Timothy j. Bralower and Friedrich Heller. Reversed polarity characteristic magnetizations in the Albian Contesso section, Umbrian Apennines, Italy: implications for the existence of a mid<:retaceous mixed polarity interval. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B 1, 1992. pp.241-271.
Tebo, Bradley M. M.onganese(ll) oxidation in the subaxic zane of the Black Sea . Deep-Sea Research, v.38, Supplement 2, 1991. pp.S883-S905.
Tebo, Bradley M ., R. A. Rosson and K. H. Nealson. Potential for manganese(ll) oxidation and manganese(IV~ reduction to co-occur in the subaxic zone of the Black Sea. In Black Sea Oceanography. NATO AS/ Series . Series C: t.Aathematical and Physical Sciences, v.351, edited by Erol lzdarandJames W . Murray. Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991 . pp. 173-1 85 .
Tegner, Mia j. Broad-stock transplants as an approach to abalone stock enhancement. In Abo/one of the World, Biology, Fisheries and Culture, Proceedings of the 1st. International Symposium on Abalone, edited by S. A. Shepherd, Miaj. Tegner, and S. A. Guzman Del Proo. Oxford, Fishing News Books, 1992. pp.461-473 .
Tegner, MiaJ.,John D. DeMartini and Konstantin A. Karpov. The California red abalone fishery: a case study in complexity. In Abo/one of the World, Biology, Fisheries and Culture, Proceedings of the 1st. International Symposium on Abalone, edited by S. A. Shepherd, Mia J. Tegner, and S. A. Guzman Del Proo. Oxford, Fishing News Books, 1992. pp.37(}383 .
Thomas, William H. and Carl H. Gibson. Effects of quanti: lied small-scale turbulence on the dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium sanguineum (splendens) : contrasts with Gonyaulax (Lingulodinium) po/yedra, and the fishery implication. DeepSea Research, v.39, nos:7-8, 1992. pp. 1429-1437.
Thomas, William H., Byung C. Cho and Farooq Azam. Phytoplankton and bacterial production and biomass in suba~ pine Eastern Srook lake, Sierra Nevada, California . I. Seasonal interrelationships between the two biotic groups. Arctic and Alpine Research, v.23, no.3, 1991 . pp.287-295 .
Thomas, William H., Byung C. Cho and Farooq Azam. Phytoplankton and bacterial production and biomass in suba~ pine Eastern Brook lake, Sierra Nevada, California . II . Comparison with other high-elevation lakes. Arctic and Alpine Research, v.23 , no.3, 1991. pp.296-302.
Trimurtulu, Golakoti, Diana M . Kushlan, D. John Faulkner and Ch. Bheemasonkara Roo. Divarinone, a novel d iterpene from the brown alga Dictyota divoricata of the Indian Ocean . Tetrahedron Letters, v.33, no.6 , 1992. pp.729-732 .
Tripp, Bruce W ., John W . Farrington , Edward D. Goldberg and Jose Sericano. International mussel watch: the initial implementation phase. t.Aarine Pollution Bulletin, v.24, no.7, 1992. pp.371-373.
Tsuchiya, Mizuki, lynne D. Talley and MichaelS. McCartney. An eastern Atlantic section from Iceland southward across the equator. Deep-Sea Research, v.39, nos.11 -12, 1992. pp. 1885-1917.
Van Syoc, Robert j. living and fossil populations of a western Arlantic barnacle, Balanus subalbidus Henry, 197 4, in the Gulf of California region . Proceedings of the Son Diego Sociely of Natural History, no. 12, 1992. pp. 1-7.
Venrick, Elizabeth l. Oceanic chlorophyll. In Encyclopedia of Earth System Science, Volume 3, edited by William A. Nierenberg. San Diego, CA, Academic Press, Inc., 1992. pp.403-413 .
Vernet, M . Phytoplankton dynamics in the Barents Sea estimated from chlorophyll budget models. Polar Research, v. 1 0, no.1 , 1991. pp.129-145.
Vilas, Faith and lucy-Ann A. McFadden. CCD reRectance spectra of selected asteroids. 1 . Presentation and data analysis considerations. Icarus, v. 1 00, 1992. pp.85-94.
