screening & brief alcohol intervention: level 2: session 3 extended brief intervention
TRANSCRIPT
Screening & Brief Alcohol intervention:
Level 2: session 3
Extended brief intervention
Background – clinical context
Case finding
Negative screenCongratulate/check awareness
Positive ScreenPossible dependence
Assess further, refer on
Assess interest/motivation
No interest – offer PILKeep door open for future
Interest/ hazardous drinkerSimple structured advice
Interest/ harmful drinkermotivational counselling
Motivational extended brief intervention
• Accords with broad principles of patient centred practice
• Motivational approach to behaviour change counselling not Motivational interviewing
• Based on Health Behaviour Change: A Guide for Practitioners Rollnick, S., Mason, P. & Butler, C. (1999)
• Following ‘How Much is Too Much’ – Level 2
• Longer 2-3 hour skill-based training session by Dr. Malcolm Thomas on Promoting effective behaviour change
Patient centred practice- key ingredients
• Both are experts
• disease and illness
• person in a context
• finding common ground
• mutual decision making
Patient presents problem
Gathering information
Parallel search of two frameworks
Disease framework
Doctor’s agenda:Doctor’s agenda:• Symptoms• Signs• Investigations• Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosisDifferential diagnosis
Illness framework
Patient’s agenda:Patient’s agenda:• Ideas• Concerns• Expectations• Feelings
Understanding theUnderstanding thepatient’s uniquepatient’s uniqueexperience of experience of illnessillness
Integration of the two frameworks
Shared understanding & decision makingShared understanding & decision making
Patient centred practice - active listening
What I say What I hear
What I mean or feel
What I understand
patient practitioner
assumptions
• This person ought to change
• this person wants to change
• patient’s health is motivation
• no change=failure• either do or don’t
• Now is the right time• being tough is best• I know - my advice is
good• negotiation is always
best
Check out the assumptions
Identify which two are the most interesting and discuss in groups of
three or four ( 10 mins)
Motivational interviewing
• ‘client-centred , directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence’ Miller & Rollnick 2002
Principles of MI
1. Express empathy
2. Develop discrepancy
3. Avoid argumentation
4. Roll with resistance
5. Support self-efficacy
Behaviour change counselling
• ‘ways of structuring a conversation which maximises the individual’s freedom to talk and think about change in an atmosphere free of coercion and the provision of premature solutions’ Rollnick et al. 1999
Three broad stages in BCC
• Assessing readiness
• Weighing up pros and cons
• Determining action - moving patients on
Assessing Readiness
Importance + Confidence = Readiness
Importance of changing drinking
On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 10 (very important), what number would you give yourself right now?
Why are you here and not higher? Or lower?
What would need to happen for you to get to a higher point?
How can I help you get from where you are now to a higher number?
Confidence about changing drinking
On a scale of 0 (not at all) to 10 (very confident), what number would you give yourself right now?
Why are you here and not higher? Or lower?
What would need to happen for you to get to a higher point?
How can I help you get from where you are now to a higher number?
Weighing up the pros and cons of drinking
Determining action
• Identifying reasons for change
• Setting achievable goals
• Recognising difficult times/situations
• Prepare for difficult times/situations
• Finding support
• Sticking to goals
Discussion
• Trying out components
• Feedback
• What about patients who need more?
Referral (1)
• Patients should be referred to specialist services who:
• show a relatively high level of alcohol dependence or alcohol-related harm
• are harmful drinkers who have not benefited from brief counselling and wish to receive further help for their alcohol problems
Referral (2)
• can be defined as score of 20+ on the full AUDIT
• obvious signs of physical dependence (e.g. withdrawal symptoms, withdrawal relief or avoidance drinking, very high tolerance, blackouts)
• severe alcohol-related problems or risk of such problems (e.g. possible loss of job, family, etc.)
• score on recognised measure of dependence (e.g. 10-item Leeds Dependence Questionnaire)