science technology & innovation book

1. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) 1 - 15

2. Department of Science & Technology (DST) 19 - 34

3. Department of Biotechnology (DBT) 37 - 50

4. Department of Defence Research 53 - 68

& Development: Defence Research &

Development Organisation (DRDO)

5. Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) 71 - 74

6. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) 77 - 88

7. Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) 91 - 122

8. Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) 125 - 131

Content Page

Department of Atomic Energy 1

The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is a broad based multidisciplinary organization established

more than five decades ago. Its activities encompass Research and Development in nuclear science and

engineering, industrial scale production of some of the critical raw materials, manufacture of components,

equipment and systems needed for Indian nuclear programme, generation of nuclear power, and support

to research, academic activities and services associated with nuclear energy and allied subjects within

the country.

Working in the areas of nuclear science and technologies, DAE has developed a wide range of

technologies, and those are available for industry in the country. Short term nuclear power programme

and some of the mature spin-off technologies available for transfer are brought out in this compendium.

They are classified under six major categories viz, Energy, Environment, Water, Food & Agriculture,

Health and Others (Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Metallurgy).

EnergyFollowing its mandate of enhancing the share of nuclear power in the country through development of

indigenous and other proven technologies, it is setting of power reactors and associated fuel cycle

facilities in the country.

Department of Atomic Energy

EnvironmentThe following technologies are available are:

1. Flue gas conditioning technology for reduction in suspended particulate matter

2. Solid Waste Management Plant (NISARGRUNA)

Reactor type and capacity Capacity Cumulative(mwe) capacity (mwe)

17 reactors at 6 sites in operation at Tarapur, Rawatbhata, Kalpakkam, Narora, 4120 4120

Kakrapar and Kaiga

3 PHWRs under construction at Kaiga 4 (220 MWe), RAPP-5*&6(2x220 MWe) 660 4780

* Synchronised to grid on 22-12-09 ** achieved criticality on 23.01.2010

2 LWRs under construction at Kudankulam (2x1000 MWe) 2,000 6,780

PFBR under construction at Kalpakkam (1 X 500 MWe) 500 7,280

Projects planned till 2020

- PHWRs(8x700 MWe) 5,600 12,880

- FBRs(4x500 MWe), 2,000 14,880

- AHWR(1x300 MWe) 300 15,180

Additional LWRs through international cooperation till 2020 ~10,000 ~25,000

Department of Atomic Energy2

3. Radiation technology for urban sludge hygienisation

4. Plasma pyrolysis

5. Particle Aerodynamic Size Separator (PASS)

6. Infra Red Methane Gas Alarm Unit

7. Low Background Gas Flow Beta Counter

8. Improved Method for Fluoride Treatment from Aqueous Effluent

Some of these technologies are described below while for more information on other technologies

please visit http://www.barc.ernet.in/technologies/techavail.html .

Fuel gas conditioning technology for reduction in Suspended Particulate MatterSuspended Particulate Matter (SPM) constitutes one of the

major air pollutants and cause many respiratory diseases

including the dreaded silicosis. Coal fired thermal power

stations are the major culprits which contribute maximum

SPM pollution in the ambient air. The flue gas from a coal

fired thermal power station contains fine particles of ash

with size varying from 80 microns to less than 5 microns.

Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) is used to knock down

the ash particles from the hot flue gas and to maintain SPM

concentration within permissible limits specified by the

State Pollution Control Boards. However, in many power

stations, the concentration of the SPM exceeds the specified

limits. This is due to the high ash content in our coals (40-

45%), low sulphur content in our coal (<0.4% - better of

course from SO2 emission), acidic to neutral nature of ash

(6.8pH), humidity variation and above all, gradual

deterioration in the performance in the ESP are few of the reasons for increase in SPM concentration

even in some well managed power stations. This is where the flue gas conditioning technology developed

in India for the first time by the Heavy Water Board in one of its heavy water plants having a coal fired

captive co-generation plant as a spin-off finds excellent application. This technology is patented by

DAE and has been transferred to five private parties and has also been given to NTPC and BHEL.

Solid Waste Management Plant (NISARG-RUNA)BARC’s NISARG-RUNA plant for solid waste management offers a “Zero garbage, Zero

effluent”method for waste management. A conventional plant can handle only gobar & / or human

waste. NISARG-RUNA plant can process almost any biodegradable waste including kitchen waste,

paper, grass, gobar, dry leaves etc. There is a good potential for energy generation in this biphasic

biomethanation plant.

A substantial portion of our biodegradable waste is food waste (38-40%) which is used to generate

methane. This methane gas can be used as fuel for domestic purposes or in vehicles. The vegetable and

paper waste yield manure. Manure obtained from such waste has high nitrogen contents. This manure

acts as an excellent soil conditioner. The plant returns as organic manure that is 10% of the total waste

processed. It is weedfree and does not have any offensive smell.

Stack#2 (first from right) is with ammonia conditioning atPunjab State Electricty Board (PSEB) Plant, Bhatinda,Punjab


About 50 such plants have been installed at various

places in the Country. Another 50 such plants are under

construction.

NISARG-RUNA pays back Nature’s loan, in the form in

which the Nature will appreciate.

Radiation Technology for UrbanSludge HygienizationTotal sewage generation from urban centres in India is

around 30 billion liters a day while the total sewage

treatment capacity at present is estimated to be 3 billion

liters a day. The drainage and sewerage provided covers about 80% of the urban areas.

The radiation treatment of sewage sludge offers an efficient, simple and reliable method to produce

pathogen free sludge which can be further upgraded to produce a value added bio-fertilizer and allow

recycling of waste products.

The conventional waste water treatment plants

typically employ the anaerobic digestion process

for reducing the pathogen content of treated

sludge. The waste water sludge generated by a

sewage plant is very odorous and contains a high

level of pathogens which limit the reuse of this

waste which is otherwise a rich source of nutrients.

Its disposal in the present form is an economic

loss to the country. Further processing of the

sludge to reduce odour and pathogens is therefore

necessary, before the beneficial utilization or

recycling of solid sludge can be recommended.

The high energy gamma radiation from Cobalt-

60 has the ability to inactivate the pathogens with

a very high degree of reliability, and in a clean and

efficient manner.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, in collaboration with

Vadodara Municipal Corporation, has established a Sludge

Hygienization Research Irradiator (SHRI) at Vadodara to

demonstrate this technology and gain hands on experience

for operating such a plant as an integral part of the existing

waste water treatment facility. The plant has been designed

and built indigenously. The operational experience of more

than ten years has established that a radiation dose of about

3 kGy delivered to the sewage sludge ensures removal of

more than 99.99% of disease causing bacteria.

NISARGRUNA Plant at BARC

Manure from SHRI plant used in field

Sewage processing incorporating radiation plant


Plasma Pyrolysis for Medical WastePlasma is the state of matter obtained by breaking down

atoms into ions and electrons by the process of ionization.

Plasmas can quite easily reach temperatures of 10,000

degree Celcius.

Plasma technologies offer unique solutions to meet the

increasing demands of dematerialisation to develop

ecologically sensible industrial practices like high

temperatures, high chemical reactivity, high energy density

and ability to process solids, liquids and gases. In plasma

pyrolysis, generation of heat is independent of chemistry

of material used. It is fast heating – 5000 Celcius can be

achieved in milliseconds. It is fast quenching and consumes

small quantity of gas. The high ultraviolet radiation flux

destroys pathogens and waste to be treated, could be dry or wet. It is possible to recover energy in the

form of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Plasma pyrolysis provides solutions for complete pyrolysis of typical hospital waste such as cellulose

polymer dressings, polyvinyl chloride blood bags, polyurethane and silicon rubber gloves & catheters

and other disposables made of polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, rubber, glass etc. The system

provides high temperatures combined with high UV radiation flux which destroys pathogens completely.

The Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) of the Institute of Plasma Research,

Gandhinagar, Gujarat, an aided institute of DAE, has developed Pyrolysis System for disposal of medical

waste. A unit is operating at the Gujarat Cancer Research Institute at Ahmedabad and the technology

has been transferred to a private entrepreneur M/s Bhagwati Pyrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahemdabad, Gujarat.

These plants can handle plastic and medical waste upto 50 kg/hr.

HealthHealthHealthHealthHealthThe following technologies are available are

1. Cobalt-60 Teletherapy Machine (BHABHATRON)

2. Handheld Tele-ECG Instrument for Rural Health Care

3. Hydrogel burn and injury dressing

4. Green laser for diabetic retinopathy**

5. Surgical Carbon Di-Oxide Laser**

6. Nitrogen laser for medical applications**

7. Medical Analyzer Software

8. Digital Medical Imaging System

9. Biphasic Medical Electroporator

10. Dust Respirator and Airline Respirator

11. Impedance Cardio Vasograph

12. Cardiac Output Monitor

Commercial Plasma Pyrolysis System


13. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) Module

14. TLD Badge for Personnel Monitoring

15. Direct Reading Dosimeter (QF- DRD)

16. Dry Aerosol generation/ inhalation system

17. Digital Pocket Radiation Dosemeter (DIGIDOSE)

18. Auto TLD Badge Reader [TLDBR 7B]

19. Oximeter Module (spO2 Monitor)

20. Blood Irradiator*

21. Radioimmunoassay Kits*

22 . Radiopharmaceuticals*



Cobalt-60 Teletherapy Machine (BHABHATRON)Teletherapy machines are used for treating localized solid tumors, such

as cancers of the skin, tongue, larynx, brain, breast, or uterine cervix.

About half of the cancers incidents can be treated with Cobalt-60

Teletherapy Machine.

Highlights of the machine

• Fully closable collimator for improved radiation safety is a unique

feature of the machine.

• Automatic source withdrawal during emergency.

• Lower penumbra for better beam quality.

• All operations are completely computer controlled to facilitate

easy operation, complete control over all operating parameters

and improved radiation safety.

• Patient details and treatment details displayed on screen for close monitoring during treatment.

• On-screen status of AC power, battery, door, wedge, key and air supply.

• Position of radiation source displayed: safe/ transit/ treatment.

• Display of scheduled treatment time, time completed and time remaining.

• Treatment can be interrupted and resumed

Technology of Bhabhatron transferred to M/s Panacea Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore. So

far 14 machines have been installed in various cancer hospitals of the country. Many more are in the

process. One machine has been supplied and commissioned at Can Tho Oncology Hospital, in Vietnam.

Under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) any 200 bed hospital can buy such telecobalt

teletherapy machine. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has circulated inclusion of Bhabhatron

under list of teletheraphy machine.


Handheld Tele-ECG Instrument for Rural Health CareThe concept of Tele-ECG was introduced more than 30

years ago, through the use of telephone lines. However,

this application is limited to communication between fixed

locations equipped with conventional handsets. The latest

trend is to develop wireless telemedicine built around

satellite communication, which requires expensive

equipment, dedicated links and skilled manpower.

Similarly wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) and short-

range Radio Frequency (RF) transceivers, as used in

hospitals, can’t be utilized for rural applications. Therefore,

for worldwide communication and rural health care,

mobile cellular network like Global System for Mobile or

better a Third Generation network is needed.

BARC has developed a Handheld Tele-ECG Instrument operated with the help of a mobile phone via

bluetooth. It records ECG of the subject and displays the same on mobile screen. After complete

recording, the ECG can be sent to the expert’s mobile through Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

for his opinion. It is ideally suited for rural health care. The machine can also be operated through

Laptop or Desktop in place of mobile phone in hospitals having local area network.

Features

• Low cost, portable and compact

• Mobile as well as LAN connectivity

• Acquisition, processing, storing and visualization of ECG in real time

• Using a secure GPRS connection for transfer of ECG data

Hydrogel Burn and Injury DressingHydrogel is a gel like material, capable of holding large amount of water within its structure.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has developed a process for large-scale production of hydrogels

based on cross-linking of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) by radiation. It holds patent for this process. All

ingredients used in the process are low cost, biocompatible and are locally available or can be readily

imported under OGL.

Hydrogels are used for medicinal purposes particularly for

burn and injury dressings. These dressings have water

content in excess of 90% and have capacity to absorb

wound exudates. They have cooling effect on the burn

wound and thus reduce the severity of the pain. It further

provides moist environment, soften any slough, provides

sterile cover and regulates the oxygen supply to the wound

site to enable faster healing. The hydrogel has property of

adhering firmly yet gently to the healthy surface. This

results in painless dressing. Being transparent, the process

of the wound healing can be observed without removing


the dressing. These dressings are available in various sizes.

Technology for this product has been transferred to

ABS Medicare Pvt. Ltd, Vadodara and Reddy’s laboratories,

Hyderabad.

Green Laser PHOTOCOAGULATOR FORDiabetic RetinopathyRaja Ramanna Centre for Advance Technology (RRCAT)

has developed a green laser photo-coagulator for the

treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This laser photo-

coagulator has successfully passed clinical trials at Aravind

Eye Care System, Madurai and is being used there.

Diabetes is today a big medical problem in India. Its

diagnosis and treatment is a major challenge especially, since

the accompanying ill-effects of the disease can lead to

several problems. As the disease progresses, it can lead to

a host of eye-related complications, including a rupture of

blood vessels that can even lead to blindness. To avoid

such complications, ophthalmologists carry out a

procedure called retinopathy, using a photocogulator. In

our instrument, the photocogulator deploys a green

laser beam.

In this unit,the laser power can be varied from 50 mW to

about 2 W. The unit has advanced safety and failsafe

features, including automatic recognition of different

ophthalmic probes. The doctors can monitor and set all

parameters of the device by using a colour touch screen

controller and can operate the unit with a foot switch.

Compared to conventional method laser surgery is

accurate, painless, fast and hygienically safe.

WaterWaterWaterWaterWaterThe following technologies are available are

1. Water Resource Management

2. Desalination plants (Multistage Flash, Reverse Osmosis, Low Temperature Evaporation, Multi-

Effect Distillation Vapour Compression, Barge mounted RO)

3. Preparation of Composite Polyamide Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane for Brackish Water

Desalination

4. Domestic Water Purification Device Based On Photocatalysis Using Solar Light

5. Fluoride Detection Kit for ground water (FDK)

6. Membrane Assisted Defluoridation Process for Safe Drinking Water

Part of Treated Retina of Eye using our Laser 13.08.08

Green laser photocoagulator of SSLD, RRCAT


7. Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by physicochemical process

8. Back-washable Spiral Ultrafiltration Technology for Domestic & Industrial Water Purification

9. Shipborne Desalination Plant/ Fresh Water Generator

10. Online domestic water purifier based on ultrafiltration polysulphone membrane.



Water Resources ManagementDuring the last few decades, BARC has developed and

successfully applied a number of isotope techniques for

water resources management in collaboration with a

number of end user organizations.

The techniques employed include the use of naturally

occurring environmental stable isotopes of water

(Deuterium and Oxygen-18), cosmic ray produced

radioisotopes in the environment (Tritium and Carbon-14)

and reactor produced radioisotopes (Bromine-82, Gold-

198, tritium etc.).

Isotope techniques have been applied in the following

investigations

• Groundwater salinisation and pollution

• Groundwater recharge in arid / semi arid areas

• Interconnection between water bodies

• Seepage in dams, reservoirs, tunnels etc.

• Flow measurements in mountainous rivers

• Dispersion of effluents in marine environment

Desalination plants (Multi-stage Flash,Reverse Osmosis, Low TemperatureEvaporation, Multi-Effect DistillationVapour Compression, Barge mounted RO)As a part of the programme for improving the quality of

life of the large Indian population by systematic induction

of nuclear energy, BARC has been engaged in R&D

activities on desalination since 1970s. The development

activities in the field of desalination were initially based on

thermal processes. Later, the programme for development

of membrane processes was also included in 1980s when

this process showed sign of commercial viability. Over a

period of time, BARC has successfully developed

Mass spectrometer for measurement of stable isotopes of water

Groundwater monitoring in coastal Orissa

Nuclear desalinatin demonstration project, Kalpakkam,Tamil nadu


desalination technologies based on multi-stage flash (MSF)

evaporation, reverse osmosis (RO) and low temperature

evaporation (LTE). In the field of thermal desalination,

efforts are directed towards utilizing the low grade heat

and the waste heat as energy input for desalination.

Based on these technologies, a number of desalination

plants have been successfully demonstrated during the last

few years. These include desalination plants for conversion

of sea water into fresh potable water, providing safe

drinking water in brackishness affected areas and for

process applications.

DAE-CSIR programme on safe drinking water costing over Rs 700 crores is being finalised. 150000

units of small capacity (electric/ non electric) water purifiers (40 to 1000 LPD); 9000 units of community

size water purification systems (1–50 KLD capacity); 110 units of medium capacity land based/ trailor-

/ barge-mounted desalination and water purification systems (50-100 KLD capacity) and 14 units of

Large capacity plants (more than 0.1 MLD capacity) will be installed. 2 units of membrane making

facility will also be installed.

Preparation of Composite PolyamideReverse Osmosis (RO) membranefor Brackish Water DesalinationReverse osmosis (RO) is an efficient desalination technology

for providing safe drinking water from brackish and sea

water. Brackish water desalination is very common

nowadays as most of the surface water available is brackish

water. With proper collection and utilization, the reject

stream can also be beneficially utilized.

Membrane is the key component of the

desalination process. BARC is engaged in the

research and development of membrane

preparation, assembling in different

configurations and applications in various

fields. Earlier BARC had developed and

transferred the technologies for UF

membranes. Techn-ology for rolling of these

membranes in spiral module has also been

transferred. Present technology is developed

for thin film based composite polyamide

membranes and prototype 2512 spiral

module. These membranes are capable of

removing 90% salinity from brackish water

(~feed concentration upto 3000 ppm). Using

the developed technology, commercial size flat

sheet membranes can also be made.

Reverse Osmosis Plant (Capacity: 30 cubic metre perday) set up at Sheelgan village, district Barmer, Rajasthan.


Domestic Water Purification Device Based OnPhotocatalysis Using Solar LightIn a large number of underdeveloped and developing

countries, there is scarcity of safe drinking water. People

are forced to drink contaminated water infested with

disease causing bacteria, which causes many water born

diseases. Various methods like chlorination, ozonation,

boiling and irradiation by UV light are used

to purify water. However these methods require

chemicals, fuel, and electricity, which are not available in

remote undeveloped areas. A “domestic water purification device” is designed on photocatalytic

disinfection of water using non-toxic, reusable photocatalyst and solar light. The device does not require

electricity, chemical and high pressure tap water.

It works on solar light. (Even diffused sunlight on a cloudy day is sufficient), does not require electricity,

chemical and high pressure tap water, is very effective as it kill bacteria > 99.99 % (4log scale) and

Almost maintenance free except occasional cleaning of the glass cover, prefilter and tray. The device

purifies water in batch mode. The device of 60 cm x 65 cm x 10 cm size can disinfect ~ 15 liters of

drinking water daily using solar light.

Food and AgricultureThe following technologies are available are

1. Trombay Crop Varieties (Groundnut, Soybean, Blackgram, Greengram, Pigeonpea, Mustary,

Rice, Jute) Micropropagation of Banana

2. Radiation processing of food and agricultural commodities

3. Banana Juice Extraction Process

4. Laser assisted land leveling system **

5. Green manure crop Trombay Sesbania Rostrata

6. Pheromone Technology

7. Soil Organic Carbon Detection Kit (SOCDK)

8. Sericulture

9. Foldable Solar Dryer

10. Vibro thermal disinfestor (VTD)

11. Soil Organic Carbon Detection Kit (SOCDK

Some of these technologies are described below while for more

information on other technologies please visit http://www.barc.ernet.in/

technologies/techavail.html .

Trombay Crop VarietiesThe research and development carried out at BARC in the field of

radiation technology applied to agriculture, has contributed towards the

development of high yielding crop seeds, optimizing use of fertilizers

and pest control. Under nuclear agriculture programme, BARC has


achieved release of 38 elite varieties including 15 pulses,

(blackgram, mung, pigeon pea and cow pea), 21 oil seeds

(groundnut, soybean, mustard and sunflower) and one

each of rice and jute. Their share in the national breeder

seed indent is more than 40% for pulses and about 30%

for oil seeds.

Progress in breeding of crop plants depends upon selection

of favorable combination of characters available in the

population. Heritable variants occur spontaneously in all

living organisms and are largely due to mutations of genes.

The frequency of mutations can be greatly enhanced by

exposing seeds and other plant parts to radiation. Radiation

- induced mutations enhance the range of variability from which plant breeders can select and combine

different desired characteristics to produce better crop plants. Using this approach, improved varieties

of pulses, groundnut, mustard, rice and jute have been developed at the Bhabha Atomic Research

Centre (BARC).

Trombay akola groundnut (TAG-24) is:• Early maturing groundnut variety with semi-dwarf habit, high harvest index (>50%), high

partitioning and water use efficiency

• Released for Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Karnataka

• Popular in Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab and Tamil Nadu

• Identified as National Check Variety for Rabi/summer trials

• Average yield: 2,000 - 2,500 kg/ha

• Responds well under improved agronomical practices wherein >10,000 kg/ha yield achieved

Radiation processing of foodand agricultural commoditiesRadiation technology can complement and supplement

existing technologies to ensure food security and safety. It

provides effective alternative to fumigants that are being

phased out due to their adverse effects on environment

and human health. Radiation processing technology can

be used for:

• Disinfestation of food grains and pulses

• Inhibition of sprouting in bulbs and tubers

• Extending shelf-life under recommended conditions

of storage

• Ensuring microbiological safety

• Overcoming quarantine barriers to international trade

The technology can also be used for hygienization and

sterilization of non-food items including cut-flowers, pet

food, cattle feed, aqua feed, ayurvedic herbs and medicines

and packaging materials.

Trombay Akola Groundnut (TAG-24)


Two technology demonstration units have been set up

by DAE, one at Vashi, Navi Mumbai, for application

of high doses for commodities such as spices and

dry vegetables (30 tonnes/day), and another at

Lasalgaon near Nashik (Maharashtra) for commodities

such as onion (10 tonnes/day), cereals, pulses and their

products, and cut-flowers requiring low dose irradiation.

Eight such plants have been set up by private

entrepreneurs, five are under construction while another

five MoUs has been signed.

Banana Juice Extraction ProcessBanana is the most abundant fruit crop grown in India.

Extraction of juice is an effective method of reducing post-

harvest loss of the fruit. A novel lab-scale process has been

developed at BARC for extraction of juice from banana

and production of banana powder as a by-product. Clear

juice with a yield of upto 55% (w/w) is obtained without

addition of any enzymes and can be stored upto 3 months

inside cold storage at temperatures below 40C without

adding any preservatives. The residual pulp is converted

into fine banana powder.

APPLICATIONS of Banana Juice

• Being high on potassium and useful enzymes, it can be used as a health drink.

• Can be used mixed with other fruit juices or drinks for additional flavor.

• Can be concentrated and used as Syrup in food industry

APPLICATIONS of Banana Powder

• Can be used as a substitute for flour in cakes and biscuits,

• Can be used as a flavoring agent in milk

• Can be a good high-fiber low-sugar food base for patients

of diabetes

Laser assisted land leveling system The system consists of a laser plane generator or the scanner unit,

a scale mounted sensor unit for initial surveying and a tractor

mounted sensor and controller unit for controlling the scrapper

bucket to automatically level land. The control unit can be

modified appropriately to control earth movers and road & rail

laying machines.

The scanner unit consists of a suspended diode laser module with

a large pendulum mass. When the unit is coarsely leveled to ± 3º


the laser is under free suspension and is plumb. A penta-prism

mounted on a precision rotating platform with the axis co-xial to

the laser beam scans out a laser plane. The scale mounted detector

unit is a laser sensor which indicates the position of the scanned

laser beam from the scanner unit by buzzer as well as on a LCD

display. The scale unit is used mounted on a measuring staff and

indicates the local height at any place.

This technology has already been transferred to “OSAW

Udyog”,Ambala in Punjab.

Other TechnologiesElectronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Metallurgy

The following technologies are available are

1. Electron Beam Welding Machine/Equipment

2. Extended Reach Master Slave Manipulator (ERM)

3. Sealed Type Three-Piece Master Slave Manipulator (TPM)

4. Eco friendly surface hardening by Plasma nitriding

5. Manual Liquid Scintillation Counting System

6. Advanced PC based Acoustic Emission Analyser for Non -Destructive Testing & Evaluation

7. USB-MCA: 8K Multi-Channel Analyzer with PHA and MCS Modes and USB Interface

8. 20-KV, 10-80 KJ Energy Storage Capacitor Bank

9. Acceleration-Deceleration Control Valve and Circuit for Hydraulic Lift

10. Bayard Alpert Vacuum Gauge

11. Canned Motors

12. Controlled-Potential Coulometer

13. Electrochemical System

14. Glass to metal Seals

15. High and Ultra High Vacuum Bellows Sealed Valves

16. Intelligent Braille System

17. Ionization Gauge Controller

18. Laser based Digital Data Communication System

19. Motion Feed Throughs for Ultra High Vacuum

20. Optical Encoder and Display Unit

21. Oxygen Measuring System

22. Potentiostat/ Galvanostat

23. Servo Power Amplifier for AC Servomotor


24. Spectroscopy Amplifier (A225)

25. On Line Set Point Servo System (OLSPSS)

26. Triode Sputter Ion Pumps

27. Production of Optical Quality Electroless Nickel (EN) Coating on Copper Substrate

28. Spectrum Stabilising PCMCA Card (PHAST2)

29. Mini-Micro Stepping Control Drive & Associated Drive software with algorithm for

stepper- motor

30. Video Frame Buffer PC-add-on card

31. PC add on card for 20 million samples per second (ANUDAQ - 20)

32. Ultrapurification of Arsenic

33. Ultrapurification of Gallium

34. Di2ethyl hexyl Phosphoric acid (D2EHPA)

35. L.T.V. Deaeration System

36. Silver and sulphide ion selective electrode

37. Yttrium Vanadate Phosphor

38. Porous Polysulfone diaphragm as separator in Electrochemical process

39. Micronization Of Natural Graphite Powder

40. Preparation of CaS04: Dy TLD Phosphor

41. Ammonia absorption refrigeration system

One of the technology is described below while for more information on other technologies please visit

http://www.barc.ernet.in/technologies/techavail.html .