Walker, H. J.. Jr. and Keith W . Radford . Eastern Pacific spe
cies of the genus Umbrina (Pisces:· Sciaenidae) with a description of a new species . Fishery Bulletin, v.90, 1992. pp.574-587.
Warner, M. J. and Ray F. Weiss. Chlorofluoromethanes in South Atlantic Antarctic Intermediate Water. Deep-Sea Research, v.39, nos. 11 ·12, 1992. pp.2053-2075.
Wdowinski , Shimon. Dynamically supported trench topography. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B 12, 1992. pp. 17,651 -17,656.
Webb, Spahr. The equilibrium oceanic microseism spectrum. journal of the Acoustical Sociely of America, v.92, no.4, pt.1, 1992. pp.2141-2158.
Webb, Spahr and Adam Schultz. Very low frequency ambient noise at the seafloor under the Beaufort Sea icecap. journal of the Acoustical Sociely of America, v. 9_1 , no. 3, 1992. pp. 1429-1439.
Wells, Mark l. and Edward D. Goldberg. Marine submicron particles. Marine Chemistry, v.40, 1992. pp.5-18.
White, Warren B. and Chang-Kou Tai. Reflection of interannual Rossby waves at the maritime western boundary of the tropical Pacific.Journa/ of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.CQ, 1992. pp.14,305-14,322.
Whitman , Jill M . and Wolfgang H . Berger . Plio· cene-Pieistocene oxygen isotope record Site 586, Ontong Java Plateau . Marine Micropaleontology, v. 18, 1992. pp.171-198.
Wicht, Helmut and R. Glenn Northcutt. FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti (Myxinoidea) . Cell Tissue Research, v.270, 1992. pp.443-449.
W icht, Helmut and R. Glenn Northcutt. The forebrain of the Pacific hagfish: a cladistic reconstruction of the ancestral craniate forebrain. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, v.40, 1992. pp.25-64.
Widmer, Rudolph, T. G . Masters and Freeman J. Gilbert. Observably split multiplets-data analysis and interpretation in terms of large-scale aspherical structure. Geophysica/Journal/nternational, v.111, 1992. pp.559-576.
Widmer, Rudolph, W . Zum and T. G . Masters. Observation of low-order toroidal modes from the 1989 Macquarie Rise event. Geophysical journal International, v. 111 , 1992. pp.226-236.
Wierzimok, Dietmar and Bernd Johne. Measurement of wave-induced turbulent flow structures using digital image sequence analysis. In Air-Water Mass Transfer, Selected Papers from the Second International Symposium on Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 11-14, 1990, edited by Steven C. Wilhelms and John S.
Gulliver. New York, American Society qf Civil Engineers, 1991. pp.2Q(}209.
Williams, P. M. , Kenneth J. Robertson, Andrew Soutar, S. M. Griffin and E. R. M. Druffel. Isotopic signatures ('~, 13C, 15NI as tracers of sources and cycling of soluble and particulate organic matter in the Santa Manica Basin, California . Progress in Oceanography, v.30, 1992. pp.253-290.
W illiams, P. M. Measurement of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in natural waters. Oceanography, v.5, no.2, 1992. pp.107-116.
Woodward, Robert l. and T. G . Masters. Upper manrle structure from long-period differential traveltimes and free oscillation data. Geophysical journal International, v. 1 09, 1 992. pp.275-293.
Yang, T.-H., N . Chin Lai ,Jeffrey B. Graham and George N . Somera. Respiratory, blood, and heart enzymatic adaptations of Sebastolobus alascanus (Scorpaenidae; Teleosteil to the oxygen minimum zone: a comparative study. Biological Bulletin, v.183, 1992. pp.49(}499.
Yuan , Xiaojun and lynne D. Talley. Shallow salinity minima . in the North Pocific .)ournalofPhysica/Oceanography, v.22, no. l 1 , 1992. pp. 1 302-1 316.
OTHER WORKS
Cheng, Lanna. Aquatic Insect Ecology, v.1 . (Book Review.) journal of Experimental t.Aarine Biology and Ecology, v. 1 tiJ / 1, 1992. pp.141-142.
Lewin, Ralph A. Algae in red . Review of "Dunaliella: Physic~ ogy, Biochemistry and Biotechnology.• (Book Review.) Nature, v.360, 1992. pp.119-120.
