science/technology implementation committee good morning andwelcome christie brownbill corrigandick...

Science/TechnologyScience/Technology

ImplementationImplementation

CommitteeCommittee

Good MorningGood Morning

AndAnd

WelcomeWelcome

Christie Brown Bill Corrigan Dick Esdale Jan Novak Phil Ritchie

Science/TechnologyImplementationCommittee

THE CARDIAC PUMP(Heart and circulatory system)

Target audience: 1st year of cycle two

Team or individual work:

2

Class time required: 8 - 60 minute periods

Educational AimAllow the student to learn about the heart’s function by the study and fabrication of objects that resemble a pump.The student will be required to make a pump model and to build a mechanism that will activate this pump. The student will establish similarities between the object he studied, the object he built and the cardiac apparatus.Recommended step(s): Analysis and design

Targeted disciplinary competencies:C-1 : Seeks answers or solutions to scientific or technological problemsC-2 : Makes the most of his/her knowledge of science and technologyC-3 : Communicates in the languages used in science and technologyThe student is at the heart of a process that will allow him to develop these three disciplinary competencies. He/she will have to take into account the constraints associated with the fabrication of his mechanism (specifications, construction of mechanism from existing components, interpretation of technical drawings). He/she will have to ponder the function of a technical object.

Targeted cross-curricular competencies :Adopting effective work methods is at the heart of this learning situation. The student will have to evaluate the available resources, anticipate the steps to come, readjust his/her actions as needed and complete the task. He/she must judge his methods and justify his/her choices.

OVERVIEW OF THE TASK

Broad Area of Learning

Health and Well-BeingDevelopment Axis: Awareness of the impact of his/her choices on health and well-beingThe introduction to the matter is made by the analysis of a technical object to bring about the understanding of the heart’s workings. Deficiencies in the components of this organ result in serious health problems.

Compulsory concept(s)

LIVING WORLD:Circulatory system Functions of blood constituents (plasma, formed elements)Compatibility of blood typesMATERIAL WORLD:Compressible and incompressible fluidsPressurePressure/volume relationshipTECHNOLOGICAL WORLD:Exploded viewCuts and sectionsStandards and representationsTypical mechanical part linksFunction, components and use of transmission of motion

Cultural references Pumping systems;The artificial heart

Possible evaluation: The student booklet can easily allow the teacher to judge the development of disciplinary competency 1. The steps worked through in the student booklet allow the evaluation of this competency. Direct observation during the laboratory design stages may also be prescribed.An evaluation framework of competency 1 is suggested with the task.

Global context:Students are invited to analyse a water pistol. They must attempt to establish the scientific principles and organization of components allowing the water to be expelled from the apparatus in order to, in the end, establish links between this object and the heart.

Learning situation:The cardiac pump(Introduced by the analysis of technical objects)

For more information, see also


Overview

Water Pistol Analysis

Build a pump

Activation Mechanism

Linking to Human Heart

Co-operative Assignment

Applied Path General Path


General Science and Technology

Team A

Cardiologist Engineer

Nutritionist Trainer

General Science and Technology

Cooperative Assignment

Cardiologists’ mandate:1- Identify the elements that make up the circulatory system, identify the structures that make up each element of the system and determine their adequate function.

2- Make a schematic representation of the circulatory system within the reality of the human body. The direction of flow, type of blood, type of blood vessel and the affected organs must be shown.

Engineers’ Mandate:1- Identify the missing structure on the model of pump

presented.

2- After studying the diagrams of 4 existing pumps, choose a technological solution to make this pump functional and efficient. Your solution must be accompanied by a principle and construction diagram.

3- Diagram your solution beginning from when the presented pump starts. Your solution must be watertight. Different solutions may be detailed within this work group and brought back to your original team!

Trainers’ mandate: 1- Identify, by physical exercise, the best conditions

in which to maintain the circulatory system’s health long term. (Cardiac muscle, blood vessels’ elasticity, blood’s fluidity). List exercises and effects of these on the circulatory system.

2- Determine what steps to follow to get this system back in shape, to maintain or even improve its shape.