ECO Friendly Surface Hardening by Plasma NitridingAn engineering component usually fails when its surface cannot adequately withstand the external

forces or environment to which it is subjected. The choice of the surface with appropriate

thermal, optical, magnetic and electrical properties and sufficient resistance to wear and corrosion

is crucial for its functionality. It is often impractical and

uneconomical to manufacture components from a bulk

material simply for its surface properties. Instead, it is better

to use a cheaper material and modify the surface for suitable

high performance. Several techniques like chemical vapor

deposition, plasma spraying, nitriding and ion implantation

have been used to modify the surfaces.

Plasma Nitriding (PN) process, is a thermo-chemical

technique of surface modification for improvement of

mechanical properties such as wear, hardness, fatigue, as

well as chemical properties such as corrosion resistance and

biocompatibility. Plasma nitriding is carried out in low-

pressure plasma of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen Gears plasma nitrided at FCIPT


gases to which the parts to be treated are exposed. The nitrogen ions formed bombard the surfaces of

the parts, which become heated and allow diffusion of nascent nitrogen inwards to form nitrides.

During the process, the plasma uniformly covers the contours of the parts as shown in figure 1. The

diffusion layer thus formed has a ductile compound layer and a high wear resistance, apart from

possessing a higher hardness and a higher resistance to point loads, impact, etc., compared to other

methods of nitriding. Apart from this the compound layer formed is less. Hence components can be

directly used without any refinishing or cleaning operation. Also the improvement in properties brought

about by plasma nitriding frequently allows cheaper, lower alloyed materials to be used.

Facilitation Center for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT), a division of Institute for Plasma Research

(IPR), located at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, has developed state of the art PN systems using actively heated

hot wall furnaces and cold wall furnaces capable for enhanced glow discharge plasma nitriding.

Instrumentation developments include IGBT pulsers up to 100 A capacity, computer based process

control etc. This technology has been transferred to Ms/ Millman Thin Films, Pune. They have been

installed at Indo German Tool Room, Ahmedabad and BIT, Jaipur with the help of FCIPT and support

from Department of Science and Technology, Delhi.

Department of Science and Technology

Science, Technology & Innovation

Department of Science and Technology 19

Department of Science and Technology (DST) was established with the objective of promoting new areas

of Science and Technology and to play the role of a nodal Department for organizing, coordinating and

promoting S & T activities in the Country. Some of the key constituents of its mandate are noted

underneath.

• Formulation of policy statements and guidelines and coordination on S&T related matters wherein

number of institutions and departments have interests and capabilities.

• Supporting basic and applied research in national institutions and creating infrastructural facilities

to enable this cause.

• Fostering international cooperation in S & T.

• Socially oriented S &T interventions for rural and weaker sections.

• Popularization of Science and Technology.

• Technology Development and Commercialization.

• S & T driven entrepreneurship development.

• Scientific Surveys and MIS for S & T.

DST also has a network of autonomous research institutions, working in specific domain areas related to

basic as well as applied sciences. In the following pages, some of the technologies have been showcased

coming out of four such institutions namely i) Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and

Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum ii) International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy

and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad iii) Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune & iv) Indian

Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata.

Department of Science and Technology

1. Blood Bag

Sterile, disposable device used for collection, component

separation, cryostorage & transfusion of blood.

Technologies in Market (SCTIMST)S.No.

Department of Science and Technology20

4. Hydrocephalus Shunt

3. Blood Oxygenator & Cardiotomy Reservoir

5. Concentric Needle Electrode

2. Mechanical Heart Valve

Permanent Implant to replace the diseased natural heart

valves

Oxygenator is a rigid shell disposable device used during

open-heart surgery as the artificial lung. Cardiotomy

reservoir is a disposable device used during open-heart

surgery for the collection, filtration and recirculation of blood

from the surgical site.

Neurosurgical implant used for the controlled drainage of

the cerebrospinal fluid

Disposable electrode assembly to pick-up the neuromuscular

electrical activity.


8. Single Solution Bonding Agent

9. Dental Composites

6. Haemoconcentrator

7. Membrane Oxygenator

Extracorpeal device used in cardiac surgery

Used to oxygenate blood remove carbon di-oxide thereby

warm/cool the patient in cardiac surgery

A fifth generation bonding agent replacing the two

component system currently in use.

Dental composites constituting Chemical cure, Light Cure,

Radiopaque dental composite and Dentine bonding agent


12. Fibrin Glue

11. Hydroxyapatite & Bioactive Ceramic

Composites

13. Woven Large Diameter Vascular Prosthesis

10. Glass Ionomer Cement

Sealant used to arrest bleeding

For grafting purpose

Technologies under Re-Licencing / Modification (SCTIMST)

For core build up, luting and restorative applications

Hydroxyapatite Porous Granules, Graded Porosity Buttons

for Burr-Hole Closure, Ceramic Spacer for Vertebral

Laminoplasty,Bioactive Composite Blocks for Iliac Crest

Repair , Bioactive Composite Porous Blocks and Rods


16. Chitosan Wound Dressing

15. Hydroxyapatite Porous Granules

17. Bioactive Ceramic Composites

14. Field Kit for Detecing Antibiotic Sensitivty inMastitic Milk

Cost effective, quick and convenient solution for testing

antibiotic sensitivity in mastitic milk

Substitution, augmentation, filling and reconstruction of

bone defects

Wound dressings based on chitosan

For dental applications


20. Microparticles Based HemostaticChitosan Material

18. Centrifugal Blood Pump

Blood Pump Control and Monitoring Unit with disposable

Centrifugal Pump Head for Extracoporeal Cardiotomy

Bypass

Removal of dental caries by a two component mixture

Porous chitosan microparticles as topical hemostat

For routine use in Operation Theatre and for special

applications, e.g.Stress test / Exercise ECG recording,

Paediatric use, Long term use in ICU

21. Disposable ECG Electrodes

19. Chemo Mechanical Caries Removal Agent

Technologies in Pipeline (SCTIMST)


Nano Silver Impregnated Ceramic Drinking Water Filter(Real Life Scale / ARCI)

Key Features

• Nanosilver synthesis technology developed under ARCI’s Nanomaterials programme

and also field tested in medical centres at various villages in Andhra Pradesh with the

help of a NGO

• Using a simple wet chemical method the nano silver average particle size 50 nm is

impregnated through out the cross section of the ceramic drinking water filter.

• Easy operation and maintenance

1. No electrical power required

2. No pressurized water (tap water) required

3. Easy maintenance

• Low cost

1. The amount of silver used is very low (0.2 wt %)

2. The cost of the candle increases by 25-30%

3. The cost of the filter assembly increases only by 3-5%

4. Candles are usually changed once in six months

Applications Developed and Technology Transfer Status

For ceramic water filter candles used in stainless steel filters. The ARCI

nano silver coating technology has been transferred to SBP Aquatech

Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad. The technology is ready for transfer for all other

states except Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu as the exclusivity for these

two states has been given to above company.

Micro Arc Oxidation (Real Life Scale / ARCI)

Key Features

• Eco friendly & economically viable

• Uniform, dense, hard (1300 – 1800 HV) and thick (1-200 mm) coatings compared to

conventional anodizing and hard anodizing

• Excellent tribological properties

Initial Count Count after filtration

1000 0

10000 0

100000 0

Laboratory test results for E-coli bacteria as per IS 1622-

1981 & EPA Guidelines


• 5-40 times service life enhancement

• Ability to coat a large variety of Al, Ti, Mg and

Zr metals and their alloys

• Ease to coat complex shapes and difficult to

access regions

• Synthesized fully dense, ultra-hard coatings

• Coating formation mechanisms, phase

relationships and structure-property

correlations established

• Successfully synthesized functional coatings on

a wide variety of Al alloys

• Optimized coating deposition kinetics (1.3 –2.3

mm/min.)

• Established superior coating properties compared to conventional acid based processes like anodizing

& hard anodizing

• Technology demonstrated for a wide array of applications

Applications Developed and Technology Transfer

• MAO Technology patented in India and U.S.

• Technology Transferred to 3 companies in India

• Technology scaled up to suit mass production requirements

• R&D efforts to establish the process on Ti, Mg and Zr alloys in

progress

• Technology Available for export and for states in India other

than Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka as exclusive

license has already been given in these 3 states.

Detonation Spray Coating (DSC) Technology(Real Life Scale / ARCI)

Key Features

• Developed with co-operation of the Institute of Problems of

Material Science, Kiev, Ukraine, the original inventors of the

D-Gun

• Attractively priced-less than imported HVOF units

• Fully indigenous DSC technology now adopted widely by the

Indian industry for coating wide range of engineering

components to enhance their life

• Commercialization of DSC technology accelerated by strong

foundation laid by ARCI, through process-related R & D,

Up-scaled MAO Unit

MAO coated textile components

DSC Unit in operation


application development and market sensitization

• ARCI continues to develop wide-ranging coatings for Indian industries

Properties

• Excellent Adhesion

• < 1% Porosity

• High Microhardness

• Low Thermal Degradation

• Low Oxide Content

• Good Tribological Properties

• High Coating Thickness

• Good Powder Efficiency

• Low Substrate Temperature

• Low Cost of Operation

• Less Gas Consumption

• Less Water Consumption

• Less Electrical Consumption

• Less Down Time

• Less Work Scrap

Applications Developed and Technology Transfer

• Applications Developed for multiple industrial sectors Aerospace,

Engineering, Chemical, Automotive, Steel, Oil, Energy, Paper,

Textile, Power Generation etc.

• Technology successfully transferred to 4 companies in different

regions of India

• Technology is available for export

Laser Surface Treatment and Laser Welding (Real Life(Real Life(Real Life(Real Life(Real LifeScale / ARCI)Scale / ARCI)Scale / ARCI)Scale / ARCI)Scale / ARCI)

Key Features of Laser Welding

• High power density

• High depth of penetration (aspect ratios upto 20:1)

• High welding speeds and low heat input

• Can weld wide variety of materials with varying thickness

• Possibility to precisely focus the beam spot at desired location

• Appropriate heat balance can be obtained while welding dissimilar materials or thicknesses

• Pulsed mode operation

DSC Unit in operation


• Low heat input precision welding

• No vacuum requirement, unlike electron beam welding

• Can weld magnetic materials, unlike electron beam welding

• Non contact process and hence clean weld unlike Shielded Metal Arc Welding or Tungsten Inert Gas

welding

• Some laser wavelengths can be sent through optical fiber and to weld inaccessible locations

Applications Targeted

• Tailor-Welded Blanks (TWB) for automotive bodies

• Gear assemblies in automotive transmission

• Stringer welding to skin of fuselage

• Sandwich panels for ship building

• Stainless steel equipment

• Hermetically sealed valves for solenoid applications

Key Features of Laser Surface Treatment (Hardening, Alloying and Cladding)

• Moderate to rapid cooling rates resulting in fine homogenous structures

• Selectively localized area processing

• Controlled case depth

• Minimal distortion

• Chemical cleanliness

• Minimal post treatment

• High process flexibility

• Excellent reproducibility

• Ease of processing with CNC programming

• Faster production rates

• No quenchant requirement


• Steam turbine blades

• Crank shafts

• Cam shafts

• Forming dies

• Cutting tool edges


Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide (ZnO) based Varistors (Pilot Scale / ARCI)

Key Features

• Developed a novel method to make Nanocrystalline ZnO powders and convert them into varistors

• Nanocrystalline ZnO powder is used as it helps reduce sintering temperature compared to

conventional micron powder

• Breakdown voltage is 5 times compared to commercial varistors

• Coefficient of Non-Linearity is 3 to 4 times higher than commercial varistors

• Lower Leakage current compared to commercial varistors

• Scale up using flame spray pyrolysis has been achieved

ARCI and Commercial Varistor discs I-V Characteristics of ARCI and commercial varistors


Surge voltage protection in electrical and electronics industry in the form of varistors and lighting arrestors

Silica Aerogels (Laboratory Scale / ARCI)

Key Features

• Silica aerogels have been developed at ARCI in different forms such as flexible sheets, granules,

monoliths and nanoparticles.

• Low density and high thermal insulation capability

• They are prepared by sol-gel method, followed by a special drying process known as supercritical

drying. Even sub-critical drying is also used depending on the application requirement

• Silica aerogels are reinforced with organic or inorganic fibers for low and high temperature

applications respectively to impart greater flexibility

• The lowest density achieved is 0.05 g/cc and the highest surface area achieved is 1600 m2/g


• Cryo insulation applications

• Light weight insulating clothing


Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanorods by Flame Spray Pyrolysis(Laboratory Scale / ARCI)

(From L-R) Aerogel developed as Sheets, Monoliths, Granules and Nanoparticles at ARCI

Key Features

• Bulk production of ZnO Nanorods using Flame Spray

Pyrolysis (FSP) method

• FSP is a process wherein the liquid precursor

evaporates in the flame and undergoes chemical

reaction to cluster embryos of the product material.

These clusters eventually grow into nanoparticles by

collision, fusion and sintering mechanisms

• This process is suitable for producing metal oxide and

doped metal oxide nanopowders/ nanorods on a

commercially relevant scale

• According to results the avg. aspect ration of ZnO

nanorods were 4 and BET surface area of the powder

was 27 m2/g

• XRD results reveal formation of pure ZnO nanorods phase


ZnO nanorods for sunscreen lotions

A Novel DNA Preservation Technology – Microspore(Bench Scale / ARI)It is a biomimetic, non-cryogenic method for long term preservation of nucleic acids in a structurally and

functionally intact form. The technology platform uses microcapsules of a biopolymer extracted from

plant pollen grains, namely sporopollenin. Sporopollenin is inert to chemical action and is an excellent

insulator (resists temperatures from -196 °C to +900 °C).

Our technology (patented in India and abroad, PCT/IN2009/000641; Indian patent no. 956/MUM/2008)

consists of a method of incorporating DNA material in the sporopollenin microcapsules. It has been

shown by appropriate experimentation and mathematical modeling that such DNA will remain intact

for a long period, typically exceeding 100 years.

The potential application areas for the technology are forensic science, healthcare, pharmaceuticals,

TEM Image of ZnO nanorods


medicine, military and basic research, etc. The technology is likely to replace the conventional method

of preserving nucleic acids under cryogenic conditions.

Considering the vast applications of the technology the potential market worldwide could be to the tune

of several billion dollars. The technology has won the India Innovation Pioneers Challenge (IIPC) 2009

competition and was showcased at Intel-University of California, Berkley Technology Entrepreneurship

Challenge (BTEC) 2009.

We have already prepared prototypekits using the technology. The indicative price for preserving 100

nucleic acid samples works out to Rs 17000 as against Rs 29000 for a competing product available in the

market.

A Novel Protease for Industrial Application (Real Life Scale / ARI)A microbial protease production process is developed by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from

vermi-compost soil. The production of protease is optimum in a medium soyabean meal and tryptone of

pH 7. 0, at 30°C in 72h with 1% inoculum under shake culture conditions. The protease, which is calcium

independent, has specificity towards natural substrates like casein, elastin, gelatin but it does not

hydrolyze collagen and keratin. The enzyme is active in range of pH 6-11, being optimum at 8. 0,

temperature 25-65°C, optimum at 37°C. The protease is stable in presence of SDS, sodium tri

polyphosphate, sodium tetraborate, tween 80, triton X 100 which are ingredients of commercial detergents

and surfactants. It is also active in commercial detergents like Tide, Areal, Nirma, Rin Shakti and Surf

Excel.

The ammonium sulphate precipitated protease finds potential application in leather industry for dehairing

of hides and skins of buffalo, sheep and goat skin without using any chemicals. Enzymatically prepared

wet blue and crest leather of buffalo hide were of comparable quality with control. This protease can

improve leather quality and reduce pollution load of the tannery effluent.

The enzyme finds an application as an additive in detergent and also for recovery of silver from X-ray

and photographic films and preparation of protein hydrolysate.

ARI-SCOE Microbial Process for Removal of H2Sfrom Biogas (Laboratory Scale / ARI)The process uses Thiobacillus culture in fixed film reactor for removing H2S from biogas. H2S is reduced

from 3 % to 0.01 % in 6-8 minutes. CO2 concentration is also reduced by 12 %.

High Solid Biomethanation (Real Life Scale / ARI)The process removes 60 % COD of distillery waste having initial COD 150,000 ppm in two-

stage anaerobic digestion process. The process generates 15 L biogas/ L waste, methane content of which

is 55-58 %

Microbial Technology for Removal of Aromatic Dyes and PhenolicCompounds from Industrial Waste Waters (Real Life Scale / ARI)The invention relates to a process for treatment of industrial wastewaters containing triphenylmethane

(TPM) dyes comprising immobilization of bacterial culture of Pseudomonas mendocina on brick pieces,


circulation of industrial wastewater containing TPM dye in the range of 2-10 ppm, through brick media

having immobilized culture using water circulation pump, at 28±20 °C for 48 h, which results in 85 to

90% removal of TPM dyes and degradation of the dyes to carbon dioxide.

Technology for the Production of Chromium-Enriched Yeasts (Laboratory Scale / ARI)A microbiological process is developed for the treatment of effluents containing heavy metals in

bioreactors. The specific microorganisms convert soluble metals into their insoluble forms which are

easily separated by settling or filtration and effective removal of metals is achieved. The method is non-

polluting and hence eco-friendly.

Integrated Microbial Process for the Removal of GroundwaterArsenic (Real Life Scale / ARI)The invention describes an integrated microbial oxidation-alumina adsorption process for the removal

of arsenic from groundwater

Integrated Chemical-Microbial Process for the Recovery ofMetals from Photovoltaic Modules (Laboratory Scale / ARI)A chemical-microbiological method for the recovery of metals from cadmium telluride photovoltaic

modules is proposed. The chemical component utilizes dissolution of metals. Selective biosorption of

silver and cadmium is achieved with recovery of 86% and 80%. Tellurium is converted microbiologically

to its metallic form in a bioreactor and can be converted at an efficiency of 99%.

Formulation Comprising Nanoparticles of MethylglyoxalConjugates (Pilot Scale / IACS)This invention relates to methylglyoxal chemically conjugated to nanoparticles i.e. nano-methylglyoxal

as an anticancer drug. The invention specifically applies to the use of nanoparticles conjugates of

methylglyoxal for inhibition and/or treatment of cancer of the Colon, Prostate, Larynx, Kidney, Pancreas,

Lung, Breast, Intestine, Oral cavity, Ovary, Glioblastoma, and Leukemia. The invention also relates to

compositions and optimization of the methods of preparation of nano-methylglyoxal. The anticancer

activity of the conjugates is attributed to the inhibition of the activity of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

dehydrogenase enzyme. The invention therefore relates to compositions and methods of inhibiting cancer

using Schiff’s base conjugates of methylglyoxal with chitosan, which is more effective than methylglyoxal

alone.

Transition Metal Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Pilot Scale / IACS)This invention deals with transition metal ions doped semiconductor nanocrystals that are free from

heavy metals like cadmium and therefore environment friendly. The present invention also deals with a

process for the preparation of such transition metal ion doped semiconductor nanocrystals, where the

reactions take place at a temperature less than 300oC. The said doped nanocrystals are stable in air and

under UV radiation in both solution and precipitated solid form. The semiconductors used are mainly


Manganese and Copper for best results. These highly fluorescent non toxic materials are found to be

technologically important, not only for biological applications, but also in several other applications,

such as for lighting and display devices, where absence of Cd and Se is considered to be the real advantages

to the wide applicability of such materials.

Process for Non-Toxic, Water-Soluble and Functionalized TransitionMetal Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Laboratory Scale / IACS)This invention provides nontoxic, water soluble and functionalized transition metalion doped ZnS

semiconductor nanocrystals, having very high quantum yield. These nanocrystals are effective in

fluorescent biological labeling and can be used as bioconjugates useful for different biomedical

applications. The invention further deals with a process for preparing these functionalized transition

metal ion doped semiconductor nanocrystals comprising the steps of polymer coating, polymerization

followed by purification and functionalization, providing long shelf life and stability over a large pH

range. It includes the process of fluorescence biological labeling with the nontoxic, water soluble and

functionalized transition metal ion doped semiconductor nanocrystals for long term cell imaging

applications.

Positive Morpholino Based Antisense Agent (Laboratory Scale / IACS)This invention relates to a cationic morpholino-based antisense agent comprising cationic inter-subunit

linkages in the oligonucleotide backbone and cationic side chains to the purine, pyrimidine bases of

DNA. It includes the neutral alkynyl-side chain to the purine & pyrimidine bases in order to have better

neutral morpholino oligomers. The invention describes a synthetic method for the preparation of the

said agent and discusses various applications including but not limited to regulation of gene expression,

tissue culture with improved transfection efficiency and studies on cationic morpholino-conjugated dyes,

flurophore, drugs etc for cellular transfection properties. The method is easy to perform, cost effective

and takes lesser time and ingredients to prepare the product. The product when added to the media

shows better transfection efficiency than the available materials. As this agent does not conjugate with

arginine-rich peptides thus not required to be administered in an injection form only, just solubilization

in culture medium may be sufficient for penetration. They are the shorter length than 25-mer morpholino

because they bind strongly with DNA.

Process for the Treatment of Coconut Fibers after Separationfrom Husk (Laboratory Scale / IACS)This invention provides an improved method of treatment of coir fibers obtained from defibering machine,

which obviates the disadvantages associated with retting and does not cause pollution. In this process

the brightness and softness of the coir fibers are also improved with increase in production rate of at

least 25%. These new fibers are stable up o a period of 3 months. The process is advantageous as it may

be applied to both types of fibers obtained from green husk as well as dry husk. The process includes

steps of soaking the coir fibers in a fresh bath containing sodium chloride and tamarind extract, removing

the reacted coir fibers from said first bath and introducing the coir fibers of step (b) into a second bath

containing ligninase and laccase.


Anticancer Activity of Imino-Acid Conjugates ofMethylglyoxal (Laboratory Scale / IACS)The invention relates to the use of imino acid conjugates of methylglyoxal for the inhibition and/or

treatment of cancer. The invention relates more specifically to the use imino acid conjugates of

methylglyoxal for inhibition and/or treatment of cancer of the Colon, Prostate, Larynx, Kidney, Pancreas,

Lung, Breast, Intestine, Oral cavity, Ovary, Glioblastoma, and Leukemia. The invention also relates to

compositions and methods of inhibiting cancer using imino acid conjugates of methylglyoxal.

A Multi-Junction A-Si : H Solar Cell (Laboratory Scale / IACS)A multi junction a-Si:H solar cell having doped microcrystalline thin films comprising the following

layers. i) a SnO2 - coated glass of 10% Haze; ii) p-type a-SiC:H film as window layer having a thickness

of about 100 A; iii) an optical band gap of 1.9eV and dark conductivity - 10-6 Son-1 ; iv) buffer layer is a

a-SiC:H film with optical band gap of 1.85 eV and thickness of 50 - 100 A; v) undoped a-Si:H film of a top

cell in multijunction solar cell having band gap of 1.75 eV and thickness of 700 — 800 A; vi) n-type ?c -

Si:H film having thickness of 250 - 300 A; vii) p-type a-SiC:H film of a bottom cell of said multijunction

solar cell having thickness of 800-100 A; viii) undoped a-Si:H layer of said bottom cell having thickness

of ~ 3000 A; ix) n-type a-Si:H layer having thickness ~ 300-350 A; and x) back metallization by Ag. The

invention relates to wireless communications, and in particular, to a receiving device and method in a

base station, for locating a mobile station.

Departmentof Biotechnology


Medical

Agricultural

Environmental

Industrial

State Biotech Parks

Public-Private Partnership Models

Department of Biotechnology 37

Rotaviral Diarrhoea VaccineRotavirus infections are the leading cause of diarrhea-associated mortality in developing countries. It is

the leading cause of dehydration and accounts for 150,000 deaths per year in children in India.

• World Health Organization and the Global Initiative for Vaccines and Immunization have

recommended the accelerated development and introduction of rotavirus vaccine as a priority.

• DBT supported Rotaviral Diarrhoea Vaccine development.

Product• Live attenuated oral Rotaviral vaccine based on

strain 116E

Partners

Academic

• All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi

• Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta

• Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore

• Stanford University, USA.

• Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi

• National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi

Industry• M/s Bharat Biotech International Limited, Hyderabad

Current StautsThe Phase-III clinical trials will be initiated by March/ April, 2010.The vaccine is likely to be

available by 2011.

JEV-CHEX – An test system for early detectionof Japanese EncephalitisJEV-CHEX is a diagnostic kit to detect JE virus in CSF with

100 % specificity and sensitivity. It is a rapid ELISA for IgM

capture developed jointly by the NIMHANS, Bangalore;

NII, New Delhi and KGMC, Lucknow through DBT support

and commercialized by Xcyton Diagnostic Ltd, Bangalore

since 2004 after extensive clinical testing. The kits are

available at a price of about Rs. 100 per test and also supplied

to WHO.

Department of Biotechnology

Department of Biotechnology38

Japanese Encephalitis is the most common encephalitis caused by an arbo-virus with ~50,000 deaths

annually worldwide.

