scouting and fungicides
DESCRIPTION
Scouting and Fungicides. Jeff Miller. Scouting for Disease. Can be used to determine when to apply fungicides When needed instead of “just because” Very useful for late blight Not applicable for some diseases Rhizoctonia Pink rot White mold Early blight. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Scouting andFungicides
Jeff Miller
Scouting for Disease
• Can be used to determine when to apply fungicides– When needed instead of “just because”
• Very useful for late blight• Not applicable for some diseases– Rhizoctonia– Pink rot– White mold– Early blight
Principles of ScoutingPages 142-144
1. Examine every field2. Take a directed sample (altered from book)3. Sample across the entire field4. “Take” enough samples5. Keep good records
Fungicides
What is a Fungicide?
Any substance or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating fungal pests.
Definition adapted from the Environmental Protection Agencywww.epa.gov/pesticides/
Think of Fungicides as Crop Medicines
Fungicides for Use in Potato
• Soil fumigant• Seed treatments• Soil-applied products• Foliar-applied products• Post-harvest applications
Soil Fumigation – Shank Injection
Soil Fumigation – Chemigation
• Chemical injected through water.
• Sensitive to drift by wind.
• Large buffer zones necessary.
Potato Seed Treatment
• Dust, liquid, or both• Dust– Alder, fir bark– 6% MZ– Worker hazard
• Liquid ST– Low volumes (e.g. 4 fl oz/cwt)
Seed Treatment Equipment
Examples from Milestone Equipment catalog.
Dust Liquid
Soil-Applied Fungicides
• Incorporated during row-markout– Broadcast – incorporated– Banded in the row
• In-furrow at planting– Low volume (~5 gpa)– Banded over the seed piece
Foliar Applications
1. Aerial– Airplane– Helicopter
2. Chemigation– Injection in water
3. Ground
Foliar Application Comparisons
Chemigation Aerial
Cost/acre $1.50-2.50 $7.00-9.00
Spray Volume ~ 4500 gallons (0.10-0.15”) 5-10 gallons
Labor (grower) High Very low
Residue in canopy Low* High*
Estimated usage 40-45% 45-50%
Canopy residue is lower with chemigation, but distribution is more uniform.
Post-Harvest Fungicides• After harvest, prior to placement in storage• Few fungicides labeled– Thiabendazole– Phosphorous acid– “Disinfectants”
• During storage• Applied as a volatilized product through plenums– “Disinfectants”– Phosphorous acid
Disinfect vs. Disinfest
Miller Research LLC
Ozone
Pesticide Labels
When used according to the label, pesticides will not cause unreasonable harm to the environment.
The label is the law as to how a product can be used.