Potter, John R. Acoustic daylight: theory and numerical siml.l" lations for an imaging system using ambient noise in the ocean. journal of the Acoustical Sociely of America, 1992.
Rajkkonon, R. R. A multifunctional vessel: the polymaran SPRUT-M. Translated by Ralph A. Lewin . t.Aorine Technology Sociely)ournal, v.26, no.3, 1992. pp.58-59.
Guzman del Pr6o, S. A. , Mia J. Tegner, and S. A. Shepherd, eds. Abalone of the world : biology, fisheries and cu~ lure (supplementary papers) . In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Abalone in La Paz, lv1exico, 21-25 November 1989, Adelaide, South Australia, Department of Fisheries, 1992. 68p.
Whalen, Martin. The global methane cycle. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 1993. pp.407-426.
NAGA REPORT SERIES
The Naga Report series covers the
scientific results of marine investigations
in the South China Sea ·and the Gulf of
Thailand from 1959 through 1961.
For a list of available reports and costs,
please send inquiries to:
University of California, San Diego
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Naga Reports
9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0201 La Jolla, California 92093-0201 .
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF
OCEANOGRAPHY ASSOCIATES
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography Associates members receive a quarterly
publication as a member benefit of the
SIO Associates program. Articles and
photographs feature Scripps scientists
and their research; columns cover
events at Scripps and profiles of
Scripps supporters. For membership information write to:
University of California, San Diego
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Associates
9 500 Gilman Drive Dept 0207 La Jolla, CA 92093-0207.
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION
OF OCEANOGRAPHY
REFERENCE SERIES
The reference series includes data
reports, preliminary research reports,
historical reports, and contractual
reports distributed mainly under
government contracts. There is no
mailing list for this series, though many
numbers are available from the
National Technical Information Service,
Operations Division, Springfield,
Virginia 22151 , by the AD number
listed. Other inquiries about the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series should be sent to:
University of California, San Diego
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Publications
9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0233B La Jolla, California 92093-0233.
Reference numbers listed were issued
in 1992.
92-1 Buck, Eric. Research vessel handbook 1992 edition. February 1992. 42p.
92-2 Werner, B. T. and E. Merino. A model for concavity formation in eolian sand grains. February 1992. 6p.
92-3 Coastal data information program - monthly report, january 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 191 . February 1992. 170p.
92-4 Hammer, Philip Theodore Clemens. Seamount structure from seismic tomography and gravity inversion. Marine Physical Laboratory. 1991 . 150p.
92-5 lmawaki, Shire;~, Peorn P. Niiler, judy D. llleman, · William G. Large and Teresa K. Chereskin. Trajectories of longline drifters in the eastern tropical Pacific in 1983-1986. February 1989. 27p.
92-6 Coastal data information program - monthly report, February 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 192. March 1992. 176p.
92-7 Seymour, R. J. D. Castel andj. 0 . Thomas. Coastal data information program. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Sixteenth Annual Report. january 1991 Through 0&cember 1991 . Ocean Engineering Research Group. May 1992. 166p.
92-8 Walker, P. W., D. M. Newton and A. W. Mantyla. Surface water temperatures, salinities and densities at shore stations, United States West Coast, 1991 . Including fiVfffneter temperatures, salinities, and densities at Scripps Pier. Marine life Research Group. April 1992. 46p.
92-9 South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE). Chemical, physical and CTD data report. Leg 1, 23 November 1987 - 1 3 December 1 987; leg 2, 18 December 1987- 23 January 1988; Leg 3, 29 January 1988 -7 March 1988. R/V Knorr. Oceanagraphic Data Facility. (Also issued as ODF publicalion no. 231.) April 1992. 729p.
s c I P P S INSTITUTION
92-10 South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE). Chemical, physical and CTD data report. Leg 4, 7 December 1988 - 15 January 1989; Leg 5, 23 January 1989 - 8 March 1 989. R/V Melville. Oceanagraphic Data Facility. (Also issued as ODF publicalion no. 232 .) April1992. 625p.
92-11 Weiss, R. F., F. A. Van Woy and P. K. Salameh. Surface water and atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide observations by shipboard automated gos chromatography: results from expeditions between 1977 and 1990. (Also issued as Office of Health and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division publication no. 3987; Oak Ridge Notional Laboratory Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division publication no. ORNL/CDIAC-59; and numeric data package no. NDP-044.) December 1992. 144p.