In India, repeated epidemics have occurred in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh

and the virus has made inroads in the states of Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan alerting healthy officials.

There have been many episodes of JEV in Gorakhpur district in UP.Though many countries have adopted

vaccination programme in their immunization schedule for children, its early detection is important in

providing timely treatment.

Other affordable healthcare productIMMUVAC-a promising immuno-modulator for Leprosy &Tuberculosis

Immuvac is based on killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii-

MIP (earlier known as Mw) developed by the National

Institute of Immunology and being commercialized by M/s

Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad after technology

transfer.It has received Orphan drug designation in USA as

an adjuvant to MDT for multi-bacillary leprosy and has

shown profound immuno-modulatory effects in

tuberculosis as well.

There are emerging indications that MIP may be clinically

useful as an immuno-modulator in other diseased

indications including cancer.

Low-cost Recombinant FSH- LIGRAF for infertility treatment

Developed under SBIRI, the recombinant Follicle

Stimulating Hormone (r-FSH) is being commercialized by

the M/s. Bharat Serums & Vaccines Ltd., Mumbai under the

brand name “Foligraf”. The product has been launched in

the Indian market in 2009 with a market share of approx.

30% in the Indian recombinant FSH market.

It is in a lyophilized form in two different strengths of 75

IU & 150 IU per vial. Used for treatment of fertility disorders

in women, it has shown to effectively stimulate follicular

development and steroidogenesis, despite unmeasureable

LH levels in women whose endogenous gonadotrophin

secretion is suppressed.

Dispersible Zinc Tablet- a novel anti-diarrhoelformulation for National ProgramMore than 1.5 million children under five continue to die

each year as a result of acute diarrhea with about 500,000

deaths in India. The use of Zinc along with oral rehydration

therapy (ORT) is recommended by WHO and Governemnt

of India after R & D by DBT, WHO & AIIMS, BIBZinC-20mg (Dispersible Zinc Sulphate Tablet)


Recommendations

• 20 mg of elemental zinc supplementation per day for 10-14 days for children

• 10 mg per day for infants fewer than six months of age

GOI recommends the inclusion of zinc in RCH 2 / NRHM for treatment of diarrhoea. The recommendation

is: 20 mg. of zinc suplhate dispersible tablets for use in child hood diarrhoea for 14 days alongwith

addition of ORS.

Iron-rich Rice for Anaemia ControlFor ICDS & NRHM Schemes

• ULTRA RICE®- UR is a micronutrient-fortified,

manufactured food product that was developed to

address nutritional deficiencies in populations where

rice is a staple food

• UR grains resemble traditional milled grains in size

and shape and remain stable during washing &

cooking stages of rice preparation

• Iron Fortified Rice Premix increases body iron stores

and reduces iron deficiency in school children

• Can be introduced in the Mid-day meal programme

specially under ICDS and NRHM schemes

• Introduced at Naandi Foundation, Vishakhapatnam

for about 60,000

• Resource poor school children

• Local capacity-building through DBT: Enquiries from

potential units welcomed

Novel Therapeutic Food for Management ofSevere Acute Malnutrition (SAM): Hospitals/Re-habilitation Centers/ Homes

• 8.97 million “under five children” suffer from acute

SAM

• For SAM in children above the age of 6 months, home-

based Medical Nutrition Therapy can reduce the

fatality rates significantly

• Novel therapeutic foods can be used in hospitals, re-

habilitation centers or at home

• Therapeutic Foods for SAM developed in India as per

WHO specifications and tested. These have specific

compositions and were proved to e effective for

functional recovery


• Therapeutic Foods for SAM are homogenization of fried gram /peanut flour, extruded rice flour,

soyabean oil, powdered sugar, skimmed milk powder, roasted soya dhal & soya lecithin in paste

form. These are energy-dense foods with 7 gram of protein, 16 gram of fat with 260 kcal per 50

gram. These also contain micronutrients such as Vitamin A, calcium, iron, folic acid, zinc, selenium,

iodine etc. They are packed in 50 gram pouch with a shelf-life of one year.

• Currently being indigenously produced by 2 industrial units

DBT would be able to provide the necessary technical know-how for setting up production facilities in

States(s); State Health Departments encouraged participating.

Double Fortified Salt (DSF) for Iron & Iodine deficiency• The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad developed iodine and iron double-fortified

salt (DFS) as “One intervention controlling two problems”, namely, iodine deficiency disorders

(IDDs) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

• The stability of iodine and iron more than a year.

• Human metabolic studies showed excellent bio-availability of iron and iodine ;

• Bio-safety studies confirmed the safety of NIN-DFS.

• Epidemiological studies showed significant reduction in the prevalence of total goiter and anemia.

• The cost of 1 kg NIN – DFS works out to be 1 rupee (0.025 US$) more than that of iodized salt.

A high powered committee, constituted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of

India, recommended the introduction of NIN-DFS in nutrition programs.

Recently a notification has been released by PFA regarding double fortified salt (GRE 608E, dated August

28, 2009).

An MoU signed between NIN, Hyderabad & Salt

manufacturers for supply of at least 20% of the produce to

the Government for distribution through the public

distribution system for BPL at the price fixed by the

Government.

Hospital-based interventions - ReplicationModels

Homograft Heart & Heart Valves Bank

• A project to set up a cryo-preservation facility for

preservation of homografts heart and heart valves

isolated from cadaver within 6-8 hours after death.at

Narayana Hrudayalaya Institute of Cardiac Sciences,

Bangalore was undertaken by the DBT

• A technique standardized for storage of Homografts

heart & valves for longer duration.

• A model cryo-preservation bank for replication in

other hospitals and cities.


• The project has helped to serve the society and make

mission of providing health care to masses. The center

is now in the process of expanding the services by

procuring homograft valves from other postmortem

centers of India.

Fecal incontinence- a device developed for ICU patients

• A tool to collect & contain fecal output in incontinent

patients efficiently

• About 50 % of ICU patients have the problem

• Easy and hygienic to use

• Developed under Stanford India Biodesign ( SIB)

programme

About SIB

The product been developed by Stanford India

Biodesign, which is a DBT funded center at All India

Institute of Medical Sciences in collaboration with

the Stanford University, USA and India Institute of

Technology, Delhi .

Current status

• Clinical and business validation complete

• Product development complete

• Technology secured by multiple patents globally

• Successful ‘first-in-man’ safety studies at AIIMS

• Regulatory approval and product commercialisation

in process

Bioreactor for Prawn-seed Production inAquaculture IndustryBioreactors for Nitrifying Water in Closed System

Hatcheries of Penaeids and Non-Penaeid Prawns has been

developed at the Cochin University of Science &

Technology, Kochi for aquaculture industry and transferred

to the Oriental Aquamarine Biotech India Pvt. Ltd,

Coimbatore.

It is based on Packed-bed nitrifying technology (PBBR) that

is useful for organic re-circulation of prawn-seed production

in small hatcheries with added advantage of water quality

management. Packed bed bioreactor


The nitrifying bioreactor technology facilitates conversion of the conventional open systems to closed

ones with recirculation. Two categories of reactors have been developed such as In-Situ Stringed Bed

Suspended Bioreactors (SBSBRs) and Ex – Situ Packed Bed Bioreactors (PBBRs). Principally the integration

of the reactors is at three locations in a larval production system such as:

1. PBBRs in the reservoir system

2. PBBRs at brood stock maturation system and

3. SBSBRs at the larval rearing.

The technology has been further supported under SBIRI scheme for large-scale validation and refinement

of bioreactors in aqua-farms.

High-yielding silkworm variety for adoptionin Seri-cultureSericulture is an important cottage industry based on agro-

forestry practiced in more than 60,000 villages and

providing employment to 60 lakh people; mostly from

weaker section and rural areas

• The high silk yielding Japanese silkworm strains are

highly susceptible to baculovirus infection

• About sixty percent of the silkworm cocoon crop loss

in India is due to baculoviral infection at the larval stage

BmNPV infected silkworm larvae


• Transgenic silkworm lines successfully developed against four essential baculoviral genes that

have tested for their baculoviral resistance for the last two years

• Silkworm lines provide over 80% resistance against baculoviral infection

• The laboratory trials are being conducted in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in collaboration with

sericulture centres. The transgenes have been found to be stable in the transgenic silkworm lines.

Early Maturing Quality Maize Hybrid- for Hilly TerrainMaize one of the major sources of

calorie and protein is deficient in

essential amino acids viz., lysine and

tryptophan. Quality protein maize

(QPM) contains twice as much

essential amino acids than the

normal maize. In India, absence of

commercial QPM hybrids in the

market is singularly responsible for

the poor spread of nutritionally

balanced maize. Although, there are

few hybrids available but all of

them are late maturing; hence not

fitting into the cropping sequence of

the hills

• DBT through Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan(VPKAS), Almora aimed to convert

the existing early maturing inbreds to QPM inbreds for developing early maturing QPM hybrids.

• Under the project, the conversion was undertaken for the parents of Vivek Hybrid 9 viz., CM 212

and CM 145 into QPM versions using ‘Molecular Marker Assisted Selection’.

• The QPM version showed 9-12% superiority in grain yield over the normal inbred versions.

• The reconstituted QPM hybrid (Vivek QPM 9) yielded at par with Vivek Maize Hybrid 9 in the

Himalayan states (58 q/ha) as well as in peninsular India (54 q/ha) under the All India Coordinated

Maize Improvement Project during 2005 and 2007.

• Based on its performance, the hybrid has recently been released for commercial cultivation in the

Himalayan states as well as peninsular India.

• Better quality of protein in QPM is expected to help in reducing protein malnutrition among rural

masses. Now efforts are being made to increase further the lysine and tryptophan contents in it.

Tissue Culture Products- Mass Propagation TechnologiesDBT has set-up a modern state-of-the-art Micro-propagation Technology Park (MTP) at Gual Pahari,

Gurgaon, on the Delhi-Haryana border through TERI. With an annual production capacity of 1.5 – 2.0

million tissue cultured plants, the facility is managed by a dedicated team of research scientists and

production staff. MTP is ISO 9001 certified and accredited under the National Certification System for

Tissue Culture Raised Plants (NCS-TCP). Over 18 million plants have been supplied to various state

forest departments, horticulture departments, private entrepreneurs, nurseries, agro-based companies,

and farmers


List of species for which micropropagation

protocol is available at MTP

Forestry species

• Anogeissus spp.

• Bambusa bambos

• Bambusa balcooa

• Bambusa nutans

• Dendrocalamus asper

• Eucalyptus spp.

• Leucaena hybrids

• Paulownia fortunei

• Populus spp.

Fruit Species

• Apple (Rootstock)

• Banana

• Citrus (Rootstock)

• Strawberry

• Pineapple

Cash Crops and Vegetable Crops

• Asparagus

• Black pepper

• Ginger

• Hops

• Large cardamom

• Leek

• Potato

• Sugarcane

• Turmeric

Medicinal & Aromatic Plants

• Aloe vera

• Artemisia

• Bacopa monnieri

• Centella asiatica

• Chlorophytum borivilianum

• Patchouli

• Rauwolfia serpentina

• Stevia

• Swertia chirata

• Vanilla

Ornamentals (Foliage )

• Aglaonema

• Alpinia

• Calathea spp.

• Clerodendron inerme

• Cordyline

• Dieffenbachia

• Dracaena

• Drosera adelae

• Duranta

• Euonymus

• Ficus spp.

• Fittonia

• Hosta

• Hypoestes phyllostachya

• Miscanthus sinensis

• Nandina domestica

• Peperomia

• Philodendron scandens

• Philodendron xanadu

• Phormium

• Pothos

• Syngonium podophyllum

• Yucca

Ornamentals (Flowering)

• Amalanchier

• Callistemon

• Carnation

• Chrysanthemum

• Dahlia

• Euphorbia

• Geranium

• Gerbera

• Hibiscus

• Hydrangea

• Lilium

• Liriope muscarii

• Ophiopogon

• Petunia

• Pinguicula sp.

• Plumbago

• Rose

• Thalictrum

• Verbascum

• Viburnum


Mycorrhiza- a new generation broad spectrum biofertilizerMycorrhiza is a broad-spectrum non-specific organism that colonizes 85% of land plants. The biofertilizer

has a broad ecological adaptability. It offers up to 50% of reduction in Phosphate fertilizer application by

better uptake of nutrients like phosphorus and many immobile trace elements like Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cu,

Mo etc. resulting into better nutrition to plants.

t offers tolerance to a range of soil stresses like heavy metal toxicity, salinity, drought and high soil

temperatures and also provides high resistance to various soil and root -borne pathogens. Its helps in

improving soil health productivity.

The DBT-TERI mass production technology for Mycorrhiza has been transferred to several industries.

The output is as follows:

Cadilla Pharmaceuticals Ltd. — 500 tones per year

Majestic Agronomics (P) Ltd. — 1000 tones

Neesa Agritech Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad — 500 tones

Cosme Pharma Lab. Ltd. Goa — 1000 tones

KCP Sugar and Industries Corp. Ltd AP — 1000 tones

4000 tones

Biopesticides- Suitable for Integrated Pest ManagementBollcure- A new botanical pesticide is a biopesticide extracted from Eucalyptus plant and the formulation

developed through financial support of DBT at TERI, New Delhi. It is a liquid emulsifiable concentrate

that has to be sprayed with a dose of 1 Lt over 1 acre. It is:

• Effective against Helicoverpa armigera

• Results in significant reduction in larval weight (88%)

• Suitable for both organic and IPM crop practices and conventional as well as Bt cotton

• Multi-locational trials conducted against cotton and chickpea have proved it to be an effective

biopesticide

• Cost-benefit ratio for cotton is 1:4.15 & chickpea is 1:17.1


• Environment friendly;

safe for mammals with

LD50 > 2000/5000 mg/kg

with a shelf- life of 1 Year

• Technology transferred to

Sri Biotech Laboratories

India Pvt. Ltd.,

Hyderabad and Pasura

Biotech Pvt. Ltd.,

Hyderabad.

Bioprahar is a microbe-based

biopesticidal formulation

developed by ICGEB, New

Delhi. An effective formulation comprising the bacterium, surfactants and adjuvant with a shelf life over

a year has been prepared. The product has been commercialized in India.

Salient Features

• Highly effective against diamond back moth, mealy bug and woolly aphids, red mites of brinjal &

okra

• Ideally suited for integrated pest management programs on cotton, okra, tomato, tobacco, castor etc.

• No chemical residues in fruits, vegetables, grains, feeds and fodder; it prevents soil, water and air

pollution & is eco friendly and safe to use.

Designer’s Crops (Genetically Modified) : Commercial & in pipeline

A number of candidate genes identified & tested for

• In-built resistance against insect pests & diseases,

• tolerance to drought/salinity stresses

• Improving nutritional quality.

Facts on GM Crops

• So far, India has adopted only Bt. Cotton for its commercial cultivation

• Bt. Cotton has increased yield by 31% with reduced insecticide sprays by 39% with environmental

and health implications

• Increased income by US$ 250 or more per hectare

Bt cotton Doubled India’s total cotton production

• Currently over a dozen crops being field-tested including staples crops like rice; vegetables, legumes,

oilseeds namely - brinjal, potato, tomato, chickpea, pigeonpea, cauliflower, cabbage, groundnut

and rapeseed.


Crops & Traits

Rice

• Biotic Stress Resistance: Bacterial blight, BPH

resistance, gall midge resistance, Blast

resistance.

• Salinity Stress Tolerance

• Introgression of sub1 locus conferring

tolerance to sub-mergence

Wheat

• Mobilizing QTL/Genes for quality traits and

biotic stress resistance into high yielding

varieties

Maize

• Conversion of inbreds maize to QPM

• Enhancement of amino acids in elite varieties

Chick Pea

• Enhanced fungi resistance

Cotton

• Fibre strength and oil content, gene stacking

in Bt.Cotton

Brinjal

• Resistance against Fruit & Shoot borer

Mustard

• Seed yield and oil content, Low glucosinolate,

Aphid resistance

Soybean

• Resistant to yellow mosaic virus

Sorghum

• Shoot fly resistance

Groundnut

• Resistance against TSV Virus

OilZapper- An Eco-friendly solution for Oil-spills & Oily sludge• A bacterial consortium combining the cultures of five bacterial strains that could degrade crude oil

and oily sludge

• Named ‘Oilzapper’, it is appropriate for degrading crude oil and oily sludge ; degrade various

types of oily sludge ; end products of sludge degradation i.e.carbon dioxide, water and fatty acids

harmless

• Tested under laboratory and field conditions

• Already,more than 1.53 Lakh metric tons of oil soaked soil and oily sludge has already been

biodegraded and large area of land contaminated cleaned up using Oilzapper

• Eco-friendly & more economical than

conventional technologies

Existing Beneficiaries

• Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, India

• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India

• Oil India Ltd, India

• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, India

• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India

• Reliance Petroleum Refinery, India

• KOC, Kuwait (Demonstration)


Biotechnology Parks: Centre-state Venture• Established in several states through DBT

• Aiming to strengthen/develop state biotech-industry capacity-building through public-private

partnership

• State Govts. encouraged to take lead & proactive role

• Funds available through SBIRI and BIPP grant schemes

Existing Biotech Parks and Incubators

• Biotechnology Incubation Centre at Shapoorji Pallonji Park by Indian Institute of Chemical

Technology (IICT), Hyderabad – The Park, with an investment of Rs 690 crores by the private

companies, has 33 companies and providing employment opportunity to 2400 members. DBT has

contributed Rs 17.29 crore to IICT, Hyderabad.

• Biotechnology Park, Lucknow - The Biotechnology Park at Lucknow has been set up on 8 acres of

land. The contribution of the Department for the incubator facility is Rs 21.99 crores.

• Golden Jubliee Biotechnology Park for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu -Registered as a Society

under Tamil Nadu Society’s Registration Act 1975, it is a joint project of DBT and the Government

of Tamil Nadu. It is located in Siruseri, Chennai, and fully functional. DBT has contributed an

amount of Rs 400.00 lakhs for the park.

• TIDCO Centre for Life Sciences (TICEL) Bio Park, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - The TICEL Bio Park,

Chennai has been established by the Government of Tamilnadu in technical collaboration with

Cornell University, USA.

Biotechnology Parks & Incubators in the Planning Stage

• Food Biotechnology Park, Mohali, Punjab

• Business Incubation Centre at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

• Biotechnology Park, Guwahati

• Nano Biosym Technology Park, Himachal Pradesh

• Marine Biotech Incubation at Ahmedabad

• Biotechnology Park, Kerala

• Biotechnology Park, Karnataka

• Biotechnology Park, Orissa


Biotechnology in North-East IndiaThe North-East Region (NER) of India which is the world’s biodiversity hotspots has been identified by

the DBT for focused Research and Developmental activities. DBT has earmarked 10% of its total

budget amounting to Rs.100 crore for the year 2009-10 to promote R & D activities in NER and initiated

major programmes

Education

• Support to promotion of Star Colleges of NE in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Education and

Training

• Programme Support in the areas of Biotechnology to Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati

• Programme Support to Clinical Research Network in NE Region

• Network Programme on Developing Drugs from Medicinal Plants of NER

• Network on Management of Classical Swine Fever in Piggeries in NER

• Launching of Special Fellowship/Associateship

• DNA Clubs (DBT’s Natural Resources Awareness Clubs) for NER

• Exclusive Biotechnology Overseas Associateship for NER Scientists

Bio-informatics

• Establishment of North Eastern Bioinformatics Network (NEBINet)

• On-line information access facility for Schools

• Creation of e-Journal Access Facility

• NER-DeLCON- E-Journals access to NER instituions

Infrastructure

• A Biotechnology Incubator for entrepreneurship development in Assam.

• Established Regional Research Centre of IBSD in Sikkim State

• Women Biotechnology Park

• Bioresources Centre at NEHU, Shillong

• Modern Infectious Disease Detection laboratory/infrastructure in 11 Medical Schools

• A Rural Bio-resource Complex targeting 1500 households from 15 villages spread over 5 clusters.

• Establishment of Biotech Hubs and State Nodal Centres

Biotech Park, Lucknow


Funding opportunities for Public - Private Partnership DBT- support for Biotech Companies

Small Business Innovation Research Initiative-SBIRI

• For early stage & late stage investments for biotech innovations

• Middle-size, Start-ups & SMEs eligible

• 90 approved projects under way in medical, agriculture & industrial biotechnology sectors

Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme-BIPP

• BIPP is an Advanced Technology Scheme high risk, transformational technology/process

development

• Open to all companies for “Break through research” which enables product and process

development; and are patentable, with IP ownership rights resting with industry.

• Infrastructure support provided

• Areas include: Medical, Agriculture, Bio-energy; Implants & Devices, Instrumentation, Green

Technologies & Other industrial products and processes

• Novel products under development include

I Health Care

IN-105 tablets - oral insulin

Drug for Diabetes associated Heart Failure)

Mucosal Vaccine For Hpv

Immunogens and monoclonal antibodies against pandemic H1N1

Recombinant Human Papillomavirus vaccine

H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine

Rotavirus Vaccine Candidate 116E

II Agriculture

Stress tolerant rice

Transgenic rice tolerant to rice yellow stem borer

Eco-safe multiple insect resistant transgenic cotton

Non-transgenic Papaya resistant varieties to pa[aya ringspot virus

‘Herbicide & Stress tolerant’ transgenic Onion

III Energy

Self-glucogenic Pearl Millet for Bioethonal products

A process for Enhanced Ethanol Yield from Molasses Fermentation

ANTI-TNF-a ANTIBODY scFv

Biological Hydrogen Product

Butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass

Products /Processes under development through BIPP Support

Web Address: www.dbtindia.nic.in

Defence Research &Development Organisation


Defence Research & Development Organisation 53

S. Technology/Product Brief Technical Applications Scale ofNo. Profile Validation

Self heating system (Therm-O-Pack) is a

chemical based heater useful for heating

Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Retort processed food

in flexible pouches at consumption

temperatures without the use of any

conventional heating source such as fire,

electricity, hexamine tablet etc. Heat

generated during the exothermic reaction

of certain chemicals, after activation of

the process, is capable of heating the RTE

food from room temperature to

consumption temperature depending on

the nature of the product and external

temperature conditions.

Survival ration consists of Chikki (Type-I)

made of sugar, liquid glucose and

groundnut seeds and Chikki (Type-II)

made up of liquid glucose, jaggery,

sesame seeds and groundnuts. The

Ration weighs about 500 g, provides 2,200

Kcal, is lightweight, easy to carry and has

a shelf life of one year. When the soldiers

are away from the units for more than 24

hours, consumption of one ration is

sufficient for one-day survival and meets

basic energy requirements

A multi-vitamin herbal beverage has

been developed from the fruits of

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) plant

that grows wild in the high altitude

terrains. Processing technology of

Seabuckthorn fruits has also been

developed with high retention of bioactive

compounds of fruits. This drink does not

freeze even at subzero temperature.

Useful in field Available and

areas to relish tested

warm food where

heating is time

consuming

process

Survival ration Commercia-

for security lized and

forces being by Security

used during CI Forces

Operations

(CI Ops)

Can be used as Commercia-

multi-vitamin lized and

herbal beverage being used

1. Self Heating System for

Ready to Eat Foods

2. Emergency Survival Ration

3. Multivitamin Herbal

Beverage from Seabuckthorn

PROCESSED AND FRESH FOOD TECHNOLOGIES

Defence Research & Development Organisation

Defence Research & Development Organisation54


An Elisa kit for Yersinia pestis organism

identification required for early detection

of plague so that necessary measures

are taken immediately to prevent the

epidemic. In the kit, rabbit antibodies are

coated to the nitrocellulose membrane

and the organism, Y pestis binds to this

antibody. The resulting substrate is

detected using enzyme substrate

reaction. Appearance of brown dots

indicates positive results.

Diagnostic kit for field detection of IgM

antibodies of Dengue has been developed

for proper control and effective

management of affected persons. All the

four serotypes of dengue viruses are

circulating in India, leading to fatal

dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and

Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). There is

no effective prophylaxis available

against this disease, therefore an early

diagnosis plays important role .

An antigen detection ELISA kit for early

diagnosis of Chikungunya has been

developed using purified rabbit anti-

Chikungunya virus polyclonal antibody

coated on the ELISA wells to capture

CHIKV antigen in patient sera.

Useful for quick Readily

detection of Available and

Plague in field tested in real

conditions life

Useful for quick Readily

detection of Available and

Dengue in field tested in real

conditions life

Useful for Readily

quick detection Available and

of Chikungunya tested in real

in field life

conditions

1. Plague Detection Kit

2. Dengue Detection Kit

3. Chikungunya Sandwich ELISA

TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTH AND HYGIENE

To augment availability of fresh food in

high altitude inaccessible areas in

Himalayan region, a number of vegetable

varieties and hybrids (Tomato Var-DARL

62, Tomato Hybrid DARL-304, Capsicum

Hybrid 202, Garlic Var DARL-52,

Cucumber Hybrids-DARL101, 102,

Cabbage Hybrid DARL-801, 802 ) suitable

for Himalayan region have been

developed for protected and open

cultivation. Green House Technology

including Trench Cultivation has been

standardized for specific crops. Similarly,

packages of practices for boosting animal

productivity – dairy cattle, poultry and

sheep have also been developed

The developed Readily

technologies and Available and

agri material/ being used by

germplasm can farmers

be used to boost

agriculture

production in

hilly regions

4. Fresh Food Technologies for

High Altitudes


A rapid and low cost indigenous Swine flu

virus H1 specific isothermal gene

amplification assay has been developed

using LAMP technology for reliable and

early clinical diagnosis of H1N1 human

patients . This is an alternate real-time

test system for rapid detection as well as

identification of novel H1N1 Swine Flu

virus. The assay is based on a simple

isothermal gene amplification principle

using a specially designed primer set

that specifically amplify the H1 gene of

novel H1N1 Swine Flu virus only.

