SciMeasure Wavefront Sensor Camerasand their Application in the

5m Palomar Adaptive Optics System

SciMeasure Analytical Systems, Inc.Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Garry Motter

Emory University, Department of PhysicsRay DuVarney*

NASA/JPL, Palomar AO TeamRich Dekany, Mitch Troy, Gary Brack

* has a financial interest in SciMeasure Analytical Systems, Inc.

History

1992 GTRIJim Beletic, Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Mike Adkins, Tom Collins

MIT/LLCCID11

1994 Photon InstrumentsJim Beletic, Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Mike Adkins, Tom Collins

MIT/LLCCID11

1996 SciMeasure (NASA/JPL)Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Mike Adkins

MIT/LLCCID19

1997 SciMeasure (SBIR Phase I)Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Mike Adkins

EEVCCD39

1998 SciMeasure (SBIR Phase II)Ray DuVarney, Charlie Bleau, Garry Motter

EEVCCD39

Camera System Overview

Camera Control Unit

Power Supply

Camera Head

CCD Enclosure

Clocks

Biases

TEC

Video

1.2 Ghz Bi-directional Control/data Fiber-optic Link

RS-232 Control

Halt Signal

RS-170 Video

Data Out

4 12-bit Data Ports

Overflow/handshake Port (SOF/SOL/DRDY)

Stopped Status

FIBER COMM & DATAREALTIME DISPLAYGRAPHICS DISPLAY

VIDEO OVERLAYDATA CAPTURE

SEQUENCER

+5V DIGITAL±12V ANALOG

+24V ANALOG

CLOCK DRIVERSFIBER COMM & DATAANALOG PROCESSOR

PREAMPLIFIERCCD

4-3

Sequencer

Address Bus

Data Bus

Programs Subroutines Patterns

11-12 8-12 8-12

15 15 158 8

24

8

8-bit 8-bit 32-bit

8

7-3 7-3

Address Generator

Addr

Mux

32K

Static

RAM

Data

Mux

Addr

Mux

32K

Static

RAM

Data

Mux

Addr

Mux

32K

Static

RAM

Data

Mux

Address Generator

50 MHz Clock

ISA Bus Inter-face

Data

O/P

Address Generator

Ext.Select & Sync

Sequencer Programming

Programs

Subroutines

Patterns

define program 0; # 1100 Hz Nominal

subroutine start_of_frame; repeat 32; subroutine read_line; end repeat; repeat 2; subroutine integrate; end repeat;end define;

define subroutine read_line;

pattern send_start_of_line 1; pattern shift_line 1; pattern wait 10; pattern shift_pixel 17; pattern read_pixel 32;

end define;

define pattern read_pixel;

## t = /turbo, c = /clamp, S = sample, V = *DCAV# RG IA BS OR xxx t c S CCCC FV xx# 123 123 123 0123

0 010 010 010 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 010 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 1 010 010 010 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 010 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 010 000 0 0 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 010 000 1 0 1 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 010 000 1 0 1 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 010 000 1 0 1 1111 01 00; #

0 010 010 001 000 1 0 1 0000 01 00; # 0 010 010 001 000 1 0 1 0011 01 00; # 0 010 010 001 000 1 0 1 1000 01 00; # 0 010 010 001 000 0 0 1 0100 01 00; # 0 010 010 001 000 0 0 1 1100 01 00; # 0 010 010 001 000 0 0 1 0010 01 00; # 0 010 010 001 000 0 0 1 1010 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 0 1 0110 01 00; #

0 010 010 100 000 0 0 1 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 0 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; # 0 010 010 100 000 0 1 0 1111 01 00; #

end define;

Fiber Link

CAMERA CONTROL UNIT (CCU)

CAMERA HEAD UNIT (CHU)