3- Keep in mind the physical condition and lifestyles of each targeted group. Detail and present an action plan that will be both interesting and stimulating for each group.

Nutritionists’ team:1- Identify on a nutritional level, the necessary

conditions to maintain, long-term, good function of the circulatory system. (Cardiac muscle, blood vessels’ elasticity, blood’s fluidity). List of foods and functions of these. Choice of healthy menu.

2- Determine the steps to follow to maintain, improve

or get the circulatory system back into shape. Propose an action plan that is both interesting and stimulating, in order to bring desired changes on the nutritional habits of the targeted groups.

Applied Science and Technology


Student Booklet

Context:

These days, many objects necessitate pumping apparatus: automobile, pool, sprayer, syringe. The matter that we pump may be liquid or gaseous.


Student Booklet Pg: 2

Our heart is in itself a system that uses a pump.

Our body must allow the blood to circulate throughout all our organs and cells. The only way it can travel is to be pumped.



Mandate:

1) Study the workings of a water pistol in order to understand how a pump functions.

2) Build a pump from the supplied information (exploded view drawing, manufacturing range).

3) Design an activation mechanism connected to the pump you have built, using systems of transmission or transformation of motion.

4) Establish similarities and differences between the water pistol you studied, the pumping system you manufactured and the workings of the cardiac system.



1 Tubes 4 Handle2 Water conduit 5 Reservoirs3 Trigger 6 Pump

6

HERE IS A WATER PISTOL


Study the workings of a water pistol in order to understand how a pump functions.




A) What do you know about how it works?

B) The questions I ask myself about how it works and my assumptions…




HERE IS A PHOTO OF THE INTERIOR MECHANISM (#6) OF THE WATER PISTOL

The photo on the right represents the conduits allowing the water to circulate inside the water pistol. When I pull the trigger, why does the water go in only one direction?




Complete the diagram to show what happens inside the conduits, at first when you pull the trigger, then when you release it.

Make assumptions by sketching on a separate sheet of paper and write your final proposal in this space. Use the legends necessary to the explanation of the principle of its function.

1 Tubes2 Water conduit3 Trigger4 Handle5 Reservoirs6 Pump


Trigger PullTrigger Release



Carefully disassemble your water pistol.

Sketch and label what you find at each stage of disassembly:

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3


Reverse Engineering - Stage 1Reverse Engineering - Stage 1

http://www2.cslaval.qc.ca/cdp/UserFiles/File/previews/injection_moulding.swf

How The Parts Are Created – The Injection Molding ProcessHow The Parts Are Created – The Injection Molding Process

http://www2.cslaval.qc.ca/cdp/UserFiles/File/previews/injection_moulding.swf



Here now is what we find inside the water pistol.

With the help of the diagram and picture, describe your understanding of how the pumping system works.


PowerPoint animation

Animation from CDP

Sources:

http://www2.cslaval.qc.ca/cdp/UserFiles/File/previews/pistoleau.swf

http://www2.cslaval.qc.ca/cdp/UserFiles/File/previews/pistoleau.swf

F

Muscular energy is transformed into linear motion.

Spring is compressed transforming kinetic energy into potential energy

The piston applies pressure to the water in the piston chamber.

Click to begin animation


1) The pressure forces the water in the bottom of the piston chamber down, pushing the lower valve down, closing this end of the pump, preventing the water from flowing in this direction.

2) The pressure forces the water in the top of the piston chamber up, lifting the upper valve up, opening this end of the pump, permitting the water to flow in this direction.

F

1

2


F

Compressed spring expands.

Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy resulting in linear motion

Piston movement creates a lower pressure in the piston chamber.


1) The water in the upper conduit tries to flow back, forcing the upper valve down, thus preventing the water from flowing backwards

Click to continue animation

2) The water in the lower conduit begins to move up because of atmospheric pressure, forcing the lower valve up, permitting the water to flowing up into the piston chamber.

F

1

2


F


How Valves Regulate the Flow of Water in a Water Pistol.Name: ____________________________

Instruction:In each phase of the trigger movement, add the valves in their correct position, and arrows to show the flow of water.