The attracticide is a combination of

oviposition attractant pheromone and

insect growth regulator having lure and

kill property. After isolation and

identification of this pheromone from

water containing larvae of Aedes aegypti,

technology has been developed for

synthesis of the pheromone

indigenously. The attracticide is sprayed

on water bodies to which Aedes aegypti

mosquitoes are attracted to lay the eggs.

The growth of larvae from the eggs is

arrested by insect growth regulator

resulting in their death.

Frostbite is a severe form of cold injury

which can lead to loss of extremities like

toes and fingers and is a serious medical

problem for those operating in the snow

bound cold areas at high altitude. This

can lead to loss of affected limbs in

untreated cases. Alocal, a herbal Aloe

vera-based cream for the management

of cold injuries. In addition, this cream

can also be used in burns, wounds, and

ulcers, cracking and chapping of skin,

cuts and as antiseptic dressing.

Biodigester is a cylindrical structure of

mild steel or fiber reinforced plastic with

provision of inlet for human waste and

outlets for effluent and biogas. Night soil

degradation occurs through microbial

reaction which converts it into biogas.

This is an eco-friendly technology for

disposal of human waste at glacier, other

low temperature areas and soil bound

cold regions. The process culminates into

treated effluent which is free from

pathogens and is also environmentally

acceptable. During waste treatment,

inflammable biogas is generated as a by

product which can be used for various

energy intensive activities like cooking,

water and room heating.

Useful for cost Tested in real

effective and life

quick detection

of Swine Flu in

field

conditions

To control Available

Dengue and and tested in

Chikungunya real life

mosquitoes

Prevention and Commercia-

control of lized and

frostbite being used

by Security

Forces

Can be used for Commercia-

eco-friendly lized and

bio-degradation being used

of human waste

4. Swine Flu Detection Kit

5. Attracticide for Control of

Dengue & Chikungunya

Mosquitoes

6. Aloe Vera Cream (Alocal)

7. Bio-digester


LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Rapid ascent of soldiers to an altitude of

more than 2700 m is associated with a

variety of problems like acute mountain

sickness (AMS) & High Altitude

Pulmonary Oedema (HAPO). Although

AMS is self limiting HAPO is quite lethal

and requires immediate evacuation of

patients to lower heights. One man HAPO

chamber is a portable first aid device that

provides emergency treatment for

varying degrees of Acute Mountain

Sickness including HAPO. It works on the

principle of increasing the atmospheric

pressure around the patient thereby

simulating descent from high altitude.

The system consists of a portable,

biomedical data acquisition hardware to

acquire and process the physiological

parameters (BIODAS) such as ECG, BP,

Saturation of Oxygen, Temperature,

Heart rate and transmit data to remote

location through any communication

means like V SAT, ISDN, C Band,

INMARSAT , PSTN terminals. The

software has two modules one each at

the consultation centre and at the

specialists’ centre

The NBC respiratory mask provides

protection to the respiratory tract and

face against chemical and biological

warfare agents. It provides wide field of

vision and has swivel drinking water

facility that provides the means for taking

liquid refreshments while wearing the

respirator. The respirator is available in

small, medium and large size and is

compatible with other NBC protection

equipment used in field operations.

Integrated Hood Mask provides

protection against chemical and

biological warfare agents, and is

specifically intended for soldiers with

facial injuries, cuts, bruises, etc and

soldiers with parka on their head. It

consists of Respiratory Mask, Canister

and the Hood. It provides protection

against chemical warfare agents for six

hours.

Can be used as Commercia-

first aid device lized and

for treatment of tested in

Acute Mountain real life by

Forces Security

Sickness and

High Altitude

Pulmonary

Oedema.

Transfer of data Tested in real

(Physiological life

Parameters)

from remote

areas to

specialist centre

for confirmatory

diagnosis.

Protection of Commercia-

respiratory lizedand

system against tested at lab

NBC agents level

during any

eventuality.

Protection of Commercia-

respiratory lized and

system and tested at

face against lab level

NBC agents

during any

eventuality

1. Portable HAPO Chamber

2. Tele Medicine System

3. NBC Respiratory Mask

4. Integrated Hood Mask for

NBC Protection



The resuscitator is an important medical

device used as first aid treatment of

respiratory failure in case of chemical

warfare agents attack. It is specially

designed for emergency ventilation and

resuscitation. The standard set

comprises of rubber bladder of 1.6 L

volume, non- rebreathing valve system,

face mask having transparent face piece

and inflatable rubber lining and canister

which purifies the air and allows pure air

into the bladder. The canister contains

activated carbon which absorbs toxic

gases. The canister can be used for two

hours continuously in a contaminated

environment.

Can be used as Commercialized

first aid and tested at

treatment of lab level

person with

respiratory

failure due to

chemical

warfare agent

5. Resuscitator

Battle Field Surveillance Radar is a man

portable, battery operated, easy to use

and user-friendly surveillance e-sensor

radar. The system operates in J Band

and has capability to detect, track and

classify variety of moving ground surface

targets like crawling man, single/group of

walking men, light/heavy vehicle and low

flying helicopter. Its audio and visual aids

help to identify and classify the target

decisively.

DAKSH is state-of-the-art counter-

terrorist remotely operated vehicle

specifically designed to handle

hazardous material and suspected

objects in public places and installations.

This versatile robot is capable of climbing

stairs and turn in restricted spaces within

buildings and can reach different floors

for its mission. It has multiple cameras

on-board for aiding the operator to drive

as well as pick up and handle sensitive

objects.

Perimeter Commercia-

surveillance of lized and being

vital installations used by

Security

Forces

Surveillance, Available and

Inspection, tested at lab

removal and level

safe handling

of explosive

materials/ IED

1. Battle Field Surveillance Radar

2. Remotely Operated Vehicle -

DAKSH

TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITYA SENSORS FOR SURVEILLANCE



Robot Sentry is an autonomous

navigation technology and can be

instructed to go to specified locations

inside any campus autonomously, while

continuously providing a video feedback

of its surroundings. The robot utilizes GPS

and a digital compass for determining its

location and orientation, and a laser

scanner for obstacle avoidance during

navigation. The map of the site in GPS

coordinates the robot, and is

subsequently used for navigation.

Day Vision System is a standalone

optical telescope with visible spectral

range for day time surveillance. This

system enables security forces to see

the target up to 6-7 km in day time in

line of sight.

Panoramic surveillance sight is a rotating

optics device which views the optical

images from 360ˆ angles and facilitates

the operator to get panoramic vision

without rotating his head. Commander

can perform multi-directional surveillance

and instruct his team to counteract

accordingly

The Holographic Sight has been

developed for small weapons like rifles

and carbines to enhance the accuracy of

hitting the targets. It is an electro-optic

sighting system to apply holographic

technology for small arms with unit

magnification sight having an embedded

reticle in a see-through window. A laser

diode inside the sight illuminates the

hologram to form the reticle. The shooter

looks through this transparent window in

which the projected reticle acts as an aim

point superimposed on the target scene.

The Commando Light has been designed

to meet operational requirements of the

field-forces. Several user-friendly

features have been incorporated in the

basic unit. Control inputs are given

through membrane touch switches on top

of the carrying handle and control

functions by using micro processor based

circuitry. Modes of operations are like

flasher mode, time mode, continuous

mode and dimmer mode

B ENHANCING DAY AND NIGHT VISION

Useful for Available and

patrolling in tested at lab

defence/ security level

areas

Useful for day Commercialized

time surveillance and being used

by Security

Forces

Useful in day Commercialized

time surveillance and being used

in multi- by Security

directional Forces

attack scenario by

having all round

surveillance

This sight is very Commercialized

useful in close- and being used

quarter battle, by Security

especially in Forces

counter-

insurgency

operations

where speed is

very critical.

Useful for viewing Commercialized

the target and being used

3. Robot Sentry

1. Day Vision System

2. Panoramic Surveillance Sight

3. Holographic Sight

4. Commando Light


The Goggles Night Vision Passive 102 A is

a light weight binocular system which can

be used for surveillance, driving and map

reading during night illumination

conditions, The goggles can be mounted

on a face mask with the help of a sliding

assembly. A small IR emitter for short

distance viewing/map reading is also

provided. The equipment also has

provision for dioptric adjustment. To

protect the goggle and its accessories

during transit a FRP case transit and a

case canvas are also provided

To enhance firing capability of the

Modern Sub Machine Carbine during

night, a Passive Night Sight (PNS) has

been designed and developed. It is a

compact, lightweight electro-optical

device based on 18mm double proximity

focused super gen image intensifier tube.

. Infantry personnel can use it for

accurate aiming of weapons at night. The

sight has been developed for quick

engagement of the man size target

during night and can be fitted on MSMC

weapon with specially designed

mounting bracket.

The Binocular Night Vision Passive 101A

is used for surveillance at company and

platoon level. This binocular can provide

vision at night using the night ambient

low levels of illuminations of stars /

moon.Range of recognition for human

subjects - 300 m ,vehicles / tanks -

500 m Under clear starlit night medium

contrast

The Light Weight Passive Night Vision

Binocular is used for surveillance at

company and platoon level. This

binocular can provide vision at night

using the night ambient low levels of

illuminations due to stars / moon.Range

of recognition for human subjects - 300

m (detection), 200 m( recognition) for

vehicles 500 m (detection), 350 m

(recognition.)

The Passive Commercialized

Night Vision and being used

Goggles can be by Security

used for Forces

surveillance,

driving and

map reading

during night by

military and

paramilitary

forces

To enhance firing Commercialized

capability of the and by

Modern Sub Security Forces

Machine Carbine being used

during night

Can be used for Commercialized

observation and and being used

surveillance by Security

during night by Forces

security forces.


observation and and being used

surveillance by Security

during night by Forces

military and

paramilitary

forces.

5. Goggle Night Vision

6. Night Sight for Modern

Sub-Machine Carbine

(MSMC)

7. Binocular Night Vision

8. Light Weight Passive Night

Vision Binocular


Passive Night Sight (PNS) for 5.56 mm Rifle

(INSAS) is a compact and lightweight sight

using micro channel image intensifier tube

for accurate weapon aiming and

surveillance at night by the infantry

personnel. This sight provides vision at

night using the night contrast low level of

illumination due to star/ moon. The PNS is

suitable for fitment on the 5.56 mm Rifle/

LMG (INSAS) by the special mounting

bracket designed and developed for this

purpose.

Hand Held Thermal Imager (HHTI) is a

cooled MWIR detector, which can enable

the security forces to see the terrorists or

any moving object in complete darkness.

These are portable sights for surveillance

& reconnaissance. Range of detection - 6

km for vehicle, 2 km for human and

recognition - 2 km for vehicle, 1.5 km for

human

Helmet mounted thermal imager (HMTI)

with un-cooled MWIR detector is based on

320 x240 micro-bolometer FPA (8-12m). It is

light weight, compact and modular in

design and enables security forces to see

the target in complete darkness with both

hands free. It can also be useful in fire

fighting and rescue operations. HMTI

enhances vision of a driver for night driving

and can operate on the vehicle’s battery

Weapon Mounted Thermal Sight (WMTS)

is a thermal imaging camera based on

advanced 3rd generation 320x256 InSb FPA

cooled detector (3-5 μ) developed specially

for hand held weapons and can be

mounted on guns, light machine guns etc

for aiming in complete darkness. This can

also be used as a corner shot weapon

system during night operations


observation, and being used

surveillance and by Security

accurate weapon Forces

firing during

night by

military and

paramilitary

forces.

Useful in Commercialized

conducting and being used

counter by Security

terrorism Forces

operations in

night for

surveillance &

reconnaissance

purposes

Useful for viewing Commercialized

the target and and being used

victims under by Security

complete Forces

darkness, foggy

and smoky

conditions

Useful in Commercialized

counter- and being used

terrorism by Security

operations Forces

during

night for viewing

and aiming

the target

9. Passive Night Sight for INSAS/

LMG Rifles

10. Hand Held Thermal Imagers

11. Helmet Mounted Thermal

Imager

12. Weapon Mounted Thermal

Sight


SAW sensor has been developed for

vapour phase detection of chemical

warfare agents such as sarin and its

stimulant DMMP and explosives such as

DNT and TNT. The technology used will

also help in development of sensor array

and pattern recognition methodology for

detection and identification of chemical

warfare agents and explosives

The Explosive Detection Kit based on spot

test colour reactions is capable of

detecting and identifying explosive

ingredients used in the bomb blasts based

on trace explosive ingredients of the order

of 10-4 g. It is very useful for pre and

post explosion analysis. The operator can

specifically identify the explosive

ingredients such as TNT, RDX, PETN, Black

Powder, Dynamite, NC, NG, CE, inorganic

nitrates, RDX based plastic explosives etc.

used in the blasts by comparing the

standard colour chart provided with the Kit.

Oleoresin (OR, a Chili extract) based

grenades are totally safe, simple to

operate, user- friendly and extremely

useful for flushing out terrorists from their

hideout. These grenades can be thrown by

hand up to 40 meters into the hideouts /

agitated mob and are easily dispersed as

smoke (aerosol) from pyrotechnic

mixture. The grenades when used emit

tear gas for more than 30 seconds after a

delay of 2.5 ± 0.5 seconds, making the

person to come out due to lacrymation,

irritation and suffocation. The body of the

grenades is made of plastic, which melts

when the grenade bursts thus making it

difficult to throw back

A non-lethal munition CR (Dibenz-[b,f]-1,4-

oxazepine) based shell is peripheral

sensory irritants and can be used as a riot

control agent. The shell is safe and simple

to operate for flushing out terrorist from

their hideout. It can be fired from a

conventional gas gun up to 150 meters to

the hideouts / agitated mob and is easily

dispersed as smoke (aerosol) from

pyrotechnic mixture. The grenades when

applied emit smoke / gas for more than 30

seconds after a delay of 2.5 ± 0.5 seconds,

making the person to come out

D. INCAPACITATION OF EXTREMISTS

Can be used to Available and

detect the tested at lab

presence of level

explosives (DNT

and TNT) and

sarin in laboratory

conditions.

Detection and Commercialized

identification and being used

of explosive

ingredients used

in the bomb

blasts

To incapacitate Commercialized

terrorists and and tested

flushing them

out from their

hideouts

(tunnels, fields,

dense jungles,

broken grounds

etc.) without

casualties,

and for

mob dispersal/

riot control

operations

To incapacitate Commercialized

terrorists and and tested

flushing them

out from their

hideouts and for

mob dispersal/

riot control

operations

1. SAW Sensor for Detection of

Explosive and Sarin

2. Explosive Detection Kit

1. Oleo-resin (Chilli) Based

Hand Grenade

2. CR Based Shells

C DETECTION SYSTEMS


Hand held short range laser dazzler is a

non lethal crowd control and tactical area

denial laser device having an operational

range of 50 meters. The device has been

tested under simulated conditions and is

particularly suited for counter-

insurgency operations. With its higher

power, the dazzler creates a credible

glare effect in a larger spot size for use

on moving vehicles or individuals. This

feature is critical for the protection of

entry control points and convoys, at

distance, in day and night ambient

conditions. It is the most compact laser

device available that is suitable for anti-

personnel operations.

CNRI consists of master and slave units

for combat operations. It facilitates voice

and data transfer over low bandwidth

half duplex, error prone Combat Net

Radio Network and enables a mobile

commander to access networks

resources from a remote location. The

hardware used is a advanced RISC

microcontroller based system and

constructed as two subsystems master at

exchange side and slave unit at mobile user side.

WMTU facilitates data transfer over low

bandwidth half duplex, error prone

Combat Net Radio (CNR) Networks. It

enables a mobile commander to access

network resources from a remote

location. The hardware is a Pentium

based single board computer (SBC) with

media interface hardware on its PC104

bus. The software incorporates

compression fragmentation, forward

error correction interleaving and ARQ

techniques for robust and reliable data

transfer over radio media.

The convoy jammer mounted on TATA

SAFARI vehicle offers protection to

VVIPs and military convoys from the

threat of radio controlled improvised

explosive devices (RCIED). The system

is modular in design and employs

efficient RCIED muting techniques which

facilitate system operation in selected

threat bands. The system is designed to

counter the prevailing RCIED threats

and is upgradable.

E COMMUNICATION AND JAMMING

To dazzle the Commercialized

human eyes and tested at

lab level

Voice and Commercialized

data transfer and being used

over low by Security

bandwidth half Forces

duplex and to

access networks

resource from a

remote location

Facilitates Commercialized

mobile and being used

commander by Security

access Forces

to network

Can be Commercialized

deployed and being used

for protection by Security

of military Forces

convoys from

the threat of

radio controlled

improvised

explosive

devices.

3. Short Range Laser Dazzler

4. Combat Net Radio Interface

(CNRI)

5. Wireless Message Transfer

Unit(WMTU )

6. STRIDE Radiofrequency

Jammer


F. MOBILITY AND OPERATIONAL AIDS

The mobile phone jammer mutes the

cellular phones operating in CDMA, GSM

and EGSM bands. The system packaged

in a suitcase effectively prevents the cell

phones operating within a region of 25-30

m from both receiving and making the

calls. It operates on built in battery pack

or external 24V DC supply and can mute

mobile phone triggered radio controlled

improvised explosive devices.

The suitcase mounted hardware is

designed and developed to mute expand

radio-controlled improvised explosive

devices (RCIED) working in 20-500MHz

range. The hardware is packaged in two

suitcases to effectively counter the

threats in 20-500MHz range. The two

units can work independently. System

operates on external 24V DC supply.

Exclusively developed to mute RCIEDs

operating in citizen band of 136-174MHz.

Employs smart muting technique and

offers higher jamming ranges than

conventional jammers as the total power

is concentrated on the detected threat

frequency. System developed as

technology demonstrator.

Various types of bulletproof vehicles

based on light commercial vehicles

suitable for deployment in counter

terrorist operations and for VIP security

have been developed. A prototype of

‘Bullet Proof TATA 713’ 4x4 version with

better cross-country mobility has been

also fabricated. Jackal armour plates

have been used to provides protection

against National Institute of Justice (NIJ)

level III protection. These vehicles are

fitted with firing ports for offensive

retaliation

Riot control vehicles ‘VAJRA’ and ‘MINI

VAJRA’ have been designed using

available commercial vehicles and are

suitable for law enforcement duties and

transportation of security forces along

with their riot control gears to the

affected areas. The vehicles are fitted

with multi-tube tear gas launchers on

roof and are fitted with firing ports for

retaliation from inside the vehicle. The

Useful in muting Commercialized

the cellular and being used

phones by Security

operating in Forces

CDMA, GSM

and EGSM

bands in

conference halls,

prayer halls,

auditoriums etc.

Jamming of Commercialized

RCIED and being used

by Security

Forces

Jjamming RCIED Commercialized

in 136-174 MHz and being used

band by Security

Forces

Provides Commercialized

protection and being used

against enemy by Security

bullets. Under Forces

use by Police,

Paramilitary and

Special forces

for counter

insurgency

operations

(CI Ops)

Riot control by Commercialized

Special forces and being used

for law by Security

enforcement Forces

duties and

transportation of

security forces.

8. Portable Jammer

9. Citizen Band -Suitcase Jammer

1. Bullet Proof Gypsy &

TATA 713

2. Riot Control Vehicles

7. Mobile Phone Jammer


vehicles are also equipped with

accessories such as fire extinguishers,

foldable stretchers and wind direction

indicator

This personnel armor systems for

ground troops (PASGT) helmet provides

ballistic, fragmentation, aural and impact

protection. The helmet conforms to

National Institute of Justice (NIJ) level II

standards for ballistic protection. For

hands free communication, the helmet is

integrated with a boom microphone and

a earpiece which is connected to a radio

set to transmit/receive voice. RT set

allows the soldier to monitor single or

multiple radios/intercoms and transmit

on the selected frequency. The

information passed through this radio set

is secured to avoid any unauthorized

interception.

Consists of soft armour panels (SAP) and

hard armour panels (HAP’s).The SAP is

flexible and covers about 5000 cm2 area

of important body parts whereas HAP (25

cm x 30 cm each) is placed in front and

back of body armour and provides

protection to critical organs of the body

as per specifications of National Institute

of Justice (NIJ)

The synthetic Life Jacket-Mk1 has been

developed to protect the Army

personnel from drowning in water while

crossing any water bodies or river. It is

Oil repellant, Water retardant, Flame

retardant, Light weight i.e. 1.0 Kg,

Buoyancy - 18.5 Kg

The emergency escape chute is a tubular

fishnet made of strong fire resistance

Kevlar fiber which is kept extended by

incorporation of aluminum alloy rings in

the net at an interval of one meter for

evacuation of persons, who get trapped

in high rise building due to fire accident.

Modifications as per requirement are

possible and the same can also be used

for rescue operations and can also be

attached to helicopter or aircraft. It can

also be used for climbing from ground to

the helicopter or vice versa.

Useful for ballistic Available and

protection of tested

head and for

hands free

communication

during CI Ops/

LIC operations.


protection of and being used

the body by Security

against enemy Forces

bullets during

CI Ops/ LIC

operations.

Life jacket can be Commercialized

used for crossing and being used

water obstacles by Security

and bridging Forces

operations.

Provides a Available and

safe & effective tested at lab

method level by

of evacuation Security Forces

from high-rise

buildings and oil

rig platforms

1. Ground Troop Communication

Helmet - Bullet Proof

2. Light Weight Body Armour

3. Synthetic Life Jacket

4. Emergency Escape Chute

G. PERSONNEL PROTECTION


It is a compact, light weight satellite

communication terminal that provides

secure voice/data channel through

Indigenous GSAT 2 satellite. Entire

equipment including antenna and power

supply is housed in a brief case for easy

portability.

Integrated field shelter , modular in

nature with size of 2.4 m dia x 35 m length

is man portable and can be erected within

short time in natural calamity inflicted

areas to provide shelter to affected

families and to carry out rescue

operations. One shelter is adequate for

housing 30 persons. It has provision for

storing drinking water, fitted with micro

processor based communication system

and alarm for Gama rays Shelter is blast

proof (23 psi)

Electro dialysis De-salination plant

converts Brackish water up to 5000 ppm

TDS into potable water. It has Pressure

Filter, Pump and Heterogeneous ion

Exchange Membrane, and has 4 stages

per module and 19 cell pairs per stage.

The energy consumption is about 5-6 kwh

per 1000 litres per kg of salt to be

removed

Ascertain water potability for drinking

purposes. The kit is provided with testing

facilities for both physico-chemical and

bacteriological parameters. The tests are

semi-quantitative and on accept/reject

basis. The kit can test the parameters like

pH, turbidity, total hardness, iron,

chloride, fluoride, nitrate, residual

chlorine and coliform bacteria.

Water poison detection kit helps detection

of deliberate or accidental contamination

of water with various poisons such as

mercury, arsenic, cyanide, chemical

warfare agents and bacterial

contaminants. The kit employs simple

tests, which are based on color reactions

and can be performed by unskilled

persons in the field.

1. Portable Satellite

Communication Terminal

2. Integrated Field Shelter

3. De-Salination of Water

4. Water Testing Field Kit

5. Water Poison Detection Kit

Ideal for use in Commercialized

remote areas and being used

for establishing by Security

emergency Forces

communication

To provide shelter Commercialized

to natural and being

calamity used by

affected Security

persons Forces

Very useful in Commercialized

brackish water and being

treatment, used

specially after

floods.


on the spot and being used

assessment of

physico-chemical

quality and

bacteriological

contamination of

drinking water

Can be used to Commercialized

detect poisonous and being used

agents in

drinking water

under field areas


TECHNOLOGIES & PRODUCTS FOR MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL DISASTER


Water in Eastern region of our Country is

highly contaminated with iron causing

discoloration, turbidity and deposition in

distribution system apart from astringent

taste. A simple and cost effective, water

deferrisation unit can be used for removal

of excess iron from ferruginous water

which is able to bring down the iron

content from 40 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l

(permissible limit). The output capacity of

the system is 300 l/h and can cater to the

need of Army barracks

Provide hygienic, nutritious and tasty

food to the persons deployed in the

forward areas where fresh produce may

not be available and cooking is

cumbersome and time consuming.Food

items have been specially developed for

use in such areas. They are convenient,

light weight, pre-cooked and hygienically

packed. A wide variety of preparations

have been carefully chosen to meet

diverse taste. They are ready to eat or

can be easily prepared within a very

short time . They are shelf stable for a

period of one year under ambient

conditions

Sanjeevani acoustic life detector is

designed to detect live human beings

trapped under debris of collapsed

buildings, landslides or endangered

mines. It can be used in all emergency

rescue operations. The low level acoustic

or sound signals generated by hitting,

tapping, scratching or moaning which are

indicative of life are detected by the

device. It is very effective in detecting

sounds through air or through the brick

walls even when the source of sound is a

few meters away. The special feature of

this equipment is that the sound signals

can be detected even through water. The

design of the device permits operation by

one person

A Light Weight Foldable Stretcher made

of high strength lightweight materials

comprising of aluminum and nylon etc

has been developed for Armed Forces. It

folds into four segments and can be

brought into operation within one minute.

The stretcher is user-friendly and is

around 6.6 kg in weight.

