screeninguri_preventive.pps

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1999 - 2000 LifeLong Health TM 1

Preventive ExamsPrepared by Don Hall, DrPH, CHES


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Preventive Exams

Health exams need to be done regularly to be

effective. How often you have them depends

on your

Age and gender

Current health status/risks

Your preventive care should include health

and lifestyle counseling that also takes into

account your age, gender, current health, and

health risks.


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Preventive Exams - Women

The health issues of

concern for a 55-year-

old woman include

osteoporosis

breast cancer

heart disease.

Good preventivecounseling would

include information on:

Maintaining strong bones

Screening for breast

cancer

Blood tests forcholesterol

Weight management tips

Physical activity

guidelines

Good eating habits


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Components of a Good

Preventive Exam


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Basic Health Tests

Health history

Physical exam

Weight check including Height and weight

Body mass index (BMI) Healthy range 18.5-24.9

Overweight 25+ Obese 30+

Underweight < 18.5

Waist girth, high risk: women 35+ inches/men 40+ inches


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Health Tests Continued

Blood pressure check Less than 135/85 recommended (140/90+ is high BP)

Cholesterol check Total cholesterol, less than 200 recommended

HDL cholesterol, men 45+, women 55+

Blood sugar test, recommended for people age

40+ (earlier if high risk). A fasting test of 110+ indicates impaired glucose tolerance

126+ indicates diabetes


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Colorectal Cancer Check

About 130,000 people will get

colon cancer this year and some

56,000 will die from it.

The American Cancer Society

recommends everyone age 50+have

- a yearly test for blood in the

stool

- a flexible sigmoidoscopy and

digital rectal exam every 5years, or

- a colonoscopy and digital

exam every 10 years

People at High Risk

1. Family history of hereditary

polyposis (numerous polyps in

the colon).

2. Longstanding ulcerative

colitis.

3. History of colon cancer in a

parent or sibling.

4. Personal history of largepolyps.

5. Prior history of endometrial,

ovarian, or breast cancer.


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Pap Test for Women A regular Pap test helps detect early

signs of cervical cancer.

About 14,500 new cases and 4,800

deaths from invasive cervical cancerhappen each year.

The American Cancer Society

recommends

An annual Pap test for all women who

are sexually active, or 18+ years old

After 3 normal consecutive tests, and if

low risk, less frequent tests may be OK;

ask your doctor

Women at

High Risk

1. Sexually active at

early age2. Multiple sex

partners

3. Cigarette smoking

4. African-American

women


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Mammogram for Women

175,000 breast cancer

cases are expected this

year and 43,000 deaths

Recommendation ACS

- breast self-exam monthly, 20+

- clinical breast exam every 3

years at age 20+, yearly after 40

- mammogram yearly after 40(the Amer. Geriatric Society

recommends every 2-3 years

after 65)

Women at High Risk

1. Family history of breast

cancer (mother, sister)2. Over 30 and no births

3. Obesity

4. Personal history of

ovarian or endometrialcancer

5. High alcohol intake


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1999 - 2000 LifeLong HealthTM

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Immunizations

All children should be up-

to-date on immunizations

Adults should have:

tetanus shot every 10 years

people 65+ need a pneu-

monia shot every 10 years

annual flu shots are

recommended for all over65 (or for anyone who

doesnt want the flu)

Childrens Immunizations

Hepatitis B

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

(DTP)

H. influenza type b

Poliovirus

Rotavirus (a major cause of

sporadic, acute enteritis in

infants)

Measles, mumps, rubella(MMR)

Varicella (chickenpox)


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Hearing and Vision Check

Hearing The doctor should inquire about

hearing loss

Hearing tests should be done

when appropriate

If you have hearing loss, you

should be counseled on the

availability of treatment and

treatment options

You should be referred for

treatment when appropriate

Vision Periodic vision testing is

recommended, as needed,

especially past age 40 (moreoften in elderly)

Vision checks should include

screenings for

glaucoma

retinal problems (regularly

in diabetics)

cataracts


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Dental Exams

Visit a dental care provider on

a regular basis (as recom-

mended by your dentist)

Good dental exams include

counseling on daily brushing using a fluoride

tooth paste

daily flossing good nutrition

avoid frequent snacking

get adequate calcium

eat lots of fruits & veggies

Sign in a Dentist Off ice

You dont have to floss

all your teeth, just theones you want

to keep.


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Lifestyle Assessment

and CounselingEffective interventions that addresspersonal health practices

are likely to lead to substantial reductions in the incidence and

severity of the leading causes of disease and disability in theU.S. Primary prevention as it relates to such risk factors as

smoking, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, alcohol and other

drug abuse, and inadequate attention to safety precautions

holds greater promise for improving overall health than many

secondary preventive measures such as routine screening for

early disease.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force


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Lifestyle Counseling

Areas That Need Counseling Substance use

Tobacco use/exposure

Alcohol/drug use andabuse, especially as it

relates to

driving

swimming

boating after use

Smoking is the leading cause

of preventable death in the

United States.

People exposed regularly tosecondhand smoke have a

25% greater lifetime risk of

dying from heart disease.


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Diet and Exercise Saturated fat and

cholesterol in the diet

Intake of fruits and

vegetables, 5+ per day

Whole-grain breads and

cereals, 6+ per day

Adequate calcium intake,

especially in teens (1,300mg/day) and postmeno-

pausal women (1,200

mg/day)

Weight management

Regular physical activity

Everybody needs toaccumulate at least 30

minutes of moderate

intensity physical activity

on most, preferably all,

days of the week.

CDC and American College

of Sports Medicine


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Injury Prevention Use lap/shoulder belt in

the car

Wear helmets when bikingor roller bladding

Install smoke detectors in

sleeping areas

Ensure safe storage orremoval of firearms in the

home

Fall prevention strategies

with elderly in the home

shower/tub hand grips using a cane or walker

hand rails

adequate lighting

exercise programs tostrengthen muscles,

improve gait, balance


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Sexual Behavior Preventing sexually

transmitted disease

(STDs) Preventing AIDS

Preventing unintended

pregnancies

Current Trends

Approximately 3

million teens contractan STD each year in

the United States.

About 1 million teens

get pregnant each

year.


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Womens Health Issues Healthy pregnancies

Good nutrition and

taking folic acid during

child-bearing years

Avoiding smoking and

alcohol use

Hormone replacement

issues after menopause

Good bone health


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Mental/Emotional Health Needs Stress and coping

Depression

Overall happiness andsatisfaction with life

Emotional concerns

worry, fear, anger,

resentment, anxiety

Spiritual concerns

Signs of Depression

Depressed most most of the day

Change in appetite or weight loss

Sleep patterns upset Loss of interest in things that

used to give you pleasure

Loss of energy, feel worn out

Feel worthless or excessive guilt

Find it difficult to concentrate orthink clearly

Often feel agitated or lethargic

Keep thinking of death or suicide


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Opportunity for Questions

Its important that you understand any health

problem you have

ask for clarification if needed ask for specific guidance, what you should do

ask for help in making lifestyle changes

Work in partnership with your doctorbe a team

player

Take charge of your health and achieve your goal

of health and wellness


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END

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