92-12 McCartney, MichaelS., lynne D. Talley and Mizuki Tsuchiya. Hydras, Leg 4. Physical, chemical and CTD data, 13 March - 19 April 1989. R/V Melville. Oceanographic Data Facility. (Also issued as ODF publication no. 233.) April 1992. 190p.
92-13 Coastal data information program - monthly report, March 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary reportno. 193. April1992.183p.
92-14 O'Reilly, W. C., R. T. Guza, B. W. Waldorf, M . R. Kirk, W. A. Boyd and M. C. Clifton. Data report: Southern California wove experiment. Center for Coastal Studies. April 1992. 91 p.
92-15 Coastal data information program - monthly report, April 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Arrrry Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 194. May 1992. 175p.
92·16 Physical, chemical and biological doto: CaiCOFI Cruise 9108, 24July- 9 August 1991; CoiCOFI Cruise9110, 28 September-140ctober 1991. June 1992. 97p.
92-17 Comuelle, Bruce D., Peter F. Worcester, john A. · Hildebrand, William S. Hodgkiss, Jr., Tim F. Dudo,
Bruce M. Howe, James A. Mercer and Robert C. Spindel. Vertical slice ocean acoustic tomography at 1QOO-km range in the North PaCific Ocean. June 1992. 4~p .
92-18 Chen, GeargeChio-Jen. VLF source localization with a freely drifting acoustic sensor array. Marine Physical Laboratory. September 1992. 155p.
92-19 Coastal data information program - monthly report, May 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Arrrry Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 195.june 1992. 174p.
92-20 Physical, chemical and biological data: CoiCOFI Cruise 9202, 28 January - 13 February 1992; CalC OFI Cruise 9204, 13 - 30 April 1992. july 1992. 96p.
92-21 Coastal data information program - monthly report, June 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Arrrry Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 196. July 1 992. 17 4p.
92-22 Shields, J E., R. W. Johnson and M. E. Karr. An automated observing system for passive evaluation of cloud cover and visibility. Final report, September 1988-january 1992. Marine Physical Laboratory.) Also issued as Phillips Laboratory no. Pl-TR-92-2202.) july 1992. 38p.
92-23 Coastal data information program- monthly report, July 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 197. August 1992. 177p.
0 F OCEANOGRAPHY
61
•
62
•
92-24 Coastal dolo information program -monthly report, August 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 198. September 1992. 176p.
92-25 Canceled
92-26 Gutierrez de Velasco, Guillermo, Suzanne Shull Maddox, Paul j . Harvey and Nancy A. Bray. Gulf of /IAexico experiment, data report no. 1: August 1990 to July 1991 . fv\etearological, moored instnr ment, and sea level observations. Center for Coastal Studies. August 1992. 44p.
. 92-27 Flanigan, C~rollynn . A guide to the Henry William fv\enard papers ( 1938-1986). Manuscript Collection 18. Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. October 1992. 69p.
92-28 Coastal data information program- monthly report, September 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 199. October 1992. 178p.
92-29 Osborne, John, Ja~s Swift and Edward P. Flinchem. OceanAtlas for Mocintosh0 . A microcomputer application for examining oceanographic data. Version 2.0. December 1992. 116p.
92-30 Sdater, john G . The development of plate tectonics: a personal perspective·. A reply to a series of questions from Professor H. Frankel. October 1992.
65p.
92-31 Coastal data information program - monthly report, October 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 200. November 1992. 171p.
92-32 Given, Holly K., jonathan Berger, jean-Francois Fels, David Horwitt and Christian Winther. The IRIS..3 high resolution data acquisition system. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. December 1992. 63p.
92-33 Seymour, Richard J. and Samuel A. Massey. Improved fatigue life for moorings. Marine Research Division. December 1992. 22p.
92-34 Coastal data information program- monthly report, November 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Aimy Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 201 . December 1992. 179p.
92-35 Criqui, Nan P. Bibliography of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series . June 1993. 7p.
SEA GRANT PUBLICATIONS
The publ ications listed below unless
otherwise stated can be obtained
by writing to:
University of California, San Diego California Sea Grant College 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0232 La Jolla, California 92093-0232.
Marine Extension .