6. Iron Removal Unit

7. Meals-Ready-to-Eat (MRE)

8. Life Detector-SANJEEVANI

9. Light Weight Foldable

Stretcher

Removal of Commercialized

excess iron from and being used

drinking water by Security

Forces

Can be used to Commercialized

meet nutritional and being used

requirements by Security

during natural Forces

calamity

situations and

special missions

Detection of live Commercialized

human being and being used

trapped inside

soil/ debris

during disaster

Management,

Building

collapses etc.


evacuation of and tested

casualties

during Natural

disasters


Detection of Salmonella. typhi antigen for

diagnosis of Typhoid fever, which is an

important water borne disease and

major health problem in the aftermath of

floods, earthquake and other natural

calamities. Antibody measurement of

single serum sample by conventional

Widal test is not helpful in endemic areas

and the detection of rising antibody titres

is too slow to allow quick decision by the

clinician. Therefore, a latex agglutination

based test has been developed using

recombinant DNA technology.

An antigen detection kit for diagnosis of

Leptospirosis which is an important

water borne disease and major health

problem in the aftermath of floods,

earthquake and other natural calamities.

The disease is caused by the bacterium

Leptospira and is prevalent in tropical

countries.

Falcipin kit is based on agglutination of

Histidine Rich Protein (HRP-II) secreted

by malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum

during asexual stages and rapture of

parasite. HRP-II protein has been

purified and recombinant protein made

available by DNA technology. The

polyclonal antibodies are coated on latex

particles and used as detection system

for malarial antigen from suspected

blood samples. The positive sample

shows a clear agglutination reaction

within two minutes.

Light weight fire approach and fire

proximity suit are available weighing 6.4

and 7.2 kg having three & four fabric

layers respectively. Approach suits

protect body from radiant heat for 10

minutes and the proximity suit for about

4 minutes against conductive, convective

and radiant heat. The components of suit

include- coat, trouser, overall, hood,

gloves & boots

10. Typhoid Detection Kit

(Typhigen)

11. Leptospirosis Antigen

Detection Kit (Leptodec)

12. Malaria detection kit

(Falcipin)

13. Light Weight Fire

Protective Suit

Useful in early Available and

diagnosis of tested

Typhoid fever to

adopt effective

control measures

in natural calamity

situation


diagnosis of tested

Leptospirosis in

natural calamity

situation


detection of tested in real

life

Malaria in natural

calamity

situation

Protection Available and

against fire tested at lab

during any level

natural or man

made calamity


A broad spectrum insect repellent

manufactured using the base drug

diethylphenylacetamide developed

indigenously to protect human beings

from the painful bites of blood sucking

organisms such as mosquito, flies, ratflea

and land leeches. The spray, cream and

lotion formulations have been developed.

Extensive studies have been carried out

for its bio-efficacy and toxicity including

inhalation toxicity. No untoward effect on

mammalian systems has been found.

It is a clinical syndrome which occurs

generally after a latent period of some

days or even months after exposure to

various kind of stress. The symptoms

include recurrent intrusive recollections

of the stressful event, autonomic over

activity (rapid pulse, tremors, wide pupils,

startle reactions), emotional detachment,

avoidance of stimuli that might arouse

and recollections of trauma. DRDO has

done lot of work on mitigation of PTSD in

low intensity conflict infested areas of

J&K and North East and has come out

with various modules to overcome it

14. Multi Insect Repellent

(DEPA)

15. Mitigation of Post Traumatic

Stress Disorder (PTSD)


protection and being

against mosquito usedby

bites and Security

as insect Forces

repellent

To overcome Available and

PTSD in natural being used in

calamity real life

affected persons

Ministry ofEarth Sciences


Ministry of Earth Sciences 71

MoES area of competence cover a gamut of policies and programmes that contribute to societal benefits

in the areas of Weather (General), Weather advisories specific to agriculture, aviation, shipping,

sports, etc, Monsoon, Disasters (cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, sea level rise), Living and non-living

resources (fishery advisory, poly-metallic nodules, gas hydrates, etc), Coastal and Marine Ecosystems

and Climate Change.

The programmes of the ministry have been cast broadly into the following categories viz.,

(i) Atmospheric science and related services, (ii) Ocean science and related services (iii) Disaster Support

(iv) Polar science and cryosphere (v) Ocean technology(vi) Coastal and marine Ecology (vii) Climate

Change Studies (viii) Ocean Resources (ix) Extramural Research (x) Infrastructure Development/Outreach.

MoES aims to create a framework for understanding the complex interactions among

key elements of the Earth System, namely ocean, atmosphere and solid earth, by encompassing

national programmes in Ocean science, meteorology, climate, environment and seismology.

Some of the technology of core competence to ministry which could be of interest to State governments

is as follows:

Atmospheric Science and ServicesDistrict-level agro-meteorological advisory services: Quantitative District-level agro-meteorological

advisory service along with 5 days advance, covering all 450 met districts, has been made operational

for farmers from December 2009 in partnership with a number of Central Government Ministries and

organizations, state level institutions, private agencies, NGOs, progressive farmers and media. Through

this service, farmers receive farm based advisories during sowing season, regarding weather-sensitive

high yield variety of seeds, need-based application of fertiliser, pesticides, insecticides, efficient irrigation

and harvest.

Monsoon Prediction: The Ministry, as a major path breaking step has taken up the modernization of

India Meteorology Department (IMD), envisaging up-gradation of observing and forecasting systems,

communication facility and services rendered. The Government has approved Rs 920 Crore for the first

phase of IMD modernization. The main objective of the modernization programme is to enhance India

Metrological Department’s capability to provide accurate observations and advance warnings against

natural hazards and develop appropriate dissemination systems to inform the public and disaster

managers for initiating necessary actions so that lives and properties are saved. It is envisaged that

within this decade IMD will emerge as a transformed and globally competitive organization, fully

equipped with modern observational systems and network capable of providing to the Nation knowledge

based services hitherto unavailable. Strengthened Atmospheric Observing Systems by completing

installation of over 200 systems, including AWS, ARG, DWR, GPS sonde, wind profiles, etc. Data

Processing System for INSAT 3D has been set up for immediate operational use as soon as it is launched.

Out of 4 high performance computing systems planned as a part of modernization, two have been installed

and will be operational by January 2010 one each at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

(INCOIS), Hyderabad and Indian Institute of Tropical Metrology (IITM) Pune. The will augment

substantially capability of Assimilation and coupled models. Increase the resolution of the current GFS

to T382L64 (horizontal resolution of approximately 35Km

Ministry of Earth Sciences

Ministry of Earth Sciences72

Cyclone monitoring: The Cyclone Forecasting Wing in IMD has a three-tier structure to cater to the

needs of the maritime states and other users. There are Cyclone Warning Centres (CWCs) at

Visakhapatnam, Ahmedabad and Bhubaneswar that provide cyclone warnings for coastal regions of the

maritime states in which they are located. In addition, there are area-based Cyclone Warning Centres

(ACWC) at Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai that not only provide warnings to their respective maritime

states but also supervise the advisories of these centres under their jurisdiction. The ACWCs / CWCs

issue warnings at three hourly intervals to ships in the high seas, ships in coastal waters, ports, fishermen,

government officials and the general public regarding adverse weather likely to be experienced in their

respective areas. During a cyclone warning, bulletins are broadcast through All India Radio (AIR) and

electronic and print media. When a radar station tracks the cyclone with confidence, which happens

usually about 24 hours before landfall, hourly broadcasts are also made. Warning dissemination channel

Cyclone warnings are disseminated through radio, television, print media, telephones, fax, telex,

telegrams, police wireless network et al. A specially designed Cyclone Warning Dissemination System,

which works via the INSAT satellite, provides area specific service even when there is a failure of

conventional communication channels. These warnings are issued for general public, officials of Central

and State government responsible for disaster mitigation and relief, industrial and other establishments,

railways, aviation, communications and power authorities. These warnings are disseminated in two

stages. The first stage is called “Cyclone Alert” that is issued 48 hours in advance of the expected

commencement of adverse weather over the coastal areas. The second stage is known as “Cyclone

Warning” and a warning for this is issued 24 hours in advance. A pre-cyclone warning is instituted prior

to cyclone alert and a post landfall outlook is issued for areas in the interior, which may be affected by

the cyclone.

Skills and capabilities The average operational forecast error of IMD for 24 hours track forecast

is about 140 km. Considering the landfall forecast of cyclones, based on the last five years’ data, the 12

hour and 24 hour landfall forecast errors are comparable with those of other ocean basins. However,

continuous efforts are being made to improve effective dissemination of efficient forecasts. This can be

achieved through improved scientific understanding, enhanced observation network and improved

modelling technique through collaborative research. Improved telecommunication mechanism, along

with coordination with media and disaster management personnel are given prime importance in this

effort. Besides, timely projects are undertaken for improved understanding and prediction through

special observations in and around the tropical cyclones and utilizing improved modelling techniques.

Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment - CAIPEEX: IITM has taken up

a Phase I multi-year, multi-institutional programme on CAIPEEX. The phase-I program conducted

during the monsoon of 2009. The aircraft being used is a twin engine Piper Cheyenne N361 JC pressurized,

which can go up to an altitude of 25000 ft. It was fitted with scientific instruments to measure several

parameters. The CAIPEEX completed 120 hours of flying as a part of Phase-1. CAIPEEX program is

intended to address the intricacies of the aerosol-cloud-rainfall interactions. It has two components viz.

(1) Understanding Cloud–Aerosol interaction and (2) Precipitation Enhancement. The experiment uses

statistical methods in conjunction with numerical model simulations to evaluate the performance of the

experiment. Phase I and Phase I Phase II (planned for 2010) are for data collection Phase-III will be

devoted for the detailed scientific analysis of the data. This information could be useful for some states

where cloud seeding experiments are being conducted

Ocean Science and Information ServicesFisheries Advisories for identified Potential Fishing Zones (PFZ): A unique system of Fisheries

Advisories based on identification of potential fishing zones (PFZ) using remote sensing technology has

Ministry of Earth Sciences 73

been made operational. A new Tuna fishery advisory on experimental basis has been initiated. The

PFZ advisories prepared in local languages and local measurement units are disseminated to over 225

nodes, thrice a week through innovative and novel initiatives such as Electronic Display Boards and

Information Kiosks at the fishing harbors, radio, print media, emails and web sites supplementing fax

and telephone. Over 70 electronic Display boards were installed in selected coastal areas for dissemination

of the information.

Disaster SupportEarly Warning System for Tsunami and Storm Surge: A state-of-the-art Tsunami Warning System was set

up, with a capability to forewarn of impending disasters within 13 minutes of the occurrence of an

earthquake, whereas the Tsunami takes more than 2 hours to reach mainland India. The early warning

system monitors potential tsunamigenic earthquakes, sea level propagation of tsunami waves in the

ocean, and consequent sea level changes. This centre has been recognized as a Regional Tsunami Watch

Provider for the Indian Ocean Region and started operation of Level-1 services as Regional Tsunami

Watch Provider (RTWP) to the Indian Ocean Rim countries.

Microzonation Studies of Selected Urban Centres: Microzonation is a multi-disciplinary and multi-

institutional effort, which has direct application in disaster mitigation and management, urban

development, planning, design and construction, and risk assessment to existing life & property, defense

installations, heavy industry and public utilities and services, etc. During the last few years’ efforts have

been made to take up microzonation studies for Delhi, Guwahati, Sikkim and Bangalore. While the

microzonation of Guwahati and Sikkim has already been completed on 1:25000 scale, the work related to

Delhi on 1:50,000 scale has been completed and the maps are being further refined on 1:10,000 scale.

Polar Science & cryosphereAs in earlier years, MoES undertook expeditions to Antarctica and Arctic for research in Polar Regions.

There are in addition to our permanent round- the- year 25 strong contingents of scientists, doctors and

support staff in Antarctica. Polar research may reveal important aspects of climate change and warming

over thousands of years. Considering the critical importance of polar science, India is in the process of

setting up of 3rd Antarctica station.

Ocean TechnologyLow Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD): In May 2005, a 1 lakh litre per day capacity of Low

Temperature Thermal Desalination Technology was developed, commissioned and made operational at

Kavaratti (Lakshadweep) for providing the fresh water to the islanders. Using Waste Heat from Power

Plants, NIOT demonstrated LTTD technology by commissioning a plant and producing fresh water at

the first trial run at the North Chennai Power Plant on 22.2.2009.The capacity of the plant is 1 lakh liter

per day. It is running successfully. Besides, 3 more desalination plants of 1 lakh liter capacity one each

are being setup at Minicoy, Agatti and Androth of Lakshadweep islands. One plant at Agatti is to be

commissioned by March, 2010. Currently, Public-Private Partnerships are being explored for further

development of the technology for up scaling to capacities of the order of 10 million litre per day offshore

plant.

Mining Technology: Towards harnessing deep sea resources, National Institute of Ocean Technology

(NIOT) developed and tested an instrument to measure sea bed soil properties in-situ, at a depth of 5200

Ministry of Earth Sciences74

metre. A prototype for Remotely Operated Vehicle has been developed and tested successfully at a

depth of over 3000 metre. The complete hardware and software for the instrumentation and control

system was developed by Indian scientists. India is one among the handful of nations bearing the capacity

for deep sea mining. National Institute of Ocean Technology, the technical arm of the Ministry of Earth

Sciences has taken up this challenging area of developing technologies for harnessing ocean resources.

As a part of technology development for harnessing the Gas Hydrate Technology NIOT is in the

process to develop and demonstrate a 6000m rated deep water work class remotely operable vehicle

(ROSUB6000) in association with the engineering design bureau of Oceanological Engineering, Russian

Academy of sciences of Moscow. Deep water trials of ROSUB were conducted at a depth of 3000 m in the

Bay of Bengal in May 2009 successfully.

Coastal Marine EcologyField station for Ornamental Fish Culture: A Field Research Station at Agatti island of Lakshadweep

during March 2009 to develop hatchery technology for captive breeding of marine ornamental fishes

and transfer this technology to the islanders. This will help in enhancing the livelihood of the people as

well as protect marine biodiversity.

Technology for fattening of Lobsters and mud crabs: National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai,

successfully developed and disseminated viable technology for fattening lobsters and mud crabs in

cages to select beneficiaries in Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and Andaman Islands, on an experimental

basis. There has been a substantial improvement in earnings of coastal fishermen due to implementation

of this scheme. The technology for seaweed culture will be extended to 100 women beneficiaries in Gulf

of Mannar region, 25 women beneficiaries each for lobster fattening in Gulf of Mannar and crab fattening

in Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Climate Change ScienceCentre for Climate Change Research: The Ministry has set up a dedicated centre for Climate Change

Research at Pune to address various scientific issues relating to climate change including impacts on

sectors like health, agriculture and water. With the mandate to explore and assess targeted science-facets

of climate change that are of high relevance for the Indian region, along with their global linkages through

the creation of a research infrastructure to be coordinated by a exclusive program on climate change

science, integrate existing research groups and develop new groups through the development of

institutional research network, developing collaborative linkages with international institutions and

research groups to enhance research capabilities, coordinate systematic observation program for climate

change related parameters including fluxes, over Indian region and ocean in the neighborhood.

Ocean ResourcesDelineation of Outer Limits of Continental Shelf UNCLOS) under the provision of the United Nations

Convention on Law of the Sea – 1982. The Ministry with the support of the research institutes completed

the entire work relating to data/analysis of sea-bed sedimentation etc. in order to stake India’s claim to

the continental shelf by the prescribed dead line of the 12th May, 2009. India made a partial submission

in pursuant to Article 76 of the 1982 UNCLOS towards the establishment of the outer limit of its continental

shelf beyond zoo nautical miles in May, 2009.

Indian Space ResearchOrganisation/

Department of Space


Indian Space Research Organisation 77

Indian Space Research Organisation/Department of Space

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)/Department of Space (DOS) has the primary responsibility

of development of space technology, science and related applications towards achieving self reliance

and to contribute in all round development of the nation. ISRO/DOS undertakes research and

development activities related to space technology in the country and implements various space

programmes towards meeting the societal needs. Antrix Corporation was set up by ISRO/DOS to

promote commercial exploitation of space products, technical consultancy services and transfer of

technologies developed by ISRO with the active participation of Industries. ISRO/DOS is committed

for following:

• Carrying out research and development in high end technologies required for satellites and launch

vehicles with a goal to achieve self-reliance

• Providing space-based infrastructure for telecommunications and broadcasting needs of the country

• Providing satellite imagery and contributing towards natural resources survey and management

• Providing space based services required for weather forecasting/ monitoring and climate related

studies

• Providing space based services required for developmental purposes to the Central Government,

State Governments, Quasi Governmental Organisations, NGOs, private sector and common man

• Promoting research and development in space sciences and planetary exploration

India has operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) series in sun-synchronous polar orbit, namely,

IRS-1D, Oceansat-1 & 2, Technology Experiment Satellite (TES), Resourcesat-1, Cartosat-1, 2, 2A, Indian

Mini Satellite (IMS-1) and RISAT-2. India has, one of the largest constellations of remote sensing

satellites, for earth resources studies, in the world today. These satellites provide data with spatial

resolutions ranging from 360m to less than 1m and in different spectral ranges – visible, near infrared,

short wave infrared and microwave with frequent revisit capabilities. Further, some of the INSAT satellites

in geostationary orbit also provide coarse resolution earth observation data, specifically for weather

systems studies and monitoring. A unique system called National Natural Resources Management System

(NNRMS) has been set up to optimally manage country’s natural resources using Remote Sensing and

conventional techniques. State level Remote Sensing Application Centres (SRSACs) have been set up

under the technical guidance of ISRO/NNRMS to carryout Remote Sensing application projects for the

particular state/region. Under the aegis of NNRMS, large number of projects have been carried out by

ISRO and SRSACs at National/Regional/Local levels.

INSAT, one of the largest domestic communications satellite constellations in the region, provides services

in S-band, C-band, Extended C-band and Ku-band addressing wide varieties of user needs in the

country. With more than 200 transponders, the INSAT system serves many important sectors of the

Indian economy. INSAT/EDUSAT has played an important role in the country’s social development

through well laid out education program. Tele-medicine network has been established to cater to the

poorer section of society in rural villages. The technology provides necessary linkages to reach super

specialist medical services to the remote and rural population.

Almost all the states in the country have made use of the space technology applications with diversified

results. Particularly, ISRO/DOS has taken specific initiatives through respective State Governments to

Indian Space Research Organisation78

see that necessary manpower and infrastructure is established to use space technology at State level.

This has helped many States to establish State Remote Sensing Application Centres (SRSACs) which

cater to all natural resources related applications for developmental purposes. Following figure illustrates

the nation-wide coverage of such centres and their institutionalisation framework to cater to all

developmental efforts of the country.

Some of the major technology/applications which are used/made available towards developmental

applications and commercialisation are:


S. No. Technology / Applications Description Validation/Utility

Ten states (Andhra Pradesh,

Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala,

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,

Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh,

Orissa and Gujarat) have been

completed in different phases and

remaining states are being taken

up. So far, more than 275,000 wells

have been drilled with above 90%

success rate and more than 7000

recharge structures have been

constructed.

The maps are used for identifying

areas for reclamation (to bring

under cultivation, afforestation

etc.). The comparative analysis of

statistics shows that there is

reduction of 8.58 Mha (63.85 - 55.27

Mha) area during these periods,

equivalent to 2.71% to total

geographical area of the country.

The inputs generated under IMSD

have been used by many district

authorities for implementing land

and water resources development

plans. Remote sensing based

studies helped in understanding the

impact of watershed development

works and providing suggestions

for midcourse corrections/

improvements Innovative use of

remote sensing, GIS and web

based MIS/GIS has enabled close

monitoring of the project

implementation and has brought in

transparency. The S/W tools

developed under Sujala Project is

being replicated for NWDPRA and

IWDP projects.

1. Ground water prospect and Ground water prospects and

recharge maps under Rajiv recharge maps on 1:50,000 scale

Gandhi National Drinking Water towards scientific source finding of

Mission (RGNDWM) water and for recharging have

been prepared using remote

sensing data.

2. National wasteland mapping Wasteland maps for the entire

country have been prepared on

1:50,000 scale during 1986-2000 and

updated in 2003. Further updation

of Wasteland types using 2006

satellite data is nearing completion.

3. Watershed development Integrated Mission for Sustainable

plannin Development (IMSD) project,

based on integration of various

themes and collateral information,

carried out in about 84 Mha in 175

districts of the country, wherein

watershed wise land and water

resources management plans

were prepared.

Under National Watershed

Development Programme for Rain

fed Areas (NWDPRA), about 120

watersheds throughout the country

were monitored during 8th and 9th

FY plan period to assess the impact

of various developmental

programmes, which had been

undertaken in those

watersheds.

Participatory monitoring and

evaluation of 752 micro-watersheds

under Sujala Watershed

Development Programme in 5

districts (Kolar, Tumkur,

Chitradurga, Dharwad & Haveri) of

Karnataka has been carried out.



4. Potential Fishing Zone Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)

Advisories forecasts are made by integrating

information on Ocean Colour and

Sea Surface Temperature (SST),

both derived from the satellite data.

PFZ advisories in local languages

and local measurement units are

disseminated thrice in a week to

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka,

Goa, Kerala, North Tamil Nadu,

Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West

Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar and

Lakshadweep Islands by Indian

National Centre for Ocean

Information Services (INCOIS) of

Ministry of Earth Sciences.

5. Monitoring of agricultural The National Agricultural Drought

drought Assessment & Monitoring System

(NADAMS) project, operational

since 1989, involves the analysis of

satellite data and integration with

ground information for assessing

the prevalence, severity and

persistence of agricultural drought

at district and sub-district level

during the Kharif season (June to

October).13 states - AP, Karnataka,

TN, Orissa, Maharashtra, Gujarat,

MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar

Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana and

Rajasthan are covered.

6. Urban and infrastructure Establishment of National Urban

development Information System (NUIS) for

about 158 towns with the objective

of establishing a comprehensive

information system, which will

enable the urban local bodies to

prepare Master/Zonal plans, and

administering towns/cities in a

scientific manner.

7. Disaster Management Monitoring and impact assessment

Support (DMS) of all major natural disasters -

cyclone, flood, drought,

earthquake, landslide, forest fire,

tsunami etc.Creation of digital

database - spatial and attribute, in

GIS Generation of close-contour

information for hazard zonation -

Under INCOIS, 370 nodes have

been established and PFZ

information is sent through phone,

fax, email and electronic display

boards where PFZ maps are being

distributed. Through internet and

Web-GIS further about 5700 user

groups are receiving the forecast

including fishery departments/

central govt. agencies/corporate

and fishermen groups. In total

more than 30,000 users are

benefited through PFZ forecast.

Feedback indicates on an average

80% success rate in catching fish.

Monthly drought reports are

submitted to the Ministry of

Agriculture and State Departments

of Agriculture and Relief

Commissioner of different states.

The drought information is used in

the crop review meetings and

contingency planning during the

season. At the end of the season,

the drought information is used as

input for the drought declaration

process.

High-resolution data has been very

useful for mapping and preparing

the master plan development for

many cities/town of the country,

such as, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad,

Mumbai, Bangalore, National

Capital Region, Pimpri, Indore etc.

Many infrastructure related

studies/projects have been also

carried out using remote sensing

data like, pipeline routing, road

alignment etc.

The information is provided to

concerned State Relief

Commissioners/District Authorities,

MHA, NDMA and others. In

addition satellite based Virtual

Private Network (VPN) linking the

vital players (like MHA, National

Emergency Operation Centres



flood, landslide, tsunami storm-

surge using Airborne Laser Terrain

Mapper (ALTM)All weather

imaging capability through

development of Airborne Synthetic

Aperture Radar (A-SAR)

8. Natural Resources Census The NRC project aims at

(NRC) generation of a set of thematic

maps using IRS images to prepare

natural resources information

layers viz., land use/land cover,

soil, land degradation, wetlands,

vegetation, snow & glaciers and

geomorphology at 1:50,000 scale

and land use/land cover at

1:250,000 scale, periodically for

monitoring of natural resources

9. Forecasting Agricultural output Crop Acreage and Production

through Agro-meteorology and Estimation (CAPE) is a countrywide

Land based observations project executed by DOS along

(FASAL) with various State Remote Sensing

Applications Centres, State

Departments of Agriculture and

Agriculture Universities. Acreage

and production estimates for

principal crops such as wheat, rice,

sorghum, cotton, potato, mustard

and groundnut are generated

under the project using stratified

random sampling approach.Based

on the experience of CAPE,

Forecasting Agricultural output

through Agro-meteorology and

Land based observations (FASAL),

which envisages phased

implementation in collaboration

with State Agricultural Statistical

Agencies has been institutionalised.

10. Space based Information The aim of this project is to prepare

System for Decentralized district resource atlases using

Planning (SIS-DP)– remote sensing and GIS

being taken up techniques on 1:10,000 scale

comprising land use, settlement,

road network, slope and other

natural resources to strengthen

various aspects of decentralised

NEOC) involved in disaster

management with the multi-hazard

prone State Emergency Operation

Centres (SEOCs), Disaster Support

Centre (DSC) of ISRO/DOS has

been set up. WLL-VSAT, Satellite

Phone (INSAT Type-D), Fishermen

Distress Terminal (DAT), DTH based

Disaster Warning Dissemination

System (DDWS) have been tested

and deployed/being deployed.

The project is being executed with

the active involvement of SRSACs.

The information is useful for

identifying hot spot areas which has

under gone rapid changes, and for

conserving the natural resources.

The information is made available

through portal

www.bhusampada.nrsc.gov.in

The figures on pre-harvest acreage

and production estimates are

regularly provided to DAC in

advance for assessing the crop

production scenario.

The outcomes of this mission is

envisaged to establish and enable

the information system comprising

of spatial natural resources and

non-spatial data towards supporting

the panchayats & districts for the

decentralized planning. The project

is intended to be executed and



supported by State Remote Sensing

Application Centres / Institutes / IT

Departments and Industries.