Explanation

Trigger moving in, pushed by muscular force.

Trigger moving out, pushed by spring.


Nozzle

Tubes

F) How can the water spray so far? (Scientific principle in question in the workings of the object). Suggest an explanation.


Mandate:








2) Build a Pump From The Supplied Information (exploded view drawing, manufacturing range).

(See Booklet )- Instructions for the Fabrication of the Pump

(See Booklet )- Diagrams, technical drawings and scales


2) Build a Pump From The Supplied InformationSome Tips and Techniques.

Step 22 – The push stick is the same stick used later to create your piston.

Steps 10 – 12 The cutting of material has been done for you to save time

Step 23 – Note the Basin Washer has a flat side and a concave side.

Step 21 – You should test assemble your valves before gluing, in case you need to make changes.


2) Build a Pump From The Supplied Information

Step 41 – Drilling in plastic. Apply pressure very slowly otherwise the plastic may crack or shatter

Steps 30 – The Lower Valve. Note the steps are not exactly the same as the upper valve.

Step 52 – Stretch the balloon to remove as much slack as possible.

Step 21, 25, 32, 37 – Using Hot Glue. Your glue seals must be air tight.

Some Tips and Techniques.

The next 10 slides cover all the steps in the

Instructions for the Fabrication of the Pump

Click here to jump these slides

They are included should a teacher wish to go over all the steps with students before they begin to build.

20 - Valve preparation

21 - Lightly sand all the translucent polyethylene tubes so that the glue will create a better bond with the acrylic tubes.

22 - Before applying any glue, insure all parts can be properly assembled and fit together.

23 - The push stick is the same stick used later to create your piston.

24 - A wet “O” ring will slide more easily into the acrylic tubing.

31 - Insert the 20mm translucent polyethylene tube half way into the acrylic tube and glue in place with the hot glue gun

This now forms a Stop.

30 - Upper Valve

32 - Insert an O-Ring and press it firmly against the Stop tube glued in step 31.

A wet “O” ring will slide more easily into the acrylic tubing.

33 - Using the same method, press the flat side of the Basin Washer firmly against the O-Ring.

Note: the Basin Washer has a flat side and a concave side.

34 - Use a second O-Ring to trap the Basin Washer and press firmly in place.

35 - Insert the Ball Bearing, and press with the Push Stick until it is completely seated on the O-Ring.

Check the seal, by blowing into the tube.

36 - Insert the second translucent polyethylene tube 20 mm into the acrylic tube and glue in place.

This now forms a 10 - 15 mm chamber in which the ball bearing can move.

Each valve chamber should be long enough to allow the ball bearing to move freely up and down.

41 - Insert the second 40 mm translucent polyethylene tube about 20 mm into the 40 mm acrylic tube and glue in place.

This now forms a Stop

42 - Using a push stick, firmly seat an O-Ring against the Stop glued in step 41.

A wet “O” ring will slide more easily into the acrylic tubing.

40 - Lower Valve

43 - In the same way, seat the flat side of the Basin Washer firmly against the O-Ring.

Note: the Basin Washer has a flat side and a concave side.

44 - Use a second O-Ring to trap the Basin Washer and press firmly in place.

45 - Insert the Ball Bearing, and press with the Push Stick until it is completely seated on the O-Ring.

Check the seal, by blowing into the tube

46 - Insert the second translucent polyethylene tube 10 mm into the acrylic tube and glue in place.

This now forms a 10 - 15 mm chamber in which the ball bearing can move. Each valve chamber should be long enough to allow the ball bearing to move freely up and down.

51 - Using a clamp to hold the container, gently drill a 5/8 in. diameter hole with a Drill Press.

When drilling into plastic apply a very gentle force to avoid cracking of the plastic

50 - The Container50 - The Container

Drill the container as close to the bottom as possible

52 - Insert the two valves in the holes in the container

53 - Before gluing, the area around the perforated openings of the plastic container should also be slightly sanded to create an airtight seal.

Carefully glue the two valves to the container to insure an airtight seal.