Copies of Marine Extension publ ica
tions can be obtained by writi ng to:
University of California, Davis Sea Grant Extension Davis, California 95616.
Leet, William, Christopher Dewees and Charles Haugen, Editors. California living Marine Resources and Their Utilization . UCSGEP 92-12 . 1992. 257p.
Price , Robert, Pamela Tom and Gerald Pollock. Contaminantes de los Peces. (Contaminants in Fish.) Spanish translation by Irene Tenney. UCSGEP 92-7. 1992. 2p. Revised .
Price, Robert and Pamela Tom. Environmental Conditions for Pathogenic Bacterial Growth. UCSGEP 92-1 0. 1992. 4p.
Price, Robert. Sanitizers for Food Plants. UCSGEP 92-9. 1992. 4p.
Price, Robert, Kenneth Hansgen and Gregg Langlois. Natural Marine Toxins. UCSGEP 93-2 . 1993. 2p. Revised.
Price, Robert. Spiced and Pickled Seafood. UCSGEP 93-3 . 1993. 2p. Revised .
Price, Robert. Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Pocking or Holding Human Food. UCSGEP 93-4A. 1993. 8p.
Price, Robert. FDA Fish list: Market Names of Fish. (First
edition titled, 'Menu and Advertising Guidelines.') UCSGEP 93-4B. 1993. 49p. Revised .
Sea Grant Extension Program. Seafood Training Videos. UCSGEP 93-1 1993. 2p. Third Revision .
Tom, Pamela and Robert Price. Vacuum Packages and Retort Pouches for Smoked Seafood . UCSGEP 92-5. 1992. 2p.
Tom, Pamela and Robert Price. Training and fv\erchandising ResourcesforSeofoodRetoilers. UCSGEP93-5. 1993. 14p.
Reference Series
California Seo Grant College. California Seo Grant Biennial Report of Completed Projects, 1988-1990. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.033. 1992. 252p.
California Seo Grant College. Seo Grant in California: Promoting Coastal Ocean Science and Education. A Report to the Resources Agency Seo Grant Adxisory Panel. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.034. 1993. 75p.
California Seo Grant College. California Seo Grant Program Directory. 1993-94. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP-035. 1993. 24p., 9 photographs.
California Seo Grant College. Seo Grant in California : Promoting Coastal Ocean Science and Education. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.036. 1993. 48p., 7 photographs.
California Seo Grant College. Directory of Academic Marine Programs in California . Third Edition. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.037. 1993. 81 p., 7 photographs.
Technical Series
Simpson , Jamesj. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems: Implications for Global Morine Fisheries. Sea Grant Report Number: T.CSGCP.025 . 1992. 28p.
Williams, S. l. andj. B. Zedler. Restoring Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems on the Pacific Coast: Establishing a Research Agenda. Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College at the Meeting of the Estuarine Research Federation, San Francisco, November 1991 . Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP.026. 1992. 19p.
Williams, S. l. , Editor. Kelp Bed Resources of the California Coast: Establishing a Research Agenda. Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College, Moy 27, 1992, La Jolla, California. Seo Grant Report Number KSGCP.027. 1992. 15p.
Dewees, Christopher, Coordinator. The Management and Enhancement of Seo Urchins and Other Kelp Bed Resources: A Pacific Rim Perspective. A Collection of Unedited Papers from a Conference Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College, March 19-21, 1992, Bodega Boy, California. Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP.028. 1992. 120p.
Dewees, C. and l. T. Davies, Editors. Seo Urchins, Abalone, and Kelp: Their Biology Enhancement, and Management. Summary of an International Conference Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College and the California Seo Urchin Industry Advisory CommiHee, Held March 19-21, 1992, Bodega Boy, California. Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP-029. 1992. 54p.
Price, Robert j ., Pamela D. Tom and Kenneth E. Stevenson. Ensuring Food Safety-The HACCP Way. An Introduction to HACCP and a Resource Guide for Retail Deli Managers. Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP.030. 1993. 40p.
REGENTS Ex OFFICIO
Governor of California Pete Wilson
lieutenant Governor of California leo T. McCarthy
Speaker of the Assembly Willie l. Brown, Jr.