Data has been disseminated

through various portals of ISRO to

authentic users regularly.The

recently launched Bhuvan provides

satellites images of entire country

up to 5.8 m spatial resolution. This

portal enables interactive viewing

of 2D & 3D images and maps. This

has been most popular with more

than 5 Crore hits.

Tele-medicine has helped remote/

rural people to get specialty health

care at their village/town. Tele-

medicine project was started in the

year 2001. At present 382 hospitals

have been linked in the

telemedicine programme, out of

which 323 are district/rural

hospitals and 59 are super specialty

hospitals. More than 650,000

patients have availed the services.

The main aim is to provide quality

education to under privileged rural

areas and to provide the services

of talented experienced teachers to

a larger audience.

At present, there are 64 Networks

working in the country (52,158

Classrooms - 5,083 Interactive and

47,075 Receive only)

Regular curriculum based teaching

through this programme has

helped thousand of students.

district level planning through a co-

ordinated approach. The work has

been initiated for A.P., Assam,

Haryana, Kerala and West Bengal.

11. Data dissemination efforts ISRO has been generating and

populating large amount of

geospatial data and being made

available through various web

portals.Some of them are NNRMS

(comprises Natural Resources

Data Base), Bhuvan (Earth

Observation Image Visualisation

Portal), Bhusampada (NRC project

database), MOSDAC (ocean and

weather related)

www.nnrms.gov.in

www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in

www.bhusampada.nrsc.gov.in

www.mosdac.gov.in

www.nrsc.gov.in

12. Tele-medicine Tele-medicine facility caters to the

transmission of patient’s medical

images, records, output from

medical services, besides live two-

way audio and video conferencing

provided through satellite

communication link. With the help

of these, a specialist doctor advises

a doctor in rural area or a

paramedic at the patient’s end,

online about the medical care. Tele-

medicine system consists of

customized medical software along

with medical diagnosis instruments

connected through the satellite

based communication means (like

VSAT), at each location.

13. Tele-education An exclusive satellite EDUSAT

was launched for this purpose in

the year 2004. EDUSAT has

specially configured to cater to

the need of regional and national

level requirements. It has five Ku-

band transponders to cover the

regional areas and one Ku-band

and another six C-band

transponders for national

coverage. The interactions are

done through two types of

terminals- Receive only Terminals

(ROTs) and Satellite Interactive



Terminal Terminals (SITs). ROT

connectivity is mainly used for

primary schools, where as, SIT

links are given for technical and

higher education institutes.

14. Village Resource Centres The VRC programme launched

by (VRCs) ISRO/DOS in 2004

for reaching the benefits of the

space technology directly to the

communities at the grass root level.

This project strives to promote a

need based single window delivery

system for providing services

in the areas of education, health,

nutrition, weather, environment,

agriculture and livelihoods to the

rural population and to empower

them to face the challenges. This is

being implemented in association

with concerned NGOs/ Trusts/

Institutes, state and central

agencies.

The VRC is a totally interactive (two

way audio-video) VSAT based

network, linked to various Expert

Centres (ECs), where experts are

available on various fields like

agriculture, animal husbandry, skill

development, etc; who provide

online advisories to the villagers.

Indigenously developed S/W

GRAMINS (Gram Resources

Advisories Management and

INformation System) has been

provided to VRCs for visualising

Natural resources database.

15. Distress Alert Transmitter INSAT based Distress Alert

(DAT) Transmitter (DAT) is used to

transmit emergency conditions

and position location to a central

hub station via UHF transponder

of INSAT for rescue operation. It

can be easily installed in boats or

other vehicles. In case of

emergency, user just needs to

switch on the DAT unit. User is

required to select a message (e.g.

fire in boat) by pressing the

corresponding switch provided in

the system. The DAT combines the

message with position of the boat

473 VRCs have been set up in 22

States/UTs.

50 Expert Centres and

25 Specialty hospitals are linked in

the network

More than 6000 programmes were

conducted online and around

400,000 people availed the services.

Large number offline activities like

health camps, SHG awareness, skill

development, farmers camps etc

have also been regularly organised.

Intended for emergency message

communication transmission for all

type of sea going vessels.

Useful for fisherman.



Voice, Fax and Data communication

from any remote location in the

Indian mainland region is possible.

Reliable communication support

when all other conventional means

fail.Communication support during

disasters like floods, earthquake

etc.

Useful for in-situ data collection,

field level disaster damage

assessment and GPS data

collection

Useful for non interactive &

interactive e-Learning; Corporate

training programs; disaster

management service and for

satellite based news gathering

To and fro email transfer between

public and organization network

and file downloading from Internet

(or any other network) to

organization network without

connecting both of them.Enriching

usage of thin client base Internet

surfing without comprising on user

obtained through GPS, and

transmits the same to a central

HUB station. The DAT will repeat

the message every minute for first

five minutes and then every five

minutes till it is switched off

manually or until the battery life

gets over.

16. Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) This terminal provides voice

Type D Terminal communication link between two

portable terminals and between

terminals to Public Switched

Telephone Network (PSTN) via hub

station. The MSS Type D System is

having portable terminal with flat

panel antenna and operates in

S-band. This is a battery operated

terminal with talk time of 3 Hrs and

standby time of 24 Hrs.

17. Q-PAD Mobile GIS GPS Q-Pad is menu driven mobile GIS-

Software GPS software and allows access

and manipulation of GIS data in

field using Pocket PC. Real time

integration of GPS data with GIS

layer and overlay of GPS, GIS and

remote sensing data is made easy

through Q-Pad.

18. Satellite based interactive IP Satellite based Interactive IP (SIIP)

Network (SIIP) network developed for EDUSAT

programme of ISRO is low cost and

most suitable for small size

broadcasting network

requirements. The IP Interactive

network consists of a Satellite with

minimum 3 MHz bandwidth, the

Network Control Station in the

Teaching End, unlimited Receive

Only Terminals (ROT) intended to

receive the programs and a group

of Satellite Interactive Terminals

(SIT) for two way audio/video

interactions.

19. Phantom Connectivity ISRO has developed Phantom

Network Toggling Mechanism. The

system comprises of an

organizational network, third party

network(s) (say internet), a

phantom server with intermediate

data storage, a toggling mechanism

to isolate the organizational



network from the third party

network. It permits secured data

communication between the

organizational network and the

third party network. The network

toggle control is through PC parallel

interface. This is extremely useful

to organizations for allowing users

connected to their Intranet to send

email to external world without

connecting Intranet with Internet.

Phantom connectivity model

enables organization to copy users

download data from Internet to

Intranet without connecting both

the networks. Some features are:

low cost, 24X7 operated, high (100/

1000 Mbps) speed data transfer,

high reliability, secured and fully

automated.

20. DTH based Disaster Warning ISRO has developed a DTH based

Dissemination System Disaster Warning Dissemination

System which will find wide

applications for disaster warning

dissemination during flood,

earthquake, tsunami, cyclone,

landslides, civil disturbances etc.

Function(s) of each warning

receiver deployed at different

places can be controlled from

transmit end. The system can

disseminate data Direct to Home

(DTH) or to community centres and

public places. Warning message

originating station will select

individual receiver or group of

receivers at a time deployed at

different parts of the country.

Receiver consists of a specially

designed SET TOP BOX with

Hardware and Software.

21. Satellite Photogram-metry ISRO has developed Satellite

Software for Indian Remote Photogrammerty Software for

Sensing Missions-Cartosat-1 Indian Remote Sensing Missions –

(SAPHIRE-C) Cartosat-1 (SAPHIRE-C) which can

process Cartosat-1 satellite stereo

data products to generate Digital

Elevation Model (DEM) and

Orthoimage for the user interest

area. The software accepts the

Cartosat-1 stereo-pair products

and Ground Control Points (GCP)

needs to get download data on

organization network.

Disaster warnings broadcasted

from Government agencies during

emergencies

Viewing entertainment programs

broadcasted on free to air channels

The DEM can be used in

applications like extraction of

drainage patterns, contour line

generation, terrain visualisation and

generating Orthoimage. The

Orthoimage can be used for

topographic mapping applications.

This also gives a bird’s eye view of

the terrain undulation of the given

area to an appreciable accuracy.



The AWS can immediately provide

information on current weather

and an anomaly from normal/

expected weather.

The AWS systems especially in

coastal areas could provide

valuable data on the landfall of

tropical cyclones and their impact

in terms of heavy rainfall and high

winds.

Specific advisory services related

to agriculture- irrigation,

scheduling, fertilizer application,

spraying of pesticides etc. could

also be generated by a team of

agronomist / meteorologist using

data from AWS. A network of more

than 1000 AWS has already been

established by ISRO / ANTRIX in

close collaboration with user

agencies.

Low cost, robust image processing

and GIS package.

The beacon is used in sea, on

difficult terrains on the land and in

air by various groups of people.

as inputs. The software has been

tested on a variety of regions from

plain to highly hilly terrain and is

utilized in various remote sensing

application projects.

22. Automatic Weather Station The state of the art Automatic

(AWS) Weather Station (AWS) is designed

as a very compact, modular,

rugged, powerful, low cost system

and housed in a portable, self

contained package. The AWS

consists of compact Data Logger,

Data Transmitter, Crossed Yagi

Antenna, GPS, Solar Panel and

Meteorological Sensors (e.g. air

temp., relative humidity,

atmospheric pressure, wind

direction, wind speed, solar

radiation, rain gauge, soil

temperature, and soil moisture

etc.). AWS Transmits

Meteorological data every hour

from any remote station installed

in the foot print of INSAT / KALPANA

Satellite. The DRT on board INSAT

3A and Kalpana satellites has

capacity to accommodate over

10,000 such AWS systems spread

over the country.

23. IGIS Software Indigenous GIS (IGIS) software

package is indigenously developed

to carry out GIS analysis and image

processing for Natural Resource

Development. IGIS is a seamless

Geomatics application with both

single user / multiuser platform and

includes GIS, Image Processing and

its integration with the real time

information using GPS.

24. Search and Rescue Beacon Search and Rescue Beacon is an

affordable and technically

advanced electronic device that

helps to rescue people in distress

through satellite communication.

The beacon transmits encoded

digital message that contains

information about the beacon, such

as its unique identification number,

country where the beacon is

registered etc. along with current

location of the beacon. The beacon



gets location information from

Global Positioning System. Various

search and rescue satellites under

COSPAS-SARSAT network receives

transmitted signals. The messages

are processed and retransmitted

to different ground stations. These

dedicated ground stations receives

message and alert rescue centres

nearest to spot of accident. The

rescue centre in turn initiates

rescue operation.

25. Sparse Area Communication The Sparse Area Communications

System System (SACS) consists of one Hub

and up to 16 Remote Terminals

(RT) providing voice and data

service to about 1500 subscribers

spread over widely separated

areas hitherto not covered by

existing communication

technologies in a cost effective way.

The SACS system consists of a Hub

and multiple Remote Terminals

subsystems connected by a

satellite link. The Hub has standard

interfaces to PSTN and Internet for

voice and data traffic. It also

interfaces to a Network

Management System (NMS) for

control and monitoring of the entire

SACS System. The RT uses a 2.4 m

Antenna interfacing to a corDECT

system for voice and data

connectivity and supports a user

base of up to 200 subscribers.

26. Polyurethane Foot Polyurethane systems are mainly

used as microcellular elastomers

and foams. The development of PU

foams for rocket motor

applications has resulted in an

important spin off in the form of

artificial foot prosthesis. ISRO has

developed the moulding technique

to produce integral skin

polyurethane foot possessing

required mobility, gait dorsiflexion,

planar flexion properties etc. The

PU foot developed by ISRO has

numerous advantages over the

traditional Jaipur foot. The

prostheses were made of variable

density microcellular elastomer. It

To communicate in widely

separated areas, which are not

covered by existing communication

technologies.

Amputees especially among the

poor and needy in the country are

being benefitted from free

prostheses replacement.



Apart from the above, ISRO/DOS has developed number of Technologies/Applications in the areas of

natural resources management, communication, weather, disaster related etc., which has contributed

significantly for the development of the country. Further ISRO/DOS has established symbiotic linkages

with more than 500 industries in small, medium and large scale sectors, either through procurement

contracts, know how transfers or provision of technical consultancy. So far, 289 technologies have been

transferred to modern industries for commercialisation and 270 technical consultancies have been

provided in different disciplines of space technology.

Provides quantitative information

about the intensity and radial

velocities of cyclones, area rainfall

rate & accumulationSubstantially

increases the lead time for cyclone

warning and remedial

measuresIdentifies accurately the

threatened areasImproves the

accuracy of mesoscale rainfall

estimates for flash flood

warningImproves the

understanding and forecasting of

thunderstorms, hailstorms, tidal

waves, wind turbulence and

shear.Provides visualization of

storm structure

has natural look, light weight, more

durable, cosmetic, comfortable,

slip resistant and easy to

manufacture. The average weight

of the foot is about 500 g. ISRO has

transferred the technology of

making PU foot to a social

organization viz. Bhagwan Mahavir

Viklang Sahayta Samithi (BMVSS),

Jaipur. The license was given free

of charges and is targeted to

provide more than 20,000 foot per

year for non commercial purposes.

Field trials and rehabilitation

camps have been organized by

BMVSS at various places.

27. Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) DWR system is the result of the

indigenous design and development

activity carried out at ISRO to

achieve self sufficiency in this

crucial technology by harnessing

a knowledge base available within

ISRO. Doppler Weather Radar

(DWR) provides precise advance

warnings, enhancing the lead time

for saving lives and property in the

event of natural disaster associated

with severe weather. The DWR is

operated in the surveillance mode

with continuous scanning either in

clockwise or counter clockwise

direction. The required range,

range resolution, antenna scanning

rate, number of range gates etc are

set through the radar controller.

The radar is currently in operation

at SDSC, SHAR by IMD team and

has provided valuable information

on severe weather events like

cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and

also contributed very effectively in

providing weather wise launch

support for the launch vehicle

missions of ISRO.

Council of Scientific &Industrial Research


Council of Scientific & Industrial Research 91

S. Technology/Product/ Brief Technical Scale ofNo. Laboratory Profile and Applications Validation

1. Amerometric Digital Biosensor First Amperometric Digital Biosensor

CSIR - National Physical Laboratory ever developed in India. It is a measu-

rement and monitoring system that uses

a biomolecule, as a part of a transducer

that specifically transforms a

biochemical reaction relating to

concentration of an analayte of a sample

into an analytical signal.

2. An Herbal Extract for the Treatment of The present invention relates to a

Prostate Diseases pharmaceutical composition useful for

CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology the treatment of benign prostate

hyperplasia with a possibility to treat

prostrate cancer. It also relates to a new

use of the extract from the leaves or any

other plant part of Murraya koenigii and

Tribulus terrestris in the treatment of

prostate diseases.

Present invention provides a simplified

method of bioactive extraction and a

simplified fast and inexpensive process

for the preparation of extract possessing

significantly high biological activities

relevant to treatment, relief and remedy

of prostate cancer.

3. Anti-Scratch Coatings on Plastic Ophthalmic • Nanotechnology based process

Lenses and Sheets using Inorganic-Organic for making thermally curable sols

Hybrid Nanocomposites (lacquers) for applying optically clear

CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic anti-scratch coatings on plastic

Research Institute CR-39®, PC, PMMA etc.) ophthalmic

lenses, sheets and other shapes by dip-

coating technique (curing temperature

90-95°C.)

• Higher shelf life (> 30 days at room

temperature and >100 days in

refrigerator (5±1°C) in closed

condition);

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Council of Scientific & Industry Research

Affordable Health

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research92

• Refractive index of the coatings can be

varied from 1.48 – 1.54

• Coating can be done on complicated

shapes (e.g. bifocal D- or O-shaped

lenses) & previously tinted plastic

ophthalmic lenses

4. Arteether (á/â): A New Drug for Drug Resistant Arteether (á/â) is more effective than â

& Cerebral Malaria Arteether developed by WHO for the

CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute treatment of malaria patients. Clinical

trials have shown 84 to 100 per cent cure

with 3 dose I M injection.Compared to

other artimisinin derivatives, arteether

show exceptional safety as judged by

high LD50 dose in mice (> 1250 mg/.kg.)

which makes the better therapeutic index

of the drug. In severe malaria cases

including cerebral malaria for multi drug

as a second line of treatment in resistant

malaria, complicated malaria due to

P. falciparum.

5. Artemether: Blood Schizontocidal Antimalarial • A fast acting, blood schizontocidal

CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute agent which attacks at the eryth-

rocytics stage of malaria in blood.

• This is suitable in severe malaria cases

including cerebral malaria as a second

line of treatment for multi drug

resistant malaria and complicated

malaria due to P. falciparum.

6. Centchroman: Oral Contraceptive for Female • First non-steroidal oral

CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute contraceptive pill developed in

the world.

• A safe contraceptive effective in weekly

dose.

• No environmental health & safety

hazard,

• Technologically competitive and

economic process operation.

• Technology commercialized.

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7. Collagen Based Biomaterials for Dermal Wound Collagen based biomaterials

Care and Pain Reduction suitable for wound care and pain

reduction at a very

CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) competitive and affordable price. These

are India’s first natural, non-immun-

ogenic, non-pyrogenic, sterile, tempo-rary

biological skin covers with bacterial

barrier properties for burns, open raw

wounds and other skin complications

with shelf life 2-5 years. Collagen based

wound provide faster recovery with

single application. The chances of

complication also reduces Collagen based

wound care products are marketed by

three Indian companies and one company

in Malaysia Bench scale

8. Fructo-Oligo-Saccharides The Oligosaccharides

CSIR – Central Food Technological possesses several beneficial

Research Institute (CFTRI) properties. They are low mol-

ecular weight carbohydrates that have

great potential to improve the functional

quality of many foods. It is water

soluble, and mildly sweet.

9. Mannitol • A method for production of

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Mannitol, (a six-carbon sugar

alcohol or polyol).

• The Mannitol is a valuable nutritive

sweetener because it is non-toxic, non-

hygroscopic in its crystalline form and

has no teeth decaying effects.

• Mannitol does not induce

hyperglycemia, which makes it useful

for diabetics.

• Can be used as a sweet builder in

sugar free chewing gum and in

pharmaceutical preparations

• Finds application in treatment of head

injury to decrease cerebral edema,

intracranial pressure and food

poisoning cases

10. Natural Streptokinase A drug used world-wide for the

CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology (IMT) treatment of diverse circulatory

disorders, especially myocardial

infarction. This innovation lead to

production of streptokinase drug at 1/

10th price in comparison to available

international drugs.

Bench scale

Real life

Lab scale

Real life


11. Risorine - Advancement in Tuberculosis Therapy • Combination of Rifampicin (200 mg),

CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Isoniazide (300 mg) and Piperine

Medicine (IIIM) (10 mg) developed :–

- Similar therapeutic benefits at less

than ½ dose of conventional

therapy;

- Better safety and tolerability;–

Lesser drug – drug interaction; &

– Faster and superior cure rates.

- Risorine will reduce cost of

Rifampicin – Isoniazide containing

formulation by 23%

- Drug commercially available Real

life

12. Simultaneous Determination of total Hemoglobin A novel HbA1c sensor based on non-

and Glycated Hemoglobin enzymatic electrochemical analysis of

CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research hemoglobin (Hb) and glycated hemog-

Institute (CECRI) lobin (HbA1c) in a blood sample as ‘one

shot analysis’ has been developed for the

first time. The HbA1c measurement is a

more reliable indicator of the diabetic

state, dispensing the randomness

associated with blood glucose estimation.

This electrochemical kit, which is simple,

inexpensive and patient-friendly, will

facilitate efficient management of

Diabetes mellitus. About to be launched

in the market. The cost of analysis per

sample is expected to be 1/5th of the

existing conventional analysis.

13. Portable Pulse Oximeter A Pulse Oximeter is a portable, non-

CSIR – Central Scientific Instruments invasive monitor of pulse rate and

Organisation (CSIO) oxygen saturation that enables prompt

recognition of hypoxemia. It is non

invasive, provides real time display of

Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) and pulse rate,

gives alarm indications and audio beep

on each pulse.

14. Production of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Powder • First of its kind in India

CSIR - National Metallurgical hydroxyapatite

Laboratory (NML) is a bioceramic powder which is

widely used as cost effective bone

graft material in Orthopedic and

Dental segment.

• Till now most of the available

products are imported brands with

prohibitive price in India.

• Technology commercialized.

Real life

Lab scale

Real life

Real life


15. Recombinant Streptokinase • A recombinant version of

CSIR - Institute of Microbial natural type streptokinase

Technology (IMT) has been developed which is roughly

ten times efficient as the natural SK

production technology.

• Would further reduce price of the drug

for heart treatment.

Real life

Real life

Pilot scale

16. EPS Door Shutters • EPS door is a foam core, agro-

CSIR – Central Building Research forestry wooden laminated frame

Institute (CBRI) • Lighter than wooden door shutter

(14 kg/m2)

• Economical, 15% cheaper than

wooden shutter

• Conforms to IS:4020-1994

• Approved by CPWD

17. High Performance Bitumen Binders Have improved rheological properties

CSIR –Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) and enhanced fatigue life, higher

resistance to rutting and thermal

cracking under different traffic and

climatic conditions.

18. High Performance Polymer Modified Bitumen • Imparts higher life and reduces

CSIR – Central Road Research Institute(CRRI) maintenance cost.

• Helps in saving of about 30-40%.

• Transferred to 10 small scale

industries.

19. High Volume Flux Bonded Fly Ash Ceramic A unique process developed utilizes up

Technology for Building Components to 80% by weight of fly ash to make red

CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary coloured building components such as

Science & Technology (NIIST) bricks, pavements, tiles, glazed tiles

etc.The process is adaptable to the

traditional brick and tile industry with

appropriate mechanization and will

conserve up to 80% of natural clays and

use up to 80% of fly ash. The plant

should be preferably in the premises of

the thermal power plants and the

process is suitable for pond ash and

stored ash as also with dry fly ash.


Building and Construction

Real life

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Real life

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20. Instant House for Disaster Victims • Weight: 500 Kg

CSIR – Advanced Materials and Processes • Easy to assemble

Research Institute (AMPRI) • 20 houses can be transported in truck

• Convenient and durable foundations

• Fire retardant

• Panels made of industrial waste and

natural fiber

21. Semi-Mechanised Brick Making Machine An extrusion Machine to manufacture

CSIR - Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) 4000 wire cut bricks per hour, with an

economically low rate of power

consumption. This machine is of

advance design; provide efficient

service, indigenously available involving

a small capital outlay.

22. Technology for Anti-Corrosive Coatings • Resistant to coastal environment

CSIR – Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) • Improvement in elongation, tensile

strength, flexibility, adhesion, chem-

ical resistance and reduction in the

water vapor permeation

• Excellent resistance to chemicals and

fertilizers

23. Vertical Shaft Kiln-Mini Cement Plant • Suitable for cement manufacture of

for Cement Manufacture different plant capacities ranging

CSIR - North East Institute of Sciencen and from 20-100 TPD.

Technology (NEIST) • Viable even for a place having small

deposits of raw materials.

Real life

Real life


Real life


Chemicals and Associated Products

24. Aluminium Alloy Anodes Eco-friendly process know-how for the

CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute manufacture of aluminium anodes

incorporating indium that is simpler and

easy to control without compromising

the performance of

the anodes.

25. Bio-Heap Leaching of Low Grade Copper from Suitable for the huge quantities of low-

Lean Sulphide Ore grade copper ores lying at the mine

CSIR – Institute of Minerals and Materials site to produce pure copper metal

Technology (IMMT) in the country. Would help in savings on

account of foreign exchange in addition

to prevention of environmental pollution

due to acid mine drainage.

26. Catalytic Coating Technology for Anodes of The composition of the overlaying

Membrane Cells active coating has been suitably

CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research altered to enhance the difference

Institute (CECRI) between the chlorine evolution potential

and oxygen evolution potential so as to

minimize oxygen evolution as far as

possible. If the entire chlor-alkali

membrane cells in India are provided with

such coating, Rs. 60 crore could be saved.

At the same time valuable foreign

exchange can also be saved. Life of coating

is about 7 years.

27. Catalytic Coating Technology for Cathodes of If the entire chlor-alkali membrane

Membrane Cells cells in India are provided with

CSIR–Central Electrochemical Research this coating Rs. 60 crore could be

Institute (CECRI) saved on foreign exchange for every

5 year and an energy saving of 3600

million kwh.

28. Flow Improver Majority of the Indian crude oils have

CSIR - North East Institute of Science and high wax content. Flow improvers

Technology (NEIST) reduce the pour point, viscosity, and

yield value and help in easy restart in

case of shut down in the pipeline. Flow

improvers tend to be specific to crude

oils in view of the differences in

chemical compositions. A wide range of

flow improvers are available suitable for

the Indian crude oils.

Pilot scale

Real life

Real life,technologytransferred

Pilot scale


Real life29. Formaldehyde free Synthetic Tanning Agent A first of its kind in the world a multi-

CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) functional matrix with sulfonated

aromatic compound, free of

formaldehyde. Use of this syntan in

tanning enhances the uptake of

chromium to above 93%. The syntan

provides a means for pickle free chrome

tanning thereby reducing the total

dissolved solids in the effluent.

Currently marketed by M/s. Balmer

Lawrie & Co. Ltd under the name

‘TANAID’.

30. Kojic Acid Production A new method for production and

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) purification of Kojic acid by

fermentation of the marine fungus

Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.In

the food industry, kojic acid is used as an

inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase, an

enzyme responsible for the blackening of

agricultural products. In medicine, kojic

acid is used mainly because it can

eliminate free radicals and thus act as

antioxidants. The use of kojic acid in

cosmetics in the form of gels and soaps

is to achieve skin lightening effect by

inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase thereby

reducing the production of melanin

formation. It also blocks the formation

of pigmentation and evens out skin tone.