FilterOffsetGain

CCD ClocksClampSampleTurbo

Digital Video Ports

Digital Data Ports

External Sequencer Data

1.2 Ghz Bidirectional Control/data Fiber-optic Link

MUX

MUX

DEMUX

DEMUX

ONBOARDSEQUENCER TRANS-

CEIVERONBOARD SCANCONVERTER

TEMP/VACUUMSTATUS, ETC

DATA

TRANS-CEIVER

CONTROL

CLOCKS

Preamplifier Board

A=5

75 ohm drivers

Video Outputs

Temperature

CCD Clocks

CCD Biases

TEC Power

Clock Filters

Bias Filters

TEC Filters

CCD Peltier Pack

Analog Processor

8

2

2

Sample

Offset

Clamp

VideoGain

Filter

Turbo

Data

1 of 4 channels

75 ohms

HIGH SPEED SHUNT

TIME CONST. 1 of 4

GAIN 1 of 4

CLAMP

OFFSET

A/D

Data Output/Display/Capture

Data

R

G

B

S

RS-170Video

DataStream

RealtimeDataPorts

ISA Bus

Data Capture Card

Realtime Display Card

Fiber Link Card

1 MEGAPIXEL DUAL PORT STATIC RAM

ISA BUS INTERFACE

RS-422

STATIC RAM

REALTIME SCAN

CONVERTER

INTERNAL SCAN

CONVERTER

DEMUX

Control Panel

Noise(e-)

Pixel Rate(/sec/port)

Frame Rate(/sec)

3.0 @ 80 kpix 50

3.5 @ 178 kpix 110

5.9 @ 1.14 Mpix 550

7.5 @ 2.00 Mpix 1100

Camera Performance

EEV CCD39 - 64x64 pixel frame size - Read Noise calculated from Photon Transfer curveMIT/LL CCID19 achieved 6.5 e- @ 1.1 Mpix/sec/port and 600 frames/sec

Future Camera Overview I

Control Unit

Power Supply

Camera Head

CCD Enclosure

Clocks

Biases

TEC

Video

1.2 Ghz Bi-directional Control/data Fiber-optic Link

RS-232 ControlHalt Signal

Data Out/Handshake

16-bit Data Ports

SOF/SOL/DRDYStopped Status

FIBER COMM/DEMUX

POWER/BIASES

CONTROLLER/SEQUENCER

CLOCK DRIVERSFIBER COMM/MUXANALOG PROCESSOR(S)

12, 14 or 16-bit options

PREAMPLIFIERCCD

160 mm 3U cards

160 mm 3U cards

DATA OUTPUT

Future Camera Overview II

Power SupplyCamera Head

CCD Enclosure

Clocks

Biases

TEC

Video

RS-232 ControlHalt Signal

16-bit Data Ports &

SOF/SOL/DRDY

Stopped StatusPOWER/BIASES

CONTROLLER/SEQUENCER

CLOCK DRIVERSANALOG PROCESSOR(S)

12, 14 or 16-bit options

PREAMPLIFIERCCD

160 mm 3U cards

DATA OUTPUT

Palomar AO System

PALAO Performance

PALAO Results

PALAO Results

AO Loop Open FWHM = 1.2"

AO Loop Closed FWHM = 0.097" (Strehl = 20%)

QS Aql (HR 7486) Binary Star

with 0.185"

Separation

PALAO Results

Trapezium Cluster in the Orion Nebula

The left image was taken with the AO system off; the seeing was about 1 arcsec. With the AO system locked on Theta 1 Ori C (brightest star), the stellar images were about 0.2" across, with the brightest stars saturated. Each image is represents approximately 40 arcsec x 40 arcsec field.

Acknowledgements

•SBIR Phase I Grant NAS8-97195

•SBIR Phase II Grant NAS8-98081

•Jim Beletic and the ESO Optical Detector Team

•Mike Shao - Director, Interferometry Center of Excellence, NASA/JPL

•Eric Bloemhof - Mt. Palomar Observatory

•Horace Dale - Physics Dept, Emory University