State Superintendent of Public Instruction Vacant
President of the Alumni Association of the University of California Robert E. Murphy
Vice President of the Alumni Association of the University of California Roy Shults
President of the University J. W. Peltason
APPOINTED REGENTS
William T. Bagley Roy T. Brophy Clair W. Burgener Glenn Campbell Frank W. Clark, Jr. Ward Connerly john Davies Tirso del Junco Alice Gonzales S. Sue johnson Meredith Khachigian leo S. Kolligian Howard leach lester H. lee S. Stephen Nakashima Dean A. Watkins Harold M. Williams jacques S. Yeager
STUDENT REGENT
Darby Morrisroe
REGENTS· DESIGNATE
David Flinn Peter Preuss
fACULTY REPRESENTATIVES
Arnold Binder Daniel Simmons
OFFICERS OF THE REGENTS
President, Pete Wilson Chairman of the Boord, Howard leach Vice Chairman of the Boord, Harold Williams General Counsel, James E. Holst Secretory, Bonnie M. Smotony Treasurer, Herbert M. Gordon
CHANCELLORS
Berkeley, Chang-lin Tien Davis, Theodore l. Hullar Irvine, laurel Wilkening los Angeles, Charles E. Young Riverside, Raymond Orbach San Diego, Richard C. Atkinson San Francisco, joseph Martin Santa Barbara, Barbara S. Uehling Santa Cruz, Karl Pister
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
President, j. W. Peltason Provost and Senior Vice President
Academic Affairs, Walter E. Mossey Senior Vice President-Business and Finance,
V. Wayne Kennedy Vice President-Agriculture and
Natural Resources, Kenneth R. Farrell Vice President-University and External Relations,
William B. Baker Vice President-Health Affairs,
Cornelius l. Hopper
OFFICERS EMERITI
President of the University, Emeritus; and Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus
Clark Kerr President of the University, Emeritus; and Professor of Economics, Emeritus
Charles J. Hitch President of the University, Emeritus; and Professor of Physics, Emeritus
Cklvid S. Saxon Vice President of the University, Emeritus; Professor of Agricultural Economics, Emeritus; and Agricultural Economist, Emeritus ·
Harry R. Wellman
SCRIPPS I NSTITUTION
University Provost, Emeritus; Chancellor at Santo Cruz, Emeritus; an·d Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus
Angus E. Taylor Vice President-Financial and Business Management, Emeritus; and Professor of Pathology, Emeritus
Baldwin G. Lamson Vice President-Budget Plans and Relations, Emeritus
Thomas E. jenkins Vice President-Physical Planning and Construction, Emeritus
Elmo R. Morgan Assistant President, Emeritus
Dorothy E. Everett University Auditor, Emeritus
Norman H. Gross Secretory of the Regents, Emeritus
Marjorie J. Woolman Associate Secretory of the Regents, Emeritus
Elizabeth 0 . Hansen Treasurer of the Regents, Emeritus
Owsley B. Hammond General Counsel of the Regents, Emeritus
Thomosj . Cunn ingham Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Animal Science, Emeritus
James H. Meyer Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Biology
Robert L. Sinsheimer Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Statistics, Emeritus
Albert H. Bowker Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Political Science, Emeritus
Ivan H. Hinderoker Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Comparative Government, Emeritus
Dean E. McHenry Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of law, Emeritus
Ira Michael Heyman Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Anatomy, Emeritus
Franklin Murphy
0 F OCEA~OG R APHY
63
•
64
•
BUTLER KING COUPER, JR.
June 1993 Butler K. Couper, Jr. received an M .S. degree at Scripps in 1948 and worked for the U.S. Navy, Bureau of Ships.
FRANK G. 'Bos' FISH
April 1993 Bob Fish was a senior chief engineer at Scripps. He joined Scripps as an oiler in 1961 and rose rapidly to his position as senior chief engineer. Fish was instrumental in planning the 1989-92 refit of R/V Melville . .
FRANK HUBENKA
April1993 Fronk Hubenka started work as a shipboard electronics technician at Scripps in 1965. He joined the Shipboard Geophysical Group in 1969 and remained there until his retirement in 1986.
FINN WAU<ER OUTLER
October 1992 In 1943, Finn W. Outler joined the support staH of UC Division of War Research. Carl Eckart brought him to Scripps in 1946 to work as Technical Superintendent for the Morine Physical laboratory IMPLI. Outler worked at MPL and Marine Facilities until his retirement
in 1968.