31. Merchant Grade Phosphoric Acid (Conversion of A new process for conversion of Fe-III

Fe-III to Fe-II) of merchant grade phosphoric acid

CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials into Fe-II through Electrolytic

Technology (IMMT) reduction. The process has been

demonstrated at Talcher.

32. Nano Rare Earth Oxides and Phosphates Nano metal oxides and phosphates are

CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary types of materials with growing

Science and Technology(NIIST) market on a global basis. Most of the

nano metal oxides commercially

available from countries abroad are very

expensive. The developed new process

for production of Nano particles is

through hydrolysis-peptisation

technique. The average cost of

the nano particles will be Rs. ~1000-2000

per Kg only.

Real life

Bench scale

Lab scale


Pilot scale thetechnologytransferred

33. Pesticides : Phosphamidon and Quinalphos Phosphamidon an important organo-

CSIR - North East Institute of Science and phosphorus synthetic insecticide

Technology (NEIST) extensively used in various crops. It is

parti-cularly effective against aphids,

stem borer, leaf hoppers, mite thrip,

grass-hoppers, ball-worms, white flies

etc. Quinalphos: It is a contact and

stomach insecticide and effective against

both biting and sucking insects as well

as mites and plant hoppers.

34. Pre-stressed Concrete Monoblock Broad Gauge Better stability, Inherent resistance to

Railway Sleepers track buckling, Longer service. High

CSIR – Structural Engineering Research strength concrete and high tensile

Centre (SERC) strands used for production. Suitable for

long line method for production. The

know-how has been passed on to the

NRDC, after satisfying the technical

requirements of RDSO, Lucknow.

35. Recovery of Chromite Values from Low Suitable for treatment of both low

Grade Chromite Ores & Tailings of Chromite grade ore of ~ 16% Cr2O

3 to

Beneficiation Plant obtain ~ 46 to 48% Cr2O

3 at 20 to

CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials 24% yield. The plant is also dovetailed

Technology with flotation circuit to recover chromite

from the slimes, which is first of its kind

in India / abroad. 500 tpd commercial

plant has been set up at Sukinda by

Jindal Stainless Limited.

36. Synthetic Tanning Agents: Alutan and Alcrotan Alutan and Alcrotan are two mineral

CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) synthetic tanning agents (syntans) which

at the time of their development had no

international equivalents. Alcrotan is an

innovative light fast syntan based on

chromium and aluminium. While

conventional basic chromium sulfate

employed in the leather industry for

tanning had an uptake of around 40 –

60% (at the time when this syntan was

developed), this product ensured uptake

of more than 90% of chromium and

aluminium.

Alutan is an aluminium based syntan

with irreversible binding of

aluminium(III) (conventional aluminium

salts even with masking are washed out

of leather), which affords fuller leathers

making suede processing easy with color

richness. By combining Alutan with basic

chromium sulfate in tanning a zero waste

closed-loop tanning methodology has

become a reality. The technology

transferred.

Real life

Real life

Real life


Real life37. Ultrapure Solar Salt A new process for the recovery of

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals very high purity solar salt with

Research Institute (CSMCRI) in the field. The process is based on the

modification of the salt crystal

morphology in such a way that

agglomeration and consequently, the

impurity level in the salt are reduced

considerably. The heap washed salt

analyzed >99.5% NaCl with highly

reduced levels of calcium and sulphate

impurities hitherto not achieved in solar

salt production.


Cultivation and Processing of Economic Plants

Real life38. A New Carvone Rich Mentha Longifolia A new Mentha variety “Anant

CSIR – Indian Institute of Integrative Carvomint” which is carvone rich. !-

Medicine (IIIM) Carvone essential oil is mainly obtained

from Mentha which is widely used in

flavouring of food, candy, chewing

gums, toothpastes, confectionary and

pharmaceutical preparations. The

essential oil of Anant Carvomint has

wider acceptability in the perfume

flavour and pharmaceutical industries,

as per evaluation by Indian

Essential oil Industry.

39. Agrotechnology of Gladiolus It is an important floral crop for the

CSIR - National Botanical Research cut-flower trade. Its magnificent spikes

Institute (NBRI) in wide range of colours remain fresh for

a pretty long time and are very much

valued for making floral arrangements

for interior decoration.Its wide array of

colours and long vase life has made it

most sought after cut-flowers. The agro-

technology for commercial cultivation

for the plains has been passed on to the

1000 progressive farmers. Over 400 acres

of land is now under gladiolus

cultivation in and around Lucknow

based on the technology. Lucknow and

its adjoining districts has now become a

strong centre of commercial floriculture.

Real life


Field level40. Ashwagandha Variety, CSIR NMITLI-118 A new Aswagandha variety

CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Ashwagandha CSIR NMITLI 118, the

Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) molecules present in this variety have

anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-

arthritis and anti-stroke properties;

andThe root yield of the variety is about

15 Quintals per hectare under standard

agronomic and climatic conditions

approximately 75 kg seed yield per ha

under standard agronomic and climatic

conditions. Value of the Root Harvest:

Rs. 101,250 per hectare (at the current

rate of Rs. 75/kg and root yield

of 13.50 q/ha). Value of Seed Harvest

(common commercial rate-Rs. 55/kg)

Rs.5,500 per hectare.

41. High Menthofuran and Pulegone Containing A new variety of mentha called as

Genotype of Mentha Piperita ‘CIM-Indus’ CIM- Indus. It contains Menthofuran

CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and (3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-

Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) tetrahydrocoumarone) one of the major

constituents for aroma of the essential oil

extracted from the leaves of Mentha

piperita. As any other compound has

not duplicated the aroma effect,

menthofuran is important in the

formulation of certain synthesized

essential oils, such as peppermint oil.

Menthofuran is an expensive compound

of limited availability as the plants

produce 0 to 6% menthofuran (US Patent

PP11,788). The CIM-Indus yielded

about 72kg oil in two harvests in a year

having about 27% menthofuran content

and about 15% pulegone content.

42. Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety Artemisinin, derived from a plant Arte-

‘CIM-Arogya’ for Production of Antimalarial misia annua, is the only cure from

Drgu Plant Artemisia Annua chloroquine resistant Plasmodium

CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and falciparum. The demand of this drug is

Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) on rice and currently not even 50% of the

drug demand is fulfilled mainly because

of unavailability of raw material. As a

result every year about a million people

lose their lives because of malaria.

Improved agro-technology of this plant

and genetically tagged superior variety

CIM-Arogya produces significantly

higher yield of artemisinin (upto about

1%) than any other variety developed

world-over. This genotype is first drug

yielding plant, developed through

molecular breeding.

Real life

Real life


Real life43. Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety Per capita productivity of superior

‘Kosi’ for Production of Menthol Mint Oil variety `Kosi’ developed has enabled

CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and farmers to take this crop as a bonus

Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) between Rabi and Kharif.

Menthol mint (Mentha arvensis)

cultivated in more than 1.60 lakh

hectares land in the Indo-Gangetic

plains of North India and has emerged

as major industrial crop and therefore is

extremely popular among small farmers.

It is believed that over 3,00,000 farming

families grow this

crop regularly contributing 75-80%

global menthol mint oil produce

bringing them a profit of about Rs 75,000

per hectare in about 6 months (two

harvest). However, in transplanted

menthol mint crop a farmer can earn Rs

35,000 in about 3 months (one harvest).

India has attained global leadership in

production and supply of menthol mint

oil generating additional employment

opportunities to the extent of about 4

crores mandays per annum.

44. Insect resistant Bt-cotton technology Developed technology for the first

CSIR-National Botanical Research time for transgenic cotton which

Institute (NBRI) is resistant to Spodoptera litura and other

bollworms. Environmentally safe and

economically competitive alternative to

chemical pesticides. Cotton is a lead cash

crop in India, provides livelihood for

more than 60 Million people in India .The

area covered for cultivation of cotton is

around 9 million hectares, highest in the

world. However average yields in India is

319 Kg/Ha as compared to 603 Kg/Ha of

the world average. Major reason for low

productivity is that cotton is highly

susceptible to insects. Nearly half of the

total pesticide used in crops is used for

cotton which amounts approximately

Rs.12 Billion/Year.

45. Java Citronella This Java Citronella (Cymbopogon

CSIR - North East Institute of Science and winterianus) is high oil yielding

Technology (NEIST) variety of aromatic plant and extensively

used in perfumery industry as an

important source of high aroma. This

suitable for wasteland/barren land or

where jhum or shifting cultivation is

practiced.

Pilot scale

Real life


Real life46. Mushroom Cultivation Developed cultivation process and

CSIR - North East Institute of Science and technology for edible mushroom as

Technology (NEIST) well as spawn production

technology. Mushroom is a protein

rich in amino acids, minerals and

vitamins favored by people

throughout the world.

Mushroom has turned out to be an

ideal choice for societal

development of NE as the climatic

condition favour its growth and

also there is huge demand in NE

itself. It has proved to be a

successful venture as it requires

low investment and minimal land.

The target groups for possible

beneficiaries are urban and rural

poor, women, SHGs and

unemployed youths. Prior to CSIR

effort there was no mushroom

cultivation activity in the NE India.

47. Plant growth promoting microbial inoculants Identified novel microbes

CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Bacillus

and Trichod-erma, have the ability

to control phytop-athogenic fungi,

promote plant growth, tolerance

for abiotic stresses, and solubilize

phosphate even under abiotic

stress conditions.

The products are useful as plant

growth enhancer and biofungicide

for seed, soil and foliar

applications, such as it promotes

plant growth, ensures uniformity

of plant germination, development

and maturity, successfully

competes with resident microbial

populations, enhances plant

beneficial microbes in the

rhizosphere, compete with disease

causing microbes. The composition

is very durable therefore can be

stored for at least 1 year due to the

stabilization process of the

microbes for its longevity.

Real life


Real life

48. Seawater-based Indigenous Potash Technology A novel integrated process

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals for the recovery of Recovery of

Research Institute (CSMCRI) sulphate of potash fertilizer

(SOP) from bittern through

an economic route.

India has no traditional resources

of potassium and the total

requirement of about 3-4 million

ton of potash is met through

imports every year. The “Bitterns”

are rich source of Potash in the

country. Besides this, a vast

quantity of natural bittern is

available in Greater Rann of

Kutch (GRK) due to natural

inundation and evaporation.

If potash recovery is delinked

from salt production—as would

be the case in the Greater Rann of

Kutch—it may be possible to even

meet the entire requirement of

potash in the country. It has the

lowest salt index and is virtually

free of chloride, which

makes it a superior fertilizer to

muriate of potash.

49. Sweet Smelling Peppermint Genotype A new variety of Mentha piperita

‘CIM-Madhuras’ (Peppermint) by the name of CIM-

CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Mathuras. It produces

characteristic

Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) essential oil having medicinal,

therapeutic and beverage

properties.

The evaluation trial

of CIM-Madhuras

conducted in the

farmer’s field

near Lucknow

indicated the estimated

oil yield of 107 kg

based on the data

of two harvests

in a year/per ha.

105Council of Scientific & Industrial Research


Drinking Water

Real life1. Animal Powered Device for Brackish Water A unique water desalination

Desalination system, which uses animal

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals energy to energize

Research Institute (CSMCRI) the high-pressure pump to effect

brackish water desalting by RO

process. Water desalination

system having animal power as

prime mover consists of speed

increaser, high-pressure pump

and membrane modules. The

above system can produce 300-500

LPH product water for feed water

TDS (total dissolved solids) in the

range 3000-5000 ppm.

The output shaft is coupled to the

crankshaft of the reciprocating

high-pressure pump, which

discharges 1200 LPH feed water.

Harmful elements such as

fluoride, arsenic, nitrate and

heavy metals are simultaneously

removed along with other salts

during the desalination process

and the permeate water is also

free from bacteria.

2. Chemo-defluoridation process with unit for • A Chemo-defluoridation

removal of excess Fluoride from Water process/ unit for removal

CSIR - National Environmental Engineering of excess fluoride:

Research Institute(NEERI) • Useful at domestic as well as

community level

• Chemicals are provided in

sachets

• Water is palatable after

treatment of fluoride

• pH of treated water does not

decrease

• Can treat water upto 20 mg/L

fluoride

• Sludge itself acts as adsorption

media for removal of fluoride

• No need of sludge treatment for

disposal

• Leaching of fluoride under

normal atmospheric conditions <

0.1 mg/L

Bench scale

106 Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

Bench scale

Pilot scale

3. Development of Cost Effective Mine Water The coal mine water reclamation

Reclamation Technology for Safe Drinking Water technology treats the coal mine

CSIR - National Metallurgical Laboratory(NML) water and make it suitable for the

purpose of drinking.

The process in principle has three

modules. In the first, the suspended

particulate matters, some of which are

also colloidal in nature, are removed.

The second module removes the

dissolve matters while in the third

step microbiological contaminations

are removed.

4. Electrochemical Defluoridation of Drinking Water The removal of fluoride in drinking

CSIR – Central Electrochemical water is done through an

Research Institute electrochemical cell.

The technique is suitable for treating

water-containing floride upto 5 ppm.

The total system is simple for

operation and maintenance. It does

not affect the other parameters of

water quality. It does not involve

addition of any chemical and has unit

operations such as settling and

clarifying as in conventional chemical

precipitation.

Technique for scale of 200 L/h

capacity is available and can be

scaled up to any capacity and to any

level of fluoride.

5. Instrumented RO Plant • Instrumented RO water Plant

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals suitable for villages where the

Research Institute and Central Electronics source of water contains fluoride,

Engineering Research Institute arsenic bacterial contamination

and brackish

• Provide 40,000 liters safe drinking

water daily

• Online monitors critical parameters

of water

• Indigenous low cost PC/Embedded

technology

• Records history of TDS and

important parameters

• Predicts of cleaning time

• Predicts of Healthiness of

membrane

• Automated operation

• Remotely monitors via Internet

Pilot scale


6. Membrane Technologies (Ultra-Filtration Thin Film Composite (TFC) Reverse

and Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Osmosis Membrane:

Membrane) for Desalination and Water Purification • It removes salinity (94-96%) and

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals other harmful contaminants like

Research Institute (CSMCRI) hardness, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic,

etc, from water

• Potable water having < 500 ppm TDS

can be obtained from brackish water

(up to 7000 ppm salinity) and sea

water (30000-40000 ppm salinity)

Ultra-filtration Membranes:

• The low fouling flat sheet & hollow

fiber UF membranes having cut off

values of 35-150 KDa using

indigenous raw materials.

Removes harmful pathogens,

turbidity and colloidal materials

from drinking water

• Can operate at very low

pressure (<25 psi) and requires

low energy with very

high recovery (up to 90%)

7. Neeri - Zar It is 20 L/h portable instant water

CSIR - National Environmental Engineering filter. It is simple to fabricate,

Research Institute (NEERI) easy to operate and requires

minimum maintenance.

After disinfection with

NEERI - ZAR the water becomes

free from contami-nation, however,

without sacrificing the dissolved

mineral concentrations of the water.

100 units were installed in the flood

affected remote areas of Barmer

District in October 2006 to convert the

turbid and contaminated rainwater

into potable water.

8. Phytorid Wastewater Treatment • Less dusting (minimum inhalation

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals with fingers stay clean)

Research Institute (CSMCRI) • Smooth writing

• More writing per length of chalk

• Good visibility

• Less breakage

• Good visibility,

Pilot scale

Real life

Real life



Information and Communication Technologies

Real life11. Computer Design Packages of Structural Elements A computer design package of

CSIR – Structural Engineering Research structure elements. It consists of total

Centre (SERC) of 23 soft-ware packages, covering

design and analysis. It has facility for

interactive design of RC components

(slabs, beams, columns, isolated

footings, combined footings, strip

footings and flat slabs). The package

also carries out interactive analysis of

pin-jointed 2-D and 3-D truss system,

plane rigid jointed 2-D frames, grids of

various patterns, 3-D rigid jointed

space frames, folded plate structures,

cylindrical shell analysis, 2-D, 3-D

trusses, 2-D frames and grids. More

than 550 load modules have been

released to nearly 150 users/clients.

Real life

9. Removal of Arsenic and Iron from Ground Water This technology helps in simultaneous

by Ceramic Membrane removal of arsenic and iron from

CSIR – Central Glass & Ceramic Research contaminated ground water.

Institute (CGCRI) The technology is capable of

treating ground water containing

higher concen-tration of arsenic

(up to 2.7 ppm) and iron

(up to 13 ppm).

10. Terafil Water Purification Technology It is a low cost and highly efficient

CSIR – Institute of Minerals and Materials water filtration media for purification

Technology (IMMT) of impure turbid raw water into clean

drinking water at minimal cost.

Terafil disc can also be fitted with any

domestic container to make a water

filter, for which poorest of poor can

afford Terafil water filter. Therefore

cost of product water is below Rs.2 per

ton, considering total cost of Terafil

filter/plant.

Trained manpower, without any

specific expertise, can produce Terafil

water filtration disc in any part of the

country. Local masons and sanitary

marts can install the community.

Pilot scale

Real life


Bench scale

Real life12. Computer-aided Analysis and Design of Ships It is an integrated software system for

and Ship Structures analysis and design of bulk carriers,

CSIR – Structural Engineering Research containers, or container –oriented

Centre (SERC) cargo vessels. The system consists of

two packages: Ship design package

consisting of 9 basic programs dealing

with naval architectural design,

developed by HSL; and structural

design package consisting of 9

programs dealing with analysis and

design of ship hull structures. The

software licensed to Hindustan

Shipyard Limited, Visakhapatnam.

13. Database Management System for Integrated The developed database management

Control of Bancroftian Filariasis system has facility for integrated

CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical control of Bancroftian Filariasis

Technology (IICT) in the rural endemic areas of

East and West Godavari Districts

of A.P. The database has been

created with “VISUAL BASIC”

as front end and “MICROSOFT

ACCESS” as back end so

as to enable new entries also.

14. Forecast Model for Control of Vector The developed forecast model has

Borne Diseases ability to predict outbreak of vector

CSIR–Indian Institute of Chemical borne diseases like Malaria,

Technology (IICT) Japanese encephalitis etc.

in rural endemic areas.

The software has been written using

Java language, so it is platform-free,

versatile and can be used on most of

the computers. The software has

automatic alerting system and ability

to take necessary control measures.

The information can be sent to the

concerned authorities also through

Internet or virtual private network with

an ordinary dial-up connection.

15. Multi-scale, multi-model Forecast Platform A forecast platform for forecasting of

for Monsoon and Crop Yield meteorological and surface variables

CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratories like rainfall, wind, surface air tempera-

(NAL) and CSIR Centre for Mathematical ture and soil moisture. The use of

Modelling and Computer Simulation (C-MMACS) multiple models allows reduction of

uncer-tainty and enhancement of

scope of forecasts.

Bench scale

Bench scale



Energy

Real life17. Cement Polymer Composite Coating System A cement polymer composite coating

CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research system which is suitable for providing

Institute (CECRI) protective coating to rebar in the cons-

truction industry. It consists of a primer

and a sealing coat. Being cement based

system; it is having a more

compatibility and alkaline resistance

with the surrounding concrete.

By implementing this technology, the

service life of concrete structures can

be increased at least by a factor of 10

times and thus saves material and life.

Bench scale

This is one of the most sophisticated

forecast platforms in the world,

with in-house algorithms, computing

platform and data. Novel

methodologies develo-ped at C-

MMACS has shown capability to

enhance lead and accuracy of

monsoon forecasting; new

algorithm and code have been

developed and integrated to

enhance the scope of the forecast

from rainfall to germination to crop

yield. The Varsha GCM engineered

at NAL has been tested over the

years for monsoon and cyclone

prediction.

16. Samadhan Kendra The developed Samadhan Kendra

CSIR–Indian Institute of Chemical provides information about

Technology (IICT) Agriculture, Health schemes, and

other need based information

required by the village populace.

The database has been created

with “JAVA” as front end and

“MICROSOFT ACCESS” as

back end so as to enable new

entries also.


Real life

Real life18. Clean Bioprocess for Quality Coir Fibre Production A clean bioprocess for the extraction

& Energy Recovery of quality coir fibre from coconut husk.

CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary This method carries out separation of

Science and Technology (NIST) fibres from their matrices by

enzymatic cleaving of cementing

compounds with in situ microbial

growth and enzyme production.

This bioprocess not only converts all

the organic pollutants emanated from

the extraction process to methane, but

also facilitates its recovery as an

Energy Source. Collection of methane

is possible without expensive gas tight

covering of the retting tanks. This

bioprocess can also be used for

processing of natural fibres like jute,

banana and pineapple leaf.

19. Energy Efficient Multi-fuel and Biomass A range of multi-fuel & biomass cook

Cook Stoves stoves to conserve rural energy,

CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials reduce pollution & green house gas as

Technology (IMMT) well as reduce drudgery of women &

children in the country.

Nearly 3 million multi-fuel and biomass

improved cook stoves have been

distributed in Orissa and other parts of

the country under National

Programme of Improved Chulha of

MNRE, Govt. of India.

Thermal efficiency of these stoves is

more than 25%. These stoves reduce

nearly 75% pollution & green house

gas as well as more than 40% fuel

consum-ption for cooking in rural

sector.

20. Fuel Efficient Domestic Cooking and Kerosene wick stove: Improved design

Lighting Appliances kerosene multi wick stove (non

CSIR – Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) pressure

type) to increase its heat output and

thermal efficiency. It is popularly

known as ‘Nutan Large’ stove. By use

of the improved design stoves, about

25 to 30% fuel can be saved.

Kerosene pressure stove: A kerosene

pressure stove (offset burner type)

with 60% plus thermal efficiency as

against 53% in case of conventional

stoves of this type. About 10-15% fuel

saving can be achieved.

Bench scale


Real life

Fuel efficient LPG stove: An improved

LPG stove having thermal efficiency of

70%. Fuel saving nearly 10% can be

achieved in case of improved LPG

stove. The design know-how of this

stove has been given to 79

entrepreneurs in the country for its

commercial production.

Deva lamp: Deva lamp is a very simple

type of lighting appliance commonly

used in rural areas. Its design has

been improved to increase luminous

intensity and luminous efficiency. The

improved deva lamp with the

attachment device, results in increase

in non-smoking flame height and

luminous intensity in comparison to

conventional deva lamp.

Hurricane lantern: Improved design of

hurricane lantern to increase its

luminous intensity, luminous efficiency

and better hurricane proofness.

Various parameters in burner and

other parts of the lantern have been

modified / optimised to achieve these

improvements.

Table lamp: Design of flat wick (non-

pressure type) table lamp has been

improved to increase its luminous

intensity and luminous efficiency.

These appliances have been designed

for maximum output. The most

economical release of light can be

achieved when lighting appliances are

operated at 70 to 80% of maximum

smoke free flame height.

21. NALSUN – Cost-Effective Solar Coating for NALSUN coatings are nanocomposite

Solar Thermal Applications coatings having excellent optical prop-

CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) erties (high absorptance & low emitt-

ance) with a service life of 25 years for

water heating applications.

• operable at room temperature,

• requires normal plating current

densities,

• good shelf-life, simple bath control

and maintenance,

• good covering power-requires no

nickel undercoat on copper

• cost effective process

• transferred to 26 entrepreneurs

across the country


Real life22. Salicornia Oil • A process for densification of the

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine natural habitat of Salicornia

Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI) brachiata.

• Over 100 hectare of densification

has been undertaken since 2005

23. Self Sustained 1 Kw Polymer Electrolyte An alternate source of power

Portable Fuel Cell System generation has been developed

CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research through self sustained 30 cell 1kW air

Institute (CECRI) cooled PEFC stack, which has been

integrated with necess-ary controls

and electronic circuit for operation on

Hydrogen.

This system has several disadvantages

such as high emissions, transmission

losses, long lead time for plant constru-

ctions, and large and long term financing

requirements.

24. Solar Pond Power Plant India’s first fully indigenous solar

CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) thermal power plant “Solar Pond”

established in collaboration with

Electricity Department, Puducherry

Government and the Puducherry

Engineering College.

The salinity-gradient 500 m2 solar pond

is a large area non-tracking solar

energy collector, which combines, the

collector and energy storage

functions. The average solar radiation

incident over India is about 5-6 kWh/

m2 per day. Hence, the 12.5 kWe/500 m2

solar pond power plant can operate for

typically one hour per day.

Planning is underway to scale up the

system to a 50 kWe/6000m2 solar pond

power plant.

Pilot scale

Real life



Environment Related Technologies

Bench scale26. Atmospheric CO2 Measurement and Modeling A facility to estimate CO2 fluxes over

CSIR - CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling the globe through high precision

and Computer Simulation (C-MMCS) measurement of CO2 concentrations.

Pilot scale25. Solar Powered Electric Motor Assisted Rickshaw A solar powered motor assisted

(SOLECKSHAW) tricycle (SOLECKSHAW) which is an

CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering eco friendly tricycle. It is driven partly

Research Institute (CMERI) by pedal and partly by electric power

supplied by a battery that is charged

from solar energy. An override

mechanism has been used at the

center of rear axle; resulting in proper

turning and better dynamic stability of

the vehicle. Its power source is solar

energy, which eliminates the problem

of environment pollution that lies with

other automobile.

This vehicle provides driving comfort

to the driver and can run for longer

distances compared to manual driven

cycle rickshaws, resulting in higher

earning of rickshaw pullers.

Further, it reduces the drudgery of

Rickshaw pullers, who are prone to TB,

due to heavy manual effort required

for normal rickshaw. As a whole this

SOLECKSHAW is one of the best

vehicles of tomorrow for the

congested downtown transport.