Glue can be applied to the outside and inside of the container.

Do not use a lot of glue. A thin well placed strip of glue is usually enough.

For best adherence surfaces should be dry.

61 - Cut an average sized vinyl balloon as shown in the photo.

60 - Membrane

62 - Stretch the balloon and wrap it around lip of the container.

Your Turn to Build Your Model PumpYour Turn to Build Your Model Pump

Mandate:








Student Booklet.

Heart Pump Activation Mechanism

THE CARDIAC PUMPTHE CARDIAC PUMP(Heart and circulatory system)

SPECIFICATIONS REGARDING THE DESIGN OF A MECHANISMSPECIFICATIONS REGARDING THE DESIGN OF A MECHANISM TO ACTIVATE THE PUMPTO ACTIVATE THE PUMP

Global function (service function)

- The activation mechanism must simulate the muscular contraction that activates the cardiac pump.

Human aspect, the mechanism must:

- Be easy to use;- Be manually activated by an input made up of a crank or wheel that

rotates 360°;

Physical aspect, the activation mechanism must:

- Be made from durable materials;- Be affixed to a pre-built frame, placed on a horizontal surface;


SPECIFICATIONS REGARDING THE DESIGN OF A MECHANISMSPECIFICATIONS REGARDING THE DESIGN OF A MECHANISM TO ACTIVATE THE PUMPTO ACTIVATE THE PUMP

Technical aspect, the activation mechanism must:

- Be equipped with a mechanism to transform and/or transmit motion;- Allow for regular, efficient pumping requiring the least amount of

effort;- Use the pegboard, as is, to affix the mechanical components;- Be assembled in such a way as to allow for certain parts to be

replaced in case of breakage;

Industrial aspect, the activation mechanism must:

- Be able to be entirely built in a science and technology laboratory of the 2nd cycle of secondary school;

- Be entirely built with the available materials and with the raw materials put at your disposal. Note: Pressure-tack, adhesive tape and elastics are not allowed as technical connections.

Economic aspect, the cost of the mechanism must:

- Be less to $4.00. Student Booklet Pg: 2

DESIGN STEPS FOR THE ACTIVATION MECHANISMDESIGN STEPS FOR THE ACTIVATION MECHANISM

Student Booklet Pg: 4-5

1. Outline my problem in terms of my specificationsKeep in mind available resources.

What do I have to do?

What do I have to work with?

2. From what will I get inspiration?How will it work? How will I build it?

Initial steps in planning

Overall design

Individual components



3. Draw the chosen solution and justify construction choices. Construction diagram



4. Construction details for the different components of my mechanism (Links, guides, materials used...) as drawings.

5. Manufacturing steps, design problems and adjustments during construction? (Materials, links, guides, tools…)

During The Build – Maintaining a Log / Journal

Description of the stages I will go through to build my mechanism

Construction problems and adjustments made during the manufacturing of my mechanism.



6. Testing of my prototype in terms of its efficiency and improvements to be made.

Tests carried out and results obtained

Improvements

Time to Build Your Heart Pump Activation Mechanism.

Click here to view some possible solutions:

Mandate:








THE CARDIAC PUMPTHE CARDIAC PUMP(Heart and circulatory system)

Some resources with animations:

http://www2.cslaval.qc.ca/cdp/UserFiles/File/previews/coeur_i.swf

http://www2.cslaval.qc.ca/cdp/UserFiles/File/previews/coeur_ii.swf

http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/ap2int.htm

This one site has over 100 links to animations. A must visit for teachers

Two animations (currently in French) from the CDP

Mandate:







Diagrams of Some Possible Solutions.Diagrams of Some Possible Solutions.

Idea # 1

Return to presentation


Idea # 2



Idea # 3



Idea # 4



Idea # 5



Idea # 6



Idea # 7



Idea # 8



Idea # 9



Idea # 10



Idea # 11


science/technology implementation committee good morning andwelcome christie brownbill corrigandick...

Documents

student booklet

technologythe student

cardiac apparatus

existing components

cardiac pumpintroduced

organization of components

hisher actions

alsothe cardiac pumpheart