Bench scale

Bench scale

27. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle A small Autonomous Underwater

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Vehicle (AUV), for operations up to a

depth of 200 meters. It has a weight of

54 kilograms, length of 1.7 meters and

hull diameter 0.23 meters.

The AUV can receive commands from

the shore over a high-speed radio link.

Data download from the AUV is done

over the same link. Underwater

navigation is achieved with the help of

a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) to

measure speed and a navigation filter

that estimates its position below sea

surface. Surface navigation is based

on GPS (Global Positioning System).

The AUV gets its energy for the

propulsion and electronics from two

banks of lithium polymer batteries.

28. Autonomous Vertical Profiler The Autonomous Vertical Profiler

CSIR – National Institute of (AVP) is a propelled robot vehicle that

Oceanography (NIO) traverses the water column vertically

while sensing and storing the vertical

structure of water column properties.

It can descend at variable speeds to a

given depth set by the user. It ramps

down the motor thrust, reaching zero

velocity at a desired depth layer above

the sea bed. Being positively buoyant

for safety purposes, it ascends

relatively slowly to the sea surface

without power. In order to locate the

profiler after it breaks surface, the AVP

transmits its GPS (Global Positioning

System) coordinates via RF or through

a satellite modem. A low frequency

acoustic pinger is strapped to the hull

as an extra safety device.

29. Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas A cost-effective process for

(Ratanjyot) Seeds preparation of Biodiesel

CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals from the oil expelled from

Research Institute (CSMCRI) the seeds of jatropha curcas.

The seeds are crushed in mechanical

screw type expeller. The oil cake

produced on expelling oil is being

tested for its application as manure

and pesticides and encouraging results

have been obtained. The soap cake

produced is used for making washing

soap. The glycerol produced is

recovered. The biodiesel that is

produced using the process meets all

the norms of European specifications,

Pilot scale


EN 14214. 1000 litres per day zero

effluent Jatropha biodiesel plant set up

at DRDO Military Farm,

Secunderabad.

30. Chemo Autotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation This technology removes dissolved

(CAACO) for Treatment of Wastewater organics from wastewater without

CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) generation of sludge and with low

input electrical energy.

CAACO technology has been implem-

ented for the treatment of wastewater

discharged from domestic and

industrial sectors such as leather,

textile, chemical, pharmaceutical, food

etc. Implemented at more than 80

installations with a capacity ranging

from a volume of 10 m3/day to 2500 m3/

day in India and abroad.

31. Fenton Activated Carbon Catalytic Oxidation FACCO technology developed

(FACCO) for the treatment of Wastewater employs Iron impregnated

Containing Refractory COD and High TDS mesoporous activated carbon.

CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) Hydrogen peroxide is app-

lied as the inducer of hydroxyl radical

and the production of hydroxyl radical

is sustained from molecular oxygen,

abstracted from air. This facilitates the

oxidation of refractory organics in

wastewater at low detention period.

FACCO technology has been impleme-

nted for the treatment of wastewater

discharged from industrial sector such

as leather, textile, chemical, pharmac-

eutical, food etc. The technology has

been implemented in more than 10

installations with a capacity ranging

from a volume of 10 m3/day to 15000

m3/day in India.

32. Herbal Dry Colours (Herbal Holi Gulal) and Herbal Hebal dry colours and herbal colours

Colours for Rangoli do not have any side effects on health,

CSIR - National Botanical Research therefore they do not create eye irrita-

Institute (NBRI) tion, allergies, skin damage,

respiratory problems.

Herbal gulal has soft, nontoxic and

supple touch with good sticking

capacities to skin. It is also perfumed

with essential oils.

Real life

Real life

Real life


Lab scale

Real life

33. Plastic Waste Sorting System for Recycling • First of its kind in India, the

of PET Materials developed laboratory prototype

CSIR – Central Electronics Engineering sorts disposed consumer plastic

Research Institute (CECRI) packaging wastes moving on a

conveyor belt.

• System throughput: 200 kg/hour &

upgradeable

• Accuracy:PET material sorting close

to hundred percentile

• Suitable for recovery and recycle

• Helps in protecting the environment,

ecology and public health.

• Transferred to an entrepreneur

34. Pollution free Lime Kiln A device for making lime kilns pollution

CSIR–Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) free. The existing lime kilns can also

install this device for controlling

pollution.

The device consists of double deck

packed bed scrubber – cum –

entrainment separator using lime

stone and reusable packing material.

The exhaust gases are fed at the

bottom of water scrubber and pollution

free gases are sucked through top of

the chimney using induced draft fan.

Power failure would not affect kiln

operation and it is suitable for

separation of particle size less

than 10 micron.

35. Wood Substitute Products from A Technology to utilize natural fibre

CSIR – Advanced Materials and Processes reinforced industrial wastes (red mud,

Research Institute (AMPRI) Fly Ash) as polymer composites to

make wood substitute products.

The advantages of this technology are

room temperature processing and

high strength to weight ratio. The fire

properties such as fire ignitibility, fire

propagation Index and surface spread

has showed better performance than

the Teak wood.

The extent of absorption of water in

the wood is much higher (~ 20%) than

that of the industrial waste based

polymer composites (~1%) resulting in

better durability over teak wood and

the shelf life is expected to be more

than 20 years and moreover cost

effective.

Pilot scale



Food and Agro Based Products

Pilot scale36. Chilli Processing Plant The Byadgi Chilli, which is known for its

CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary high colour is currently processed in

Science and Technology (NIIST) the traditional manner which result in

loss of carotenoids during the sun

drying operation.

The new process developed employs a

fluid bed drier for bringing down the

moisture to acceptable levels of fresh

chilli hygienically. The resulting end

product will have a 10% increase in

colour value when compared to the

conventionally processed raw

material.

All the machineries are interlocked

and the manpower requirements are

marginal. High pressure steam is used

as the heating medium and the plant is

engineered to ensure high thermal

efficiency.

37. Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed • A new form of agriculture in form of

Research Institute (CSMCRI) Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii

seaweed.

• Suitable for income enhancement.

38. Energy Food ‘Energy Food’, is a ready to eat food

CSIR – Central Food Technological and does not need cooking at the point

Research Institute (CFTRI) of distribution.

This energy food provides 15 gm of

protein, 360 kcal of energy and one

third RDA of vitamins and minerals per

100 gm. It is an Amylase-rich energy

food, containing malted cereals, is a

supplementary food.

The food contains wheat, Bengal gram

dhal and defatted protein-rich oilseed

meals. It is a weaning-cum- nutrition

food for children and suitable for

pregnant women as well.

The process has been commercialized

and a number of production units are

in operation throughout the country.

Real life

Real life


39. Extraction of Palm Oil from Oil Palm Fresh The process efficiency and product

Fruit Bunches (FFB) quality are comparable with internatio-

CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary nal standards.

Science and Technology

Unlike other oils, palm oil

is taken from the fresh fruit and hence

the extraction process involves many

unit operations. Moreover the fruits

have to be processed within 24 hours

from harvest and during harvest the

damage to the fruit has to be minimal

otherwise the oil quality will be bad.

This necessitates captive process unit

for oil palm plantation. The developed

plant is suitable for the purpose. It is

available in two capacities 2.5

expandable to 5.0 ton and 5.0 ton

expandable to 10.0 ton.

Plant technology has been comm-

ercialized.

40. Gluconate salts of An eco-friendly fermentation process

and Ba Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca, Na for the production of these salts. The

CSIR – Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine technology is non-polluting, and cost

effective.

Gluconate salts of Iron, Mangenese,

Magenesium, Zinc, Calcium, and

Barium are used as the mineral

supplements in humans and also as

micronutrient in formulations for

nutrient deficient soils.

This technology has been

demonstrated and transferred.

41. Grain Moisture Meter The Grain Moisture Meter (Digital

CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Automatic Moisture Computer)

developed by CSIO is based on

capacitance variation technique which

converts moisture changes into

dielectric constant variation. The

instrument is portable & rugged and

directly measures percentage of

moisture in grains.

Moisture plays a significant role in the

procurement, storage and processing

of food grains. Under practical storage

conditions, moisture content is the

principal governing factor to maintain

their quality.

Real life

Real life


Real life42. Improved Design for • reduces fuel (bagasse) consumption

Jaggery Furnace Gur Bhatti • reduces chimney exhaust smoke

CSIR – Indian Institute of Petroleum • increase furnace life

43. Iodine Value Meter An easy to operate portable and low

CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation cost, iodine number meter. It has

ability to give reproducible results; the

cost of analysis becomes very low.

Iodine Number is the most valuable

parameter for differentiating or

identifying oils and readily serves to

indicate the group to which the oil

belongs. Presently, Iodine Number is

being determined using wet chemical

analysis in which number of reagents,

glasswares, chemical laboratory and

analytical chemist is required.

44. Low-cost Fish Feed Based on Agro by-product It is a low-cost and nutritionally

& Food Industry Wastes balanced fish feed. The field trial

CSIR - National Environmental Engineering exhibited over 100 percent increased

Research Institute growth with the low-cost fish feed over

those fed by traditional feed. The

fecundity (number of matured eggs) of

the female fish, grown on low-cost

feed also increased by 11 % as

compared to those fed by conventional

feed. A field level demonstration was

conducted for State Fisheries

Department on matured commercially

important fish (Indian major carps) for

two months, prior to breeding.

45. Oil Spectrophotometer The Oil Spectrophotometer developed

CSIR–Central Scientific Instruments Organisation is based on Beer-Lambert law using

specific colour developing reagents for

each element.

Real life

Pilot scale

Real life


The Oil Spectrophotometer is an

integrated system for determination of

metallic impurities in edible oils and

inorganic phosphate-phosphorus. The

salient features of the instrument are:

Low cost & portable, direct display of

concentration in ppm, stable and

dedicated reagents, no standards

required for calibration, reproducible

results, accuracy ± 0.02 ppm for metal

ion, ±0.005 ppm for inorganic

phosphate.

46. Protein Biscuits The High protein biscuits are useful to

CSIR – Central Food Technological combat malnutrition, and the

Research Institute production of these biscuits can be

adopted by the existing units. The

biscuits can be used in the nutrition

supplement progra-mmes of State/

Central Governments.

47. Rice Bran Oil The developed process helps in produc

CSIR –Indian Institute of Chemical Technology tion of high quality rice bran oil. It is

biotechnology-based & environment-

friendly process. The process does not

eliminate the nutritional components

of the refined oil. Technology

Transferred to 27 Industries (@50TPD)

Covering 9 States.

48. Spirulina Spirulina is a simple Cyanobacterium

CSIR – Central Food Technological (blue green algae) that grows naturally

Research Institute in fresh water. It has been effectively

promoted as a natural health and

slimming food in the market.

As a natural package of proteins,

vitamins and minerals, Spirulina is

extremely popular as a health food,

without any side effects, and non

habit-forming. Since Spirulina provides

all the essential nutrition without

excess calories and fats, those wanting

to control obesity take Spirulina

tablets. The process has been

commercialized.

Pilot scale

Real life

Real life



Science Communication

Pilot scale51. Science Journals and Magazines Publishes 19 reputed research journals

CSIR - National Institute of Science covering all fields of Science and

Communication and Information Technology.For school students,

Resources (NISCAIR) popular science magazines are also

published which are very well-

circulated. These magazines contain

valuable information for science

students and therefore have relevance

for all states of India.

Real life49. White Pepper Production from Green and The white pepper obtained from

Black Pepper fermentative decortication of green

CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary pepper is brilliant creamy white, has

Science & Technology no extraneous matters. The white

pepper from black pepper also has

better colour, less than 2 % light

berries and no extraneous matter

compared to commercial grade white

pepper.

50. X-ray Imaging based Mango Sorting System • A non-destructive indigenous

CSIR – Central Electronics Engineering technology employing X-ray

Research Institute imaging.

• The X-ray scanned mangoes are

safe for consumption without any

health hazards.

• Detects internal defects like spongy

tissue and seed weevil in post-

harvested mangoes. Defect

detection accuracy is about 95%.

• X-ray imaging system integrated

with mechanical feeding conveyor,

rejection assembly, software and

hardware modules.

• On-line grading and sorting of 3600

mangoes per hour approximately

(about one ton per hour) on prototype

model.

• Technology transferred.

Real life

Indian Council ofAgriculture Research


Indian Council of Agriculture Research 125

Indian Council of Agriculture Research

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) for higherIntegrated Nutrient Management (INM) for higherIntegrated Nutrient Management (INM) for higherIntegrated Nutrient Management (INM) for higherIntegrated Nutrient Management (INM) for higherproductivity and profitabilityproductivity and profitabilityproductivity and profitabilityproductivity and profitabilityproductivity and profitability

Major Cropping system INM technology

Maize based cropping systems Apply 50% recommended NPK as fertilizer and 50% of N as FYM in maize and

100% of recommended NPK as fertilizer in wheat.

Soybean–wheat For 2 t soybean and 3.5 t wheat, 8 t FYM/ha to soybean and 60kg N+11 kg P/ha to

wheat or 4 t FYM + 10 kg N+ 11 kg P/ha to soybean and 90 kg N+22 kg P/ha to

wheat.

Pulses Integrated use of FYM at 2.5 t/ha and 50% recommended NPK fertilizers plus

rhizobium inoculation helps in saving of 50% chemical fertilizers.

Sorghum based cropping system Substitute 60 kg N through FYM or green Leuceana leaucocephala loppings to get

higher yields and FUE.

Cotton 50% of recommended NPK can be replaced by 5 t FYM/ha.

Oil seeds (Mustard, sunflower etc.) Substitute 25-50% of chemical fertilizer through 10 t FYM/ha to get higher yield

and FUE.

Rice – wheat Green manuring of rice with sunnhemp equivalent to 90 kg N/ha along with 40 kg

N/ha produces yield equivalent to 120 kg N/ha. In an acid Alfisol, incorporation

of lantana camara 10-15 days before transplanting of rice helps to increase the

N use efficiency. Application of 75% NPK + 25% NPK through green manure or

FYM at 6 t/ha to rice and 75% NPK to wheat. Inoculation of BGA @ 10kg/ha

provides about 20-30 kg N/ha.

Rice – rice Use of organic sources, such as FYM, compost, green manure, azolla etc. meet

25-50% of N needs in kharif rice and can help curtailing NPK fertilizers by 25-50%.

Application of 75% NPK + 25% NPK through green manure or FYM at 6 t/ha to

kharif rice and 75% NPK to rabi rice. A successful inoculation of blue green algae

@ 10 kg/ha provides about 20-30 kg N/ha.

Rice-potato-groundnut Use 75% NPK with 10 t FYM/ha in rice and potato.

Sugarcane based cropping systems Combined use of 10 t FYM/ha and recommended NPK increases the cane

productivity by 8-12 t/ha over chemical fertilizer alone.

Indian Council of Agriculture Research126

Promoting Fertigation and Water Soluble / Speciality FertilizersPromoting Fertigation and Water Soluble / Speciality FertilizersPromoting Fertigation and Water Soluble / Speciality FertilizersPromoting Fertigation and Water Soluble / Speciality FertilizersPromoting Fertigation and Water Soluble / Speciality Fertilizers• Fertigation increasing nutrient use efficiency by 40% to be popularized for fruits, vegetables, flowers

and plantation crops.

• Hold great promise as micro-irrigation to be expanded on 69 m ha in subsequent plan periods

• The fully water soluble fertilizers are costly due to heavy custom duty & sales tax besides higher

initial cost.

• Need to be manufactured in India and brought under FCO 1985.

Amelioration of Acid SoilsAmelioration of Acid SoilsAmelioration of Acid SoilsAmelioration of Acid SoilsAmelioration of Acid Soils• About 12 m ha of arable acid soils with pH<5.5 have low

nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity

• Liming @ 2-4q/ha in furrows at the time of sowing

alongwith half of recommended dose of fertilizers

doubles the productivity of crops, especially of pulses

and oilseeds

Manually Operated 4-Row Sprouted Rice SeederManually Operated 4-Row Sprouted Rice SeederManually Operated 4-Row Sprouted Rice SeederManually Operated 4-Row Sprouted Rice SeederManually Operated 4-Row Sprouted Rice Seeder

Application / Use Row seeding of

sprouted rice

Output/ capacity 0.08 ha/h

Unit cost Rs. 2000/-


Plant ProtectionPlant ProtectionPlant ProtectionPlant ProtectionPlant Protection• Various diagnostic protocols and diagnostic kits were developed for

different crops :

- Integrated Management of basal stem rot diseases of areca nut

- Integrated management of bud rot diseases of coconut

- Diagnostic kit for Tristeza virus in citrus

- Diagnostic kit for downy mildew of grapes

- Diagnostic kit for virus infecting black pepper

- Simultaneous detection of three banana viruses

Animal Science TAnimal Science TAnimal Science TAnimal Science TAnimal Science Technologiesechnologiesechnologiesechnologiesechnologies

Animal HealthAnimal HealthAnimal HealthAnimal HealthAnimal Health

• DEGCURE mixture for treating selenium toxicity in animals.

• Herbal drug for skin diseases including fungal diseases and wounds

• Diagnostic kits for foot and mouth disease/surveillance and also for other major diseases of livestock

and poultry.

• Pentavalent vaccine for Blue Tongue disease of sheep

Other kitsOther kitsOther kitsOther kitsOther kits

• Detection of adulteration in milk

SILSILSILSILSILO FO FO FO FO Feed from Tuna Processing Weed from Tuna Processing Weed from Tuna Processing Weed from Tuna Processing Weed from Tuna Processing Waste Waste Waste Waste Waste WasteasteasteasteasteWaste generated during processing of tuna fish can be converted into a liquid protein source for

animal feed. It is available under the brand name of SILO feed.


Up scalable technologies for enhanced livelihood inUp scalable technologies for enhanced livelihood inUp scalable technologies for enhanced livelihood inUp scalable technologies for enhanced livelihood inUp scalable technologies for enhanced livelihood inselected disadvantaged districtsselected disadvantaged districtsselected disadvantaged districtsselected disadvantaged districtsselected disadvantaged districts• Rice Fish Poultry farming system in TN and Assam

• *Successful introduction of SRI method in rice cultivation

• *Model water harvesting structures for drought alleviation and increased cropping intensity

• Production and processing of linseed in Maharashtra

• Kharif Ground nut cultivation for West Bengal

• Up land fallows for cultivation of maize in Bastar Region

• *HDPE pipes for increasing water use efficiency and increased area under irrigation

• Successful introduction of leguminous crops in compact blocks in UP from participatory protection

to check blue bull menace and improving soil health as well as for enriched food nutrition of

villagers

• *Cultivation of in-situ Azola for protein source in poultry feed

• *Ram lamb rearing as a livelihood option

• *Ornamental fish unit, Mushroom cultivation for income generation

• Lac cultivation in MP, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand

Note: * Applicable in other states also.

Tiger shrimp farming in saline affected areasTiger shrimp farming in saline affected areasTiger shrimp farming in saline affected areasTiger shrimp farming in saline affected areasTiger shrimp farming in saline affected areasIn India, around 6.1 million hectare area is badly affected with salinity problem and 1.93 lakh km2

areas are underlain with saline water. Tiger shrimp farming is limited to coastal states in India in

brackishwater. Now shrimp can be farmed in inland saline lands using underlying saline water in the

north-western areas of the country. Thus utilization of waste saline lands and ground saline water may

be a profitable venture.

ProductionProductionProductionProductionProduction

An average production of 650 kg/ha at stocking density 4.4 PL/ha has been obtained in four month

period. Farmers whose lands have been badly affected with salinity, agro-industries, NGO’s, SHG’s,

and unemployed youth may adopt this technology.


TECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLOGOGOGOGOGY FORY FORY FORY FORY FOR MARICULMARICULMARICULMARICULMARICULTURETURETURETURETUREOpen sea cage cultureOpen sea cage cultureOpen sea cage cultureOpen sea cage cultureOpen sea cage culture

Trial details at Balasore , OrissaTotal no. fish stocked in cage – 4357

Fish species stocked – Asian seabass

Date of stocking – January 2009

ABW at the stocking time – 22.5 g

ABL at the stocking time – 86 mm

Date of harvest – 10th Nov. 2009

Total Nos. harvested – 3472

Survival – 79.6%

Total harvested fish wt. – 3032 kg

Length range of fish (cms) – 20.30- 48.20

Weight range (kg.) – 0.45-1.30

Cost of production (Rs. Kg.) – 94.24

Price realised from sale of fish (Rs. Kg.) – 189.90

Gross revenue from 3032 kg – Rs. 575,760

Net Income – Rs. 2,90,000

TECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLOGOGOGOGOGY FORY FORY FORY FORY FOR INLINLINLINLINLAND AQUAND AQUAND AQUAND AQUAND AQUACULACULACULACULACULTURETURETURETURETURE

Carp seed productionCarp seed productionCarp seed productionCarp seed productionCarp seed production

Carp seed is produced by induced

breeding technology for producing

good quality seed in sufficient

quantity.

Input : Facilities for

broodstock (Catla,

rohu & mrigal)

rearing, hatchery components like spawning pool, hatching pool, overhead tank,

water supply and drainage systems.

Output capacity : 50 million carp seed

Unit cost : About Rs. 5.00 lakh


Genetically Improved Rohu (Jayanti)productionGenetically Improved Rohu (Jayanti)productionGenetically Improved Rohu (Jayanti)productionGenetically Improved Rohu (Jayanti)productionGenetically Improved Rohu (Jayanti)production

Genetically improved Rohu (Labeo rohita),developed

through selective breeding programme. Average 17%

higher growth realized through selection (presently in 5th

generation).

Input : Inducing agent, broodfish, hatchery.

Output capacity : 70,000-80,000 spawn/kg female; 6-

8 t/ha (table size fish)

Unit cost : Rs. 500/- per lakh spawn; Rs. 40/kg (table size fish)

TECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLOGOGOGOGOGY FORY FORY FORY FORY FOR INLINLINLINLINLAND AQUAND AQUAND AQUAND AQUAND AQUACULACULACULACULACULTURETURETURETURETURE

Seed production of Cat fish (Clarias batrachus)

Administration of hormones like

carp pituitary extract (30-40 mg/kg),

HCG (4000 IU/kg) and Ovaprim or

Ovatide (0.6-0.8 ml/kg). Stripping

after 14-17 h and artificial fertilization

through sperm suspension.

Incubation of the fertilized eggs in a

flow-through hatchery. Water

exchange, and high protein diet.

Larval rearing in indoor rearing tanks

fed with live plankton.

Input : Brood fish, inducing agent, hatchery, feed, fertilizer.

Output capacity : 1000-2000 advanced fry/100 g female

Unit cost : Rs. 600/- per 1000 advanced fry

Portable Carp HatcheryPortable Carp HatcheryPortable Carp HatcheryPortable Carp HatcheryPortable Carp Hatchery

The breeding pool 2.15 m diameter, 0.9 m height and 3409 1 volume. The bottom can accommodate

10-12 kg of carps for breeding. The hatching tank with 1.40 m dia and 0.98 m height has the capacity

for hatching 10 lakhs eggs per operation. Rectangular tank of size 1.0 x 0.5 x 0.5m with capacity 250 l

is used as egg/spawn collection tank.

Input : Breeding pool, hatching tank, egg/spawn collection tank, PVC pipe

Output capacity : 7-8 lakhs spawn/hatchery

Unit Cost : Rs. 70,000


TECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLOGOGOGOGOGYYYYY FORFORFORFORFOR COASTCOASTCOASTCOASTCOASTALALALALAL AQUAQUAQUAQUAQUACULACULACULACULACULTURETURETURETURETURE

Asian Seabass ( Asian Seabass ( Asian Seabass ( Asian Seabass ( Asian Seabass ( Lates calcariferLates calcariferLates calcariferLates calcariferLates calcarifer) seed production) seed production) seed production) seed production) seed production

Fish in the size group of 1.0 to 5.0 kg Used as broodstock.

,after attaining maturity,are induced to spawn under through

intramuscular administration of the hormone – LHRH. Fry

reared for 15 days, transferred to nursery hapas or tanks to

rear fingerlings stage in 30 days. Input : Land, buildings,

tanks, air blowers, generator, biological filters, Pressure sand

filters, UV filters, Cartridge filters, seawater/freshwater facilities

(including pipe lines), microscopes, heaters and thermostat,

refract meter, pH meter, manpower, broodstock, feed, fertilizers

and chemicals. Hormones LHRH-a, Electricity, fuel, nets, plastic

wares, glass wares. Etc. Output capacity :The output capacity can be

increased/reduced as per the capacity of entrepreneurs. Unit

cost: The production cost of seed: Rs. 1.24/piece

TECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLTECHNOLOGOGOGOGOGY FOR COASTY FOR COASTY FOR COASTY FOR COASTY FOR COASTAL AQUAL AQUAL AQUAL AQUAL AQUACULACULACULACULACULTURETURETURETURETURE

Shrimp FarmingShrimp FarmingShrimp FarmingShrimp FarmingShrimp Farming

The cultured shrimps worth Rs. 3,500 crores are being exported from India. The culture pond site

must be thoroughly studied. Sufficient quantity of good quality water is required and pond must have

minimum depth of 1m and maximum of 1.5m.

Input : Land, tanks, air blowers, generator, seawater/freshwater facilities (including pipe

lines), microscopes, manpower, brood stock, feed, fertilizers and chemicals.

Electricity, fuel, nets, plastic wares,. Etc.

Output capacity : The output capacity 1500 kg per hectare. Two crops per year can be achieved.

Unit cost : The market cost of shrimp is Rs. 200 per kg.

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